CN1084251C - 淀粉泡沫制的夹层板其生产方法和用途 - Google Patents

淀粉泡沫制的夹层板其生产方法和用途 Download PDF

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CN1084251C
CN1084251C CN95195475A CN95195475A CN1084251C CN 1084251 C CN1084251 C CN 1084251C CN 95195475 A CN95195475 A CN 95195475A CN 95195475 A CN95195475 A CN 95195475A CN 1084251 C CN1084251 C CN 1084251C
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于尔根·洛克斯
温弗里德·波默安兹
哈拉尔德·施密特
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种以淀粉泡沫为基础可生物降解并可在造纸过程中再循环的夹层板，以及涉及一种制备此夹层板的方法，其中，弹性的或硬化的淀粉泡沫芯用纸和/或纸板制的层状材料覆盖，生产过程连续进行。本发明的优点是改进了使用性能，并能根据有关的使用目的方便地调整生产。

Description

淀粉泡沫制的夹层板其生产方法和用途
本发明涉及一种以淀粉泡沫为基础的可生物降解的夹层板以及这种夹层板的生产方法和用途。
已知一些复合材料或复合板，它们有一个包封在聚氨酯泡沫或聚苯乙烯泡沫内的芯。这类塑料在废物处理时带来困难，因为它们实际上不腐烂，而且只有在经过分类后才能再循环。
由DE-A-4228779已知一种夹层材料，其中各层包括硬化的淀粉泡沫以及另一个层状材料。生产淀粉泡沫和此夹层材料的方法经过多个阶段。此外，规定淀粉泡沫要充分硬化，以便与其他层状材料实现连接。WO 92/16584涉及一种以可分解的淀粉为基础加上合成添加剂组成的可生物降解的聚合物的混合物，用于按传统的工艺技术生产模制件。
本发明的目的是提供可生物降解的夹层板、其生产方法和用途，使它可用于许多方面，它的生产方法简单，价格便宜。
为实现上述目的，按本发明的一个方面，提供了一种夹层板，它由一个淀粉泡沫芯和至少一个用可生物降解的物质组成的层状材料组成，其中：淀粉泡沫芯是一种弹性的或已硬化的淀粉泡沫，由淀粉泡沫制的杆状条或蛇形缠绕的条组成。
为实现上述目的，按本发明的另一方面，提供了一种生产上述按本发明的夹层板的方法，有下列步骤：
a)在挤压设备中制造淀粉泡沫和形成淀粉泡沫芯；
b)紧接在这之后将淀粉泡沫芯作为杆状条或蛇形缠绕的条就地连续地置入层状材料之间；以及
c)压缩淀粉泡沫芯并与此同时与上述层状材料连接，以构成夹层板。
按本发明的又一方面，提供了本发明夹层板的用途，应用于作为建筑材料，用于吸热、吸冷、吸音、吸收冲击；作为安全运输和防止冲击的包装材料；作为布告、广告、图片的显示牌和支承件；以及作为结构制品，用于家具业、汽车业、建筑业和包装业，用于园艺和农业。
按本发明的夹层板主要优点在于，它可用一种简单的方法生产，按这种方法所有的工艺步骤无中间阶段地连续进行，而且这种方法能易于调整，所以在需要时可以立即制备一种相应规格的刚性或弹性的夹层板，这种夹层板例如有所要求的隔热或隔冷或还有吸收冲击的性能。
下面借助于附图详细说明本发明。其中：
图1生产按本发明的夹层板的方法原理；
图2挤压设备俯视图，它挤出整面的淀粉泡沫芯；
图3挤压设备俯视图，它挤出杆状的淀粉泡沫条作为用于按本发明夹层板的芯；以及
图4挤压设备俯视图，它挤出蛇形缠绕的淀粉泡沫条作为用于按本发明夹层板的芯。
按本发明的一种最佳实施形式，按照本发明的夹层板由淀粉泡沫芯1构成，在它的上面和下面粘贴层状材料2。层状材料2最好由生物可降解的物质组成，如用改性淀粉制的薄膜、纸和/或硬纸板或卡纸。
如图1所示，生产按本发明的夹层板的设备有一台挤压设备3，淀粉泡沫在挤压设备3中制备，并接着通过喷嘴挤出作为带4(图2)、杆状条5(图3)或蛇形缠绕的条6(图4)。按各种制成的形状，带4或条5、6构成夹层板的淀粉泡沫芯1。直接在挤压后，淀粉泡沫芯1被放置在两条层状材料2的带之间。为此，层状材料2从两个设在上、下的料卷7连续展出、通过导向轮8张紧，并沿水平方向上下一起移到一定的距离。因此，层状材料2具有一定的最小抗拉强度。淀粉泡沫芯1沿退卷方向置入层状材料2之间，接着在辊子压力机9中与层状材料2接触，并压制成夹层板。在这一过程中，淀粉泡沫芯1内还有来自挤压工艺的最小剩余水分，所以淀粉仍保持有效的粘结性能，并与层状材料2实现连接。在挤压过程中淀粉的排水可专门调整，或也可以在与层状材料2连接前在淀粉泡沫芯1的接触面上增湿。夹层板离开辊子压力机9后卷绕在卷轴上，或切成要求的长度并堆垛。尤其在具有弹性的淀粉泡沫芯1及厚度小于20mm的夹层板的情况下最好提供这种卷筒，而对于更厚的夹层板最好加以堆垛。采用这种方法可生产出具有例如特殊隔热值或吸收冲击特性的夹层板。根据夹层板的使用目的，淀粉泡沫芯1可具有一定的密度和弹性，或在夹层板内形成空腔，例如加工成淀粉泡沫条5、6。此外，可以将多个淀粉泡沫芯1和层状材料2的层重叠粘结在一起。为了改变所要求的性能，可以改变例如在挤压工艺中加工的原料配方，或改变挤压工艺甚至在时间进程或温度分布图方面的方法步骤。按本发明的夹层板最好具有单位体积重量从约10至250kg/m3的淀粉泡沫芯1和单位面积重量从10至800g/m2的层状材料。
按本发明的夹层板可应用于作为包装材料；作为建筑材料，用于隔热、隔冷、或隔音；作为安全运输和防止冲击的材料；作为布告、广告、图片、印刷的显示牌和支承件；以及，作为结构制品，用于家具业、汽车业、建筑业和包装业，用于园艺和农业。

Claims (10)

1.一种夹层板，由一个淀粉泡沫芯(1)和至少一个用可生物降解的物质组成的层状材料(2)组成，其特征为：淀粉泡沫芯(1)是一种弹性的或已硬化的淀粉泡沫，由淀粉泡沫制的杆状条(5)或蛇形缠绕的条(6)组成。
2.按照权利要求1所述之夹层板，其特征为：层状材料(2)用改性淀粉、纸和/或硬纸板或卡纸和/或薄膜组成。
3.按照权利要求1所述之夹层板，其特征为：淀粉泡沫芯(1)的单位体积重量为10至250kg/m3，层状材料(2)的单位面积重量为10至800g/m2。
4.生产按照权利要求1至3之一所述夹层板的方法，有下列步骤：
a)在挤压设备(3)中制造淀粉泡沫和形成淀粉泡沫芯(1)；
b)紧接在这之后将淀粉泡沫芯(1)作为杆状条(5)或蛇形缠绕的条(6)就地连续地置入层状材料(2)之间；以及
c)压缩淀粉泡沫芯(1)并与此同时与上述层状材料(2)连接，以构成夹层板。
5.按照权利要求4所述之方法，其特征为：挤出的淀粉泡沫的单位体积重量为10至250kg/m3。
6.按照权利要求4所述之方法，其特征为：淀粉泡沫芯(1)与生物可降解的层状材料(2)连接。
7.按照权利要求6所述方法，其特征为：上述可生物降解的层状材料为改性淀粉、纸和/或硬纸板或卡纸和/或薄膜。
8.按照权利要求4所述之方法，其特征为：淀粉泡沫芯(1)紧接在挤压后置于层状材料(2)之间，并与之连接。
9.按照权利要求4所述之方法，其特征为：在淀粉泡沫芯(1)硬化定形和/或夹层板厚度大于20mm时，在方法步骤c)后，接着将夹层板切成预定的长度。
10.按照权利要求1至3之一所述夹层板或按照权利要求4至9之一所述方法生产之夹层板的用途，应用于作为建筑材料，用于吸热、吸冷、吸音、吸收冲击；作为安全运输和防止冲击的包装材料；作为布告、广告、图片的显示牌和支承件；以及作为结构制品，用于家具业、汽车业、建筑业和包装业，用于园艺和农业。
CN95195475A 1994-09-06 1995-09-05 淀粉泡沫制的夹层板其生产方法和用途 Expired - Fee Related CN1084251C (zh)

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CA2199285A1 (en) 1996-03-14
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CA2199285C (en) 2005-10-18
DE59508914D1 (de) 2001-01-25
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WO1996007539A1 (de) 1996-03-14
AU698295B2 (en) 1998-10-29
DK0781199T3 (da) 2001-04-17
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