CN1079127A - 弹性的一次性吸液裤及其制作方法 - Google Patents

弹性的一次性吸液裤及其制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1079127A
CN1079127A CN92114611A CN92114611A CN1079127A CN 1079127 A CN1079127 A CN 1079127A CN 92114611 A CN92114611 A CN 92114611A CN 92114611 A CN92114611 A CN 92114611A CN 1079127 A CN1079127 A CN 1079127A
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Prior art keywords
elastic
ear shape
buttons down
style jacket
shape chinese
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CN92114611A
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CN1066324C (zh
Inventor
R·P·布里奇斯
M·H·哈斯
S·W·米勒
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Abstract

一种弹性的一次性吸液裤及其制作方法,其在正 交布局方向上具有较高的拉伸度并在较大范围内适 应穿用者各种体型。该单件式一次性服装由一张底 片制成,并具有腰部开口、两个腿部开口和一对侧边 接缝,该接缝将底片的前侧部分和底片的后侧部分连 接起来。本发明最好具有一个固定到底片内层上的 吸收衬垫和四个耳状对襟,每一个耳状对襟部具有弹 性,使其在初始拉伸的方向上可弹性延伸。

Description

本发明涉及具有固定侧襟的一次性服装,通过将穿用者的双腿伸入腿部开口并将一次性服装滑移到穿用者下部躯干处,使其在穿用者身上适当就位。这种一次性服装的实例包括用于儿童(例如初学步儿童)或成人的内衣裤,以及可以和诸如止血棉塞或卫生巾之类的月经用品联合使用的一次性的女用短衬裤。本发明特别涉及各种一次性吸收制品,例如吸液(training)裤,失禁衣装(女用短衬裤或贴身短内裤)之类,其具有弹性的耳状对襟。
婴幼儿和其它失禁患者要穿一次性吸收制品以便接收和容留尿液或其他人体渗流物。具有固定侧襟的吸收制品例如一次性吸液裤广泛适用于便溺训练的儿童。目前这种裤必须制作几种不同的尺寸,以适应处于便溺训练年龄段的儿童对不同尺寸的需要。因此,为了较好地满足消费者的需要,一次性吸液裤的制造商必须具有几套不同的制造设备以生产各种尺寸的吸液裤。因此非常需要一种新的设计,使得制造商能够制作“一种尺寸全都适用”的吸液裤,由于适合于非常广泛的不同大小的儿童,基本上满足了消费者的需要。这种需要是,该吸液裤紧密地围绕在较小儿童的腰部和腿部而不致从其围绕下部躯干的位置上掉下、坠下或滑下,而且必须适合于较大儿童,不会引起围绕腰部、腿部和裆部的皮肤不适。因此,一次性吸液裤必须在围绕穿用者的腰部和腿部处是可弹性延伸的,并且弹性元件必须具有高拉伸度。
现有吸液裤已经通过在吸液裤中配置弹性元件制作成可弹性延伸的,其腰部开口和腿部开口至少部分地使用弹性带环绕起来。这种使用弹性元件的方法已公开在Repke等人的美国专利4205679;LaFleur的4610680;Strohbeen等人的4610681,Heran等人的4641381;DouglasSr的4909804以及Meyer的4960414的专利中。虽然,根据这些方法制作的吸液裤适合于在腰部尺寸和腿部尺寸方面的轻微变化,根据这些特定方法制作的吸液裤在适应尺寸范围方面是受到限制的,因为弹性元件不具备高的拉伸度,还因为固定侧襟不是弹性延伸的。
另外一种制作弹性一次性吸液裤的方法公开在颁发给Van Gompel等人的美国专利4490464、4938753、和4938757中。这些专利公开了通过对服装主体的侧边附加单个的可拉伸元件来制作裤类服装。尽管,根据该方法制作的吸液裤使得吸收制品适合于尺寸的轻微变化,但根据该特定方法制作的吸液裤在适应尺寸范围方面是受到限制的,因为该固定侧襟是通过将单个的可拉伸元件固定到服装主体的侧边而形成的,导致产生不起作用的接合区,即主体和单个的可拉伸元件重叠的区域形成既不能延伸又不能吸收的区域。根据这种特定方法制作的吸液裤在适应尺寸范围方面也是受到限制的。因为构成该服装的侧面条状部分的分离的可拉伸元件不具有高的拉伸度。
因而,本发明的目的是提供一种制作具有高拉伸度的弹性的一次性服装的方法,使得该一次性服装适合于尺寸范围广泛的穿用者舒适地穿用。
根据本发明提出的制作一次性服装的方法,该服装至少具有2个,最好4个弹性的耳状对襟。该方法包括提供含有可延伸的耳状对襟的一个底片,该耳状对襟具有固定有其上的弹性元件形成一叠层,机械拉伸叠层使得一旦初始拉伸力从层叠结构上移去时,该耳状对襟是永久性拉伸的,而叠层在初始拉伸的方向上是可弹性拉伸的。
本发明的一次性服装可呈各种不同形式,但其最好包括一个具有一个弹性腰部开口、一对弹性腿部开口、一些弹性耳状对襟的底片,一个包括底层,顶层和吸收芯体的吸收组件以及至少一个不卷边的接逢,该接逢由一些熔接的聚合材料形成,从服装上延伸大约1/16英寸或以下,最好从服装上延伸大约1/32英寸或以下,使得在该一次件服装的前后部分之间拼成一片。
虽然,由说明书可以得出由各权利要求所特别指出的和明确提出权利要求的构成本发明的技术主题,但可确信,结合附图的如下介绍能更好地理解本发明,在各附图中同样的标号表示基本相同的元件,其中:
图1是根据本发明一个实施例构成的一次性吸液裤的透视图,以典型的使用中的形状表示,好像穿在穿用者身上;
图2是根据本发明一个实施例构成的吸液裤的底片的平面图,其部分切除以显示底层结构,形成为一次性服装的外表面的该表面背向观察者;
图3是沿图2中的线3-3所取的底片的部分剖面图;
图4是沿图2中的线4-4所取的底片的部分剖面图;
图5是图2中底片的平面图,在裆部部份已对折,使得前侧部分和后侧部分相重叠;
图5A是图5中的线5A-5A所取的对折底片的部分剖面图;
图6是用于制作本发明接逢的超声波设备的示意侧视图;
图6A是沿图6中的线6A-6A所取的设备的部分剖面图;
图7和图7A是本发明的另外实施例的纵向侧边区域的部分剖示图;
图8是一种设备的简化透视图,该设备采用一种真空式织品约束系统,利用相互啮合的波纹滚轴装置,以机械作用拉伸底片织品的一部分;
图8A是沿图8中的线8A-8A所取的简化视图,所示工作方式为各导向滚轴使底片织品包绕最下部波纹滚轴上;
图8B是在图8中所示的嵌入部分8B处所取的高度放大的视图,表示当底片织品的“零应变”拉伸叠层通过两波纹滚轴之间时,该波纹滚轴彼此之间的啮合程度;
图9是本发明的另一种织品约束系统的一个简化透视图,用于介绍在增量拉伸的过程中的情况;
图9-A是在图9中所示的嵌入部分9A处所取的高度放大的简化的横断面视图,其沿着连系最上部波纹滚轴和最下部波纹滚轴的中心线表示;
图10是本发明另外一个实施例的底片的断面图;以及
图11是本发明另外一个实施例的底片的断面图。
本发明的弹性耳状对襟是作为一次性吸液裤的特定实施例来介绍的。应当理解,本发明还将用于其它类型的吸液裤以及其它型式的一次性服装。
单件式一次性服装是指一种用后即弃去(即不再进行洗熨或其它复原或不再重新使用)且不需要分离的手工操作的零件,例如分离的底片和分离的耳状对襟。一次性服装可以装有吸收组件,其贴身穿在穿用者身上,以接收和容留由人体排出的各种流渗液。在图1中示出作为本发明单性式一次性服装的一个最佳实施例的一次性吸液裤20。吸液裤20包括一个底片14,侧边接逢10和一个吸收组件22。
图2是图1所示一次性吸液裤20的局部切除的透视图,表示在底片14的前侧部分56和后侧部分58用接逢10连接在一起之前的形状。本发明的底片14最好呈对称的改形的滴漏状。底片14至少具有前侧部分56、后侧部分58、裆部部分57、多个纵向侧边区域88和耳状对襟72,还可包括一个弹性耳状对襟元件90,其和每一个耳状对襟72相连接以形成一个利用机械拉伸方法使之具有弹性作用为叠层的耳状对襟,这将在下文详细介绍。吸收组件22固定到底片14之上。
如图2所示,底片14的一个最佳实施例还包括外层48和内层46,还有固定在内层46和外层48之间的弹性耳状对襟元件90、弹性腰带元件76和弹性纤维线105。
外层部分48作为底片14的一部分构成一次性吸液裤20的外表面,即背向穿用者。外层部分48是柔顺、绵软的对穿用者的皮肤不产生刺激不适。适宜的外层可以由范围广泛的材料来制作,例如塑料薄膜或由天然纤维(例如木质纤维或棉质纤维)、合成纤维(例如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维)或天然纤维与合成纤维的综合体构成的织造的或非织造的织品。最好。外层48是疏水性的,并用含大量热塑性纤维来制作,含量一般在50%或其以上,最好为100%。外层最好是一种聚丙烯纤维的片梭制的(carded)非织造的织品。一种适用的外层材料是新泽西州Lan-disville的Scott  Nonwovens所制造的系列6700  Nonwovens。
内层部分46作为底片14的一部分构成底片14的内层,其至少与穿用者的腰部和腿部相接触。内层材料也应是对穿用者的皮肤是柔顺、绵软的不使之产生刺激不适。适宜的内层部分46可以由范围广泛的材料来制作,例如塑料薄膜,或由天然纤维(例如木质纤维或棉质纤维)、合成纤维(例如聚酯纤维或聚丙烯纤维)或天然纤维与合成纤维的综合体构成的织造的或非织造的织品。内层部分46最好用大量热塑性纤维来制作,其含量一般在50%或其以上,最好为100%。内层部分最好也是一种聚丙烯纤维的片梭制的非织造的织品。而且,最好内层部分46是用与外层部分48相同的材料来制作。一种造用的内层材料是新泽西州Landisville的Scott  Nonwovens所制造的系列6700  Nonwovens。
内层部分46最好位置靠近外层部分48,通过诸如在本技术领域所熟知的接合装置(未表示)使其连接起来。例如,可以通过一个均匀的连续的粘接剂层、一个带图形的粘接剂层或分别按直线、螺旋线或点状排列的粘接剂将内层46能够固定到外层48之上。已经证实性能良好的粘接剂是由威斯康星州的ElmGrove的标号为Findley  2031的Findley  Adbesive来制作的。另一方面接合装置可以包括在现有技术已知的热熔接、压力熔接、超声波熔接、动力机械熔接或其它适合接合装置或者上述这些接合装置的综合。在本文所用的术语“连接”含意包括通过将一个元件直接粘接到另外的元件上使该元件固定到其它元件上的整体形态以及将一个元件粘接到中间元件上,而中间元件又依次粘接到另外元件上,使该元件间接固定到其它元件的整体形态。在本发明的优选实施例中,内层部分46和外层部分48间接连接在一起是通过将它们直接连接到弹性耳状对襟元件90、弹性腰带元件76和弹性纤维线105之上以及在延伸在弹性耳状对襟90、弹性腰带元件76和弹性纤维线以外的区域中又彼此直接连接来实现的。
在本发明的最佳实施例中,至少底片的内层和外层46、48的其中一部分要受到机械拉伸,以便提供一个构成弹性耳状对襟30°的“零应变”拉伸叠层。因此,内层46和外层48最好是可伸展的。最好是可拉伸的,但并非必须是弹性的,因此,内层46和外层48在经受机械拉伸之后将至少具有一定的永久拉伸度,使得它们将不会完全返回到它们的原始的非变形的形状。在各优选的各实施例中,内层和外层46、48能够受到机械拉伸,而无过度的破裂或撕裂。因此,在正交布局的方向(侧向)上具有低屈服强度的内层和外层46和48乃是优选的。
一次性吸液裤20的底片14最好还包括一些弹性的腿部套箍32,用以对各种液体或其它身体流、渗出液增进容留。每一个弹性腿部套箍可以包含几种不同的实施方式,用以在腿部区减少各种流、渗体液的泄漏。(该腿部套箍可以是以及有时也称之为腿带、侧向挡带、阻隔套箍或弹性套箍)1975年2月14日颁发给Buell的题目为“一次性尿布的可收缩的侧边部分”的美国专利3860003介绍了一种一次性尿布,其设置的一个可收缩的腿部开口具有一个侧向挡带和一个或几个弹性元件以形成一个弹性腿部套箍(密封套箍)。1990年3月20日颁发给AZIZ和Blaney的题目为“具有弹性挡带的一次性吸收制品”的美国专利4909803介绍了一种具有“直立”的弹性挡带(阻隔套箍)的一次性尿布,用以增进对腿部区域尿液的容留。1987年九月22日颁发给Lawson的题目为“具有双套箍的吸收制品”的美国专利4695278介绍一种具有含密封套箍和阻隔套箍的两种套箍的一次性尿布。1987年11月3日颁发给Buell的题为“一次性腰部容留的服装”的美国专利4704115公开了一种一次性尿布或失禁者用服装,其具有侧边泄漏导向孔道,其成形适于在该服装内部容留随意排出的尿液。上述每一个专利均可在本文参考使用。同时,每一种弹性腿部套箍32都可以与上述任何一种腿带、侧向挡带、阻隔套箍或弹性套箍相似的方式构成,最好每一个弹性腿部套箍32都至少包括一个侧向挡带104以及一根或多根弹性纤维线105。
一次性吸液裤20的底片最好还包括一个弹性腰带34,其至少在后侧部分58中配置在靠近一次性吸液裤的端部边缘64之处,顶好在前侧部分56和后侧部分58中都配置有一个弹性腰带。一次性吸液裤20的腰带所在位置使该裤在靠近穿用者的腰部就位。弹性腰带34具有这样一个元件,其维持一限定的复盖区域、与穿用者的腰部相接触,至少在横向上是可弹性延伸的,以便在动态情况下适当贴着使用者的腰部和使用者的腰部相一致,改善穿用状态。因此,一般腰带作为一次性吸液裤20的一个部分,其从一次性吸液裤20的端部边缘64起至少延伸到吸收芯体28的腰部的边缘83之处。同时,弹性腰带34可以包括一个粘接到一次性吸液裤20的底片14上的分离元件,该腰带最好是一次性吸液裤20的其它元件例如内层46、外层48或这些元件的综合体的延伸,并将一种弹性材料连接到其上。另一方面吸收组件22的顶层和底层26可以延伸到吸收芯体28的边界之外并使一种弹性材料连接到其上以构成一个弹性腰带。一次性吸液裤经常这样构成,其有二个腰带,一个位于前侧部分56,一个位于后侧部分58。一次性吸液裤20至少在后侧部分58的中央区域68处配置弹性腰带34。最好,如图2所示,在前侧部分56配置另一个弹性弯带。另外最好两个弹性腰带34配置在弹性的耳状对襟30之间。
弹性腰带34可以以一些不同的形式构成,包括本文对于弹性侧向衬里所介绍那些形式。在图2所示的本发明的一个最佳实施例中,该弹性腰带34包含一个夹入到内复盖层46和外复盖层48之间的弹性腰带元件76,其以作业方式与内复盖层46和外复盖层48中的一方或两方相连接,以便将一次性吸液裤20的前侧部分56及后侧部分58汇集在一起。本文所用这样一种弹性腰带的实例是在美国专利4515595中所公开的那种弹性腰带,该专利于1985年5月7日颁发给Kievit和Qsterhage,题目为“具有可弹性收缩腰带的一次性尿布”,该专利可结合本文做为参考。
在现有技术领域所熟知的任何适宜弹性材料均可用作本发明的弹性腰带元件76。适宜弹性材料的例子包括弹性薄膜、诸如聚氨酯泡沫材料或交联的天然橡胶泡沫材料之类的弹性泡沫材料,已成形的棉麻制品;诸如热缩性弹性材料之类的弹性薄膜;诸如由一层热缩性弹性薄膜和一个有回弹力的元件所构成的叠层之类的弹性薄膜叠层,诸如如下文所介绍的“零应变”的拉伸层叠物或机械拉伸的予应力拉伸叠层之类的弹性拉伸的层叠物,而弹性纤维线是由橡胶、LYCRA或其它材料制成的。在一个最佳实施例中,弹性腰带元件76包括一个热缩性的弹性薄膜。
在另外一个实施例中,弹性腰带34和弹性耳状对襟30的构成,可以通过将一个单片弹性材料在两个耳状对襟72和后侧部分58的中央区域处固定在一次性服装20上,另外将一个单片弹性材料在两个耳状对襟72和前侧部分56的中央区域固定在一次性服装20上来实现。因此,弹性腰带34和弹性耳状对襟30能够由同一片材料构成,以成为一种单件结构。
在一个最佳实施例中,底片14在前侧部分56和后侧部分58都包括弹性耳状对襟30。弹性耳状对襟30是底片的整体一部分,即它们都不是单独制作的元件固定到底片上,而是由底片材料的延伸形成的。弹性耳状对襟30具有可弹性延伸的特征,使之能够更舒适和合身,不仅在一开始该一次性服装就与穿用者体型相符,而且在整个穿用时期,即使在由于弹性耳状对襟允许一次性服装的侧边扩展和收缩,而使该一次性服装载入流、渗出液时很好地维持这种状况。
如图2所示,每一个耳状对襟72都包括底片14上的那一部分,其由底片14的中央部分68起顺其向外延伸朝向底片14的纵向侧边区域88。耳状对襟72一般从底片14的端部边缘64纵向延伸朝向底片14的纵向边缘62部分延伸使之形成腿部开口(纵向边缘62的这个扇形段标示为腿部边缘106)。在本发明的一个实施例中,每一个耳状对襟是由延伸在底片14的中央区域以外的内层46和外层48的部分构成的。
在本发明的一个最佳实施例中,弹性耳状对襟元件90以操作方式在耳状对襟72处和底片14相连接,其最好介于内层46和外层48之间,使得该弹性耳状对襟元件90允许弹性耳状对襟30在横向(垂直可弹性延伸的)方向上是可弹性延伸的。在本文所用的术语“可弹性延伸的”意指底片的一部分当施加拉力(对耳状对襟和腰带一般为横向拉力)时将至少在一个方向上(对耳状对襟和腰带最好是横向方向)延伸,而当拉力去除时,将复原到其原先的尺寸和形状。一般而言在本发明所使用的弹性材料,当在大约5秒或其以下实行拉伸后并立即使其释开(即一种“快速”弹性)将收缩至少返回到其初始尺寸的75%。
在一个特选的最佳实施例中,弹性耳状对襟90以操作方式通过将弹性耳状对襟元件90连接到内层46、外层48或者两者之上而连接到耳状对襟72上,同时弹性耳状对襟元件90处于基本上未拉伸的状态。至少包含弹性耳状对襟元件90的组合弹性叠层的一部分然后受到机械拉伸,足以使叠层的内层和外层组成部分(非弹性部件)产生永久性的伸长。然后使组合的弹性叠层复原到其基本上的未受拉力的状态。弹性耳状对襟因此形成为一种“零应变”的拉伸叠层。(另一方面,弹性耳状对襟元件可能通过操作方式伴生处于拉伸状态,然后受到机械拉伸,然而,这并不推荐称为“零应变”的拉伸叠层)本文使用的术语“零应变”拉伸叠层是指至少包括两层材料的叠层,它们至少沿着其同时伸展的表面,其中一层固定在另一层之上,而同时处于基本上无拉伸(“零应变”)的状态;其中一层所包含的材料是可拉伸和弹性的(即其在所施加拉力被释开以后,将基本上复原到其未拉伸时的尺寸),而第二层是可拉伸的(但不需要是弹性材体的)便得施加拉力的第二层将至少有一定程度的永久的延伸,当撤去所施加拉力,其将不完全复原到其原来的未变形的形状。所形成的“零应变”拉伸叠层因而至少在达到初始拉伸点处在初始拉伸方向上其反映是可弹性拉伸的。这种“零应变”拉伸叠层实例公开在1937年3月30日颁发给Galligan的美国专利2075189、1962年3月13日颁发给Har-waod的美国专利3025199、1978年8月15日颁发给Sisson的美国专利4107364,1980年6月24日颁发给Sisson的美国专利4209563以及1989年5月30日颁发给Sabee的美国专利4834741中。这些专利的每一个都可结合本文作为参考。
由内层、外层和位于上述内外层之间的弹性材料元件制作“零应变”拉伸叠层的特定优选的方法和设备利用相互啮合的波纹滚轴以便以机械方式拉伸将组件。用于机械拉伸尿布部分的适当设备和方法的论述包含在上文参考的各专利中,计有1978年8月15日颁发给Sisson的美国专利4017364、1989年5月30日颁发给Sabee的美国专利4834741。特定优选的设备和方法介绍在均已给予申请号,正在审查之中的各专利申请中,计有在1991年2月28日由Gerald M。Weber等人提出的P&G Case 4339,题目为“用于增量拉伸一种零应变拉伸叠层织品的改进方法和设备,以便使织品赋予弹性”,序号为07/662536的美国专利申请;1990年2月28日由Kenneth B.Buell等人申请的,P&G Case 4340,题目为“用于增量拉伸”零应变“拉伸叠层织品的改进方法和设备,采用非均匀的方式,赋予织品以可变弹性度”序号为07/662537的美国专利申请;1991年2月28日由Gerald M.Weber等人申请的,P&G Case4341,题目为“用于连续拉伸“零应变”拉伸叠层织品的改进方法和设备,赋予其弹性而不破坏该织品”序号为07/662543的美国专利申请;各说明书及附图中的每一个均可结合本文作为参考。
在图8中表示了一种特定优选的增量拉伸系统的各部件,该系统能够用来制作本发明的“零应变”拉伸叠层的弹性耳状对襟。包括有“零应变”耳状对襟织品的整个组成底片织品810定向通过该增量拉伸系统。
参照图8,包含基本上未拉伸的弹性耳状对襟元件(弹性材料的补缀804)的底片织品810要这样调准,即基本上未拉伸的弹性材料补缀804基本上和在最上部波纹滚轴825上装有的开成波纹或槽状的扇形体824相对齐,调准是当底片织品810在最上部波纹滚轴825的扇形体824与连续开有波纹或槽状的最下部波纹滚轴821之间通过时进行。
同时,在最上部和最上部波纹滚轴上的互补的槽的严格形状、间隔和深度将是变化的,它取决于这样的因素,例如在“零应变”拉伸叠层部分所希望具有的弹性大小,在本发明的一个特定最佳实施例中已经使用:大约0.150英寸的峰到峰的槽距,在峰点所测量的大约12度的夹角;大约0.300英寸的峰到谷的槽深。上述波纹滚轴上的每一个波纹的外部的峰值一般情况下用大约为0.010英寸的半径表示,同时,在相邻波纹之间形成的内槽一般情况下用大约0.040英寸的半径表示。当该波纹滚轴要进行调整时,它们的峰顶彼此交错的深度介于大约0.150英寸到大约0.175英寸之间,在本发明的叠层织品中具有良好弹性特性的情况是将35-50密耳厚的弹性橡胶泡沫材料补缀基本上连续地粘接在非织造的内层与非织造的外层的与之相对的表面上,所述内外层其基准重量为每平方码大约20-30克,并包含有聚丙烯纤维。
在上述各波纹滚轴上的相对峰顶的交错程度当然可以进行调节,当在成形的“零应变”的拉伸叠层织品中希望具有或大或小的延伸度时进行这种调节。对上述滚轴的几何量以及叠层织品结构,峰到峰交错深度范围从小到大约0.050英寸到大至0.225英寸被认为是适宜的。
由图8A可以看出,底片织品810为导向滚轴872、874使之包绕最下部波纹滚轴821,足以复盖工作的真空孔道822(在图8中表示),该部分822与在最下部滚轴821上的每一组连续的槽823直接靠近。真空孔道822之定位使其基本上与最上部波纹滚轴825上的开槽的扇形体824相对准,其在内部经过滚轴821连接到一对真空分支导管826上,当最上部波纹滚轴825上的开槽扇形体824作用在底片织品上时,真空导管826对底片织品810进行空吸。
为了降低粘接剂的堆积,这种粘接剂或则是用于将未拉伸的弹性材料补缀804固定到内层织品805和外层织品806上,或则是用于将内层织品和外层织品的重合部分彼此固定的;在最上部滚轴825上的开槽扇形体824和在最下部滚轴821上的各连续槽823或则可以包含一种低摩擦材料,例如TEFLON,或则用一种自润滑的低摩擦材料来涂复,这种材料例如是标号503  Permalon偏氯乙烯树脂喷涂剂,可由伊利诺斯州Morris的MicroSurface  Corporation购得。
在最下层滚轴821上的真空孔道822最好用诸如0.090英寸孔眼的峰窝结构844的多孔材料来复盖,用以支撑受到真空作用的底片织品810的那些部分,并用以提供一个与织品良好吸紧的表面,以便当织品受到真空作用时,实际上防止织品横越峰窝结构表面的横向错动或运动。
在最佳情况下,能够赋予包含弹性材料补缀804的耳状对襟的“零应变”部分的最大增量拉伸程度,由最上部波纹滚轴825的扇形体的各槽与最下部波纹滚轴821上的各连续槽823之间的啮合深度来确定。然而,已经发现,当织品在相互啮合的波纹滚轴之间通过时,除非基本上防止该拉伸叠层织品在基本上平行于织品拉伸的方向上产生错动或收缩,否则最佳增量拉伸度是不能实现的。因而在其大多数最佳实例中织品增量拉伸操作是在包括“零应变”拉伸叠层的所有三层中的最外层部分受到约束的情况进行的,如在图8B的横断面处所示,以便当织品在各套连续配置的相互啮合的波纹滚轴之间通过时,基本上防止底片的“零应变”拉伸叠层部分在与所希望的拉伸方向相平行的方向上产生错动或收缩。
然而,假如需要,本发明也可以进行改进,即仅约束组件的可延伸或可拉伸的一层或多层,并非绝对要求在增量拉伸操作过程中,弹性材料补缀的最外侧部分也要约束。在后一个例子中,在增量拉伸过程中,该可延伸或可拉伸的组件的一层或多层依然是永久性延伸的,当拉伸应力去除时,在所形成的“零应变”拉伸叠层织品中Z方向上的隆起可能比所说的稍小。这是由于在这样一个过程中,该弹性材料补缀承受较小的初始拉伸度。自然,当其复原到其未变形的形状时,其仅进行等量的收缩。
上述类型的“零应变”拉伸叠层实施例,还可能在可延伸的织品中出现某种程度局部不均衡的变形,特别是在直接靠近弹性材料补缀的相反的边缘的区域内。在采用不透明聚合物的内层织品或外层织品的情况下,这些不均衡变形的部分可能变得足够薄,以致甚至出现透明,尽管没有发生断裂。在这种情况下,该底片织品的“零应变”拉伸叠层部分的功能度(例如不透水性)是不会削弱的。后一种类型的实例一般应用在这样一些场合,该成形的一次性服装的“零应变”拉伸叠层部分的从审美来看的外表或则通过设计或构成为该一次性服装时使该外表藏而不见,或则即使可见对该一次性服装的穿用者无关紧要。
在本发明的另外一个实施例中,甚至可延伸的非弹性织品的一处或多处断裂,可能也不会使成形的“零应变”拉伸叠层织品对其予期实用效果变得不可接受(例如,吸收组件的底层或顶层的一部分组成叠层织品的一个组件,底层或顶层的断裂,并不一定破坏叠层织品的予定使用功能,只要在叠层织品中的另一片在成衣制品中还具有所希望的功能)。例如,在可延伸的底层织品中出现的某种程度的断裂,假如弹性材料补缀包含不透水材料,就并不会破坏成形底片织品的隔水性。这一点,对所谈论的各片之间使用基本上连续粘接方式的那些“零应变”拉伸叠层织品的实例,是特别实际的,因为在增量拉伸之后,各片之间相对紧密的彼此粘接将使通过一次性服装的最终使用者检查这种片层损坏是很困难的。
在图8-8B中所示的,由真空孔道822经过多孔蜂窝结构材料844作用在底片织品810上的空吸作用力基本上防止了包含基本上未拉伸的弹性材料804的底片织品的那些部分,在向内的横向方向上产生错动或收缩,这种防止错动的情况发生在该织品在最下部波纹滚轴821上的连续槽823与最上部波纹滚轴825上的带槽的扇形体824的相互啮合部分之间通过的时候。
因为包含弹性材料补缀804的底片织品810的“零应变”拉伸叠层部分,在贯穿该织品连续拉伸操作过程中都在横向上受到约束,位于在各约束点中间的“零应变”拉伸叠层织品的所有部分,当该织品在最下部波纹滚轴821上的连续各槽823与最上部波纹滚轴825上开槽的扇形物824的啮合部分之间通过时,要受到基本上均匀的增量拉伸。
通过迫使固定到弹性材料补缀上的可延伸的内层复盖和外层复盖织物,在拉伸操作过程中承受全部可能的延伸,这不仅使织品增量拉伸操作的有效性达到最大,而且也基本上防止了内层和/或外层织品的不均衡的过强拉伸。这是由于将该内外层固定在直接靠近弹性材料补缀的相对的周边部分。
图9介绍了可以采用的另外一种织品增量拉伸系统。在图9所示的织品增量拉伸系统中,一对可弹性压缩的圆盘940安装靠近最上部的波纹滚轴925的开槽的扇形体924的每一侧。该可压缩圆盘940具有足够大的直径,使得它们紧密地压紧底片织品910并将其可靠保持贴在最下部波纹滚轴921的相重合的未开槽部分,如在图9A的剖面图所示。与图8中所示实例的真空孔道和多孔蜂窝结构材料相似,由可压缩圆盘和最下部滚轴921的与之相重合的未开槽部分所产生的夹紧作用,基本上防止了包含有弹性材料补缀904的底片织品910的该部分,当织品在相互啮合的波纹滚轴之间通过时,在与拉伸方向平行的方向上产生收缩。图9实施例能够同样便利地应用在包含对空气通道而言或则是透气或则是不透气的织品的叠层结构上。
正如本领域熟练技术人员所理解的,上述各约束方法可以单个采用,也可以相互综合采用,以便在制作本文介绍的成形底片织品的成形“零应变”拉伸叠层部分时产生效益。
由本文所作介绍,很明显,这种改进的方法和设备可以采用以有利于制作范围广泛的各种一次性服装,或则包括整体的或则包括一个或几个分离的“零应变”拉伸叠层织品部分。
还要认识到,在附图中介绍的一对相互啮合的波纹滚轴,其波纹以基本上彼此平行的方式调准的同时,本发明可以同样便利地用于这样一对波纹滚轴,其中的波纹部分并不全是彼此定向平行的。还有,在这样一对波纹滚轴上的波纹部分并不必然要求调准到平行于布局的或正交布局的方向上。例如,假若在利用本文介绍的“零应变”拉伸叠层技术制作的一次性服装中,希望有一个曲线的腰带或腿带部分,在使用于增量拉伸该底片织品的“零应变”叠层织品部分的一对波纹滚轴上的啮合齿,可以按照所希望的曲线形状布置排列。以便沿着所希望的曲线轮廓而不是以一条直线灵活运行。
还要意识到,在本文介绍的优选方法采用相互啮合的圆柱形波纹滚轴的同时,该织品约束原理也可以实施在使用断续压印的操作中,使用相互啮合的平板以增量拉伸所述织品或制品的“零应变”拉伸叠层部分。在后一种情况下,在相互啮合的平板对织品能够施加足够的作用力使之在平行于拉伸方向的方向上产生错动或收缩之前,仅有的要求是,该要进行增量拉伸的“零应变”拉伸叠层织品部分要由适当的真空或夹紧装置进行足够的约束。
弹性耳状对襟元件90或则利用断续粘接方式或则利用基本连续粘接方式,或则与内层46、外层48或则与这两者连接在一起。本文所用的一种“断续”粘接叠层织品意指这样一种叠层织品,其中各片在分离的间隔点上彼此初步粘接,或是这样一种制品,其中的各片基本上未在分离的间隔区域内彼此粘接。相反地,一种“基本连续地”粘接叠层织品意指这样一种叠层织品,其中的各片在遍及接触面积范围内,基本上连续地彼此初步粘接。对于“零应变”叠层织品,该断续粘接方式一般在那样一些情况下是希望采用的,即在叠层中的基本非弹性织品是相对可延伸或可拉伸的且无断裂,以及在成形叠层中希望具有较高的Z方向隆起度。对于“零应变”叠层织品,连续粘接方式一般在这样场合是所希望的,即成形的叠层的Z方向隆起度并不是首要的,在叠层中的一个或多个相对非弹性的织品要不产生断裂是难于延伸或拉伸的。在后一种情况下,基本上连续的粘接方式使该叠层的所有各层在经历增量拉伸操作之后仍维持彼此之间的相对紧密的粘接状态。因此,即使相对非弹性的织品的一处或多处,在增量拉伸操作过程中因有断裂点而受到损伤,由于相对非弹性的一个或多个织品的受损伤部分对弹性材料片层的相对紧密的粘接,使得最终穿用者难于意识到已经发生任何损伤。倘若,相对非弹性的一个或多个织品的断裂并没有使织品失去予期的功能(例如不透水性),在增量拉伸操作过程中,该相对非弹性的一个或多个织品所产生的损伤一般并不会作为一个消极事物在最终制品中被察觉。
因此,在特定优选的“零应变”拉伸叠层织品中由于使用一种连续粘接方式而产生的意想不到的好处是,它使得一次性服装的制造商可以从更广泛范围的相对非弹性织品中进行选择,以便在本发明的叠层制品中成功地使用。在本质上,它允许在本发明的“零应变”拉伸叠层织品中采用相对非弹性的织品,而这种织品在一般情况下在很大程度上并不认为是可拉伸的。因此,除非采用其它的方式表达,本文所用的术语“可拉伸的”并不打算排除这样的相对非弹性织品,该织品在增量拉伸操作过程中受到一定程度的变薄或损伤。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,弹性耳状对襟元件90利用一种粘接剂和内层46以及外层48两者都以基本连续的方式粘接在一起。可使用一种粘接剂涂复器来在外层48和/或内层46的一些予定区域内涂复一层基本上连续的粘接剂,该区域正是基本上未拉伸的弹性耳状对襟元件90将要放置的地方。在一特定的最佳实施例中,所选择的粘接剂是可拉伸的,粘接剂涂复器包括熔喷式敷料系统。
这样一种特别适用于制作基本上连续粘接的“零应变”拉伸叠层织品的熔喷式敷料系统是一种型号为GM-50-2-1-GH的熔喷涂复器,可由乔治亚州的J  &  M  Laboratories  of  Gainesville购得。这种最新系统采用在每英寸直线上具有20个孔口的喷嘴,如在正交布局方向上所测量的,每一个孔口其测量直径大约0.020英寸。一种由威斯康星州的Findley  Adhesives  of  Elm  Grove购到的Findley H-2247  Hot  Melt  Adhensive(热熔性粘接剂)最好加热到大约340°F,并按照每平方英寸大约7.5-10毫克的比率涂复到内层和/或外层上。温度大约425°F、压力大约50表压的加热压缩空气经过在粘接剂喷头中二级孔口排出,该二级孔口用于在沉积操作过程中帮助均匀分布粘接剂微丝。
此外,弹性耳状对襟元件90和任何其它包含该一次性吸液裤20的“零应变”部份的组件都可以用非热粘接剂、热熔接、压力熔接、超声波熔接、动力机械熔接或任何其它在现有技术中熟知的方法,以断续或连续方式彼此粘接起来。
弹性耳状对襟元件90可以采取一些不同的尺寸、形状、结构或材料。例如弹性耳状对襟30可以由一个或一些弹性耳状对襟元件90以操作方式和每一个耳状对襟72相连接;弹性耳状对襟元件可以具有各种不同的宽度和长度;或者弹性耳状对襟元件可以包含由弹性材料作成的相对细的纤维线或较大面积的弹性材料补缀。一种发现特别适于作弹性耳状对襟元件90(特别是对“零应变”拉伸叠层)的弹性材料是这样一种弹性泡沫材料,它具有至少达到大约延伸400%才会断的延伸率,作用在样品宽度上拉力至少大约为每英寸200克,在其未变形长度上产生50%的延伸。已经发现适用于作弹性耳状对襟元件的典型的弹性泡沫材料包括:(a)最好具有厚度为大约35密尔、密度为每立方英尺13.3磅(0.214克/厘米3)的交联的天然橡胶泡沫材料,例如可由罗得岛的Middletown的Fulflex Inc得到;或从俄亥俄州的Ludlow Composites Corporation of Fremont得到;或(b)厚度大约为80密尔,密度大约为每立方英尺2.06磅(0.033克/厘米3)的聚氨酯泡沫塑料,例如可由日本的Yokohama的Bridgestone得到,以及以商标名称Bridgestone销售的聚氨酯泡沫塑料,或者可由新泽西州的General Foam of Paramus可购得,以及标号为Polyurethane Foam No 40310的聚氨酯泡沫材料。其它适用于作弹性尺状对襟元件90的弹性材料包括:“原状的”合成物或天然橡胶,其它合成的或天然的橡胶泡沫材料,弹性薄膜(包括可热缩性弹性薄膜),弹性棉麻制品,弹性织造或非织造品,诸如弹性非织造叠层制品的弹性组合物等等。
如图1所示,弹性耳状对襟元件90包含一个弹性材料补缀(弹性补缀),其最好延伸通过在前侧部分和后侧部分56、58中的耳状对襟72的整个长度范围。此外,该弹性耳状对襟元件90最好从底片14的端部边缘64向内延伸到耳状对襟72的腿部边缘106。弹性耳状对襟元件90的长度和宽度由该一次性服装的功能设计要求确定。与弹性耳状对襟元件90最好延伸经过耳状对襟72的整个长度范围的同时,该弹性对襟耳状对襟元件90也可以仅延伸经过耳状对襟72长度的一部分。
已经发现,延伸特性包括:延伸力、延伸模数以及可达到拉伸率(延伸率);收缩力、弹性蠕动(creep);弹性带变以及耳状对襟30的收缩率,在制作弹性耳状对襟30和一次性服装两方面都是重要的考虑因素。拉伸特性提供穿用者在穿着过程中总的感受的“松紧度”。具有相对高的拉伸模数的弹性耳状对襟能够在穿用者的皮肤上产生红印。另一方面,相对低的拉伸模数的则可能在穿用者身上引起下垂/滑动。具有太小的可拉伸率的弹性耳状对襟可能达不到对人体舒适程度的适当水准,可能使该一次性服装对穿用者感到不舒适而难于穿用。具有弹性耳状对襟的一次性服装,如果收缩力十分低或者弹性蠕动或弹性滞变不佳,可能不会就位在穿用者身上,可能在穿用者身上下垂/滑动,导致不合身和封闭不良。
对于本发明的弹性耳状对襟30,已经发现拉伸力和拉伸模数的拉伸特性最好在限定的范围内。拉伸力最好为每英寸直线长度50-300克。在拉伸过程所产生的拉伸力的最佳值为产生20%-300%延伸率下的拉伸力值。
由所达到拉伸计量在弹性耳状对襟中所需要材料的最大数量,而这一可逆伸缩要在穿用过程中与穿用者的身体相适应。因此,所需要的拉伸量与为使服装适合于穿用者所需要的最大延伸量有关;此外,还与根据穿用者身体制作的服装所达到的可复原的最大延伸量有关。所需要的拉伸率由下述方程计算:[(服装的最大周长-穿用者的周长)÷穿用者的周长]×100。对于使用弹性耳状对襟的一次性服装应用场合所需要可达到的拉伸率的最小数量,最好是至少大约35%的所得的拉伸率,这一数值对从大约22磅到大约38磅的儿童所适用的所谓“一种尺寸一适于全体”的服装是适宜的。
由弹性耳状对襟作用在穿用者身上的持续的收缩力(压力)的数值是弹性耳状对襟的一个重要特性。收缩力不足的弹性耳状对襟可能导致吸液裤在穿上和加载后滑落。相反,过量收缩力可能对穿用者减少舒适感并在穿用者的皮肤上产生压印。收缩力用当放松处于某一特定拉伸下的弹性组件时所产生的每单位宽度的作用力来测量。在本发明的优选实施例中,弹性耳状对襟的收缩力最好至少是在10%延伸率下时大约50克/英寸(10%延伸率即将一个样品延伸到其原长的1.1倍)。
典型的弹性材料在其应力变变特性曲线上显示有一个力的滞后回线。即是,对一给定的延伸率,为了使弹性材料在单轴方向上延伸所需要的作用力(拉力)大于弹性材料作用的力(收缩力),该收缩力是指当由该材料的予拉伸状态收缩时发生的。前一曲线可称“加载曲线”,后一曲线可称为“减载曲线”。当弹性耳状对襟被拉伸以便使服装穿在穿用者的身上时,“加载”拉伸力(拉力)会由穿用者或幼儿父母所感知。一旦衣服穿上,穿用者会更密切地感觉该“减载”收缩力(收缩力)。因此,滞后损失将不是这样大,因为如收缩力低,足以使穿在穿用者身上的服装下垂/滑落。
所有的弹性材料承受持续的应力/应变时都会有随时间减弱的力出现(即弹性蠕动)。因此,希望确保这种穿着附着力始终不要低于保证穿着稳定的最低值。该弹性蠕动应当保持在一最小值。在本发明的一个最佳实施例中,弹性材料的最终长度在拉伸持续30分的情况下不要超过原有长度的大约1.2倍。
当在横向上拉伸时,弹性耳状对襟30还可能沿着纵轴方向产生不同的延伸率。本文所使用的术语“不同的延伸率”是用来意指具有一定不均匀度的弹性延伸特性的材料,是在沿着与拉伸方向基本相垂直的一个轴的拉伸方向上,在各个不同的点处测量该特性的。例如,可以包括改变弹性材料的弹性模数和/或可拉伸率。在设计弹性耳状对襟30时最好考虑到其不同的拉伸率,因此,通过弹性耳状对襟的至少一部分,横向拉伸率会在纵向上产生变化,所述部分是从一次性吸液裤20的端部边缘64到耳状对襟的腿部边缘106。不希望受到任何理论的约束,可以确信,当在横向拉伸时,沿纵轴方向的不同拉伸会使弹性耳状对襟产生不同的拉伸并在穿用过程中适合于穿用者的腰部,与此同时,围绕穿用者的臀部通过提供一个保险扣,用以增进持续的合身程度并减少在腰部和腿部的泄漏。这样一种结构形式,当穿用者运动或改变姿势(站、座、卧)时,可以使得在臀部区域更“松展”,以适应穿用者体形尺寸的变化。在另外一个实施例中,在弹性耳状对襟的靠近该一次性吸液裤20的端部边缘64的部分中的一定程度降低的横向延伸率要求弹性腰带34更多地承担总的延伸量。因此,导致更集中地拉伸腰带34并适宜地顺应腹部。
可以用一些不同的方式得到不同的延伸率。可以使弹性耳状对襟30具有多种复合弹性材料、对各种弹性材料使用多种结构形式,弹性材料或其它材料具有各种延伸特性,或者是制作弹性耳状对襟的材料可以是不均匀的。例如,通过使用具有各种不同拉伸率或收缩力,弹性模数或其它固有特性的弹性材料;在靠近所选择的弹性耳状对襟部分可以得到不同的延伸率,使得在弹性耳状对襟的一个部分中得到比该靠近部分或多、或少(变化)的横向延伸率。弹性材料也可以具有各种不同的长度、大少和形状,以便提供不同的延伸率。其它改变用于制作弹性耳状对襟的材料特性的方法,凡是在本领域中所公知也可以采用。
用于赋予“零应变”拉伸叠层以一定程度可变延伸率的特定优选方法和设备,是使“零应变”拉伸叠层通过至少一套相互啮合的波纹滚轴,至少一个波纹滚轴,沿着其与“零应变”拉伸叠层织品相接触的一点或多点处具有不均匀断面的波纹。因此,在该套滚轴之间通过的叠层织品的该部分被不均匀地拉伸。这又依次制作出这样一种“零应变”拉伸叠层,其在与不均匀断面的波纹部分基本垂直的方向上弹性是不均匀的。
在图2所示底片的一个最佳实施例中,作为底片14一部分的纵向侧边区域88从耳状对襟72横向向外延伸到底片14的纵向边缘62。纵向侧边区域88一般从底片14的端部边缘64纵向延伸到底片14的纵向边缘62部分以此形成一个腿部开口(纵向边缘62的这个孤形部分标作腿部边缘106)。另一方面,纵向侧边区域88可以包括一个固定到底片14的耳状对襟72上分离元件。纵向侧边元件最好是底片14的其它元件的一个延伸,这些其它元件诸如内层46,外层48,顶层24或底层26或者这些元件的各种组合。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,每一个纵向侧边部分88都是由内层46和外层48的延伸超出耳状对襟72以外的部分构成的。
再次参阅图1,接逢10最好是通过将前侧部分56的纵向侧边部分88和后侧部分58的纵向侧边部分88连接在一起而构成的。可以用一些不同的方法形成接逢10。例如,接逢10的形成可以通过使各纵向侧边区域88向外延伸的部分粘接在一起,以形成一个向外延伸的夹层接逢;通过使各纵向侧边区域88向内延伸的部分粘接在一起,以形成一个向内延伸的夹层接逢;纵向侧边区域88可以重叠连接在一起,或者纵向侧边区域88可以利用在本领域所熟知的其它接缝结构形式使之粘接在一起。通过对在纵向侧边区域88所使用特定材料相适宜的,在本领域所熟知的任何适当装置可以进行粘接,因此,超声密封、热密封、粘接剂粘接、缝纫等都是合用的技术。这些接缝技术的实例公开在1982年10月26日颁发给Jones等人的美国专利4355425、1986年10月28日颁发给Roberts的美国专利4619649以及1990年3月20日颁发给Douglas的美国专利4909804中。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,一次性服装是在裆部57处将底片对折形成的,使得前侧部分56的纵向侧边区域88与后侧部分58的纵向侧边区域88基本上相重合,如图5所示形成两个接缝区域40。图5A表示接缝区域40的一个最佳实施例,该区域包括前侧部分56的纵向侧边区域88和后侧部分58的纵向侧边区域88。最好,构成接缝区域的各层材料具有相近的熔点。顶好接缝区域的每一层是由同样材料制作的。在一个优选实施例中,接缝区域的每一层包含100%的聚丙烯纤维。
接缝10的形成最好通过利用足够的机械能切除接缝区域40的一部分对接缝区域加工的方式形成,与此同时,将靠近切口的狭窄边缘区域熔化。该熔化的边缘区域是一个相对狭小的区域并带一个成型的不卷边的接缝。本文所用的术语“无卷边接缝”是指从一次性吸液裤20延伸大约1/16“或其以下的一种接缝。最好,该无卷边接缝从该服装延伸大约1/32”或其以下。在一个最佳实施例中,无卷边接缝基本上是介于底片14的前侧部分56和后侧部分58之间的一个拼接部分。本文所用术语“拼接”是指将两片材料端对端进行连接持续一段长度的动作或结果,使得连接处的厚度不大于或不甚大于两片状材料的厚度。
虽然,有相当多的证据指出:普通的能量形式是机械能,还有许多可以认为是非机械能的能量形式,例如热能、电能和化学能。然而,本文所用的术语“机械能”用来是指机械能(例如用于超声波熔接或自生压力熔接的能量)以及热能(例如使用热密封的能量)。最好使用超声波能量同时切割和熔接接缝区域40,以制作生成本发明的接缝10。
最好,利用超声波设备将机械能输入到接缝区域40。一台超声波设备一般包括一个超声波转换单元,其经过一个电容器从电能源接收高频电能。转换单元包含压电传感材料,用以响应高频输入功率使幅射体产生机械振动,该幅射体相对于一个用作反射砧的支承表面振动。
图6是一个优选的超声波设备的侧向示意图,总体用600标示。超声波幅射体650具有一个工作端头并连接到一个超声波转换单元645,该单元从电能源(未示出)接收高频电能。幅射体650的工作端头652通过安装在辅助旋转轴656上的反射砧654形成对置所示一次性服装的对折的底片614正在工作端头652和反射砧654之间通过。超声波幅射体650工作超声波频率范围最好在大约20KHz到大约40KHz,不过正常工作在16到100KHz的其它频率范围也是适宜的。
图6A表示图6中的接缝设备600的横剖面。所示对折的底片614的接缝区域40正在反射砧654和工作端头652之间通过,同时幅射体650往复振动,即朝向和远离反射砧654振动。超声波设备600的超声波能量使得接缝区域40的聚合材料的各层变软并具流动性,在第一次区域658使接缝区域40变薄或受切割。同时,熔化的接缝区域40在靠近第一区域658的变薄边缘区域处形成熔质660。当接缝区域40的部分664从一次性吸液裤20上已经被切离时,将作为边角料处理,接缝区域40的662部分的熔质660仍然作为一次性吸液裤20的部分,提供给该一次性吸液裤20作为成形接缝10,其实际上是介于前侧部分56和后侧部分58之间的一个拼接部分。
优选的接缝设备660的反射砧654,如图6A表示具有一个接触刃口670。接触刃口的宽度用字母W’来标注。最好为0.030英寸。反射砧654还有与接触刃口670构成某一角度的斜面刃口680。斜面刃口的角度用字母A来标注,最好大约为15°。反射砧654的宽度用字母W来标注,最好为大约0.100英寸。反射砧的高度用字母H来表示,最好大约为0.100英寸。
不受任何特定理论的约束,可以确信,超声波幅射体650通过它的高速低幅振荡,产生集中定位的摩擦损耗,其热量使得接缝区域40的聚合纤维软化并熔化。这种熔融或熔化作用是非常快速的并只产生在这样一个精确限定的范围内,留下周围材料使之基本上不受影响。
利用超声波能量加工材料的方法和设备的实例公开在:1972年4月18日颁发给Sager的美国专利3657033,其题目为“用于连续切割和连接热塑料性片状材料的方法和设备;1983年8月23日颁发给Riemersma的美国专利4400227,1984年2月7日颁发给Schaefer的美国专利4430148、1985年12月24日颁发给Flood的美国专利4560427;其题目为“超声波密封和切割方法和设备”以及1987年9月15日颁发给Payet等人的美国专利4693771,其题目为“利用超声波切割和密封边缘的纺织纤维制品以及制作织品的设备和方法”;所有这些专利均可结合本文作为参考。1969年7月22日颁发给Tuma等人的美国专利3457132,其题目为“在一次操作中用于分离和密封具有可热密封的封装材料的织品的设备”介绍了利用热能,分离和密封具有可热密材料的方法和设备。这些材料也可结合本文作为参考。
本发明人已经发现:当加工本发明的狭小无卷边接缝时,最好接缝区域40的各聚合材料层具有相近的熔点。顶好,接缝区域40由相同的聚合材料层构成。在一个优选实施例中,接缝区域的每一层都是非织造的包含100%聚丙烯纤维。
本发明的无卷边接缝的强度可以通过使用具有较高标准重量的聚合材料来提高。假如纵向侧边区域88的材料很薄,接缝区域40可能所含材料不足以形成一个适当的接缝,即接缝可能对服装来说强度不够。在这种情况下,可将附加材料层加入到该纵向侧边区域88中使得接缝区域包含足够的材料以形成适当的接缝。在图7和图7A的部分片断剖面图中,表示本发明的一个实施例,在纵向侧边区域88中加入附加材料层,因而也就是接缝区域40中加入附加材料。图7表示内层46被对折越过外层48于纵向侧边区域88,以便在纵向侧边区域88形成三层材料。图7A表示外层48被对折越过内层46于纵向侧边区域88,以便在纵向侧边区域88形成三层材料。
图11表示本发明的另一个实施例,其中的底片14包括外层48,该外层对折以包封弹性耳状对襟元件90并形成纵向侧边区域88。吸收组件22固定到外层48之上,它包括顶层24、底层26和吸收芯体28。
吸液裤20还包含一个吸收组件22。一次性吸液裤20的吸收组件22是一个衬垫,即它是与底片是分别构成的一个元件并夹入到其中。吸收组件22是任何形式的吸收装置,其一般是可压缩的,对人体皮肤是相适合的,非刺激性的,并且能够吸收和容留诸如尿和其它某些身体流、渗出液之类的液体。
如图2所示,一次性吸收液裤20的吸收组件22最好包括一个吸收芯体28和一个包括顶层24和底层26的外复盖层。吸收组件22最好靠近内层46定位并最好利用本领域所熟知的附着装置(未示出)将其连接到内层上。适合的附着装置将下文关于将底层26连接到吸收芯体28上时予以介绍。
吸收芯体28可以是任何形式的吸收装置,其一般应是可压缩的,对人体皮肤是相适合的非刺激性的,并能吸收和容留诸如尿和其它某些身体流、渗出液之类的液体。如图2和图4所示,吸收芯体28具有服装侧表面100,身体侧表面101,侧向边缘部分82和端部边缘部分83。
吸收芯体28可以按照各种尺寸和形状的种类(例如矩形、滴漏形、T形、非对称形等等)以及各种种类的液体吸收材料来制造,这些材料一般用在一次性尿布和其它吸收制品中,例如一般称之为气毡(airfelt)的碎木浆。其它适宜的吸收材料的实例包括:绉化纤维填料,包括共生的(coform)、交联的纤维素纤维的吹熔聚合物,包含薄纱包卷的织物,吸收泡沫材料、吸收海棉、超吸收聚合物,吸收胶体材料或任何等效材料或各材料的综合。吸收芯体的形式和结构也可以是多种多样的(例如,吸收芯体可以具有各种不同的厚度区、亲水变化率、超吸收变化率或低平均密度和低平均标准重量添加物区;或可包括一或多层或多种结构)。吸收芯体28的总吸收容量应当和设计载荷以及该一次性吸液裤20的予定需求相适应。还有,吸收芯体28的大小和吸收容量也可以变化以适应从幼儿到成年人分布的穿用者的要求。
吸收组件22的一个优选实施例具有一个对称的,变化了的滴漏形吸收芯体28。另一方面,吸收组件22的一个优选实施例具有一个变化了的滴漏形吸收芯体28,应当理解,吸收芯体28的大小、形状、结构形式和总的吸收容量是变化的以适应从幼儿到成年人分布的穿用者的要求。因此,吸收芯体的尺寸、形状和结构方式是变化的(例如,吸收芯体可以不同的厚度,亲水性变化率、可以包含或可以不包吸收胶体材料)。用作本发明的吸收芯体28的示例性吸收结构,其已经获得广泛认同及商业成功的公开在1986年9月9日颁发给Weisman和Goldman的,题目为“高密度吸收结构”的美国专利4610678;1987年6月16日颁发给Weisman Houghton和Gellert的,题目为“具有双层芯体的吸收制品”的美国专利4673402;1989年5月30日颁发给Alemany和Berg的,题目为“具有低密度和低标准重量的添加物区的高密度吸收元件”的美国专利4834735;1989年12月9日颁发给Angstadt的,题目为“具有吸尘层的吸收芯体”的美国专利4888231;对吸收结构所作介绍对本发明是很有用的。每一篇参考文件都可结合本文作为参考。吸收芯体28最好是气毡的胎芯和吸收胶体材料的制品,其尺寸大约13厘米宽(横向尺寸),大约37厘米长(纵向尺寸),横跨裆部57的最窄部分大约8厘米。最好,一般位于在前侧部分56和裆部部分57的吸收芯体部分将具有比一般位于在后侧部分58的吸收芯体部分更高的标准重量。而且,最好是一般位于在前侧部分56和裆部部分57的吸收芯体部分所具有的标准重量三倍于位于在后侧部分58的吸收芯体部分所具有的标准重量。在吸收芯体28的一个优选实施例中,一般位于在前侧部分56和裆部部分57的吸收芯体,大约25.4厘米长,标准重量大约每平英寸0.69克;而一般位于在后侧部分58的吸收芯体,11.4厘米长,标准重量大约每平英寸0.23克。
底层26位置靠近吸收芯体28的服装侧表面100,并且最好利用现有技术所熟知的附着装置(未示出)使其相连接。例如,底层26可以利用均匀的连续粘接剂层、呈图形状粘接剂层或分别按直线螺旋线或点状排列的粘接剂图形固定到吸收芯体28之上。已经发现满意的粘接剂是由俄亥俄州的Century  Adhesives,Inc  of  Columbus以及市场销售的Century5227以及明尼苏达州的H.B.Fuller  Company  of  ST.Paul以及市场销售的HL-1258来制造的。附着装置最好包括一个粘接剂细丝的开放式图形网状物,其公开在1986年3月4日颁发给Minetola和Tucker的,题目为“一次性水容留式服装”的美国专利4573986中,结合本文,可供参考。一种细丝的开放式图形网状物的示例附着装置包括几行卷入到螺旋图形网状物中粘接剂细丝,例如通过如下专利中所示设备和方法予以介绍,这些专利是1975年10月7日颁发给Sprague的美国专利3911173;1978年11月2日颁发给Ziecker的美国专利4785996;1989年6月27日颁发给Werenicz的美国专利4842666。每一个专利均可结合本文作为参考。另外,附着装置可以是热熔接、压力熔接、超声波熔接、动力机械熔接或任何其它适合的附着装置或者现有技术所熟知的各种附着装置的综合。
底层26对液体(例如尿)是不可浸透的,最好由薄塑料膜来制作,虽然,其它柔性不透水性材料也可使用。本文所用的术语“柔性的”是指一种材料是柔顺的,并且易于和人体的外形和轮廓相符合。底层26防止在吸收芯体28中吸收和容留的排、渗出液弄湿与一次性吸液裤20相接触的例如床单和内衣之类的制品。底层26可以包括织造或非织造材料,诸如聚乙烯或聚丙烯热塑性薄膜之类的聚合物薄膜或者薄膜-涂复的非织造材料之类的复合材料。最好,该底层是一种厚度大约为0.012mm(0.5密尔)到0.051mm(2.0密尔)的薄膜。
底层26的尺寸根据吸收芯体28的尺寸和所选择的精确的一次性服装设计的尺寸来确定。在一最佳实施例中,底层26至少围绕吸收芯体包卷,并且至少在裆部57能够包卷越过顶层24的边缘部分,使得弹性腿部套箍32不受底层材料的影响,因此不受底层材料的限制。另外,顶层24也可围绕芯体包卷并至少在裆部部分57在底层26的边缘部分之下包卷,或者顶层24和底层26可以在裆部部分57“侧向开槽”,使得弹性腿部套箍32不受底层材料的限制。
顶层24位置靠近吸收芯体28的身体侧表面101,并且利用现有技术熟知的附着装置(未示出)使其连接到芯体28和底层26之上。对将底层26和吸收芯体28连接相关的适当的附着装置进行介绍。在本发明的一个最佳实施例中,顶层24和底层26在延伸到吸收芯体28以外的区域内彼此直接相连,并将它们通过附着装置(未示出)直接连接到吸收芯体28上而使它们间接地连在一起。
顶层24是柔顺、感觉柔软的并对穿用者的皮肤是非刺激性的。此外,顶层24是透水的,使得液体(例如尿)易于透过其厚度。适宜的顶层可以由各种各样材料来制作,例如多孔泡沫材料、格网状泡沫材料、多孔的塑料薄膜;天然纤维(例如木或棉纤维)、合成纤维(例如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维)或天然与合成纤维的综合物的织造或非织造制品。最好,顶层24由包含大约20%-30%的人造丝的亲水性材料制作,以便使正在进行便溺训练的儿童感到潮湿并明显排尿。
现有一些制作技术可造用于顶层24的制作。例如,顶层24可以是非织造的纤维织品。当顶层包含一种非织造织品时,该织品可以纺粘法制的,片梭制的(carded),湿法涂敷的、熔喷的、水流编织的以及上述技术的综合等等。最佳顶层是利用在纺织技术领域熟练人员所公知装置片梭制的和热熔接的。适宜的顶层是由Fiberweb  North  America制造的并由80聚丙烯/20人造丝径片梭制的热熔接而成的非织造品。
同时,在本发明的一个最佳实施例中,顶层24并不构成底片14的一个部分,而是分别制作的并作为吸收组件22的一部分夹入到底片上,底片14可以制作不带内层46,吸收组件22的顶层24可以延伸到至少在底片14的前侧和后侧部分56、58中的底层26的边缘以外,使得顶层24配置在弹性耳状对襟元件90上方,并构成底片14的内表面(如图10所示)。在该实施例中,至少顶层24的一部分要受到机械拉伸,以便提供一个构成弹性耳状对襟30的“零应变”拉伸叠层。因此,本实施例的顶层24应当是可延伸的,最好是可拉伸的,但是不是必须是弹性的,使得顶层24在机械拉伸的作用下,至少有一定程度的永久性延伸,它将不完全复原到其原来的形状。然而,该实施例并不是最佳的,因为尿可能“芯吸”到底片14的中央区域68以外之处,未能容留在吸收组件22范围之内。
本发明的各特定实施例已作介绍说明,对本领域熟练人员很明显,可能作的各种其它变化和修改都不脱离本发明的要旨和范围。在本发明范围内的所有这样的变化和修改都会被附加权利要求所复盖。

Claims (20)

1、一种弹性的一次性服装,包括一底片
该底片具有:
一前侧部分,其具有端部边缘,纵向侧边边缘,腿部边缘,中央区域,耳状对襟和腰带,每一个所述耳状对襟从所述中央区域横向向外延伸并沿所述中央区域从所述端部边缘纵向延伸到所述腿部边缘;
一后侧部分,其与所述前侧部分相对,所述后侧部分具有端部边缘,纵向侧边边缘,腿部边缘,中央区域,耳状对襟和腰带,每一个所述耳状对襟从所述中央区域横向向外延伸并沿所述中央区域从所述端部边缘纵向延伸到所述腿部边缘;
一裆部部分,介于所述前侧部分与所述后侧部分之间;以及接缝部分,其使所述前侧部分连接到所述后侧部分上,以便形成实际上由所述端部边缘所环绕的一个腰部开口和两个腿部开口;其特征在于:
弹性的耳状对襟包括定位在每一个所述耳状对襟中的一个弹性耳状对襟元件,每一个所述弹性耳状对襟元件从所述端部边缘纵向延伸到所述腿部边缘,并且,以操作方式和所述耳状对襟相连,以形成一个弹性材料叠层,所述弹性材料叠层受到机械拉伸以形成所述弹性的耳状对襟。
2、如权利要求1所述的弹性的一次性服装,其中所述底片是一包含一个外层和固定到所述外层上的一个内层的叠层制品。
3、如权利要求2所述的弹性的一次性服装,其中所述弹性耳状对襟元件夹入到所述底片的所述外层和所述内层之间。
4、如权利要求3所述的弹性的一次性服装,其中所述底片又包含一个固定到所述内层上的吸收组件。
5、如权利要求4所述的弹性的一次性服装,其中所述吸收组件包含一顶层,一固定到所述顶层上的底层以及一吸收芯体,其夹入到所述顶层和所述底层之间,所述底层固定到所述内层上。
6、如权利要求3所述的弹性的一次性服装,其中所述内复盖层包含一个构成为顶层的透过液体的非织造物。
7、如权利要求6所述的弹性的一次性服装,其中所述底片又包括一个夹入在所述顶层和所述外层之间的吸收芯体。
8、如权利要求5所述的弹性的一次性服装,其中所述底片又包括一个至少配置在所述后侧部分的弹性的腰带。
9、如权利要求5所述的弹性的一次性服装,其中所述底片又包括至少配置在所述裆部区域的弹性的腿部套箍。
10、如权利要求5所述的弹性的一次性服装,其中所述内层和所述外层,每一个都包含一100%的聚合物非织造制品。
11、如权利要求5所述的弹性的一次性服装,其中所述弹性耳状对襟元件含有一种交联的天然橡胶泡沫材料。
12、如权利要求1,3,5,7,或11所述的弹性的一次性服装,其中所述接缝部分,每一个包含若干熔接的聚合材料,其从该一次性服装延伸出大约1/16英寸或以下。
13、如权利要求12所述的弹性的一次性服装,其中所述接缝部分,每一个都包含若干熔接的聚合物材料,其构成为在所述前侧部分和所述后侧部分之间的一个拼接部分。
14、一种制作弹性的一次性服装的方法,该方法包含的步骤是:
(a)提供一底片,该底片包括:
一前侧部分,其具有纵向侧边区域,耳状对襟和一腰带,所述耳状对襟是可延伸的;
一后侧部分,其与所述前侧部分相对,具有纵向侧边区域,耳状对襟和一腰带,所述耳状对襟是可延伸的;
一裆部部分,其介于所述前侧部分和所述后侧部分之间;以及
一弹性耳状对襟元件,其以操作方式和每一个所述耳状对襟相连,以形成一个弹性材料叠层;
(b)机械拉伸每一个所述弹性材料叠层,使得每一个所述耳状对襟是永久性延伸的而每一个所述弹性材料叠层沿初始拉伸方向是可弹性拉伸的,一旦该初始拉伸力从所述弹性材料叠层上去除时,以便形成弹性的耳状对襟;以及
(c)将所述前侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域固定到所述后侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域上,以便形成由所述前侧腰带和所述后侧腰带实际环绕的一个腰部开口;一个第一腿部开口、一个第二腿部开口,一个从所述第一腿部开口延伸到所述腰部开口的第一接缝部分以及一个从所述第二腿部开口延伸到所述腰部开口的第二接缝部分。
15、如权利要求14所述的方法;
其中所述的前侧部分至少在所述纵向侧边区域中包含一种聚合材料,并且所述后侧部分至少在所述纵向侧边区域包含一种聚合材料,所述后侧部分的所述聚合材料所具有的熔点与所述前侧部分的所述聚合材料所具有的熔点相近;以及
其中所述的将所述前侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域固定到所述后侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域的步骤又包括的步骤是:
将所述前侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域与所述后侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域相叠合,以便形成第一接缝区域和第二接缝区域;
通过向所述第一接缝区域输入机械能,同时封接和切割所述第一接缝区域的一个部分,输入机械能应足以使得所述第一接缝区域的聚合材料所具有流动性并变薄,与在第一接缝区域的聚合材料分离开,与此同时,又与在靠近所述第一区域的边界范围的聚合材料相粘接,以便形成包含若干熔过的聚合材料的第一接缝部分,其从该一次性服装延伸出大约1/16英寸或以下;以及
通过向所述第二接缝区域输入机械能,同时封接和切割所述第二接缝区域的一个部分,输入机械能应足以使得所述第二接缝区域的聚合材料具有流动性并变薄,与在第二接缝区域的聚合材料分离开,与此同时,又与在靠近所述第二区域的边界范围的聚合材料相粘接,以便形成包含若干熔接的聚合材料的第二接缝部分,其从该一次性服装延伸出大约1/16英寸或以下。
16、如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述的底片包含一个内层和一个固定到所述内层上的外层,所述外层和所述内层具有相近的熔点,使得所述前侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域与所述后侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域,每一个都包含两个具有相近熔点的材料层。
17、如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述外层和所述内层都包含相同材料,使得所述前侧部分的纵向侧边部分和所述后侧部分的所述纵向侧边部分,每一个都包含两个具有相同的材料层。
18、如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述的外复盖层和所述内复盖层,每一个都包含100%聚合材料非织造制品,使得所述前侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域和所述后侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域,每一个都包含两层具有100%聚合材料非织造制品。
19、如权利要求14、16或18所述的方法,其中所述第一接缝部分和所述第二接缝部分,每一个都包含若干熔过的聚合材料,其构成在所述前侧部分和所述后侧部分之间的拼接部分。
20、如权利要求14、16或18所述的方法,又包含将一个吸收组件至少固定在所述底片的所述裆部部分的步骤。
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102700952A (zh) * 2012-05-31 2012-10-03 中国长江三峡集团公司 布料皮带机环接、定拉力破解式皮筒
CN102700952B (zh) * 2012-05-31 2015-04-01 中国长江三峡集团公司 布料皮带机环接、定拉力破解式皮筒
CN104853703A (zh) * 2012-12-21 2015-08-19 株式会社瑞光 一次性穿着物品的制造方法以及使用于该制造方法的熔接装置
CN107205870A (zh) * 2015-02-09 2017-09-26 Sca卫生用品公司 裤型吸收制品

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JPH07501245A (ja) 1995-02-09
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HUT69092A (en) 1995-08-28
NZ245198A (en) 1995-11-27
CA2122239C (en) 1999-03-16
CZ283700B6 (cs) 1998-06-17
EP0613363A1 (en) 1994-09-07
HK1001716A1 (en) 1998-07-03
PT101084A (pt) 1994-05-31
AU3125093A (en) 1993-06-15
DE69221317D1 (de) 1997-09-04
TR26340A (tr) 1995-03-15
MX9206707A (es) 1994-06-30
WO1993009746A1 (en) 1993-05-27
AU672376B2 (en) 1996-10-03
TW234687B (zh) 1994-11-21
RU2090172C1 (ru) 1997-09-20
GR3024322T3 (en) 1997-10-31
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NO941879L (no) 1994-07-21
SK280322B6 (sk) 1999-11-08
DK0613363T3 (da) 1997-09-01
JP3386124B2 (ja) 2003-03-17
DE69221317T2 (de) 1997-11-20
PL170004B1 (pl) 1996-10-31
SK58594A3 (en) 1995-01-12
CA2122239A1 (en) 1993-05-27
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PH30888A (en) 1997-12-23
US5496429A (en) 1996-03-05
SG47651A1 (en) 1998-04-17
US5464401A (en) 1995-11-07
US5246433A (en) 1993-09-21
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HU221285B1 (en) 2002-09-28
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BR9206808A (pt) 1995-10-31
CZ125294A3 (en) 1994-11-16
RU94027296A (ru) 1996-08-10
ES2104959T3 (es) 1997-10-16

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