CN1069270C - 电动摩托车的工作报警装置 - Google Patents

电动摩托车的工作报警装置 Download PDF

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CN1069270C
CN1069270C CN96106826A CN96106826A CN1069270C CN 1069270 C CN1069270 C CN 1069270C CN 96106826 A CN96106826 A CN 96106826A CN 96106826 A CN96106826 A CN 96106826A CN 1069270 C CN1069270 C CN 1069270C
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switch
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motor cycle
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CN1146408A (zh
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小野昌朗
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Tokyo R&D Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明是由所装载电池来驱动电动机作为动力源而行驶的电动摩托车，具有：电源装置，把来自主电源的额定48V供给要求高电压的电动机以充分发挥动力性能，通过把来自辅助电源的额定12V供给其他电气装置就能采用市售的通用零件，在电压变化大的情况下仍能稳定地给控制装置等供电；工作报警装置，通过指示灯和报警声，把电动机电源接通后电动摩托车处于可行驶运转的状态向驾驶者和周围人们发出警告或告知。

Description

电动摩托车的工作报警装置
本发明涉及一种把由所装载的电池驱动的电动机作为动力源来行驶的电动摩托车，进一步说，是关于一种工作警告装置，其把接通电动摩托车的电源装置及上述电动机的电源的行驶运转所处的可能状态向驾驶者和周围人们发出警告或告知。
本发明的第一目的是提供一种电动摩托车的电源装置，能够把来自主电源的额定48V供给要求高电压的电动机以充分地发挥动力特性，通过把来自辅助电源的额定12V供给其他电气装置就能采用市售的通用零件，在电压变动大的情况下能够稳定地对控制装置等供电。
装备在电动摩托车上的电气系统装置可以大致分为驱动装置(电动机)、控制装置和照明装置这三类。他们的电源装置在现有技术中是通用的，对驱动装置、控制装置、照明装置等全部是共同的，对各电气系统装置供给相同电压。即，没有施行在电源装置中设置辅助电源的方案，从设置在一处的蓄电池向驱动装置等进行直接引线。其结果，现有的电动摩托车，与内燃机摩托车相比在动力性能方面显著变劣。其中一个原因是电源装置的制约。由于象上述那样电动摩托车的电气系统装置共同使用一个电源，而市售的灯泡、继电器等照明装置零件等多为额定12V或24V的产品，则为了采用这些市售的通用零件，摩托车的电源电压就限制在额定12V或24V上。其结果，就制约到驱动装置(电动机)的输出，在动力性能上就得不到内燃机摩托车的动力性能，而妨碍了电动摩托车的普及。电动摩托车与同样以蓄电池作为电池的叉车和高尔夫球车等场内电动车辆相比，要求有深放电，具有电源电压变化急剧的特点，在蓄电池的放电末期和加速时、爬坡时等大电流放电时电压降低。由于电压降低就会减弱照明装置的照度，而在电压降低显著的情况下，就有引起控制装置工作不良而损害驱动装置工作等种种问题。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种工作警告装置，对电动摩托车中的不小心而发生的事故防患于未然，换言之，通过把相当于内燃机摩托车的空转状态的感觉以视觉告知的指示灯和以听视觉告知的报警声，向驾驶者和周围的人们警告或告知接通电动机电源的行驶运转所处的可能状态，通过驾驶者的操纵来确保交通的安全性，或防止起动装置键的忘记复位。
就是说，从现有的内燃机摩托车在行驶时最初的起动内燃机的行驶运转所成为的可能状态和在停车时内燃机维持在保持低速运转的所谓空转状态中，无论是驾驶者还是周围的人们都能以听觉和触觉从内燃机的工作噪音和振动等明快地确认行驶运转所处的可能状态。然而，电动摩托车没有上述内燃机摩托车那样的空转状态，而且由于电动机的工作噪音和振动很小及在停车时电动机完全停止的肃静性很高，则驾驶者和周围的人们难于迅速地从感觉上明确判断摩托车是否处于行驶运转的可能状态。由此，一但以内燃机摩托车的习惯不小心地操纵电动摩托车的调节，就会引起失控事故。为了防止上述那样的事故，现有技术是通过置入座位中的开关来开发出仅仅在驾驶者骑在座位的特定位置上时电动机才可以工作的系统，其已被实用化而作为该操作的对应措施。但是，上述措施被指出存在下列缺陷；由于驾驶者的骑坐位置的差异的影响，例如，尽管是正确的运行姿式，由于体格等的差异，稍微移动骑坐位置，就会停止电动机的工作，或者，驾驶者在行驶中把腰从座位上抬起，车辆就会突然停止，诸如此类的驱动力的断续是危险的。
本发明的电动摩托车的电源装置由下列部件的组合而构成：向驱动装置(电动机)供给高电压的主电源；通过从上述主电源降压而稳定地产生低电压并以上述低电压工作的照明装置；和向控制装置等稳定地供给上述低电压的辅助电源。
更具体地，给电动摩托车的驱动装置供电的主电源是额定48伏的蓄电池，辅助电源是稳定地产生额定12伏的直流稳压电源。在从额定12伏工作的照明装置、控制装置、辅助机构中，上述直流稳定压电源供给额定12伏。
本发明的电动摩托车的工作警告装置由下列部件构成：
能够被目视地显示运转的可能状态是否适当的电源显示部；
检测驾驶者是否在座位上骑好的座位负重检测部；及
在电动摩托车运转的可能状态中，在驾驶者没有以驾车姿式骑在座位上时发生听觉警告的报警发生部。
更具体地说，电源显示部是点亮显示运转的可能状态是否合适的显示灯；
座位负重检测部是设置在支承座位的车座铰接部分中的开关机构，由开关的通断动作来检测驾驶者骑在座位上时有无负重。在上述车座铰接部分上设置约束上下自由度的弹簧。
在本发明的电动摩托车的电源装置中，高电压的主电源直接向驱动装置供给额定48V的电力而充分地发挥动力性能；尽管主电源的电原电压会急剧变化，辅助电源也不受其影响，向照明装置、控制装置等稳定地供给额定12V的电力，固而使照明装置维持充分的光量而控制装置2稳定地工作。特别是，尽管主电源降到了驱动装置不能行驶的电压，由辅助电源仍能稳定地向照明装置等供电，而实现了照度的确保或者失控事故的防止。而且，由于向除驱动装置之外的电气系统装置是供给向市售通用零件供电的额定电压(12V)，就能容易地利用市售零件。
因此，根据本发明的电动摩托车，有助于普及地得到接近内燃机摩托车的优良动力性能。而且能够在照明装置等辅助类中使用额定12V等的市售零件，有利于成本和制造工序。由于照明装置、控制装置等与主电源的电压变化无关，而接受稳定的电压供电，从而实现了确保照度和由稳定工作而防止失控事故等。
本发明的电动摩托车，在驾驶者接通起动键开关而成为行驶运转的可能状态时，点亮装备在仪表盘上的指示灯，由驾驶者的调节操纵，摩托车(电动机)立即转换到行驶工作，而把其向驾驶者和周围的人们进行视觉的警告或告知。但是，驾驶者没有骑坐在座位上等的没有保持驾驶姿式时，由座位负重检测部的开关检测出这种情况，如果在这种状态下接通上述起动键开关，蜂鸣器发生蜂鸣声以发出警告，从听觉上促使驾驶者正规地乘骑或关断起动键开关。由于蜂鸣器的听觉警告把驾驶者和周围人们的视线引向该处就能有效地引起人们的注意。在驾驶者保持为骑坐的正规姿式时，常闭开关断开，仪表盘的指示灯在视觉上警告或告知行驶运转所处的可能状态。由于此时驾驶者保持为看仪表盘的姿式而有效地引起其的注意。由于在上述条件时蜂鸣器不发声，则既不妨碍驾驶也不会成为噪声源。蜂鸣器的音量设定为足以引起注意的音量大小。
由于上述座位负重检测部在车座铰接部分与向下作用的弹簧一起组成开关而具备了兼有车座铰接和负重检测功能的构造，而减小了由驾驶者骑坐在座位上的位置差异所产生的影响(误动作)，从而稳定了工作报警装置的动作。由于即使在驾驶中座位负重消失也仅仅是蜂鸣器发出呜叫而驱动力不会突然中断，就减少了驾驶中的危险。在座铰接，由于兼有座位负重检测功能，增加了原来转动的自由度而具有上下的自由度，但该自由度通常由弹簧来约束。由此，在座位开关时没有伴随“咔嗒”声，不会损伤原来的铰接功能。
根据本发明的运转工作报警装置，由于由报警声发生部(蜂鸣器)的发声在听觉上进行报警而把未保持驾驶姿式的驾驶者和周围人们的视线引向此处，就能有效地引起注意。对于保持好驾驶姿式的驾驶者，由电源显示部(指示灯)在视觉上进行警告或告知，从而有效地引起注意。而在该状态下蜂鸣器不发声，就不会妨碍驾驶也不会成为噪声源。而且，由于工作报警装置的动作仅仅是警告或告知，不会使驱动力中断，有助于防止确保电动机的确动性的事故。由于驾驶者是否骑坐到座位上的有无座位负重的检测是由设置在座位的车座铰接部分上的座位负重检测部(开关)来进行的，由骑坐位置的差异所引起的影响很小，由此稳定了工作报警装置的动作。而且，由于车座铰接兼有座位负重检测的功能，增加了原来的转动自由度而具有上下的自由度，但由于上下的自由度通常由弹簧所约束，则在坐位开关时不带有“咔嗒”声，就不会损伤原来的铰接功能。
本发明的更广泛的可适用范围由同实施例一起进行的下述详细描述来说明。本发明的各种变更和修改，对本领域技术人员来说，可以由下述描述说明，但应该知道：下述说明不过是本发明的优选实施例的说明。
以下附图是为了说明本发明的实施例。
图1是表示电动摩托车的电气系统装置连线的方框图；
图2是表示局部剖开电动摩托车的侧视图；
图3是表示运转工作报警装置结构的接线图；
图4是表示仪表盘的平面图；
图5是表示座位的车座铰接部分细节的截面图。
图1是表示使用本说明的电源装置的电动摩托车电气系统装置结构的方框图，图2是电动摩托车的侧视图。主电源1是额定48V的蓄电池，其是由装载在摩托车车架下部电池箱6内的4个额定12V蓄电池串联联接而构成的。主电源1直接用电缆同电动机2相联。在电动机2中使用额定48V规格的电机。由此，由上述电动机的大驱动力，该电动摩托车就发挥出接近内燃机摩托车的优良动力性能。
作为辅助电源的直流稳定压电源5，接受来自主电源1的额定48V的输人，稳定地降压至额定12V，给控制装置4以及照明装置3等辅助机类供电，设置在电池箱6内与主电源相邻。由此，尽管在行驶中主电源1的电压变化很大，但因为由直流稳压电源5稳定地供给额定12V，则照明装置3维持充分地光量，控制装置4稳定地工作。在直流稳压电源5中使用例如斩波器型开关调节器。其在由主电源所供给的电压降至低于驱动装置2允许电压38V的低电压25V时仍能充分地工作。由照明装置3的照度确保和控制装置4的稳定工作就能防止失控事故等的发生。作为直流稳压电源5，并不限于上述的斩波器型，也可以采用绝缘型开关调节器或控制电压下降的降压型等稳压电源电路。
因为由直流稳压电源5供给恒定电压的控制装置4、照明装置3等辅机类是额定12V规格，就能有效地使用各种品种的大量的汽车用市售通用产品。控制装置4主要进行驱动装置2的控制。
图3的工作报警装置由下列部件构成：电动摩托车的起动键开关15、设置在仪表盘16中作为电源显示部的指示灯8、设置在驾驶柄前盖18内作为报警发生部的蜂鸣器17和安装在座位11的车座位铰接12部位上作为座位负重检测部的开关14，座位11兼有作容纳机罩等的行李箱9的盖。
由于起动键开关15通断操作电动机2的主电源1，而使电动摩托车成为行驶运转的可能状态。指示灯8在起动键开关15接通(摩托车行驶运转为可能状态)时一直点亮，而把由调节操作(加速操作立即转换到行驶动作的状态在视觉上向驾驶者警告或告知。仪表盘16设置在驾驶者容易看到的驾驶柄上部，在指示灯8的其他处装备速度表21、行驶距离表22、电池余量表23、速度警告灯24、升温警告灯25、充电显示灯26、方向指示器闪烁灯27。
蜂鸣器17通过向驾驶者及周围人们的听觉发生警告，有略了具体的图示，而设置在驾驶柄的前罩18内。蜂鸣器17的音量应设定为大到足以引起驾驶者的注意。
作为座位负重检测部的开关14是微型开关的一种，由其的通断动作来进行座位负重有无的检测。如图5所示，开关14安装在座位11的车座铰接12部分。车座铰接12设在座位11的前部，而使座位11可以起伏，而使行李箱9可以开关。设在座位11后部的加锁装置10把座位11锁定为作用停止状态。图5所示的车座交接12由行李箱9侧的固定铰接片12a和座位11侧的可动铰接片12b构成，两者由水平的铰接轴12c联结。该车座铰接12，在原来的转动自由度之外，为了通断操作由支承片19装到上述固定铰接片12a而装入的上述开关14，而具有向上下方向改变位置的自由度。但是，上述上下方向的自由度由装入向下作用的弹簧13所约束。一但驾驶者采取坐到座位11上的驾驶者姿式而座位11前部向下降时，开关14就被接通。因为是上述的结构，无论驾驶者坐在座位11的哪个位置上，开关14都能确实地进行接通、关断，从而能够检测出驾驶者是否采取了驾驶姿式。
在上述结构中，一但键开关15接通，指示灯8就被点亮，同时电动摩托车就成为运转行驶的可能状态。另外，作为座位负重检测部的开关14检测驾驶者是否为驾驶姿式，而进行接通、关断动作。在键开关15虽被接通但驾驶者并未采取驾驶姿式而开关14仍旧在接通状态时，蜂鸣器17发生警告，催促驾驶者驾车或切断键开关15。

Claims (2)

1．一种电动摩托车的工作报警装置，其特征在于，包括：
电源显示部，由接通键开关(15)时亮灯的指示灯(8)构成，用于能目视地显示运转可能状态是否合适；
座位负重检测部，由设置在支撑着座位(11)的座位铰链(12)上的用以进行通断动作的开关(14)构成，用于检测驾驶者是否坐到座位上；
警报声发生部，由蜂鸣器(17)构成，其电源与所述键开关(15)和开关(14)串联连接，用以在接通所述键开关(15)使电动摩托车成为可运转状态，而驾驶者未坐到座位上、处于非驾驶姿势时，发出听觉上的警报声。
2．如权利要求1所述的电动摩托车的工作报警装置，其特征在于，所述座位铰链(12)设有用以限制所述座位的上下自由度的弹簧(13)，用以设定使所述开关(14)进行通断动作的座位负重的大小。
CN96106826A 1992-10-09 1996-06-10 电动摩托车的工作报警装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1069270C (zh)

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US5594411A (en) 1997-01-14
CN1146408A (zh) 1997-04-02
CN1094363A (zh) 1994-11-02
US5396970A (en) 1995-03-14
KR970010900B1 (ko) 1997-07-02
CN1038827C (zh) 1998-06-24
EP0592319A3 (en) 1994-06-01
KR940008998A (ko) 1994-05-16
EP0592319A2 (en) 1994-04-13

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