CN1105927A - 制造滴灌管线及其中所用预制件的方法与设备 - Google Patents

制造滴灌管线及其中所用预制件的方法与设备 Download PDF

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CN1105927A
CN1105927A CN94115262A CN94115262A CN1105927A CN 1105927 A CN1105927 A CN 1105927A CN 94115262 A CN94115262 A CN 94115262A CN 94115262 A CN94115262 A CN 94115262A CN 1105927 A CN1105927 A CN 1105927A
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prefabricated component
junction surface
longitudinal axis
drip irrigation
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Z·鲁宾斯坦
V·马尔金
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Hydromatic Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/36—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles
    • B29C53/38—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges
    • B29C53/48—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges for articles of indefinite length, i.e. bending a strip progressively
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
    • A01G25/026—Apparatus or processes for fitting the drippers to the hoses or the pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/11—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels comprising two or more partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. honeycomb-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
    • B29C69/001—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore a shaping technique combined with cutting, e.g. in parts or slices combined with rearranging and joining the cut parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0012—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. foaming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0019—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by flattening, folding or bending
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/005—Hoses, i.e. flexible
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1062—Prior to assembly
    • Y10T156/1067—Continuous longitudinal slitting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/12—Surface bonding means and/or assembly means with cutting, punching, piercing, severing or tearing
    • Y10T156/1317—Means feeding plural workpieces to be joined
    • Y10T156/1343—Cutting indefinite length web after assembly with discrete article

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  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

一种制造滴灌管线的方法和设备，形成并排的两 管(或多管)，它们通过接合部连接起来，包括多个预 制件，预制件沿预制件和接合部的纵轴线间隔地结合 在接合部中。各预制件都包括一对节流沟槽结构，分 别位于预制件纵轴线的两侧。沿预制件的纵轴线将 接合部切开以形成两个(或多个)滴灌管线，其中每个 均与多个预制件的一部分一体成型，每个部分均有一 个用作各自管线的节流元件的沟槽结构。

Description

本发明系关于制造滴灌管线的方法与设备，也涉及在此方法中所用的预制件。
滴灌管线通常包括一条连续的管子，它有沿管路间隔地分布的多个开口，以及结合在管的一面并与该开口相通的多个节流元件，用来节制流出的灌溉用水使之成为滴状或细流。这种滴灌管线已获得广泛的应用，因为它有许多优点，包括能有效地把灌溉用水直接输送到植株根部，并能显著地节约灌溉用水和/或其中的添加物。
目前，这种滴灌线通常是挤压出塑料管，并沿着管子的纵向间隔把节流元件结合在管上，再在整个管上形成纵向间隔地分布并与节流元件的出口端对准的流出口，美国专利3，981，452、5，022，940、5，271，786和5，282，916中描述了这种已知的挤压工艺。然而，挤压设备非常昂贵，因而这种设备的初始成本就构成了制造这种滴灌线成本的主要项目。这对于生产不太昂贵的薄壁管线时更是如此，因为不管是挤压厚壁管还是薄壁管，这种设备的初始成本和最大挤出速率基本上是相同的。此外在管子上形成流出口时需要精度较高，因为流出口相对于固结于管中的节流元件的出口的任何不对正都将对滴灌线的工作造成有害的影响。
本发明的目的是提供一种在上述一个或两个方面具有优点的制造滴灌管线的方法与设备。
根据本发明所提供的制造滴灌管线的方法包括：至少形成两根并排的管子，它们通过接合部连接在一起，接合部包含结合于其中的多个预制件，它们以一定的间隔沿预制及接合部的纵轴线分布；每个预制件上形成一对节流沟槽结构，在预制件纵轴线的每侧各有一个；沿纵轴线切开接合部与预制件从而形成至少两条滴灌管线，每条都与多个预制件的一部分构成一体，每一部分都有一个在各自的管线中用作节流元件的沟槽结构。
上述方法特别适用于挤压工艺中，其中管子与它们的接合部是挤压成形的，而预制件则在挤压时被结合在接合部中，该方法可以在极小地增加设备总体成本的条件下成倍地提高挤压设备的生产能力，因而能显著地降低生产成本，特别是在生产薄壁滴灌管线时。此外，该方法不要求生产流出口时有高精度，因为流出口是在切开工序中自动产生的。上述各优点使得本发明特别适用于挤压工艺，然而本发明也可有效地用于非挤压工艺，例如用板材接缝形成成对管材并在产生该接缝的同时把预制件结合在接合部当中。
图1示出了按照本发明构造的设备的一种形式；
图2示出了按照本发明在制造滴灌管线中所用的预制件的一种形式；
图3是表示由图1中的设备所生产的挤压产品切开前的剖视图；而
图4是表示挤压产品已经切开并形成两条滴灌管线的剖视图；
图5、6、7是表示在挤压的同时把预制件引入挤压产品中的三种不同状态的局部视图；
图7a表示在如图7中所示状态引入预制件时的图1设备的改型；
图8是类似于图3的视图，但它示出的是三个（或更多）管线同时成型的情况，在相邻的每对管线间有接合部，在每个接合部中结合着多个预制件；
图9示出按照本发明制造滴灌管线的设备，但生产的是有缝管而不是挤压管，图9a、9b、9c表示产品在制造过程中的不同阶段。
在图1所示的设备中包括一个挤出器2，它有挤出头4，塑料通过它挤出而定形为滴灌管线的管材。从卷盘8把呈条状物7的多个预制件6供给到挤出头4，预制件6在该设备所生产的滴灌管线中确定出节流元件。预制件6在挤出的同时结合在被挤出的塑料中，故离开挤出头4的挤出件10既包括塑料管（或在此情况下为双管），也包括在其中确定出节流元件的各预制件。
离开挤出头4的挤出件10由履带16拖曳通过校准器12和一对夹送滚轮14，履带16可使挤出件加速，故塑料件被拉伸到由校准器12所确定的较小的直径。校准器12封闭在冷却单元17中，冷却单元17用来冷却挤出件10。然后挤出件10通过如图中标号18所示的一个或多个另外的冷却单元，用以在挤出件通过输出口20之前充分地固化与硬化挤出的塑料。
图3示出当挤出件10从挤出设备的输出口20出来时的结构。如图3所示，处于这一阶段的挤出件10包括两个并排的挤出管10a、10b，它们通过由夹送滚轮14所产生的接合部10c连接在一起，预制件6就被结合在接合部10c中。
图1中示出的设备中还包括与连接两管10a、10b的接合部10c的中心线（即纵轴线）对准的切割器22。切割器22把挤出件10切开成如图4中所示的两部分。这样每一部分均由两个挤出管10a、10b之一以及接合部10c的一半和预制件6的一半构成。正如下面将描述的，两部分之一各自构成单独的滴灌管线，如图1中DIL1和DIL2所示。用导向辊24、26、28、30把两个滴灌管线分别引导到各自的接收卷盘32、34上。
图1中所示的挤出设备除了挤出头4、校准器12和产生“双管”（即由接合部10c连接在一起的两根管子）的夹送滚轮14及把该双管切开成两根管子的切割器22等结构以外可以是通常公知的结构。
图2特别表示出结合在从挤出设备的输出口20处出来的挤出件10的接合部10c中的预制件6的结构。
预制件6的纵轴线是沿着其中心线42的，它对准接合部10c的纵轴线（中心线），切割器22也与其对准。预制件6让预制出长槽44、46，在纵轴线42的每一侧的预制件6的长度方向上延伸。每条长槽上形成由多个折流部分44a，46a确定出的迷宫结构。预制件6的一端形成一对边槽48、50，用作与每个迷宫结构44、46的一端（入口端）相通的入口。在预制件6的另一端上形成共用的内槽52，它与两长槽44、46的另一端（出口端）相通并横越预制件的纵轴线42。
为了使入口槽48、50的闭塞减至最小，预制件6上还形成沿该预制件相对两侧分布的多个柱体54、56。这些柱体进一步确定出分别与长槽44、46和折流部分44a、46a相应的迷宫结构的入口相通的两个入口槽48、50平行的入口槽58、60。
如图4中所示，沿纵轴线42切开接合部10c和结合在其中的预制件6产生出两根滴灌管线DIL1和DIL2。每根管线包括：供压力水用的管子10a或10b；接合部的一半10ca或10cb；结合在相应接合部中的预制件的一半6a或6b。预制件6的6a部分包括通向其迷宫（长槽44和折流部分44a）的入口（边槽48）和出口（槽的一半52a）；预制件的6b部分包括通向其迷宫（长槽46和折流部分46a）的入口（边槽50）和出口（槽的一半52b）。
图1中所示的挤出设备基本上是用以前生产单一管线的相同的设备而同时生产出两条滴灌管线DIL1，DIL2，从而可有效地成倍提高该设备的生产率。此外，每条滴灌管线的出口（52a、52b）是通过对管线中的每个节流元件的切割操作而自动地产生的，故无需像通常的制造滴灌管线的挤出设备那样精确地定位流出口。
图5示出图1中的设备，其中预制件6是呈连续条状物7的形式，它是在纵轴线42的两侧沿条状物的7的长度的间隔位置上预制出（例为用模压操作）多对节流元件（44、44a和46、46a）的。
图6示出一种变型，其中标号106所指的多个预制件沿连续条状物的长度间隔地结合在连续条状物107上，而连续条状物则在两挤出管（其中之一在图6中以110a示出）之间被结合在接合部110c上。
图7示出了另一种变型，其中标号206所指的预制件是单独的分立元件，送进多个这种元件并把它们们沿接合部的纵轴线间隔地分别结合在两管（例如210a）之间的接合部210c上。如206a、206b所示，每个预制件206的前缘和尾缘最好做成带有锥度，以便在它们和接合部之间形成良好的无孔隙结合。在图6所示的情况下也可以设置类似的带锥度结构。
预制件206的送进可以采用目前所用的制造滴灌管线的通常挤出工艺中的方式，诸如上面提到的专利中所描述的方式，但最好是如美国专利5，282，916的方式。图7a示出了以这种方式送进预制件206的图1中设备的改型，其中可见这些元件是经过装料器250借助于送进器252和推顶器254而喂送给挤出头4的。设备的其余部分则可如图1所示。
该方法和设备还适用于同时制造出两根以上的管线。如图8所示，三管310a、310b、310c可同时挤出，并在相邻的每对管之间形成接合部310d，310e。每个接合部都包括一个分别结合在两个接合部310d、310e之中的预制件306a、306b。在这种情况下，预制件306a如上面所示，确定出与两管310a、310b相通的入口348a、350a，当预制件被切开后共用槽352a则确定出两个出口。然而，预制件306b则不包括供管310b用的入口槽，而是仅有供管310c用入口槽350b和管310c用的出口槽352b，因为管310b已然有了自己的入口与出口槽。
图9示出本发明在用有缝管制造滴灌管线的工艺和设备上的应用，在这里不是使用挤出管。在这种情况下，塑料板材400成形为两根管410a，401b，并在其间有接合部410c；预制件406就结合在此接合部410c中，每个预制件406的结构如上所述，当这样制成双管被切割器422沿两管410a、410b之间的中心线（纵轴线）切开时，则会如上述那样地产生两个滴灌管线DIL1、DIL2，特别如图4中所示的那样。
显然，图9中所示的有缝管接合设备也可以如上面关于图8所作出的描述那样用来同时制造三个或更多的滴灌管线。
能够作出许多其它的变化。例如无论是通过挤压还是接缝所生产的两根（或多根）管子可以尺寸相同也可以不同。挤压成形的三根（或多根）管子可以成T形或△形结构而不一定像已描述的那样成一直线。连通迷宫结构的入口可以在不是预制件边缘的其它位置。接合部可沿设备在任何位置切开。

Claims (10)

1、一种制造滴灌管线的方法，包括：至少形成两根并排的管子，它们通过接合部连接在一起，上述接合部包含结合于其中的多个预制件，它们以一定的间隔沿预制件及上述接合部的纵轴线分布；每个上述预制件都做有一对节流的沟槽结构，分别在预制件纵轴线的两侧；沿上述接合部和上述预制件的纵轴线将它们切开，从而形成至少两条滴灌管线，分别与上述多个预制件的一部分形成一体，每个预制件的一部分都有上面所说的沟槽结构作为各自管线的节流元件。
2、如权利要求1中所述的方法，其特征在于：上述每个预制件都预制有入口槽装置和出口槽装置，它们的位置和结构使接合部和预制件沿它们的纵轴线切开时上述入口槽装置成为所对应管线上的各节流元件的入口，而上述出口槽装置则成为该管线的相应节流元件的出口。
3、如权利要求2中所述的方法，其特征在于：上述入口槽装置为在预制件的相对的两侧边所开出的一对边槽，而上述出口槽装置为横跨预制件上述纵轴线的共用内槽形状，以便在切割上述接合部和预制件的同时被切开。
4、如权利要求3中所述的方法，其特征在于：上述一对节流沟槽结构，各在预制件纵轴线的一侧，为迷宫结构，它们的一端与上述一对边槽之一相通，而另一端则与上述共用槽相通。
5、如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：上述预制件为沿其纵轴线间隔分布的预制出多对上述节流沟槽结构的连续条状物。
6、如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：有多个上述预制件，它们沿连续条状物的长度方向间隔地结合在连续条状物上。
7、如权利要求1-4中任一个所述的方法，其特征在于：有多个上述预制件，每个都沿其纵轴线在间隔开的部位上各自结合在上述接合部上。
8、如权利要求1-6中任一个所述的方法，其特征在于：上述管件和上述接合部是挤压成型的，上述预制件在挤压的同时被结合在上述接合部中。
9、如权利要求1-6中任一个所述的方法，其特征在于：上述管件和上述接合部是由板材接缝成型的，上述预制件是在接缝的同时结合在接合部中的。
10、如权利要求1-9中任何一个所述的方法，其特征在于：所形成的是三管或多管，并包含在每对相邻管件之间的接合部和多个结合在上述每个接合部上的上述预制件。
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