CN1121164C - 改进的吸收冲击力的缓冲垫 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种适用于产品或鞋类产品的吸收冲击力的缓冲装置,其包括可压缩的插入物,该插入物被包容在弹性包裹元件中。通过多个拉伸元件将弹性包裹元件固定到可压缩的插入物上。所述拉伸元件具有第一部分和第二部分,其中第一部分嵌入弹性材料,第二部分嵌入可压缩的插入物。在弹性元件中,还填充了流体,最好是可压缩的气体。
Description
本发明涉及用于体育运动、工业齿轮和鞋类中吸收冲击力的缓冲垫。特别是本发明涉及的吸收冲击力的缓冲垫包括密封的弹性封套,其中封闭有可压缩的材料和流体。在封套中,借助多个丝状物或形成于所述封套材料内表面的多个拉伸元件,使可压缩的材料固定到弹性封套上,保证所述丝状物嵌入可压缩材料,以致基本上可以防止所述封套和所述可压缩材料分离。
缓冲垫特别适合于吸收体育运动中遇到的冲击,充分且有效地将能量返回给运动员。特别是,缓冲垫非常适合于在运动员运动期间,短时间间隔内发生的强烈冲击和反复冲击。在本说明书中,提供了多种材料可以用于制造运动鞋类的鞋底部分的缓冲垫。但是,应当理解,本发明的缓冲垫可以非常好地结合进各种类型的鞋,例如女鞋、长筒靴、便鞋等,但不限于此。此外,新的缓冲装置可以在许多类型的体育运动设备中提供保护,在这些设备中,具有良好的、独特的缓冲性能和动力学特性,例如,橄榄球、足球、垒球、护膝、护腿、护肩、护颈和护肘、鞍座、头盔、手套、坐垫等。
在鞋类技术领域有许多吸收冲击力的装置,用这些装置吸收脚冲击的冲击力。一种通常使用的吸收冲击的方法涉及采用可压缩的填充材料块。例如,鞋的构造中具有棉花填充物、马毛填充物、橡胶、泡沫塑料、和类似材料。在这些鞋中,使用可压缩的填充材料固有的弹性吸收和分散冲击力。但是,这些材料没有足够的能力将能量返回给鞋的穿着者,而且反复使用之后,填充材料被压实,丧失其缓冲性能。此外,在强烈冲击状态下,除非使用相当厚的可压缩填充材料块,这种结构在使用中迅速完全受压,或者“压到底”,其结果是强烈的冲击应力传向穿着者的身体。当使得填充材料加厚,以便避免产生上述问题时,可压缩的填充材料变得麻烦而笨重,并且可能影响鞋类的构造,干扰运动员的行为。此外,当填充材料比较厚时将产生不稳定问题。
在构成缓冲垫的众多可压缩填充材料中,运动员使用的鞋类中,泡沫插入物是优选的好材料,因为它们重量轻且具有优良的缓冲特性。尽管在众多可压缩的填充材料中泡沫插入物具有优越的缓冲特性,然而已经发现随着时间的推移和周期性的负载泡沫插入物的多孔性结构产生退化,导致泡沫材料中的孔壁毁坏,相应的使插入物的缓冲特性迅速减弱。在另一方面,与下面将讨论的流体插入物相反,泡沫材料和其他可压缩材料不会产生立即失效的现象。
为了改善由可压缩的填充材料构成的鞋类的缓冲特性,已经对吸收冲击力的装置进行了改进,这取决于流体的性能。通常,这些缓冲装置由包容在弹性材料中的流体构成。在流体可压缩的情况下(如气体),这些缓冲装置主要依靠被封闭的流体受压提供需要的吸收冲击的能力。在流体不可压缩的情况下,主要通过流体流动和/或包容流体的腔壁膨胀和断面收缩提供缓冲能力。此外,还存在着结合了可压缩和不可压缩流体的缓冲装置。
可以相信,与泡沫材料或其他可压缩填充材料构成的缓冲装置相比较,在缓冲插入物中填入流体可以提供优越的、全面的缓冲和性能特性。特别是,通常认为在填充了流体的缓冲装置中能够非常有效的使能量返回,这有可能增加缓冲装置的寿命。此外流体的缓冲性能不随着时间退化。只有当包含流体的弹性材料受到结构破坏或者被穿孔,才能使缓冲装置丧失高水平的缓冲性能。因此,包容在缓冲装置内的可压缩和不可压缩的流体基本上可以提供寿命长的弹性包装物。但是,存在着两个制约因素使试图设计出这种优良结构的设想复杂化。
第一,具有相当长寿命的缓冲装置的弹性封套应该具有较厚的、强度高、耐久性长的特性。但是,较厚的封套不利于发挥流体具有的良好缓冲特性,因为流体特性被那些弹性材料的特性所取代或掩盖。因此,希望具有较薄壁厚的封套,以便获得最大有益的流体缓冲性能。不幸的是,薄而柔软的封套容易断裂,其寿命太短。
第二,当需要特殊形状的缓冲装置时,容易变形的材料优于不容易变形的产品。此外,流体没有固有形状。因此,弹性材料必须对流体保持定型的作用力。显然,较厚的强度高的弹性封套容易形成复杂的形状。但是,将失去流体介质的特性。当然,为了突出所需要的流体特性,可以使弹性元件很薄,且柔性好。然而,这将牺牲流体流动和/或压力控制能力。
如上所述,考虑到前面遇到的困难,提出成形的填充流体的缓冲装置,特别是受压的缓冲装置,其具有平坦或光滑的轮廓表面。对于上述两难问题,在美国专利US-4,219,945中提出了一个非常成功的解决方案,其中在弹粘性泡沫元件中包容了多腔体的、填充了压缩气体的弹性封套。在这个发明中,泡沫元件在脚和缓冲装置之间作为媒介,提供光滑的中间表面。此外,缓冲装置由圆管状腔体构成,圆管状腔体由薄的和不易变形的弹性材料制成,从而提供除流体以外的支撑作用。然后,缓冲装置包容在泡沫元件中,填满凸凹区域,提供特殊形状的寿命长的缓冲装置。
尽管,包容了填充气体的缓冲装置的泡沫元件非常成功,还希望对此继续给予改进。在这一方面,已经进行了大量的努力,通过采用垫状缓冲装置结合复杂的形状和组织结构获得支撑作用,以提供具有超级吸收冲击力的流体的性能。美国专利US-4,874,640和US-5,083,361提供了相当好的这种类型的缓冲装置。
美国专利US-4,874,640描述了一种复合缓冲装置,其包括柔性塑料封闭物,在封闭物中设有内部腔室。通常空气不能渗透该封闭物,并且通常填充有可压缩的流体。此复合缓冲装置还包括吸收压缩和冲击力的泡沫芯材,该泡沫芯材的外表面粘结到塑料封闭物的内表面上。该专利还建议通过在泡沫芯材的整个基体上包含丝状物、纤维或织物加强内部的泡沫缓冲元件。虽然,这种结构可以获得最初的缓冲能力,可以相信,在加强或不加强的泡沫芯材和外部的柔性塑料材料之间将迅速剥离。这种剥离可能引起缓冲装置失效和/或不稳定的问题。
美国专利US-5,083,361描述了一种由压缩气体膨胀的气密的包裹元件,该包裹元件的内表面固定粘结到双层壁的织物结构上。该双层壁的织物结构包括第一和第二外织物层,其面与面之间相互间隔开,并且由下垂的线相互连接。下垂线的功能基本上是作为拉伸元件,以确定相对的气体包裹元件的表面处于相互精确的几何关系。一般,借助穿孔或粘结到织物层的连接材料,使织物层在弹性材料内表面的末端相互连接。已经发现这种装置在商业上获得了成功。但是,这种装置相当复杂,并且制造价格昂贵。此外,应当注意,这种装置作为缓冲装置,在弹性包裹元件断裂或泄漏之后,则不能使用。
因此,在本行业中,需要相当便宜、寿命长、容易制造、包容了流体、能够控制形状和缓冲特性的缓冲装置。能够取得这种结果的特别优秀的装置是填充流体的缓冲特性与可压缩垫状材料的稳定性和可靠性的有效结合。
因此,本发明的主要目的是提供一种新的、改进的、用于体育运动和工业齿轮和鞋类的吸收冲击力的缓冲装置。
本发明的优点是提供一种新的、改进的缓冲装置,其结合了流体和可压缩的垫状材料的性质,使该缓冲装置具有很长的寿命。
具有包容流体部件和内部定位的可压缩填充材料的吸收冲击力的缓冲装置特有的重要优点是其优越的吸收冲击性能和能量返回能力与构成复杂形状的能力和提供缓冲支撑作用的能力相结合,并且当施加的负载使其他元件压到底时,特别是在流体流出的情况下,该装置仍然提供支撑作用。
本发明的其他目的和优点将通过下面的描述给予说明,或者通过下面的说明看出,或者通过实施本发明得到了解。通过结合和变更本发明的权利要求所述的特征,可以理解和获得本发明的目的和优点。
为了达到前面所述本发明的目的,如本文中包含和全面描述的内容,本发明的吸收冲击力的缓冲装置包括柔性包裹封套,其形成至少一个密封的腔体,在该腔体中包容了可压缩材料和流体。
借助丝状物将可压缩材料固定到包裹封套上,所述丝状物具有第一部分和第二部分,所述第一部分嵌入可压缩材料,而第二部分嵌入柔性包裹封套的内表面。在本文中使用了术语“丝状物”,但是这个术语包括纤维、线、线束、细丝、纺织和无纺织的织物或纤维,以及所有的等同物。
在优秀的实施例中,可压缩材料包括泡沫材料和可压缩的气体或蒸汽。最好,泡沫材料包括至少部分开启的小腔室,最好是氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫材料。
在特别优选的实施例中,可压缩材料是复合体,其中设有多个重叠的、加强的纤维或丝状物或线,它们以适当的定向方式排列,并且牢固的嵌入合适的弹性泡沫材料基体中。因此,具有独特的拉伸和抗剪切负载性能被附加到那些原先强度弱,不适合承受剥离、拉伸和剪切负载的可压缩材料上。在这个实施例中,加强的丝状物单独或与其他丝状物结合可以作为可压缩的柔性元件和包裹封套之间的连接元件。特别是,加强的丝状物可以从泡沫元件的表面延伸,并且嵌入柔性包裹封套,反之亦然。可以把表面磨削技术用于要嵌入的拉伸元件的自由端和暴露端,该拉伸元件的自由端出自可压缩元件的表层,以便它们嵌入并固定到柔性包裹元件上。
如本专业技术人员所知,可以使用许多方式在可压缩材料和包裹封套之间获得相互连接。例如,作为粗纺织物或织物(纺织或无纺织)的丝状物可以嵌入可压缩的插入物的外表面和弹性包裹封套的内表面。
另外,包裹封套可以包括多个小直径相互相邻的、高强度的、弹性好的、在其内表面的凸状伸出物或肋状伸出物。这些伸出物延伸进入由丝状物加强的可压缩材料,并且与该材料牢固连接。然后,伸出物嵌入柔性包裹封套在可压缩元件和柔性包裹封套之间形成牢固的抗疲劳连接。
作为另一种设计结构,当以丝状物为主的填充物(如棉花)形成至少可压缩材料的局部时,由填充物构成的丝状物可以嵌入包裹封套。
本发明由所述的新部件、结构、及其结合和改进构成。附图是说明书的组成部分之一,其与文字说明部分一起描绘和叙述了本发明的实施例,从而解释了本发明的构思。
图1是鞋的立体图,其中包含了按照本发明的技术构成的吸收冲击力的缓冲垫。
图2是沿图1中2-2线所示的剖视图。
图3是图2中所示本发明细部构造的局部放大的剖视图。
图4A-4F是吸收冲击力的缓冲垫在各种受压状态下的示意图。
图5A-5E是可以达到本发明目的的几种丝状物交界面的实施例示意图。
图6是沿图1中鞋的6-6线所示的剖视图。
图7是图1、2、3和6的缓冲垫的俯视立体图。
图8是沿图7中8-8线所示的横剖面视图。
图9是沿图7中9-9线所示的横剖面视图。
图10是曲线图,其表示单一受压元件的综合负载挠度特性;包含的单一流体的支撑力的特性和全部元件一致协调工作的结合特性。
下面结合附图详细描述本发明的优选实施例。
结合优选的实施例描述本发明的同时,应当明了,这些实施例不是对本发明进行限制。在另一方面,应当明确,通过权利要求书限定了包括在本发明构思和范围内的所有替换的、经过改变的和等同的技术方案。
下面参照图1和2,鞋1包括鞋帮2,该鞋帮2由皮革、维尼龙、尼龙或者其他现有技术中使用的纤维或材料制成,并固定在鞋底夹层3上。该鞋底夹层3固定到外底5上。在外底5上设有用于增加摩擦力的凸棱或其他触地元件7。当然,如果需要,鞋底夹层3和外底5可以由单一元件构成。本发明的吸收冲击力的缓冲垫位于鞋底夹层3中的腔体9内。
特别参照图2,可以清楚地看到脚的踵部,该踵部包括跟骨4和脂肪组织8,其位于鞋帮2内的鞋垫6上。在脚的下面,鞋底夹层3的腔体9内是本发明的吸收冲击力的缓冲垫10。缓冲垫10由弹性包裹材料11以气密封方式封闭流体(未图示)构成。与流体一同封闭在包裹材料11内的还有可压缩的插入物12。可压缩的插入物12由嵌入的丝状物13加固,嵌入的丝状物13还将包裹材料11固定到可压缩的插入物12上。如放大的图3所示,丝状物13的第一部分13a嵌入可压缩的插入物12,而第二部分13b嵌入包裹材料11。
应当注意,在本发明的范围内,吸收冲击力的缓冲垫内可以填充一种或多种可压缩的流体。优选的流体是由单一的,或者与空气相结合的惰性非极性大分子构成的气体。这些装置可以通过扩散的泵作用产生自膨胀,或者借助带有合适的阀结构的泵或压力源产生机械膨胀。例如,可以选择在鞋底夹层3上设置阀门16,可密封地连通吸收冲击力的缓冲垫10。
可以使用的特别合适的气体包括:六氟乙烷、六氟化硫、全氟丙烷、全氟丁烷、全氟戊烷、全氟己烷、全氟庚烷、八氟环丁烷、全氟环丁烷、六氟丙烯、四氟甲烷、一氯五氟乙烷、1,2-二氯四氟乙烷、1,1,2-三氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷、三氟氯乙烯、溴三氟甲烷和一氯三氟甲烷。在上述装置中使用的这一组气体中优选的两种气体是与氮相结合的六氟乙烷和六氟化硫。这些气体与美国专利US-4,340,626;US-4,936,029;US-5,042,176中的“被控制”气体,这些气体可以与围绕上述装置的大气正常结合,所述大气中的气体,即“流动”气体,可以扩散通过半渗透包裹薄膜,挤压上述装置。
还应该注意,填充到包裹材料中的合适液体是不可压缩的液体,例如水、半凝胶液体、油、脂肪、软化或液化蜡、甘油、软化肥皂、硅有机树脂、流变液体、触变液体和谷浆,这些液体都是例子,而不是对可以使用的不可压缩的液体类型进行限制。优选的不可压缩液体具有粘度50~3000厘沲,无毒、无味,而且在鞋类通常所处环境条件下不冻结。
柔性包裹元件最好从弹性材料中选择,例如:聚氨基甲酸乙酯、聚脂弹性材料、含氟弹性材料、氯化聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、氯磺化聚乙烯、聚乙烯/乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、氯丁橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁苯橡胶、乙烯丙烯聚合物、天然橡胶、高强度硅有机树脂橡胶、低密度聚乙烯、复合橡胶、硫化橡胶、甲基橡胶、聚乙烯醇和热塑性橡胶。聚氨基甲酸乙酯是构成包裹元件比较合适的材料。包裹材料也可以由美国专利记载的US-4,936,029和US-5,042,176中记载的晶体的扩散控制材料构成。
可压缩的插入物12可以由缓冲和鞋类技术领域中常用的任何衬垫材料构成,例如,棉花、橡胶、泡沫材料、马毛、塑料网状物等。最好可压缩元件包括至少有部分开口的小腔室的柔性泡沫材料。聚氨基甲酸乙酯或乙烯乙酸乙烯酯泡沫材料比较好。但是,对于缓冲和鞋类技术领域的普通技术人员来说,任何柔性的弹性泡沫材料都是可以使用的。
特别是,缓冲装置,填充的液体,柔性包裹材料和普通的缓冲垫结构(即形状、腔体数量,以及腔体在鞋中的位置,等)可以参考下列美国专利:US-3,005,272;US-3,685,176;US-3,760,056;US-4,183,156;US-4,217,705;US-4,219,945;US-4,271,706;US-4,287,250;US-4,297,797;US-4,340,626;US-4,370,754;US-4,471,538;US-4,486,901;US-4,506,460;US-4,724,627;US-4,779,359;US-4,817,304;US-4,829,682;US-4,864,737;US-4,864,738;US-4,874,640;US-4,906,502;US-4,936,029;US-5,036,603;US-5,042,176;US-5,083,361;US-5,097,607;US-5,155,927;US-5,228,217;US-5,235,715;US-5,245,766;US-5,283,963;US-5,315,769;US-5,422,185。上述专利在本文中作为参考。
如上述专利所述,本发明的缓冲垫可以制成鞋类产品中在踵部,脚掌部分,脚弓部分,它们的任何结合部分,或者脚部的任何区域的产品和/或通过本专业技术人员的设计,制成身体其他部分的缓冲产品。
最好,将柔性包裹材料11与可压缩元件12连接在一起的丝状物材料由聚脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙酯、聚酰胺、尼龙、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺、碳纤维、玻璃纤维、丝织物、棉花、羊毛、氨基甲酸乙酯、芳族聚酰胺纤维、涤纶、纤维素、人造纤维、椰肉干、醋酸纤维、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯和它们的混合物构成。当然,任何具有足够强度的、适合于可压缩插入物和包裹元件的材料可以用于制造丝状物。
此外,即使对于不合适的材料通过使用复合剂或偶合剂进行处理可以改变其适应性。而且,如上所述,连接材料不限于呈丝状的化合物。例如,可以知道,“丝状物”可以是经过处理的具有须卷、纤维甚至环状物的编织物,这些须卷、纤维或环状物从所述编织物的两表面延伸。在编织物中包括具有从表面延伸的纤维、须卷等物的纺织物和无纺织物。
最好,丝状物的离散度为每个丝状物之间是1~20但尼尔(denier),并且,其长度足以使丝状物的第一部分嵌入柔性包裹材料,其第二部分嵌入可压缩的插入物。特别是,优选的由纤维加固的交界面具有足够的抗拉强度,以致在包裹层和可压缩的插入物之间提供抗分离或抗剥离强度,至少为5磅/英寸。最好的例子具有的抗剥离强度至少为13磅/英寸。
由于缓冲垫具有容易形成常规形状或轮廓表面的能力,利用本发明的产品或装置的结构特别方便。例如,图2中所示的泡沫插入物的横断面有相当宽的顶面14和低面15。但是,如图6至9所示,泡沫插入物和相应的设置在插入物上的弹性柔软包裹材料具有确定的轮廓表面。
下面参照图6,通过使可压缩的插入物112在脚弓部114处加厚,使吸收冲击力的缓冲垫110形成与脚弓部114一致的界面。可以看到,粗纺的、定向的丝状物或粗沙在泡沫元件中合理分配布置。因此,这种缓冲垫提供了相当舒适和足够高的缓冲力。
在图7-9表示了这种合适的表面。特别是可以看到,缓冲垫210包括位于脚弓部下方的突起区域211,在脚掌下方的弓形区域213,在踵部下方中央具有相当大冲击缓冲力的突起区域214。横截面8-8和9-9对应于图8(脚掌弓部)和图9(踵部)。
下面参照图4A-4F,为了描绘清楚,将这些图放大,其表示本发明的缓冲垫具有的优良的缓冲性能。图4A-4F表示了缓冲垫中插入物的液体填充部分的受力形态,其提供了舒适的触感,即,当使用了可压缩液体时,脚由空气支撑,缓冲垫在受压力作用的状态下,提供了非常优越的和非常独特的能量吸收、分散、储存和返回性能。此外,可压缩的插入物提供附加的缓冲支撑作用,以及保证使该装置卸载后回升。从图中可以看到丝状物的交界面313将可压缩的插入物312连接到弹性包裹封套311上。
参照图4A,脚处于受“空气支撑”作用的状态,缓冲垫提供非常高的舒适度。特别是,流体支撑脚的压力非常小,同时脚对于该装置的压力也非常小。这一点在图10的曲线中描绘出。图10中曲线的横坐标上字母A-D分别对应于图4A-4D。参照图4B,其表示适度受压,例如轻用力行走,弹性材料311和弹性材料311中的流体受压;但是,作用力不太大,以致可压缩的插入物312没有产生相当大的变形(见图10中横坐标“B”)。在这种状态下,流体受压力作用吸收大部分作用力。参见图4C,其表示用力行走(或跑),缓冲垫处于很重的冲击。可以看到除包含在弹性材料311中的流体受压外,可压缩的插入物312开始变形,并且吸收部分冲击力(见图10中横坐标“C”)。下面参照图4D,其表示缓冲垫受到更重的冲击,例如跳跃。在这种状态下,弹性包裹元件311、包裹元件311中包含的流体和可压缩的插入物312接近“压到底”状态,即完全受压。在这种状态下,可压缩的插入物支撑和缓冲额外的负载,此额外的负载将使其他单一的纯流体/气体缓冲装置进入“压到底”状态(见图10中横坐标“D”)。因此,大部分力的作用被吸收或消除,使缓冲垫具有相当大程度的缓冲性能和耐久性,这是现有技术所不能达到的。在图4E中,消除了部分载荷,在受压流体的作用下,随着弹性包裹元件311向外产生力的作用,受力作用的缓冲垫向脚返回。在这个动作中,在脚弓和脚掌受力状态下,结合可压缩的插入物312膨胀到其原始状态,使大量多余的踵部缓冲冲击能量返回脚或身体,最终使缓冲垫返回其原始形状(见图4F)。
可以预见到多种构成这种装置的方式。例如,纺织的或无纺织的织物、编织物或等同物,其各侧面具有暴露在纤维表面的丝状物或环状物。然而,这些暴露的部分可以粘结到可压缩的插入物外表面的选定部分。例如,泡沫材料可以局部以化学或加热方式固化,获得固体中心和有粘性的可穿透表面。织物纤维在被向前压或固定之后排齐,设置和压入可穿透表面。最后泡沫材料固化嵌入丝状物中,产生固定粘结。数倍的高拉伸强度的纤维丝状物穿透受压元件的表层,同时覆盖和粘结可压缩的插入物表层的丝状物。同样,通过横截面可以看到丝状物向内朝向可压缩的插入物,以重叠方式设置,并且相互粘结。因此,当丝状物与丝状物相互重叠时,它们粘结,为可压缩元件提供优良的拉伸和耐压强度,并且与弹性封套粘结。
应当注意避免纤维暴露的侧面丝状物浸没,以致保证暴露的丝状物以确定的方式嵌入或固定到弹性包裹材料上。片状弹性材料或吹塑或其他预成型材料放置到纤维的顶表面和底表面,覆盖泡沫插入物,通过火焰处理、超声波、红外线、微波或高频加热,或者本专业技术人员公知的其他方法,至少部分熔化丝状物的表面,将丝状物固定泡沫插入物上。最好,弹性片材的表面只有受控制的深度部分熔化,使得暴露的丝状物仅有部分穿透弹性元件,并且嵌入其中。根据要求,丝状物仅产生部分穿透,因为当丝状物穿过全部包裹层时,将可能产生“泄漏通道”,使流体排出,最终使缓冲失败。
因此,包括至少一个受压元件的弹性包裹封套沿其周边密封,例如采用高频焊接方式。然后,借助流动空气的扩散,从一腔体输入另一腔体,将流体输入密封的包裹封套,或者利用针或阀,如图1中的件16,以机械方式注入流体,从而制成缓冲垫。
另一种方式是用缝或纺织粗纺出的枝装物或其他毛状物或具有均匀静电作用的材料设置到可压缩的插入物的半固化表面。
同样,加工方式可以改变,其中制备弹性封套,使丝状粗纺织物或纤维嵌入封套的内表面。然后,可压缩的插入物在弹性封套内固化,使得丝状物嵌入封套。这种方法是特别理想的,因为当粗纺的丝状物和弹性片材或吹塑成形的封套分别暴露在热压板下或热空气中时,粗纺的丝状物很容易固定到弹性片材或吹塑成形的封套上。此外,外表面首先固化,允许丝状物部分穿透封套。
另外,当使用具有丝状加强物的可压缩的插入物时,可压缩的插入物与丝状物构成一体,丝状物沿着可压缩的插入物的外壁延伸。最好,从表面延伸的丝状物按照需要的长度排齐,以便容易设置在弹性包裹材料上,并且嵌入其中。
另外,可以预见到,丝状物加强的可压缩的插入物可以被设计成指状或凸缘状凸出物,有或没有覆盖丝状加强物。当弹性包裹材料设置到该插入物上时,指状物和固有的丝状物嵌入弹性包裹材料。
如本专业技术人员所知,具有许多机械或技术方式可以获得可压缩的插入物和柔性包裹封套之间的丝状物交界面。重要的因素是丝状物有足够的长度和数量嵌入第一和第二部分,从而获得需要的剥离强度,最好至少为5磅/英寸,更好为13磅/英寸。最好,在固定区域每平方英寸有1000根丝状物。
当然,可压缩的插入物包括纺织、捻制、缝纫或编织出的纤维或丝状物,例如,缝纫棉纤维垫,很容易被卷曲加工,得到要求数量的丝状物,这些丝状物可以嵌入弹性包裹封套。在本发明中,丝状物直接“嵌入”并固定在纺织或编织结构的可压缩的插入物上。
在图3和图5A-5E中,丝状物交界面技术方案的例子用于说明本发明,而不是进行限定。在图3中,显示的经过加强的丝状物13的端部嵌入包裹元件11。下面参照图5A,许多缝纫粗纺的丝状物413嵌入弹性包裹元件411和可压缩的插入物412。在图5B中,可压缩的插入物包括指状凸出物514,其包括至少一部分经过加强的丝状物513的端部。因为凸出物514嵌入弹性包裹元件511,丝状物513也嵌入和固定在包裹元件中。在图5C和5D中,表示了作为丝状物交界面材料的纤维。在图5C中,设置在可压缩的插入物612和弹性包裹元件611之间的交界面上,具有许多环状物613的纤维610。在图5D中,卷曲的织物710具有许多暴露的纤维或丝状物713,将弹性包裹层711固定到可压缩的插入物712。在图5E中,弹性包裹层811的内表面设有伸出的凸出物813。这些凸出物延伸进入可压缩的插入物812,接触并固定包裹层811到纤维814上。
最后,应当注意到,可压缩的插入物和弹性包裹材料的丝状物的结合面可以采用粘合剂或连接层进行补充。
于是,可以看到本发明提供的用于产品的缓冲装置遇到冲击力时,具有非常令人满意的优点和效果。同时本文结合特殊实施例描述了本发明,可以预见,在上述说明部分的指导下,本专业的普通技术人员可以得出许多替换。修改和变化的形式。因此,所有包括在本发明构思和范围内的替换、修改和变化形式都记载在权利要求书中。
Claims (35)
1.一种缓冲装置,其中包括:
-一种柔性包裹材料(11),该柔性包裹材料包括一种预成型片状材料,形成至少一个密封的腔体(9),和
-包容在所述腔体(9)中的流体,
其中所述流体的至少一部分不渗透所述柔性包裹材料(11),
并且在所述腔体(9)中设置对压缩和拉伸力提供支撑作用的可压缩元件(12),
其特征在于
所述可压缩元件(12)通过多个丝状物(13)与所述柔性包裹材料(11)连接,各丝状物的第一部分嵌入所述可压缩元件(12),而第二部分嵌入所述片状材料。
2.按照权利要求1所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述可压缩元件的形状与人体形状相适应。
3.按照权利要求2所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述可压缩元件的形状与人脚形状相适应。
4.按照权利要求1所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:至少有两个相对的基本上呈平表面的部分。
5.按照权利要求1所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述可压缩元件由泡沫材料构成。
6.按照权利要求5所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述泡沫材料由氨基甲酸乙酯构成。
7.按照权利要求1所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述流体是可压缩的。
8.按照权利要求7所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述腔体有等于或大于0的标准压力。
9.按照权利要求1所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述流体是不可压缩的。
10.按照权利要求7所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述流体是从空气、氮、六氟乙烷、六氟化硫、全氟丙烷、全氟丁烷、全氟戊烷、全氟己烷、全氟庚烷、八氟环丁烷、全氟环丁烷、六氟丙烯、四氟甲烷、一氯五氟乙烷、1,2-二氯四氟乙烷、1,1,2-三氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷、三氟氯乙烯、溴三氟甲烷和一氯三氟甲烷和它们的混合物组分中选定的气体。
11.按照权利要求9所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述流体从水、半凝胶液体、油、脂肪、软化或液化蜡、甘油、软化肥皂、硅有机树脂、流变液体、触变液体、谷浆和它们的混合物组分中选出。
12.按照权利要求1所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述柔性包裹材料由氨基甲酸乙酯构成。
13.按照权利要求1所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:每平方英寸至少包括1000个嵌入的丝状物。
14.按照权利要求1所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述丝状物从聚脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙酯、聚酰胺、尼龙、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺、碳纤维、玻璃纤维、丝织物、棉花、羊毛、氨基甲酸乙酯、芳族聚酰胺纤维、涤纶、纤维素、人造纤维、椰肉干、醋酸纤维、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯或它们的混合物构成的材料中选出。
15.按照权利要求1所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述丝状物具有每个丝状物之间1-20但尼尔,抗拉强度为2-10克/但尼尔。
16.按照权利要求1所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:所述包裹材料与所述可压缩元件之间的分离强度大约为5-40磅/英寸。
17.按照权利要求1所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:用粘合剂将所述的可压缩元件固定到所述的包裹材料上。
18.按照权利要求1所述的缓冲装置,其特征是:在所述可压缩元件和所述包裹材料之间设有连接层。
19.一种用于鞋类产品的缓冲元件,其包括有确定形状的柔性泡沫芯材,以致至少保护脚底的一部分,所述泡沫芯材由封套包裹,所述封套由至少一种流体不可渗透的材料组成,该封套材料上有多个丝状物,所述丝状物的第一部分固定到所述流体不可渗透的材料上,而第二部分固定到所述泡沫芯材上,在封套内装有流体。
20.按照权利要求19所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述流体不可渗透的材料是可半渗透的弹性材料。
21.按照权利要求19所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述泡沫材料是有开启腔室的泡沫。
22.按照权利要求19所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述泡沫材料是有部分开启腔室的泡沫。
23.按照权利要求19所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述泡沫材料由氨基甲酸乙酯构成。
24.按照权利要求19所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述流体是可压缩的。
25.按照权利要求24所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述封套至少有0磅/平方英寸的标准压力。
26.按照权利要求19所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述流体是不可压缩的。
27.按照权利要求24所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述流体是从空气、氮、六氟乙烷、六氟化硫、全氟丙烷、全氟丁烷、全氟戊烷、全氟己烷、全氟庚烷、八氟环丁烷、全氟环丁烷、六氟丙烯、四氟甲烷、一氯五氟乙烷、1,2-二氯四氟乙烷、1,1,2-三氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷、三氟氯乙烯、溴三氟甲烷和一氯三氟甲烷和它们的混合物组分中选定的气体。
28.按照权利要求26所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述流体从水、半凝胶液体、油、脂肪、软化或液化蜡、甘油、软化肥皂、硅有机树脂、流变液体、触变液体、谷浆和它们的混合物组分中选出。
29.按照权利要求19所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述封套由氨基甲酸乙酯构成。
30.按照权利要求19所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:每平方英寸至少包括1000个嵌入的丝状物。
31.按照权利要求19所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述丝状物从聚脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙酯、聚酰胺、尼龙、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺、碳纤维、玻璃纤维、丝织物、棉花、羊毛、氨基甲酸乙酯、芳族聚酰胺纤维、涤纶、纤维素、人造纤维、椰肉干、醋酸纤维、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯或它们的混合物构成的材料中选出。
32.按照权利要求19所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述丝状物之间具有大约1-20但尼尔。
33.按照权利要求19所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述泡沫芯材与所述封套之间的分离强度大约为5-40磅/英寸。
34.按照权利要求19所述的缓冲元件,其特征是:所述丝状物由织物构成。
35.一种鞋类产品,其包括罩住脚和脚底部分的封套,该封套包括弹性材料,该弹性材料基本上不可渗透大分子、非极性气体,而空气是可渗透的,该封套有缓冲垫的形状,所述缓冲垫中包括可压缩的插入物和所述气体,多个丝状物将所述弹性材料和所述可压缩的插入物连接在一起。
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- 1996-08-16 EP EP96113194A patent/EP0759276B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-16 ES ES96113194T patent/ES2100145T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-17 CN CN96113223A patent/CN1121164C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-17 KR KR1019960034057A patent/KR100230702B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-08-22 TW TW085110265A patent/TW326389B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-04-20 US US09/062,847 patent/US6127010A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108741402A (zh) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-06 | 三六度童装有限公司 | 鞋底减震部件、减震鞋底和减震鞋 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0759276A2 (en) | 1997-02-26 |
CA2182753C (en) | 2000-02-01 |
ES2100145T1 (es) | 1997-06-16 |
KR100230702B1 (ko) | 1999-11-15 |
US5741568A (en) | 1998-04-21 |
MX9603398A (es) | 1997-07-31 |
EP0759276A3 (en) | 1997-12-17 |
ES2100145T3 (es) | 2003-04-01 |
EP0759276B1 (en) | 2002-11-06 |
US6127010A (en) | 2000-10-03 |
DE69624640D1 (de) | 2002-12-12 |
DE69624640T2 (de) | 2003-04-03 |
AR003260A1 (es) | 1998-07-08 |
TW326389B (en) | 1998-02-11 |
KR970010111A (ko) | 1997-03-27 |
MY123059A (en) | 2006-05-31 |
CA2182753A1 (en) | 1997-02-19 |
CN1153622A (zh) | 1997-07-09 |
DE759276T1 (de) | 1997-09-04 |
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