CN1115527A - 光纤连接器 - Google Patents

光纤连接器 Download PDF

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CN1115527A
CN1115527A CN95105672A CN95105672A CN1115527A CN 1115527 A CN1115527 A CN 1115527A CN 95105672 A CN95105672 A CN 95105672A CN 95105672 A CN95105672 A CN 95105672A CN 1115527 A CN1115527 A CN 1115527A
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connector
fiber
shell
optical fiber
fixed component
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J·M·安德森
N·R·兰佩特
小·R·W·莫克
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AT&T Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/389—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs characterised by the method of fastening connecting plugs and sockets, e.g. screw- or nut-lock, snap-in, bayonet type
    • G02B6/3893—Push-pull type, e.g. snap-in, push-on
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3887—Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features
    • G02B6/3888—Protection from over-extension or over-compression
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
    • G02B6/3834—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule
    • G02B6/3843—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule with auxiliary facilities for movably aligning or adjusting the fibre within its ferrule, e.g. measuring position or eccentricity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
    • G02B6/3854—Ferrules characterised by materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3887—Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features
    • G02B6/38875—Protection from bending or twisting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3887—Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features
    • G02B6/3889—Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features using encapsulation for protection, e.g. adhesive, molding or casting resin

Abstract

光纤连接器10，包括装在塑料基底150中的圆筒玻璃套管140，以形成纤维固定构件。该构件包括沿其中心轴50的小通道141，用以固定光纤并安装在介电外壳110中，外壳包括在其一端的开口111套管由此凸伸。弹簧160围绕基底并与外壳内表面相互配合促使伸出外壳开口。外壳还包括位于其一侧表面的弹簧锁120，该锁可手动操作，用于将连接器锁到相关插座40。

Description

光纤连接器
本发明涉及用于形成光学器件之间连接的设备，更具体地涉及接通光纤的连接器。
光纤连接器是基本上任何光纤通信系统的一个基本组成部分。例如，这种连接器可用于将分段光纤连接成较长长度；将光纤连到诸如辐射源探测器和中继器之类的有源器件；或将光纤连到诸如开关和衰减器之类的无源器件。一个光纤连接器的主要功能是维护两根光纤端使一根(光)纤芯轴向地与另一纤芯对齐；从而将来自一根光纤的光全部耦合到另一光纤。这是一项特别复杂的任务，因为光纤的载光区(纤芯)是相当小的。在单模光纤中，纤芯直径约为8微米，而1μm＝10-3mm。光纤连接器的另一功能是提供机械稳定性和保护处于工作环境中的连接。在耦连的两根光纤中获得低的插入损耗通常是随光纤端部对齐，端间间隙宽和一或两端的光学表面状态的情况而变。稳定性和连接的保护通常是随连接器设计(例如，不同的热膨胀和机械运动效应的最小化)而变。一个光纤连接器一般包括带有沿其中心轴线安装的玻璃或塑料纤维的小圆筒。该圆筒通称为套管或插头。
在一对光纤间的连接中，一对套管被端对端地对接在一起，而光则沿其公共的中心轴线从一端传至另一端。在该传统的光连接中，为最大限度降低由于连接引起的光损耗(插入损耗)，使玻璃纤维芯体精确对齐是极其理想的；但这只能作为一种可能的期望，当前还不可能实现完美的连接。制造公差可能接近“零”，但实际考虑到成本以及允许稍微不对准这一事实，故我们认为这种完美可能是不必需的。
U.S.专利4,793,683中示出一种光纤连接器的流行设计，其基本组成部分包括一个精密模制成的塑料锥形插头，其内有一对中的光纤；一个围绕该插头圆角部分设置的压缩弹簧和一个围绕插头和弹簧的固位卡圈。该卡圈包括有外螺纹，使其能经由一个具有形状最好描述为“双锥形”精密模制定位套筒的定位器与另一连接器耦连。该设计现已为U.S专利4,934,785中所示连接器所取代，后者包括圆筒形插头，固定该插头的底座，一个压缩弹簧，和一个围绕插头和弹簧的帽。在这一设计方案中，只有筒形插头必需为高精度的并一般由陶瓷材料制成。当两个这样的插头连在一起时，使用一种定位套筒，该套筒包括由金属、陶瓷或甚至塑料制成的一可拆(split)薄壁圆筒。该定位套筒不必做成象上述的双锥形定位套筒那样精密。
尽管上述连接器满意地做成了，但仍需作进一步改进。例如，由于将光纤选作为电视、数据和电话通信的传输媒体(多媒体)日益为人们所接受，故已形成要提供较高密度互连接装置的需求。所有上述的单工光连接器的结构方式，使得在插入插座或耦合装置和从其拨出期间必需用手抓住两端，因此，限制了将它们大量地叠加在一起的能力。已知的双工光连接器，诸如U.S专利4,787,706中所示那种，在拔离插座或耦合器件期间也要求手接触其外壳的相对两侧，这使得高密度光纤互连矩阵不可能实现。此外，人们始终希望在降低成本的同时提供一种仍使消费者能满意的连接器。人们怀着这种心愿参考了电连接器技术，也许最常用和合乎要求的连接器是通常在塞绳电话产品中所用的称为RJ11型插头/插口。这些连接器已获得广泛认可，因为它们价廉，它们工作可靠以及它们的操作易于为消费者所理解。然而，由于与光互连(特别在单模纤维间)相关的高精度和低插入损耗的要求，RJ11结构已不能合格地用作光连接器。U.S专利3,761,869和3,954,320中示出了这类电连接器的实例。
由于认识到由两个极小的光纤芯体的定位造成的工程复杂性，人们仍希望提供较小较便宜和更便于消费者操作的连接器。这类连接器在商业上有重大价值。
本发明的连接器包括有一轴向通道的纤维固定构件，用于固定终止于该构件端面中的光纤的一个端部。该纤维固定构件被定位于外壳内，而外壳包括接纳光纤的第一开口和使构件端面能贯穿那里伸出的第二开口。该外壳还包括位于其一侧面上用于将外壳固定到相关插座的一弹簧锁。该锁在通常垂直于纤维固定构件的轴向通道的方向上上下移动。
在本发明的一个图示实施例中，纤维固定构件包括一圆筒形插头和固定插头端部的底座。该底座通常呈圆筒形，但包括在其一端围绕其圆周的法兰。在本发明的该图示实施例中，采用了通常为方形横截面的两块电介质外壳。一块包括U形沟道，用于接纳圆筒插头/底座组件。一个螺旋形压缩弹簧围绕底座，弹簧的一端顶压法兰，另一端顶压外壳的内表面。最好，插头由拉制的玻璃管制成，其外圆柱表面有圆形横截面，其轴向通道(毛细管)基本上与外圆柱表面同心。此外，法兰适用使底座能适配进入外壳中的若干不同稳定位置，以致通过旋转底座使纤维偏心度沿预定方向取向便可最大限度地减小纤维偏心度。在本发明最佳实施例中采用了一个方形法兰。
从参照附图阅读以下详细说明中，将清楚理解本发明及其操作方式，附图中：
图1是一个光纤连接器与一限制弯曲、应力释放(strain-relief)护罩一道的后、顶和左侧透视图；
图2是图1所示光纤连接器的前、顶和右侧透视图；
图3是图1所示光纤连接器的部件分解透视图，示出了其相关元部件；
图4是插在容纳两个连接器的一个插座中的光纤连接器的透视图、该插座以横截面形式示出，并为清晰起见，以部分横截面形式示出该连接器。
图5所示一对互连的光纤连接器和插座的横截面视图；和
图6示出三种不同的先有技术光纤连接器。
参照图1，该图示出带有限弯应力—释放护罩20，端接光缆30的一个光纤连接器10的背面顶和左侧透视图。该光纤连接器通常呈矩形，具有方形横截面。连接器10的外侧表面包括一弹簧锁120，用于将该连接器固定到相关插座，以防止两者之间的不希望的去耦(脱开)。虽然不是要求的，但为获得低成本，用于其内容纳光元件的重量轻的外壳，连接器和锁是由热塑物品模制而成。弹簧锁120被模制在外壳内并包括一“活动铰链”(living hinge)125，使接头126能沿垂直于连接器10的中心轴50—50的方向上下移动(见图2)。在本发明的本实施例中，连接器具有4.6乘4.6mm的足迹(横截面大小)，故能比以住已能达到的密度更高的密度进行互连。
图2是图1所示光连接器和应力减缓组件的正面顶视和右侧透视图，以揭示该连接器前端部的其他细节。具体地说，套管140从一个两块组件的开口111凸伸，该两块组件包括在套管140及其相关元部件已被装入外壳以后已用超声法接合在一起的外壳110和盖100。所述相关元部件之一是弹簧，它使套管能通过开口111前后移动。套管的一个端面145包括与处于一般互连接中的另一套管的端面邻接的抛光平(坦表)面该套管仅仅稍微伸出外壳的前端部以便对它加以保护，避免跌落时损坏。正如稍后将要讨论的，套管最好由玻璃制成，并比用塑料、金属和/或陶瓷材料制造时更需加以保护。由于连接器小并可取用轻重量材料，故几乎不用担心连接器(配有玻璃套管的)会在跌落时损坏。减小了的质量相应地减小了冲击期间的力(即，F＝ma)。最后要指出的是由于其他已知器件采用了总体结构类似的锁，故尽管这类锁以前还从未用于光纤连接器，但锁120的操作是不说自明的，为进一步讨论锁120，再次参见图1。
弹簧锁120是相对简单的装置，它能以若干不同方式构成。在本发明的最佳实施例中，该锁完全处在连接器10之外，但在本发明精神和范围内将该锁构制成偏入连接器主体内部(即，以与图4中锁410偏置于插座40内的相同方式)，是易于实现的。弹簧锁120包括一对肩凸部121—121，该肩凸部位于接头126的相对两侧并在插入相关插座时自动向下偏置(见图4)。然后弹簧锁120在其自身的恢复力作用下回到其原位。肩凸部121—121各包括一与插座内的相应垂直表面432相互配合的垂直表面122以将连接器10和插座固定在一起—也就是说直到由于来自内部设置的弹簧160的力(见图5)使锁再次被向下偏置和连接器从插座部分地弹出，和从插座中拨出。要注意：锁120是一种悬臂梁，它由一种在施加力作用下能稍许变形的材料制成；但在卸除该力之后则回到其原始形状。各种金属或热塑料是适用的。一个指甲槽123与便于操纵锁120的接头124一道位于锁120的后端。
图3是图1所示光连接器的部件的分解透视图，示出了它的相关元部件。具体说，图3公开了连接器10的结构细节，该连接器包括外壳110，盖100和包括套管140，底座150，和置于底座附近的弹簧160的一个纤维固定构件。虽然纤维固定构件被示为用超声波焊接在一起的两块式组件，但它也能，例如，被构成一块部件或多块式组件。特别令人关注的是外壳110，它是总体呈U形装置，具有空腔114，以容纳纤维固定构件。一旦纤维固定构件被插入外壳110的空腔内，盖100便被连接到那里，盖100包括与外壳110中的孔116—116配置用以对正的定位销106-106。一旦连接在一起，连接器的前端部具有适于装入为接纳它而成形的插座40的总体方形(见图4，5)。上表面112和左侧表面101合成构成连接器10的前端的四个外侧表面的两个。连接器10的后端呈锥形具有四个相隔90°的平坦区，用于将连接器后端定位在应力释放护罩20的前端。顶表面118和左侧面102构成连接器10后端部的四个平面中的两个。外壳部件100，110包括界定围绕纤维承载构件的空腔114的多个内表面。该连接器包括在其后端接纳光缆30的第一孔119和在其前端的第二孔111，光纤承载构件的端面能穿过那里伸出。这些孔111，119延伸至空腔114内并定位于连接器10的相对两端。外壳部件100，110由热塑材料模制而成并已被设计成无靠模的直拉式模制以降低模制和零件成本。要指出的是弹簧锁120被模制成外壳110的顶部表面112。
类似于连接器的外表面，由腔114也有大致方形。外壳110的凸缘113包括一个为与底座150上的凸缘152的斜切面151相互配合而成形的斜面。再者，凸缘152的形状使其能被支承在空腔114内的若干不同稳定位置上——这些位置每一个均有相对于光纤固定构件中心轴的不同旋转取向。在本发明的最佳实施例中，凸缘152是方形并因此提供4个稳定位置，以可适应纤维偏心度(以下讨论)。压缩弹簧160围绕底座150的后圆筒部并顶压凸缘的表面153和顶压外壳部件110的空腔114内的表面115。弹簧160促使光纤固定构件的端面通过开口111。
套筒140可为具有一通过其中心轴的狭窄通道(直径约126μm)的玻璃，金属，陶瓷或塑料筒，用以接纳光纤的端部。在本发明最佳实施例中，套筒由硼硅酸盐玻璃制成。套管有约1.25mm的外径和约7.0mm的长度。在光缆30的结构中，一个薄玻璃纤维一般涂以两层可紫外线固化的材料(例如聚丙烯酸脂)作为保护层。然后将该被覆光纤涂以有足够刚度的热塑料以防止光纤维弯折并称之为缓冲纤维。为经受拉伸力，(否则该力可能折断该缓冲光纤)，该光缆以围绕缓冲光纤的加强部件32的形式构成一承载部分。在这方面适用诸如芳酰胺纱线等高拉伸强度的细长聚合纤维。一个例如包含聚氯乙烯的外护套31围绕缓冲光纤和加强部件以完成光缆30的结构。
在将其插入套管140以前，从玻璃纤维端部全部剥离这些不同材料层。将一种粘接剂注入通过套管140的中心轴的通道。然后将光纤的未涂覆部分插入套管的通道并用粘结法附装。弹簧160与光缆一起在套管/底座子配件140/150上受到予压缩并置于外壳110内。外壳盖100于是被安装并例如用超声法连接。光缆30的抗力部件32(例如芳酰胺纤维)被粘接剂附装到连接器10的后端并通过应力释放护罩20内的配对凸缘25(见图5)被压入一环状面槽117。光缆护套31和抗力部件32两者“夹”在连接器10的护罩和后端部之间。用于将抗力部件与应力释放护罩和连接器连接在一起的适当粘合剂是市场上可买到的HySol151，两组分环氧树脂。当对光缆30施加15磅轴向拉力时，最好光缆能保持与连接器10的连接。而在最好采用粘合剂的同时，也可选用折边套筒(Crmping sleeve)将抗力部件32和/或光缆的外护套连到连接器。
应力释放护罩20长约38mm并包括在其前端侧边各约4.6mm的方形部分。它由适当的顺从材料制成以使其后部能沿垂直其纵轴的方向弯曲。在本发明的最佳实施例中，应力—释放护罩由诸如Santoprene弹性体(可从Advanced Elastower Systems，LP买到)之类的热塑橡胶制成。因此护罩20的弯曲性能适用于将被封闭光缆30的曲线半径限于在一规定加载范围不小于20mm，最佳热塑橡胶被指定为253-50并有50D的额定硬度。此外，一部分应力—释放护罩20呈锥形并从一端22的约5.6mm最大直径至另一端24约3.0mm的最小直径。护罩20不仅提供了光缆30的应力释放保证，而且还确保光缆在互连之后能经得住重复弯曲而没有过度的应力传至玻璃纤维。
图4，5表示位于容纳两个连接器的双工插座40内的本发明连接器。插座40通过将其窄端推过开口而装入一平板60的该矩形开口中。插座借助弹簧锁410中的槽411而被固定其内，并可通过挤压弹簧锁和将插座向前推而从板上拆下。一般说来，两个完全相同的插座40-40通过端对端地将它们的凸缘412粘接在一起加以连接。配对部分421，423用于保证适当对准。尽管如此套管140在连接器中是完美地对准，但在连接插座之前要将专门设计的对正套筒500装入圆筒形开口422。适用的对正套筒由金属，陶瓷或甚至塑料制成，这些在本领域中是众所周知的并不再在此讨论。
图5示出在一对相遇于光平面70的光纤之间几乎对称的互连接。尽管图示了连接器至连接器的实例，显然该连接器也可连到任何光学器件。为改善清晰度起见，该图左半部分所示连接器和光缆是横截面而右半部分所示连接器和光缆不是截面。尽管如此，由于该图是接近对称，故有关对左半部分的叙述也适用于右半部份。套管140是通过将它们插入固定在插座圆筒形开口422内的对正套筒500而同轴地对准的。每个套管用粘接剂固定在底座150的配对开口中，并且每个套管包括一轴向通道141，光纤端部(其已被除去涂层)，即通过该通道延伸。每个压缩弹簧160促使其相关底座150和套管140通过同时顶压外壳部件110的内表面115和顶压凸缘152的表面153页朝向另一底座和套管。凸缘152包括一沿其前侧的斜切表面151，该表面靠在外壳部件110范围内凸缘113上的一个斜面上。
这种连接器被认为是一种“浮动”结构，其中两个套管是弹簧加载并由插座40中的对正套筒500支承。当第一连接器被插入左侧插座时，其相关套管140移过插座40-40之间的光平面(横向中心线)70。当第二连接器被插入右侧插座时，使两套管的端面145—145(见图2)之间接触，将第一套管向后推并分离配对表面113，151。第一套管继续向后移直到由压缩弹簧60-60提供的两套管的弹簧加载之间达到均衡。
图5中特别引入注意的是弹簧锁20在被插入插座40的同时向下移动，然后完全插入之后却是弹簧返回(向上)。该锁的下移是受到(插入期间)锁上的肩凸物和插座上的表面431之间的干扰(见图4)引起的。此后，插座上的垂直表面432同锁120的肩凸物121上的垂直表面122交互作用而将连接器锁定到插座内。通过用手向下(即沿垂直于轴向通道的方向)压弹簧锁120并拉光缆30或应力释放罩20即很容易地实现了连接器的卸除。由于锁的相应空间相当小故采用了指槽123。虽然图中每个插座40仅示出一个光纤连接器被插入其内，但其内足以以相距一定距离的方式容纳一对这种连接器。例如，当将两个连接器插入同一插座40时，一个在另一个上方，它们的锁向外安置以改善用户的可维护性。人们希望能将大量光纤连接器堆叠在一块小区内，这为改善图6所示不同先有技术连接器具有令人鼓舞的重大意义。
图6示出若干已知光纤连接器610、620和630，它们分别通过适当插座611，621和631互相连接。光连接器610，613通常称为SC型连接器并经由通过平板60中适当形状的开口延伸的插座611连接在一起。插入座和卸除SC型连接器一般要求用户能将他的/她的手指放在其相对两侧上。在必需以极接近的方式安装大量这类连接器的情况下，则必需接触连接器两侧势必减小总的堆放密度。光连接器620，623(FC型)也要求用户将他的/她的手指放在连接器两侧面上以便在插入插座621和从其卸除期间能充分旋转连接器若干次。连接器630，633(ST型)提供的改进是在插入插座631或从其卸除时仅需少量旋转。
于是，本发明提供了胜于已知光连接器的改进的堆放密度，因为其联锁机构通过仅仅压一个弹簧锁即能动作，而弹簧锁定位于连接器外壳的一个侧表面上，朝向其中心轴无需专用工具。
虽然在本发明实践中并不必要，但为种种理由起见，使用拉制的玻璃套管是最可取的。通常用于制造套管的陶瓷材料，其高硬度和高强度是不需要的。确实，由于玻璃套管的相对软的性能(往往比固定其内的SiO2基纤维还软)，对插头端面进行标准抛光通常导致略呈凸状的插头端面，可能形成略微(按显微镜标度)突伸的纤维。这自然地造就了使其能非常有效耦合的纤维结构。这不仅形成导致低的光损耗的纤维对纤维直接接触，而且这些连接器还具有异常低的信号辐射反射。在样品连接器中通常观测到的反射程度低于-55dB，而低反射度是理想性能，反射比是该材料折射率和界面的折射率差的一个函数，并由以下方程给定：
反射比＝-10log[(n0－n1)2/(n0＋n1)2]例如，就玻璃对空气界面而言(空气n0＝1.0，玻璃的n1＝1.47)，反射比近似为14.4dB(3.6％)。对n1稍有不同(即，n1＝1.48对1.47)的两个插头而言，反射比为-49dB(0.0011％)；和-46dB(0.0022％)。
另一方面，相对硬的陶瓷套管端面(带有固定在套管内的光纤))进行标准抛光时，往往导致材料优先从纤维逸出，以致纤维端面往往变得稍微凹陷。这本身导致纡维间的相对不良耦合。此外，由抛光陶瓷插头端面出来的较硬碎屑经常地损害纤维端面。这种损害可以是在用相对硬陶瓷插头的连接器中观测信号辐射的相对高反射比的一个因素。观测到的反射度比用玻璃套管的相同连接器大约高10dB，通常为-45dB范围内。正如众所周知的，从连接器的这种非连接性造成的信号反射是高容量光纤系统中的一个严重问题，因为被反射的能量可能干扰单模激光器的正确工作。
此外拉制玻璃套管比陶瓷套管较为廉价并能产生具有较好热性能和尺寸允差的连接器。例如，用拉制玻璃套管时，用常规方法能制造用于更需要的单模光纤的低损耗(一般＜0.3dB)的连接器。要强调的是：对于凹下的包层，具有8.8μm模场直径(Mode field diame-ter)的单模光纤而言，纤芯间近似1μm的未对准一般会引入近似0.23dB的损耗。
一对互连套管之间的对准偏差基本上认为是由称之为光纤芯相对于套管的“偏心度”的参数引起。偏心度定义为套管端面处套管的纵向中心轴与固定在套管通道范围内的光纤芯的中心轴之间的距离。一般，所述通道与作为基准表面的外圆筒表面不是同心的。再者，光纤可能不在套管通道范围内的中心，故光纤可能不与光纤的外表面同心。因此，该偏心度由套管道通内光纤的偏心度与套管范围内的通道偏心度组成。
若人能观看“亮”光纤的端部(这可不是一件该尝试的安全事情)，那么见到的则是具有稍许偏离圆的正确中心的一光点的圆。可将偏心度理解为具有幅度分量和方向分量的两维矢量。偏心度矢量的“幅度分量是圆心和光点之间的直线距离，而偏心度矢量的“方向分量”是通过相对于其原点是圆中心的一个2维笛卡儿坐标系之X轴的直线所成的角度。要指出的是传统光—连接器(即ST，SC和FC型)中所用的套管直径为2.5mm，而本发明最佳实施例中所用套管的直径是该大小的一半。使用拉制玻璃套管即获得这一情况的优点。当为制造小尺寸套管而被玻璃予成形被拉制成较小时，偏心度矢量的幅度分量被成比例地减小，这改善了精度。
由于光纤芯相对于套管的偏心度之故，旋转两个互连套管之一通常会改变固定在通道内的光纤的相对位置。由于很难控制在套管内端接光纤芯的偏心度，故在不保持紧公差致使相对的纤芯对准于大约0.7μm的范围内的情况下要获得所希望的0.1dB或更小的单横光纤损耗是困难的当然，这提高了制造成本。如果要连接的两个光纤端的总偏心度是完全相同或至少很接近，那么只要通过在对正套筒内相对于另一套管而旋转一个套管直到观测到最大耦合便能获得低损耗的连接。
本发明通过采用底座150(见图3)上的方形法兰152使底座能安装到外壳部件110的四个不同旋转转位置(0°，90°，180°，270°)之一，便能补偿光纤偏心度。在制造连接器10期间，通过测量纤维偏心度，基于该测量值旋转底座，然后以使纤维偏心度总是与外壳予定性能对准的方式将底座插入外壳110，来确定所选的特定位置。例如令偏心度总是与弹簧锁120对准。
虽已图示和描述了本发明的一个特定实施例，但在本发明精神和范围内可能作出各种改型。这些改型包括(但不限于)在连接器结构方面使用不同材料。例如，虽然玻璃套管是最佳的，但能用陶瓷，塑料或金属套管。还有虽光纤固定构件最好包括一个套管和一底座，但它可为一块结构。此外套管不必为圆筒形而可为固定以予定阵列形式的多个纤维而设计。此外，尽管已揭示的弹簧锁被模制在外壳内，但它可为附装到外壳的一个独立零件并例如由金属制成。此外，弹簧锁本身可被设计成移入外壳本身的主体内。最后，本发明适应采用塑料纤维以及玻璃。

Claims (10)

1.一种连接器(10)，用于端接光纤，该光纤包括终止于端面(145)和适于接纳光纤端部的纤维固定构件(140，150)，该连接器的特征在于：
具有界定空腔114和围绕纤维固定构件的多个内表面的外壳(100，110)，该外壳包括用于容纳光纤的第一开口(119)和用于使纤维固定构件的端面能贯穿那里凸伸的第二开口(111)，所述开口伸入空腔并定位于通过外壳的轴向通道的相对端；和
一个手动可变形的锁(120)；该锁有将外壳固定到相关插座(40)的装置(121，122)，以便防止它们之间不希望有的脱开，该锁被安置在外壳的单侧表面并可沿垂直于轴向通道的方向移动，所述锁包括具有其朝向外壳第二开口定位的固定端的悬臂梁。
2.如权利要求1的连接器(10)，其特征在于：所述纤维固定构件(140，150)包括弹簧部件(160)，该弹簧部件与外壳(100，110)相互配合，以促使所述端面(145)通过外壳中的第二开口(111)。
3.如权利要求1的连接器(10)，其特征在于：纤维固定构件(140，150)包括：
圆筒形插头(140)包括相关纤维要端接其内的端面(145)和端接在所述端面中的轴向通道(141)，所述通道适于接纳相关纤维的无涂层端部；和
一个基础部件(150)，用于固定插头的端部，所述基础部件包括与插头的轴向通道共线的轴向通道。
4.如权利要求3的连接器(10)，其特征在于：圆筒形插头(*140)具有大约1.25毫米的直径。
5.如权利要求3的连接器(10)，其特征在于：还包括一环形弹簧(160)，该弹簧(160)围绕基础部件(150)设置并顶压其法兰(152)，所述弹簧还顶压腔体(114)的内表面(115)。
6.如权利要求3的连接器(10)，其特征在于：圆筒形插头(140)包括一拉制的玻璃管，其圆筒外表面有圆形横截面，其轴向通道(141)基本与圆筒外表面同心。
7.如权利要求6的连接器(10)，其特征在于：玻璃管包括硼硅酸盐玻璃。
8.如权利要求1的连接器(10)，其特征在于：纤维固定构件(140，150)适于以多个稳定的角度位置固定在外壳(100，110)内；从而使纤维固定构件的角度位置相对于外壳可变。
9.如权利要求8的连接器(10)，其特征在于：纤维固定构件包括方形法兰，该法兰适于以四个稳定角位置固定在外壳内。
10.如权利要求1的连接器(10)，其特征在于；外壳(100，110)包括第一和第二互连部件，第一互连部件110通常为U型，带有用于容纳纤维承载结构的沟道，第二互连部件(100)通常是平的并为与第一部分配合而成形，所述第一和第二互连部件当被连在一起时所述第一和第二互连部件基本包围纤维固定构件(140，150)。
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CN102224392A (zh) * 2008-12-03 2011-10-19 莱卡地球系统公开股份有限公司 用于测量仪的光学传感器元件及其测量仪侧耦接件
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TW286370B (zh) 1996-09-21

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