CN1078986C - 无线通信系统中数字控制信道的定位方法及装置 - Google Patents

无线通信系统中数字控制信道的定位方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN1078986C
CN1078986C CN94191071A CN94191071A CN1078986C CN 1078986 C CN1078986 C CN 1078986C CN 94191071 A CN94191071 A CN 94191071A CN 94191071 A CN94191071 A CN 94191071A CN 1078986 C CN1078986 C CN 1078986C
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R·亨利
F·索耶
A·K·赖特
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Henery Ray
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Abstract

用于定位控制信道、特别是数字控制信道的方法及装置。把可能载送监控消息的信道编成组以代表这些信道被用作控制信道的相对可能性，移动台从最可能构成控制信道的那些信道开始搜索。把定位信息放在其他信道上，允许移动台在读取其他信道之一时重新对准一个控制信道。类似地，把控制信道定位信息放在与切换有关的消息中，从而使移动台不必针对其已被切换到的新基站重新定位有关的新控制信道。

Description

无线通信系统中数字控制信道的定位
              方法及装置
               相关申请
在1993年11月1日递交的名为“A Method forCommunicating in a Wireless Communicating System”的美国专利申请第08/147,254号的说明书在本申请中被作为参考资料。
               背景技术
本发明主要涉及具有控制信道的无线通信系统，特别是涉及这种系统中的数字控制信道的定位。
传统的无线通信系统一直是模拟式的。然而，无线通信系统的迅速发展迫使系统的设计者去寻找某种途径，即在通信质量不至降低到用户容限以下的条件下增加系统的容量。其中一种可以增加容量的方式就是从模拟通信改变成数字通信技术。在北美，从模拟AMPS系统向数字系统(D-AMPS)的过渡已经实现了这种改变，其新标准为IS-54B。
在引入数字技术之前，现存的大量用户基础设备仅能在模拟域中工作，因此在IS-54B中采用了双模式(模拟和数字)标准，从而在实现数字通信能力的同时提供了模拟兼容性。例如，在IS-54B标准下并存有模拟和数字业务信道，其中系统的操作者可以用数字业务信道替代模拟业务信道(反之亦然)，采用动态方式在模拟和数字用户之间调节变动的业务模式。
除了业务信道之外，无线通信系统中还设有控制信道，用于在基站与移动台之间传送呼叫建立数据消息。按照IS-54B，举例来说，有21个专用的模拟控制信道，为这些信道的A和B载频各自分配了固定的频率。之所以称其为“专用的”模拟控制信道是因为它们一直使用同一个频率。因此，当移动台需要监测该信道上传输的数据时就很容易对其进行定位。
例如，在空闲状态下(即开机但未使用)，IS-54B系统中的一个移动台调谐到其已知频率上最强的控制信道(通常是移动台当时所处的网孔中的一个控制信道)并对其进行连续的监测，并可以通过相应的基站接收或启动一个电话呼叫。当处于空闲状态的移动台在网孔之间移动时，它最终会“丢失”在“旧”网孔的控制信道上的无线电连接，并且调谐到“新”网孔的控制信道上。控制信道的最初调谐和变换都是自动完成的，这是通过在蜂窝系统中已知的工作频率上扫描所有的控制信道，从中找出“最好的”控制信道。当找到一个具有良好接收质量的控制信道时，移动台就保持调谐在这一信道上，直至再次发生质量劣化。用这种方式，所有移动台几乎一直与系统“保持接触”。
对于这种混合系统方案来说，可以预料到，模拟用户的数量会逐渐减少而数字用户的数量则会增加。最终可能以数字业务信道替代所有的模拟业务信道。到此时就可以用较便宜的单一数字移动装置代替现行的双模式装置。然而，这种单一数字移动装置不能扫描IS-54B系统中目前具备的模拟控制信道。
因此就需要在用于支持诸如上述IS-54B的数字技术的无线通信系统中提供数字控制信道。除了应具有兼容性之外，在上述应用场合中从其他因素来考虑也需要数字控制信道，例如为了增强移动装置的休眠模式，以便延长电池的寿命。鉴于IS-54B所使用的是专用的控制信道，还希望在分配控制信道数量以及控制信道的频率上有更大的灵活性，以便提高系统容量并且支持微网孔、微微网孔等等分层网孔结构。然而，问题在于，如果数字控制信道不是被定位在已知的频率上，远端设备又怎能对需要监测的这些控制信道实现定位呢？
目前已在欧洲使用的一种称为GSM的常规无线通信系统已经是一种全数字系统了。在该系统中，移动装置直接扫描所有的有效信道，直至识别出一个数字控制信道。然而，对于具有大量信道的系统来说，这种定位技术就太慢了。不仅如此，由于移动装置从一个网孔移动到另一网孔时发生的“切换”(handoffs)，在通话结束之后的数字控制信道定位问题会变得越发严重，这是因为，移动装置在此时已不能再使用其在通话之前一直监视着的那种控制信道定位信息。
                 发明概要
本发明克服了现有系统和方法中的上述及其他缺陷和限制，根据本发明，其中的数字控制信道定位可以得到简化，其做法可以是，根据在一个或一组特定信道上找到一个数字控制信道的相对可能性来规定一个搜索图，并且在其他信道上提供数字控制信道探测信息。
按照本发明的实施例，信道被编制成按照在各组中找到数字控制信道的相对可能性而排列的概率组。移动装置可以在位于最高级的概率组中寻找数字控制信道，然后”在位于次最高级的概率组中寻找，依次类推，直至找出一个数字控制信道。
按照本发明的其他实施例，可以在诸如业务信道或模拟控制信道的其他信道上提供信息，该信息使移动台指向能找到数字控制信道的一个特定信道，或是使其指向在其中可找到一个数字控制信道的一组信道。这样，与按顺序搜索信道的方式相比，定位过程可以得到简化。
按照本发明的另外的实施例，移动装置在呼叫终止期间可以接收有关数字控制信道定位的信息。这样，移动装置就不必在通话结束之后立刻再重复尝试确定数字控制信道的位置的过程，当移动台在通话期间移入一个新网孔时，这种方式特别有效。
附图简述
参照以下结合附图的详细说明可以进一步理解本发明的上述及其它目的、特征及其优点，其中：
图1(a)-1(d)是表示按照本发明举例的概率组方案的表格；
图2(a)示出了按照本发明的一个举例的下行链路数字业务信道；
图2(b)表示惯用的上行链路数字业务信道；
图2(c)表示按照本发明的一个举例的上行链路数字控制信道的时隙格式；
图2(d)表示按照本发明的一个举例的下行链路数字控制信道的时隙格式；
图3是一个流程图，它表示了按照本发明的一种举例的数字控制信道探测方法；
图4(a)是一个表，用于说明按照本发明的举例的一种消息格式；
图4(b)是一个表，用于更详细地说明图4(a)的表的项目；以及
图5是按照本发明的一个无线通信系统的方框图。
发明的详细公开
按照本发明的解释性实施例，可以同时或单独使用多种技术由移动台加速完成数字控制信道的定位。
一种可以帮助移动台搜索数字控制信道的方法是把有效频率编成组，这些组被分配以不同的概率以反映在各组中找到一个数字控制信道的相对可能性。这样就可以使移动台用于探测的时间明显缩短。图1(a)和1(b)中的两个表分别代表A-频带和B-频带中的信道为了支持数字控制信道的探测是如何按不同的相对概率来分配的。与此类似，图1(c)和1(d)示出了另一个此类实例。例如，移动台在其接收到任何数字控制信道定位器(digitalcontrol channel locator)信息之前，移动台可以使用这种方案作为数字控制信道定位的起点(参见下文)。一当移动台接收到数字控制信道定位器信息时，它可以用收到的信息代替此处所述的信道组概率图表。
另一种帮助移动台搜索数字控制信道(DCC)的方案是将数字控制信道定位信息置于除数字控制信道之外的其他信道上，因此，当移动台在搜索DCC时读取了这一信道时，就可以使其搜索加快。例如，数字控制信道定位器(DL)是一个可以放在数字业务信道上的参数，并且它提供了帮助移动台寻找数字控制信道的信息。DL向移动台指示出载送数字控制信道的RF信道。根据用以表示DL的有效比特数和系统中的信道数，该DL可以唯一地识别属于数字控制信道的信道，或是可以把搜索限制在可能的信道的某个子集之内。例如，若有一个7比特的DL，则可以把DL值1、2、3……127分别变换成信道号1-8、9-16、17-24，……1009-1016。这样，例如如果一个数字控制信道的信道号为10，那么就在同一网孔的各数字业务信道上传送DL值2。DL值0不作为任何数字控制信道定位信息，而是用于表示系统没有提供出DL信息。
一旦确定了DL值，就将其编码形成CDL，以例如TDMA时隙中的比特位置314至324在数字业务信道上传送。这种情况如图2(a)中所示，该图说明了举例的数字业务信道基站至移动台时隙格式。数据字段下部的数字代表该字段中的比特数。除CDL之外的字段与传统的IS-54B基站至移动台业务信道时隙相同，可供感兴趣的读者参考。举例的上行链路数字业务信道、上行链路数字控制信道、以及下行链路数字控制信道的时隙格式分别如图2(b)、2(c)和2(d)所示，在以下的讨论中可供参考。熟悉本领域的人员可以看出，其他的比特位置也可以用作时隙中的CDL字段，然而，这种特定位置的优越性在于它对应着IS-54B的下行链路数字业务信道时隙中以前未被使用的RSVD字段。这样就能使IS-54B空中接口的改变尽量减小。在IS-54B规范中，这些RSVD比特被保留为0，习惯上用它们表示没有提供出定位信息。另一种可能性是把DL设在DTC的第2层帧中。
按照本发明的举例的实施例，所有信道号都是数字控制信道分配的有效候选者。考虑到DL并不必需唯一地识别某一特定的信道号，因此希望能建立一种优先权方案，它可以用于在由DL进行识别的各个信道组中搜索数字控制信道。一个接收到与特定信道组有关的DL值的移动台不会自动地搜索所有信道，而是按照这一优先权方案在该组中搜索数字控制信道。这样，如果DL值为1，移动台就可以从信道8开始，随后是信道7等等，依次去检查8至1号信道，以期寻找到数字控制信道。
以上说明了可用于加快数字控制信道定位的实例，以下再说明本发明的其他实施例，其中的技术方案适用于各种场合。例如，参见图3的流程图，假设一个移动台正在IS-54B系统的A-频带载频上寻找一个数字控制信道。如图中框10所示，假定在移动台中没有其他可用的信息，移动台就首先在最高级概率组中检查，例如检查图1(a)中信道号为1-26的组1。在这一信道组中，移动台根据某些预定的标准来选择首先要读取的信道。例如图20中所述，这种标准可以是在概率组内测得的信道信号强度。另一种方式是在组内按照编号顺序读出信道。这样，移动台就测量信道1-26的信号强度(RSSI)并按从强到弱的顺序来排列这些信道。此处用信道“X”表示信号强度最高的信道，在框30中选择读出这一信道。若在框40中识别出这一选定的信道“X”是一个模拟信道，即一个模拟控制信道或模拟业务信道，流程就返回框30去选择读取次高级的信道。另一方面，如果信道“X”是一个数字信道，流程就进到判断框50，识别该数字信道是控制信道还是业务信道。这种识别可以采用多种方式来完成。
为了在数字业务信道和数字控制信道之间加以区别，还需要参照IS-54B标准来解释。如图2(a)和2(c)所示，尽管IS-54B数字业务信道和数字控制信道的下行链路时隙格式具有结构上的共同点，但还是有某些区别可被用以区分数字控制信道和数字业务信道。首先，由于数字校验彩色码(DVCC)与超级帧(SFP)字段在信道编码上的区别，在每对CDVCC和CSFP代码字的12比特中总有4比特是不同的，无论CDVCC或CSFP代码字中的哪一个是由基站发送的(然而，由于无线信道损伤而产生的误码，会使移动台接收的代码字与发送的代码字有所不同)。具体地说，CSFP的4个核查比特相对于CDVCC的核查比特是相反的。其次，数字业务信道上的CDVCC内容从一个时隙到下一时隙是固定的，而数字控制信道上的CSFP内容是按照可预测的方式逐个时隙变化的。
另一种可供使用的识别方式是，数字业务信道上采用的信道编码和交错(interleave)与数字控制信道上采用的编码和交错是不同的，与DTC业务(语音或FACCH)无关。例如，数字业务信道可能使用1/2速率编码，而数字控制信道则使用1/4速率编码。此外，数字控制信道上的IS-54B SACCH和RESERVED字段具有不同的功能。图2(a)至2(d)所示的各字段的实际功能与本申请的内容无关，然而，在上述有关的申请中对这些字段的功能作出了更详细的解释。
如果信道“X”是一个数字控制信道，定位程序就达到了其目标，流程就进到END框。另一方面，如果信道“X”是一个数字业务信道，程序就转移到框60，在其中判断该数字业务信道中是否包括数字控制信道定位信息，例如上述的DL字段。如果没有，移动台就读出另一个信道，而流程则回到框30。如果有，就在框70中用这一信息去寻找数字控制信道。
作为上述概率组方案的一种替代方案，在诸如IS-54B这样的仍保存有模拟控制信道的混合系统中，可以把数字定位信息放在这些信道上。例如，数字控制信道信息可以被放在IS-54B的两个载频上的21个专有的模拟控制信道中的每个信道上。而移动台可以首先调谐到最强的有效模拟控制信道，确定该数字控制信道对于网孔的位置，然后就直接调谐到这一数字控制信道上。
按照本发明的另一实施例，当移动台经历一次通话终结时也可以把关于数字控制信道的信息提供给移动台。一般是从基站传送给移动台的、与通话终结相联系的消息之一是一个RELEASE消息，它通知移动台在一个指定频率上去搜索DCC。如果在通话结束时把与移动台所处网孔有关的数字控制信道定位信息放在RELEASE消息上，移动台就不必再通过任何步骤去定位一个新的数字控制信道。这样，无论移动台在原先的连接期间是否被“切换”，它都可以获得数字控制信道的位置信息。
图4(a)和4(b)示出了举例的消息格式，用这些格式可以在RELEASE消息中把信息提供给移动台以用于寻找一个数字控制信道。图4(a)示出了举例的RELEASE消息格式的概况，它包括一个O型(任选的)DCC信息字段，该字段具有29比特。图4(b)示出了这种29比特的格式的例子。其中的“参数型”(Parameter Type)字段表示该字段是一个DCC信息字段。“数值的数目”(Number of Values)字段指出该消息中有多少个信息单元。“信道”(Channel)字段指出了在其上可以找到一个控制信道的那个频率，而“DVCC”字段提供了数字校验彩色码信息。熟悉本领域的人应该知道，这种信号格式只是一个例子，它可以说明一种提供数字控制信道定位信息的方法，而其他的格式也可以被采用。
图5是按照本发明的一个实施例的蜂窝移动无线电话系统的框图，可以用于实现上述方法。该例中示出的系统有一个基站110和一个移动台120。基站包括一个连接到MSC 140的控制和处理装置130，MSC140则连接到公共电话交换网(未示出)。
用于一个网孔的基站110包括多个由话音信道收发报机150管理的话音信道，收发报机150受到控制和处理装置130的控制。每个基站还包括一个能管理一个以上控制信道的控制信道收发报机160。控制信道收发报机160由控制和处理装置130控制。控制信道收发报机160通过该基站或网孔的控制信道向锁定在该控制信道上的移动台广播控制信息。话音信道收发报机管理着业务或话音信道，如上所述，在业务或话音信道上可以包括数字控制信道定位信息。
当移动台首先进入空闲模式时，它周期性地扫描如基站110那样的基站控制信道，以确定应锁定或驻留在哪个网孔中。移动台120在其话音和控制信道收发报机170中接收在控制信道上所广播的绝对和相对信息。然后由处理装置180对接收到的包括候选网孔特性的控制信道信息进行计算，并确定该移动台应锁定在哪个网孔。接收到的控制信道信息不仅包括涉及有关网孔的绝对信息，还包括与该控制信道有关的网孔邻近的其他网孔的相对信息。在监视主控制信道的同时还要周期性地扫描这些相邻的网孔，以确定是否有一个更合适的候选者。有关移动台和基站实施方式的附加信息可以参见P.Dent和B.Ekelund在1992年10月27日提交的名为“Multi-Mode Signal Processing”的未决美国专利申请第07/967,027号，该文件在本申请中作为参考。
上述的实施例只是为了全面地说明本发明，而不是要限制本发明。尽管上述实施例是针对基站和移动台而言的，本发明还可应用于任何无线通信系统。例如，卫星可以在与诸如便携设备、PCS设备、个人数字助理等等远程设备进行通信的情况下发送和接收数据。
因此，熟悉本领域的人员根据本发明的说明书可以实现许多种实施细节上的变更，所有这些变更和修改均被认为是属于本发明的范围和精神之内，权利要求书限定了本发明的范围。

Claims (31)

1.一种在多个信道中定位控制信道的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
在多个上述信道上广播指向上述控制信道的定位信息；
由移动台读取上述多个信道之一，以获得上述定位信息；以及
由上述移动台使用上述定位信息定位上述控制信道。
2.按照权利要求1的方法，其特征是上述多个信道包括数字业务信道。
3.按照权利要求1的方法，其特征是上述多个信道包括模拟业务信道。
4.按照权利要求1的方法，其特征是上述多个信道包括模拟控制信道。
5.按照权利要求1的方法，其特征是上述广播步骤还包括以下步骤：
提供一个指出上述多个信道的一个子集的参数，将其作为上述定位信息。
6.按照权利要求5的方法，其特征在于还包括以下步骤：
在上述多个信道的上述子集中为各信道进行排队。
7.按照权利要求6的方法，其特征是上述读出步骤还包括：
根据上述排队步骤优先选择上述多个信道中的上述一个信道。
8.按照权利要求1的方法，其特征是上述广播步骤还包括：
提供一个在其上可以找到上述控制信道的频率。
9.按照权利要求1的方法，其特征在于由所述移动台使用上述定位信息监测多个信道中的上述数字控制信道。
10.一种在多个信道中定位一个控制信道的系统，其特征在于包括：
一个基站，它广播上述多个信道，并且在至少某些上述信道上包括定位信息，上述定位信息指向一个控制信道；以及
一个移动台，它读取上述至少某些上述信道之一，以获得上述定位信息，并且随后用上述定位信息定位上述控制信道。
11.按照权利要求10的系统，其特征是上述至少某些上述信道包括数字业务信道。
12.按照权利要求10的系统，其特征是上述至少某些上述信道包括模拟业务信道。
13.按照权利要求10的系统，其特征是上述至少某些上述信道包括模拟控制信道。
14.按照权利要求10的系统，其特征是，上述基站广播一个作为上述定位信息的参数，该参数指向上述多个信道的一个子集。
15.按照权利要求14的系统，其特征是上述基站在上述多个信道的上述子集中为信道进行排队。
16.按照权利要求15的系统，其特征是，上述移动台根据由基站产生的排队顺序优先读出上述信道子集。
17.按照权利要求10的系统，其特征是上述基站广播一个作为上述定位信息的频率，在该频率上可以找到上述控制信道。
18.一种基站，其特征在于包括：
用于广播业务信道和控制信道的装置；以及
用于在至少某些上述控制和业务信道上包含定位信息的装置，上述定位信息指向至少一个上述控制信道。
19.按照权利要求18的基站，其特征是上述至少某些上述控制和业务信道中包括数字业务信道。
20.按照权利要求18的基站，其特征是上述至少某些上述控制和业务信道中包括模拟业务信道。
21.按照权利要求18的基站，其特征是上述某些上述控制和业务信道中包括模拟控制信道。
22.按照权利要求18的基站，其特征是上述定位信息包括一个指向上述信道的一个子集的参数。
23.按照权利要求22的基站，其特征是上述基站还包括：
在上述子集内为信道进行排队的装置。
24.按照权利要求18的基站，其特征是上述定位信息包括一个频率，在该频率上可以找到上述控制信道中的上述至少一个控制信道。
25.一种移动台，其特征在于包括：
从通过空中接口广播的信道中读出指向一条数字控制信道的定位信息的装置；以及
使用上述定位信息调谐上述数字控制信道的装置。
26.按照权利要求25的移动台，其特征是上述信道包括数字业务信道。
27.按照权利要求25的移动台，其特征是上述信道包括模拟业务信道。
28.按照权利要求25的移动台，其特征是上述信道包括模拟控制信道。
29.按照权利要求25的移动台，其特征是上述定位信息包括指向上述信道的一个子集的参数。
30.按照权利要求29的移动台，其特征是上述移动台还包括：
根据上述子集内的信道的预定的顺序优先搜索上述数字控制信道的装置。
31.按照权利要求25的移动台，其特征是上述定位信息包括一个在其上可以找到上述数字控制信道的频率。
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