CN1111651C - 液压驱动的无弹簧燃料喷射器和操作方法 - Google Patents

液压驱动的无弹簧燃料喷射器和操作方法 Download PDF

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CN1111651C
CN1111651C CN99805775A CN99805775A CN1111651C CN 1111651 C CN1111651 C CN 1111651C CN 99805775 A CN99805775 A CN 99805775A CN 99805775 A CN99805775 A CN 99805775A CN 1111651 C CN1111651 C CN 1111651C
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奥德E·斯特曼
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0049—Combined valve units, e.g. for controlling pumping chamber and injection valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/04—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure using fluid, other than fuel, for injection-valve actuation
    • F02M47/043—Fluid pressure acting on injection-valve in the period of non-injection to keep it closed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/04—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure using fluid, other than fuel, for injection-valve actuation
    • F02M47/046—Fluid pressure acting on injection-valve in the period of injection to open it
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F02M57/022—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive
    • F02M57/025—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive hydraulic, e.g. with pressure amplification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F02M59/105—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive hydraulic drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/46—Valves
    • F02M59/466—Electrically operated valves, e.g. using electromagnetic or piezoelectric operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/004—Sliding valves, e.g. spool valves, i.e. whereby the closing member has a sliding movement along a seat for opening and closing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/44—Valves, e.g. injectors, with valve bodies arranged side-by-side

Abstract

一种具有一个由控制流体液压控制的止回阀(72)的燃料喷射器。由增压器(86)使燃料的容积在喷射器的燃料腔(88)内加压。止回阀(72)控制自燃料腔经阀体的至少一个喷嘴开口(54)流出的燃料流量。控制流体的流量由可在第一位置和第二位置间移动的控制阀(108)控制。当控制阀处于其第一位置时，控制流体产生使止回阀(72)移至关闭位置的液压力。当控制阀(108)处于其第二位置时，控制流体使止回阀(72)移至开启位置以允许加压的燃料自喷嘴开口喷射或喷雾。增压器(86)也可由控制阀(114)液压控制。

Description

液压驱动的无弹簧燃料喷射器和操作方法
                       有关申请的相互对照
本申请为申请号为08/743,858于1996年11月5日申请的共同未决申请的部分继续申请，它是申请号为08/425,602于1995年4月20日申请的它又是申请号为08/254,271，于1994年6月6日申请的现已放弃的申请的继续，现在美国专利No.5,460,329的继续。
                          技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机用的燃料喷射器和操作方法。
                          背景技术
燃料喷射器被用来将加压的燃料输入内燃机的燃烧室中。图1表示现有技术的燃料喷射系统10。该喷射系统包括一个通过增压器腔16与燃料入口14连通的喷嘴12。该增压器腔16包括一个减小腔16容积和增加其中燃料压力的增压器活塞18。增压的燃料经喷嘴12进入发动机的燃烧室。
该增压器活塞18由被提升阀20所控制的工作流体移动。工作流体通过入口22进入燃料喷射器。提升阀20与一电磁线圈24相结合，它可有选择地被激磁而将阀20拉至开启位置。如图2所示，当电磁线圈24开启提升阀20时，工作流体向增压器活塞18施加一压力。工作流体的压力移动活塞18，并使燃料增压。当电磁线圈24停止激磁时，机械弹簧26和28便使提升阀20及增压器活塞18返回到它们的原位。弹簧30使针阀32回到关闭位置，以关闭喷组12。
由于回归弹簧的响应时间慢，故具有机械回归弹簧的燃料喷射器的动作相当慢。另外，提升阀的弹簧率会产生一个必须由电磁线圈克服的附加力。因此，必须给电磁线圈提供足够的电流的克服弹簧力和阀的惯性。较大的电流会产生附加热，这将降低电磁线圈的寿命和性能。此外，由于弹簧的蠕变和疲劳，弹簧的弹簧率可能随时间而变化。在整个喷射器的寿命期内弹簧率的变化会产生各不相同的结果。最理想的是提供没有任何机械回归弹簧的燃料喷射器。
                          发明内容
本发明提出一种燃料喷射器，包括：一个限定一个适于接收燃料的燃料入口、一个适于产生燃料喷雾的喷嘴开口和一个适于接收控制流体的进口的阀体；以及一个液压控制止回阀，该止回阀设置在该阀体内并能在由该止回阀开启喷嘴开口的开启位置和由该止回阀阻塞喷嘴开口的关闭位置之间移动，该止回阀具有一个第一表面，适于有暴露于控制流体，并当暴露于所述控制流体时可工作来将该止回阀偏移至该关闭位置。
此外，该阀体还包括一个与喷嘴开口成第一流体连通的燃料腔。
还包括一个与控制流体成第二流体连通的增压器，在所述控制流体引至所述增压器时，所述增压器在所述阀体内于第一位置和第二位置之间移动，所述的增压器当从第一位置移向第二位置时可工作以对所述燃料腔内的燃料增压。
还包括一个可在第一位置和第二位置间移动的第一控制阀，所述第一控制阀处于所述第一位置时，可工作以允许止回阀的第一表面暴露于控制流体，而处于所述的第二位置时可使所述止回阀的第一表面暴露于排出。
该止回阀还有一个适于暴露于该加压控制流体的第二表面，在第二表面暴露于该加压控制流体时，将该止回阀偏移至该开启位置；该第一控制阀是一个四通阀，还联接一排出管路，在第一位置时，第一控制阀将该止回阀的第一表面暴露于加压控制流体并将该止回阀的第二表面暴露于该排出管路，在第二位置时，第一控制阀将该止回阀的第二表面暴露于加压控制流体并将该止回阀的第一表面暴露于该排出管路。
还包括一个可在第一位置和第二位置间移动的第二控制阀，当所述第二控制阀处于所述第一位置时，它可工作以允许控制流体使所述增压器移至所述第一位置，而当处于所述的第二位置时可使所述的增压器移至所述第二位置。
所述第二控制阀是一种四通阀。
还包括一个与该止回阀配合的平衡轴针，该轴针有一个暴露于增压燃料的上端，该平衡轴针的上端的面积与暴露于燃料腔中增压燃料的止回阀的相对表面面积相等。
所述控制流体是该喷射燃料之外的燃料。
本发明也提出一种操作燃料喷射器的方法，包括：提供一种加压控制流体；将该压力控制流体引入增压器的上端，以使增压器移向一导前位置，该增压器藉助于移向该导前位置而对一燃料腔供以增压燃料；将该加压控制流体引至一止回阀的第一表面，以将该止回阀移向关闭该燃料腔中喷嘴开口的关闭位置并防止增压燃料流过该喷嘴开口。
还包括对用来接收该压力控制流体并可在第一位置和第二位置之间移动的一控制阀提供压力控制流体；使该控制阀置于该第一位置，以便将该压力控制流体引至该止回阀的第一表面。
还包括将该控制阀置于该第二位置，以便将该加压控制流体引至该止回阀的第二表面，从而将该止回阀移向开启该燃料腔中的喷嘴开口的开启位置。
该控制阀是一四通阀，将将该控制阀置于该第一位置，使该止回阀的第二表面进一步暴露于一排出管路，以及将该控制阀置于该第二位置，使该止回阀的第一表面进一步暴露于该排出管路。
还包括将与该止回阀配合的一个平衡轴针的上端暴露于该增压燃料，该平衡轴针的上端的面积与暴露于该燃料腔中增压燃料的止回阀的相对表面面积相等。
该控制流体是要被喷射的燃料之外的燃料。
                          附图说明
图1是现有技术的燃料喷射器的剖视图；
图2是正在喷射燃料的现有技术燃料喷射器的剖视图；
图3是本发明燃料喷射器实施例的剖视图；
图4是表示正在吸入燃料的燃料喷射器的类似图3的视图；
图5是表示正在喷射燃料的燃料喷射器的类似图3的视图；
图6是燃料喷射器另一实施例的剖视图。
                          具体实施方式
本发明的一个实施例是一种具有一个由控制流体液压控制的止回阀或针阀的燃料喷射器。由增压器将燃料容积在喷射器的燃料腔内压缩。该止回阀控制自燃料腔流经阀体的一个或多个喷嘴开口的燃料流量。控制流体的流量由一个可在第一位置和第二位置间移动的控制阀控制。当控制阀处于其第一位置时，控制流体产生使止回阀移至关闭位置的液压力。当控制阀处于第二位置时，控制流体使止回阀移至开启位置以允许增压的燃料自喷嘴开口喷出。该增压器也可由控制阀液压控制。该燃料喷射器不包括或不利用任何机械回归弹簧。没有这种弹簧便可增加喷射器的耐久性和性能再现性。此外，止回阀和增压器的位置可由供给高速燃料喷射器的控制流体的液压力快速变化。
更详细地参照标有标号的附图，图3表示本发明所述的燃料喷射器50的一个应用实施例。喷射器50可包括具有至少一个喷嘴开口或燃料喷雾孔54的阀体52。阀体52可包括一个支承喷嘴端部58的外壳56、活塞体或隔套60、一对增压器体或隔套62和64及集流腔体66。阀体52可装于发动机气缸头(未示出)并直接延伸入内部燃烧室(未示出)。壳体56可具有许多外环槽68、用以保持使喷射器50与发动机气缸头密封的O形环(未示出)。此外，喷射器50可包含许多使本体62，64和66与壳体56密封的内O形环70。
喷射器50可包括一个控制流经喷嘴开口54燃料流量的止回阀或针阀72。止回阀72可具有一个位于本体58的喷嘴腔76内的针部74和一个位于本体60的活塞腔80内的活塞部78。活塞78和针74可为2个单独的零件或为一个整件。
活塞腔80可容纳对活塞78的第一表面82或活塞78的第二表面84施加液压力的控制流体。施加于第一表面82的液压力使止回阀72移至关闭位置，此时，止回阀坐合于喷嘴端部58并防止燃料自喷射器50喷出。施加于第二表面84的液压力使止回阀72移至开启位置并允许燃料经喷嘴开口54流出。
喷射器50可包括一个对位于燃料腔88内的燃料加压的增压器86。燃料腔88通过通道90与喷嘴腔76连通。燃料腔88也可通过通道94与燃料入口92连通。通道94可包括一个防止燃料经入口92倒流的入口止回阀96。
增压器86具有一个位于燃料腔88内的活塞部98和一个位于增压器腔102内的头部100。头部100具有大于活塞98有效表面积的有效面积。此面积差提供机械增益以便使作用于头部100的液压力将增压器86自第一位置移至第二位置，并使燃料腔88内的燃料增压。
喷射器50可包括一个使燃料腔88和止回阀72的活塞78连通的平衡轴针104。作用于平衡轴针104的燃料压力与由燃料作用于针74的肩部106上的液压力相抵消以平衡止回阀72，因此止回阀72的移动由作用于活塞78的纯液压力所控制。
增压器86的移动可由经通道110和112与增压器腔102连通的第一控制阀108所控制。止回阀72的移动可由经通道116和118与活塞80连通的第二控制阀114所控制。控制阀108和114均可以经通道122与进口120连通及经通道126与回流口124连通。进口120可与具有增压的控制流体的发动机的干线管路(未示出)连通。该干线管路一般与泵出口连通。该控制流体可为燃料或独立的液压流体。回流口124一般与具有相当低压的排出管连通。
每个控制阀108和114可具有一个在阀壳130内在第一位置和第二位置间往复移动的滑阀128。每个控制阀108和114也可具有经端子138与电子控制器136耦合的线圈132和134。控制器136有选择地提供电流给线圈132和134之一。电流产生一个使滑阀128拉向两个位置之一的磁场。
滑阀128和壳体130最好由钢4140制成，因为，即使当不再给线圈132和134提供电流时，它还能保留足够强的剩余磁力保持滑阀128的位置。以此方式，控制器136可用数字脉冲切换控制阀108和114的状态。控制阀108和114可类似于在授与Sturman的美国专利No.5,640,987中所公开的那些阀，本文引用该专利供参考。
滑阀128最好具有形成四通阀的外部槽139。当第一控制阀108的滑阀128处于其第一位置(例如向右)时，外部槽139在通道112和进口120之间提供流体通路，并在通道110和回流口124之间提供流体通路以迫使增压器86移到其第一位置。当第一控制阀108的滑阀128处于其第二位置(例如向左)时，通道110与进口流体连通，而通道112与回流口124流体连通，结果使增压器86移向其第二位置而使燃料增压。
当第二控制阀114的滑阀128处于其第二位置时，通道116与进口120流体连通，而通道118与回流口120成流体连通，结果将止回阀72推入关闭位置。当第二控制阀114的滑阀128处于其第二位置时，通道116与回流口124流体连通，而通道118与进口120流体连通，结果将止回阀72移向开启位置。
如图4所示，在工作中，使第一控制阀108的滑阀128自其第二位置切换至其第一位置，以使增压器86自其第二位置移向其第一位置。例如，增压器86向上移动使燃料腔88膨胀，并通过入口92和止回阀96吸入燃料。通常，第一控制阀108的滑阀128保持在其关闭位置，以防燃料经喷嘴开口54流出。
如图5所示，为自喷射器50喷射或喷雾燃料，要使第二控制阀114的滑阀128自其第一位置切换至其第二位置。增压器86移向其第二(例如向下)位置，以使燃料腔88内的燃料增压。止回阀72被移向其开启位置，以允许增压的燃料经喷嘴开口54流出。然后，切换相应的控制阀108和114的滑阀128至它们相应的第一位置，并重复此循环。
图6表示燃料喷射器50’的另一个实施例。在此实施例中，输入通道122通过通道122’与活塞腔80连通。由活塞腔80中控制流体的有效压力将止回阀72偏压到其关闭位置。当增压器86移到其第二位置时，燃料压力比控制流体压力大得多，结果燃料压力推动止回阀72远离喷嘴开口54。当增压器86回到其第一位置(例如向上)时，燃料压力下降，而通道122’内的工作流体压力移动止回阀78，并关闭喷嘴54。
虽然在相关的附图中已就某个示例性实施例作了说明和图示，但应当理解，这些应用实施例仅仅是示例性的，不应对本发明有限制，并且，本发明不限于以上所示和所述的特定结构及配置。因为，那些熟悉本技术的普通人员可对它作各种其它的修改。

Claims (15)

1.一种燃料喷射器(50)，包括：
一个限定一个适于接收燃料的燃料入口(92)、一个适于产生燃料喷雾的喷嘴开口(54)和一个适于接收控制流体的进口(120)的阀体(52)；
一个液压控制止回阀(72)，该止回阀设置在该阀体(52)内并能在由该止回阀(72)开启喷嘴开口(54)的开启位置和由该止回阀(72)阻塞喷嘴开口(54)的关闭位置之间移动，该止回阀(72)具有一个第一表面(82)，适于有暴露于控制流体，并当暴露于所述控制流体时可工作来将该止回阀偏移至该关闭位置。
2.按权利要求1所述的燃料喷射器，其特征在于，该阀体(52)还包括一个与喷嘴开口(54)成第一流体连通的燃料腔(88)。
3.按权利要求2所述的燃料喷射器，其特征在于，还包括：
一个与控制流体成第二流体连通的增压器(86)，在所述控制流体引至所述增压器时，所述增压器(86)在所述阀体(52)内于第一位置和第二位置之间移动，所述的增压器(86)当从第一位置移向第二位置时可工作以对所述燃料腔(88)内的燃料加压。
4.按权利要求3所述的燃料喷射器，其特征在于，还包括：一个可在第一位置和第二位置间移动的第一控制阀(108)，所述第一控制阀(108)处于所述第一位置时，可工作以允许止回阀(72)的第一表面(82)暴露于控制流体，而处于所述的第二位置时可使所述止回阀(72)的第一表面(82)暴露于排出。
5.按权利要求3所述的燃料喷射器，其特征在于，
该止回阀(72)还有一个适于暴露于该加压控制流体的第二表面(84)，在第二表面暴露于该加压控制流体时，将该止回阀(72)偏移至该开启位置；
该第一控制阀(108)是一个四通阀，还联接一排出管路(124)，在第一位置时，第一控制阀(108)将该止回阀(72)的第一表面(82)暴露于加压控制流体并将该止回阀(72)的第二表面(84)暴露于该排出管路(124)，在第二位置时，第一控制阀(108)将该止回阀(72)的第二表面(84)暴露于加压控制流体并将该止回阀的第一表面(82)暴露于该排出管路(124)。
6.按权利要求4所述的燃料喷射器，其特征在于还包括：
一个可在第一位置和第二位置间移动的第二控制阀(114)，当所述第二控制阀(114)处于所述第一位置时，它可工作以允许控制流体使所述增压器(86)移至所述第一位置，而当处于所述的第二位置时可使所述的增压器(86)移至所述第二位置。
7.按权利要求6所述的燃料喷射器，其特征在于所述第二控制阀(114)是一种四通阀。
8.按权利要求1所述的燃料喷射器，其特征在于，还包括一个与该止回阀(72)配合的平衡轴针(104)，该轴针有一个暴露于加压燃料的上端，该平衡轴针(104)的上端的面积与暴露于燃料腔(88)中加压燃料的止回阀(72)的相对表面面积相等。
9.按权利要求1所述的燃料喷射器，其特征在于，所述控制流体是该喷射燃料之外的燃料。
10.一种操作燃料喷射器的方法，包括：
提供一种加压控制流体；
将该压力控制流体引入增压器(86)的上端，以使增压器(86)移向一导前位置，该增压器(86)藉助于移向该导前位置而对一燃料腔(88)供以加压燃料；
将该加压控制流体引至一止回阀(72)的第一表面(82)，以将该止回阀(72)移向关闭该燃料腔(88)中喷嘴开口(54)的关闭位置并防止加压燃料流过该喷嘴开口(54)。
11.按权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
对用来接收该压力控制流体并可在第一位置和第二位置之间移动的一控制阀(108)提供压力控制流体；
使该控制阀(108)置于该第一位置，以便将该压力控制流体引至该止回阀(72)的第一表面(82)。
12.按权利要求11所述的燃料喷射器，其特征在于，还包括将该控制阀(108)置于该第二位置，以便将该加压控制流体引至该止回阀(72)的第二表面(84)，从而将该止回阀(72)移向开启该燃料腔(88)中的喷嘴开口(54)的开启位置。
13.按权利要求12所述的燃料喷射器，其特征在于，该控制阀(108)是一四通阀，将将该控制阀(108)置于该第一位置，使该止回阀(72)的第二表面(84)进一步暴露于一排出管路(124)，以及将该控制阀(108)置于该第二位置，使该止回阀(72)的第一表面(82)进一步暴露于该排出管路(124)。
14.按权利要求10所述的燃料喷射器，其特征在于，还包括将与该止回阀(72)配合的一个平衡轴针(104)的上端暴露于该加压燃料，该平衡轴针(104)的上端的面积与暴露于该燃料腔中加压燃料的止回阀的相对表面面积相等。
15.按权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，该控制流体是要被喷射的燃料之外的燃料。
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CN1299440A (zh) 2001-06-13
JP2002513885A (ja) 2002-05-14
EP1076769B1 (en) 2005-03-16
DE69924248D1 (de) 2005-04-21
AU3969499A (en) 1999-11-23
EP1076769A1 (en) 2001-02-21
CA2331163A1 (en) 1999-11-11
WO1999057430A1 (en) 1999-11-11
DE69924248T2 (de) 2006-05-11
US6161770A (en) 2000-12-19
CA2331163C (en) 2007-04-10

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