CN1120359A - 混凝土模板墙 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种建筑构件,它包括第一和第二高密度泡沫板(12,14),每块板有内表面和外表面(30,32),顶部和底部(34,36),以及第一和第二端部(38,40),上述泡沫板(12,14)平行地隔开设置,其内表面(30)互相相对,在两块泡沫板(12,14)之间设有至少两件跨接部件(42),该部件穿过泡沫板并模制在泡沫板(12,14)内,各跨接部件(42)包括沿泡沫板(12,14)的顶部至底部方向上的一对长条形端板(46),它贴在泡沫板(12,14)的外表面(32)上,在上述端板(46)之间设有至少一件腹板件,它与端板刚性连接,各腹板件沿泡沫板(12,14)的顶部至底部的方向延伸,其高度大大小于泡沫板(12,14)的高度。
Description
本发明涉及一种用来建造建筑结构中的永久性混凝土模板墙的建筑构件。
在北美传的结构中,混凝土墙一般是用制作模板墙建造的,即,将混凝土浇注于墙之间的空腔内,当混凝土凝固时,将上述模板墙拆掉。然后,按需要将装饰材料敷设于该混凝土墙上。
在住宅建筑结构中,混凝土基础墙就是按上述方式建造的,之后,在基础墙顶部制作木框架。按需要在框架构件和内外装饰墙之间敷设隔热材料。
显然,建造上述结构中的两个部分的效率都很低。就混凝土基础墙来说,在浇注基础墙之后必须拆下模板墙,这样很费工时,也很浪费材料。另外,现在,特别是在较冷的气候下,一般要将所有基础墙隔热,并且在墙内侧单独设置框架和隔热材料。
这种结构物的木框架部件固有的逐件施工,不但费工,而且成本很高。
因此,多年来人们一直在努力设计更标准类型的墙体结构,以取得较高的施工效率。
其中的一种结构类型便是本发明所涉及到的类型。
特别是在欧洲,人们采用下述体系已有15年左右了,该体系综合了一般住宅及其它建筑结构所用的多种作法,以便节省材料、能源等等。该体系主要包括采用泡沫隔热材料来制作永久性混凝土模板墙。制作好模板墙,然后浇注混凝土并让该模板墙留在现场。这样建成的混凝土墙无需受基础墙的限制,但它却包括了建筑物墙的全部组成,无需再敷设隔热材料。另外,需要时,可在墙的内外侧敷设装饰材料。
人们还提出了上述体系的多种变换形式以实现各种改进。面所提出的迄今为止的所有体系虽然在多种情况下是很有用的,但仍具有某些缺点。
针对上述已有技术,本发明提供了一种用于该体系的建筑构件,当将这种构件制成墙体结构时,它具有超过上述已有体系的优点。
本申请人注意到1986年授于Aregger AG Baun-ternehmung的CA120936号专利。上述专利中所描述的构件包括十字形部件,该部件的两端完全埋入泡沫砖中,这是很不利的。
现在已经发现,在下述情况下可获得明显的优点,即,用于制作混凝土模板墙的建筑构件包括跨接部件,该跨接部件整个穿过泡沫砖,一直到达贴在泡沫砖外表面上的板为止。
因此,本发明提供了一种建筑构件,该构件包括第一和第二高密度泡沫板,每块泡沫板都有内表面和外表面,顶部和底部,以及第一端和第二端,这些泡沫板隔开间隔平行地设置,它们的内表面互相相对,至少有二件跨接部件架在上述板之间,穿过板并与板模制在一起,每件跨接部件包括一对长条形端板,该端板沿泡沫板的顶部至底部的方向延伸,并贴在泡沫板的外表面上,在端板之间至少设有一件腹板件,该腹板件与端板刚性性连接,每件腹板件沿泡沫板的顶部至底部的方向延伸,并且其高度大大小于泡沫板的高度。
在描述本发明的实施例的附图中:
图1为本发明的建筑构件的立体图;
图2为本发明的建筑构件的顶视图;
图3为本发明的建筑构件另一实施例的顶视图;
图4为用于本发明的跨接部件的立体图;
图5为图4所示跨接部件的侧视图;
图6为图4所示跨接部件的端视图;
图7为带有图4所示跨接部件的本发明的建筑构件的端视图;
图8表示一连串设于本发明建筑构件顶部的凸块和连接壁的立体图;
图9表示一连串设于本发明建筑构件底部的凸块和凹槽;
图10为按本发明所砌筑的墙的一部分的立体图;
图11为采用包括本发明的建筑构件所砌筑的墙的建筑物的一部分的剖面图;
图12为采用了钢筋的本发明建筑构件的立体图。
虽然本发明是结合附图所示实施例来描述的,但可以理解,本发明不限于上述实施例。刚好相反,本发明应包括在后面所附的权利要求书所限定的本发明的保护范围和实质的范围内的各种替换、改进和等同物。
建筑构件10包括由至少二个跨接部件42连在一起的第一和第二泡沫板12和14。
泡沫板12包括内表面18和外表面20,顶部20和底部24,第一端部26和第二端部28。泡沫板14包括内表面30和外表面32,顶部34和底部36,第一端部38和第二端部40。
如图3所示,根据特定的目的,可对板12a和14a进行改型。图3中的实施例表示了角部的断面。
跨接部件42包括由至少一件腹板件48连接的一对长条形端板44和46。在优选的结构中,每个跨接部件42包括一对腹板件48和50。
如图所示,例如,在图1中,端板44和46分别贴在板12和14的外表面20和32上。图7显示得最清楚,端板44和46通常嵌入表面20和32中,并基本与这些表面齐平。端板44和46通常沿着板12和14的顶部至底部的方向延伸。在正常使用位置,上述方向为垂直方向。
在图6的端视图中表示得最清楚,在跨接部件的优选结构中,沿板12和14的第一端至第二端的方向,以及沿该板顶部至底部的方向,上述腹板件48和50相互错开。在正常使用位置,上述腹板件分别沿竖直和水平方向错开。
腹板件48和50最好包括加强肋52和54,这两条肋在端板44和46之间沿腹板件的纵向延伸。另外,跨接部件42最好带有位于腹板件48和50之间的加强腹板56和58。通常,还设有朝向腹板件48和50中心的中心加强腹板件60和62。
在优选的实施例中,加强件64和66分别从腹板件48的顶边68延伸至端板44和46处。同样,加强件70和72分别从腹板件50的底边延伸至端板44和46处。
最后,跨接部件42最好在腹板件48的顶边68和腹板件50的底边上带有一串钩形件76。如图12所示,这些构件用来支承钢筋,如钢筋78。
每件跨接部件42最好是一个单独的整体件。上述部件最好用塑料制成。优选的塑料为高密度聚乙烯,尽管也可使用聚丙烯或其它适当的聚合物。
在制作泡沫板的过程中,把跨接部件42与板模制成一个整体。如图7所示,由于有下面将要描述的竖向连接件,所以端板44和46的高度最好与板12和14的高度基本相同,并且与板的顶部和底部平齐。
加强件64和66、70和72分别在板12和14的内表面18和30的外侧的点80、82、84和86处与相应的腹板件48和50相连。
如图10和11所示,一连串建筑构件10砌筑成墙88。首先,将许多建筑构件10推砌起来,形成空心墙或混凝土模板,然后,向该墙88的空腔部分浇注混凝土90,最后筑成墙。
为了便于推砌建筑构件10,在板12和14的顶部设有由矮壁94连接的一连串凸块92(图8);而在上述板的底部24和36设有相配的一连串凸块和矮壁98(图9)。凸块92和96相互错开,当建筑构件10的底部置于下方的建筑构件10的顶部时,下方建筑构件顶部的凸块和矮壁便与上方建筑构件底部的凸块96和矮壁98相配合,形成密封,这样便可防止在浇铸墙体时泄漏混凝土,以及能量穿过筑好的墙体而泄漏出去。
图2和3清楚显示,板12和14的内表面18和30最好分别设有多个凹槽100。浇注于空心墙中的混凝土会流入凹槽100中,从而可加强板12和14与混凝土90的粘接。
参照图10和11,图中表示了墙用于建筑结构的方式。可以看到,图10中的墙88是由一连串相互错开的建筑构件10砌筑成的。最好将构件明显错开,以便提供较高的连接强度。在本说明书上面描述过的48英寸的标准构件中,跨接部件42的间距最好为8英寸,而紧靠建筑构件端部的二个跨接部件与该端部的距离为4英寸。因此,当将板12和14相互叠置形成墙体时,各排的跨接部件在墙的整个高度上对齐,形成端板44和46的连续的长条。这正是本发明系统的非常突出的优点,因为内墙或外墙面的覆盖层可借助螺钉固定于端板44和46的外侧。
然后,可将地板托粱104置于6排建筑构件10的顶部,接着将建筑构件10中的部件106放好,以便继续砌筑这堵墙。
在图11所示的典型墙体结构中,墙88建于底座108上。然后设置排水管,墙外部抹灰浆及防潮层则与普通的混凝土基础墙相同。
如采用上面提到的标准尺寸,而板间距为
英寸(
英寸的混凝土)时,则该墙的隔热系数为R26。该值对墙体结构是很高的比值,因此无需另加隔热材料。除上述隔热性能的节能值之外,上述墙还对声的传递具有很高的阻抗,其声音衰减值为48DBA。
上面提到的标准建筑构件的重量仅为2.8kg左右,这对砌筑墙的工人来说具有很大的优点。
显然,本发明提供了一种建筑构件,这种构件可完全实现上面提到的目的和优点。虽然本发明是结合特定的实施例来描述的,但根据上面的描述,该领域普通技术人员很容易作出多种替换、改进和变换。因此本发明应包括落入本发明的实质及宽的保护范围内的所有上述替换、改进和变换。
Claims (25)
1.一种建筑构件,它包括:
第一和第二高密度泡沫板,每块板有内表面和外表面,顶部和底部,以及第一和第二端部,上述泡沫板平行地隔开布置,其内表面互相相对;
在上述泡沫板之间设有至少二件跨接部件,该部件穿过上述板并与板模制在一起;
每件上述跨接部件包括一对长条形端板,该端板沿上述泡沫板的顶部至底部的方向延伸,并贴在上述泡沫板的外表面上,上述端板基本上从泡沫板的顶部延伸至底部,并且在端板之间至少设有一件腹板件,并与端板刚性连接,每件上述腹板件都沿泡沫板的顶部至底部的方向延伸,其高度大大小于上述泡沫板的高度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述腹板件与端板为一整体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述跨接部件用塑料制成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述塑料为高密度聚乙烯。
5.根据权利要求2所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述跨接部件包括二件所述的腹板件。
6.根据权利要求5所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述二件腹板件沿上述泡沫板的顶部至底部的方向相互错开。
7.根据权利要求5所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述二件腹板件沿上述泡沫板的第一至第二端部方向相互错开。
8.根据权利要求5所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述二件腹板件沿上述泡沫板的顶部至底部方向及沿该板的第一至第二端部方向相互错开。
9.根据权利要求8所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述腹板件的下部包括朝向其各端部的一件加强件,该加强件从上述腹板件的底边延伸至相应的上述端板,而上述腹板件的上部包括朝向其各端部的一件加强件,该加强件从上述腹板件的顶边延伸至相应的上述端板。
10.根据权利要求9所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述加强件在上述泡沫板的内表面的外侧与上述边相连。
11.根据权利要求2所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述各腹板件包括至少一条沿其表面并在上述二块端板之间的加强肋。
12.根据权利要求3所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述各腹板件包括至少一条沿其一个表面的加强肋,并且上述跨接部件包括至少一件位于上述腹板件之间的加强构件。
13.根据权利要求12所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述加强构件包括一条肋。
14.根据权利要求5所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述端板嵌入上述泡沫板的外表面,使上述端板的外表面基本与相应泡沫板的外表面齐平。
15.根据权利要求2所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述泡沫板在平面上基本上呈矩形。
16.根据权利要求2所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述泡沫板由发泡聚苯乙烯制成。
17.一种建筑构件,它包括:
第一和第二高密度泡沫板,每块板有内表面和外表面,顶部和底部,以及第一和第二端部,上述板平行地隔开设置,其内表面互相相对;
在上述泡沫板之间至少有二件跨接部件,该部件穿过上述泡沫板并与其模制成整体;
上述跨接部件各包括一对长条形端板,该端板沿上述泡沫板的顶部至底部方向延伸,并贴在上述泡沫板的外表面上,上述端板基本沿泡沫板的顶部至底部的方向延伸,至少在上述两端板之间设有一件腹板件,并与上述端板刚性连接,上述各腹板件沿泡沫板顶部至底部的方向延伸,其高度大大小于上述泡沫板的高度。
18.根据权利要求17所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述腹板件在泡沫板顶部至底部的方向上错开。
19.根据权利要求18所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述腹板件的下部包括朝向其各端部的一件加强件,该加强件从上述腹板件的底边延伸至相应的上述端板,而上述腹板件的上部包括朝向其各端部的一件加强件,该加强件从上述腹板件的顶边延伸至相应的上述端板。
20.根据权利要求19所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述加强件在上述泡沫板的内表面的外侧与上述边相连。
21.根据权利要求17所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述各腹板件包括至少一条沿其表面并位于端板之间的加强肋。
22.根据权利要求17所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述腹板件包括至少一条沿其一个表面的加强肋,并且上述跨接部件包括至少一件位于上述腹板件之间的加强构件。
23.根据权利要求22所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述加强构件包括一条肋。
24.根据权利要求17所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述端板嵌入上述泡沫板的外表面中,使该端板的外表面基本上与相应的泡沫板外表面齐平。
25.根据权利要求17所述的建筑构件,其特征在于,上述端板基本上从上述泡沫板的顶部延伸至其底部。
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US08/041,412 | 1993-03-31 | ||
US08/041,412 US5390459A (en) | 1993-03-31 | 1993-03-31 | Concrete form walls |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1120359A true CN1120359A (zh) | 1996-04-10 |
Family
ID=21916387
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN94191655A Pending CN1120359A (zh) | 1993-03-31 | 1994-03-31 | 混凝土模板墙 |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5390459A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0694102B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH06346536A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1120359A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE154657T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU678576B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9406351A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2159318C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ285569B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69403902T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2105666T3 (zh) |
GR (1) | GR3024718T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1007340A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HU213816B (zh) |
NO (1) | NO953845L (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ262883A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL173230B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2129640C1 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK279585B6 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1994023145A1 (zh) |
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CN107060201A (zh) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-08-18 | 陈如意 | 一种建筑板 |
CN107268847A (zh) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-10-20 | 张勰 | 装配式免拆混凝土模板及其制造方法 |
CN114856042A (zh) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-08-05 | 金相培 | 具有隔热层的建筑物一体式模板及其施工方法 |
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-
1994
- 1994-03-31 CA CA002159318A patent/CA2159318C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-31 CZ CZ952547A patent/CZ285569B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-03-31 DE DE69403902T patent/DE69403902T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-03-31 PL PL94310944A patent/PL173230B1/pl unknown
- 1994-03-31 AT AT94910307T patent/ATE154657T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-03-31 SK SK1229-95A patent/SK279585B6/sk unknown
- 1994-03-31 BR BR9406351A patent/BR9406351A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-03-31 AU AU63507/94A patent/AU678576B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-03-31 NZ NZ262883A patent/NZ262883A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-03-31 RU RU95118288A patent/RU2129640C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-03-31 CN CN94191655A patent/CN1120359A/zh active Pending
- 1994-03-31 ES ES94910307T patent/ES2105666T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-31 WO PCT/CA1994/000172 patent/WO1994023145A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-03-31 EP EP94910307A patent/EP0694102B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-31 HU HU9502828A patent/HU213816B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
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1997
- 1997-09-15 GR GR970402361T patent/GR3024718T3/el unknown
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1998
- 1998-06-24 HK HK98106460A patent/HK1007340A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1325735C (zh) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-07-11 | 翟秀英 | 建筑节能墙体模块 |
CN102928145A (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-13 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | 预应力混凝土桥梁绝对应力检测方法 |
CN102928145B (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-12-10 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | 预应力混凝土桥梁绝对应力检测方法 |
CN103063337A (zh) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-04-24 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | 先后两次浇筑混凝土在施工缝处应力的测量方法 |
CN103290974A (zh) * | 2013-06-23 | 2013-09-11 | 哈尔滨鸿盛房屋节能体系研发中心 | 一体化保温墙体模块 |
CN107060201A (zh) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-08-18 | 陈如意 | 一种建筑板 |
CN107268847A (zh) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-10-20 | 张勰 | 装配式免拆混凝土模板及其制造方法 |
CN114856042A (zh) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-08-05 | 金相培 | 具有隔热层的建筑物一体式模板及其施工方法 |
CN114856042B (zh) * | 2022-01-25 | 2024-03-15 | 金相培 | 具有隔热层的建筑物一体式模板及其施工方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU6350794A (en) | 1994-10-24 |
CA2159318A1 (en) | 1994-10-13 |
DE69403902D1 (de) | 1997-07-24 |
NZ262883A (en) | 1996-05-28 |
PL173230B1 (pl) | 1998-02-27 |
US5390459A (en) | 1995-02-21 |
ATE154657T1 (de) | 1997-07-15 |
HU9502828D0 (en) | 1995-12-28 |
PL310944A1 (en) | 1996-01-08 |
EP0694102B1 (en) | 1997-06-18 |
JPH06346536A (ja) | 1994-12-20 |
CZ285569B6 (cs) | 1999-09-15 |
WO1994023145A1 (en) | 1994-10-13 |
CZ254795A3 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
GR3024718T3 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
DE69403902T2 (de) | 1997-10-09 |
SK122995A3 (en) | 1996-02-07 |
AU678576B2 (en) | 1997-06-05 |
BR9406351A (pt) | 1996-02-06 |
RU2129640C1 (ru) | 1999-04-27 |
HK1007340A1 (en) | 1999-04-09 |
ES2105666T3 (es) | 1997-10-16 |
SK279585B6 (sk) | 1999-01-11 |
HU213816B (en) | 1997-10-28 |
EP0694102A1 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
HUT75849A (en) | 1997-05-28 |
NO953845L (no) | 1995-11-20 |
CA2159318C (en) | 1999-11-30 |
NO953845D0 (no) | 1995-09-28 |
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