CN1126344C - 基于因特网协议的分布式实时多媒体流结构 - Google Patents

基于因特网协议的分布式实时多媒体流结构 Download PDF

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CN1126344C
CN1126344C CN98121398A CN98121398A CN1126344C CN 1126344 C CN1126344 C CN 1126344C CN 98121398 A CN98121398 A CN 98121398A CN 98121398 A CN98121398 A CN 98121398A CN 1126344 C CN1126344 C CN 1126344C
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CN1216422A (zh
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丹尼斯·布什米奇
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Abstract

多媒体推进引擎通过一个具有多传递路径的多路广播网络与多媒体客户机通信。代表用于传递的媒体选择的流型数据利用一种非分层编码技术通过多媒体推进引擎进行分布，在这种技术中，数据用子流成分群表示，能够由比原始流型数据的所有成分少的成分重构。重构中使用的成分数越多，由重构流提供的服务质量就越高。在接纳控制单元打开多路广播流的地方，组多路广播会话的接纳控制以一种分布式的方式管理，所有随后的接纳控制的决定由媒体推进引擎本身做出。

Description

基于因特网协议的分布式实时多 媒体流结构
本发明通常涉及联网的多媒体系统。更特别地，本发明涉及一种媒体传递系统，用于通过一个多路广播网络将媒体选择传递到一个或多个媒体客户机。
随着因特网的爆炸性发展，关于使用因特网以及其它基于因特网协议的网络来传递(delivery)多媒体选择，例如视频和音频材料的兴趣也逐渐提高。交互式电视、点播电影以及其它多媒体推进(push)技术属于更有前途的应用。
因特网是一个提供最大努力的(best effort)传递服务的无连接的网络。数据的包以携带目标接收器的地址的数据报的形式被路由。在发送器和接收器之间不需要一个特定的连接，因为网络上的所有宿主机节点包含固有的能力，能将数据报点到点发送直到实现传递。这种数据包传递方案作为一个最大努力的传递系统来构造，其中不保证数据包的传递。数据包可以通过不同的路由传递以尽力增大传递的可能性。因而，如果网络上的一个节点拥塞，随后的数据报可以改变路由以避开该拥塞的节点。这意味着数据数据包无法固有地具有一个能保证的到达时间。即使对应单条消息的包也可能在接收时无序。这个事实严重影响了多媒体数据传递的确定性。
在许多情况下，多媒体数据需要实时传递。在音频或视频数据的情况下，代表一个特定媒体选择的数据流需要以正确的时间顺序传递，以允许用户在音频或视频选择被传递时能“实况”重放。显然，如果数据包由于采用不同的传递路由而无序传递，则多媒体客户机(例如，一个用户的交互式电视)处的重放将会混乱。
实时协议(RTP)是用于在因特网(或其它基于IP协议的网络)上传递实时内容的当前事实上的标准。实时协议用一种实时请求能够直接用于数据传递的框架取代了常规的传递控制协议(TCP)。当前，RTP标准支持第一类型的消息，即用于携带媒体内容数据或流型数据的消息。典型地，一个单独的协议，实时控制协议(RTCP)与RTP一起使用，以通过用于会话管理、速率适应等的控制消息。
实时协议能够用于在计算机网络上传递多媒体流型数据，现有结构尚未证实其足够强健以至能利用例如由因特网提供的最大努力的网络服务以提供高质量的表现。本发明通过利用一种能够从多源并且经过多个分布路径冗余地提供流型数据的分布式媒体推进结构解决了这个问题。媒体推进引擎(engine)具有相连的媒体存储单元，它将流型数据存储为非分层的子流成分群。由比所有成分少的成分能够重构为一个重构流，使得重构中使用的成分数越多，重构流的质量就越高。
常规的系统使用的分层编码方案将一些成分视为比其它成分重要。因而，常规的系统典型地需要扩展相当多的资源以保证更重要的成分总是被传递。相反，本发明的媒体传递系统使用的一种非分层编码方案，多描述(description)编码(MDC)对所有的成分同等看待。因而，没有特定的资源需要分配以保证给定的子流成分群被传递。自然地，传递的成分数越多，获得的质量越高；另一方面，不象常规的分层编码，任何给定的单个包的丢失不会略微地降低信号质量。
分布式媒体传递系统还使用了一种分布式接纳控制系统。媒体客户机与一单个接纳控制单元联系以请求一个给定的媒体选择，但是此后接纳控制决定由媒体推进引擎本身以分布式方式处理。接纳控制单元将请求传达到分布在网络中的多个媒体推进引擎，并且这些推进引擎分别地决定它们是否能够参与多路广播会话。因而，各个媒体推进引擎估计本地的业务拥塞以决定是否它能够提供所请求的数据流。因而接纳控制单元不涉及直接决定应该允许哪个媒体推进引擎进入一个多路广播组会话。接纳控制单元以分布式的方式简单地分配多路广播组会话地址，并且然后允许接纳步骤自主进行。
为了对本发明、其目的以及优点有更完整的理解，必须参考以下说明书以及附图。
图1是显示本发明的一个首选实施例的网络数据报；
图2是一个详细的网络数据报，显示如何利用非分层多描述编码在网络上分布两个不同的数据流(X和Y)；
图3是显示多描述编码(MDC)的一个实施例的数据流程图；
图4是显示TCP/IP结构以及显示RTP结构可以如何并入一个基于IP的系统的一个层数据报；
图5是显示根据实时协议(RTP)的包格式的详细的格式数据报；
图6是显示根据本发明的访问接纳和会话管理的一个网络数据报；
图7是显示在多路广播IP网络上的媒体推进引擎和多媒体之间的信息流的一个详细的网络数据报；
图8是显示源成分服务器重新分布步骤的一个网络数据报；以及
图9是显示如何修改实时协议(RTP)以提高可靠性的一个协议数据报。
参考图1，一个代表性的分布式联网的多媒体系统以10表示。多个媒体推进引擎12可通过多路广播网络14访问。当前首选的实施例设计为在一个使用因特网协议(IP)的网络上工作；然而，本发明的原理可以容易地扩展到使用其它协议的网络。网络14还可被一个或多个多媒体客户机16访问，如图所示。一个可通过网络14访问的接纳控制单元18，执行某些接纳控制功能，主要以启动(initiate)或开放一个多路广播组会话。接纳控制单元包括一个目录服务系统20。目录服务系统包含一个数据库记录，显示哪些多媒体选择可由多个媒体推进引擎传递。尽管接纳控制步骤涉及开放一个多路广播组会话，但是它实际上是以如下面将要更充分地讨论的分布式方式执行的。
分布式媒体传递系统通过开放媒体客户机与具有可传递的被请求的媒体选择的媒体推进引擎之间的一个多媒体组会话，从一个多媒体客户机响应传递请求。典型地，多媒体推进引擎将参与同时传递与被请求的选择相应的流型数据。多媒体客户机是一个执行提供(presentation)功能的用户宿主机。它从由参与的媒体推进引擎传递的不同的流成分重构一个最终的流。每个媒体推进引擎有其自身的用于流成分数据的数据存储器，并且这些数据存储系统能够被具有可安装的和透明的存储和恢复功能的一个适当的分布式文件系统作为媒介。
分布式媒体传递系统的一个重要方面是流型数据存储在媒体推进引擎的方式。不象传统的以分层方式存储多媒体数据的系统，本发明利用一种非分层编码方案，这里称为多描述编码(MDC)。多描述编码将视频和/或音频流分离为称作成分的子流。则每个成分能被编码并且在网络上与所有其它成分独立地传递。多媒体客户机16上的客户软件能够从成分的任意子集中集合一个重构流。因而重构流能从少于所有成分的成分中被集合。重构中使用的成分数越多，重构流的质量就越高。
利用这种非分层编码在固有不可靠的网络上传递流型数据能提供惊人强大的媒体传递，特别是当媒体推进引擎参与传递时。正如将更充分地讨论的那样，媒体推进引擎本身以分布式方式控制多路广播组会话接纳进程，按照维持高服务质量的需要增加或减去媒体推进引擎。因而，当多路广播网络14呈现低业务量拥塞时，仅需要少数媒体推进引擎以提供所有MDC编码流的成分。即使一些成分不以及时方式传递，多媒体客户机仍然能够重构用于提供的流(以一定程度的降低的质量)。如果网络业务量拥塞程度高，媒体推进引擎相互协商以增加附加的媒体推进引擎。因为接纳控制进程步骤是分布式的，单独的媒体推进引擎能够估计它们自己本地的业务量拥塞，并且将依靠本地业务量条件，因而参与或者不参与组会话。
图2更详细地显示多描述编码如何工作。在图2中，两个用X和Y表示的多媒体流通过多个媒体推进引擎存储。这些流被断开成子流成分，用下标X1，X2，…，Xn；Y1，Y2，…，Yn表示。注意到通过多个媒体推进引擎存储的子流成分对于每个引擎没有必要是相同的。因而媒体推进引擎12a存储成分X1，X6和Y1。同样地，媒体推进引擎12b存储成分X2，X7和Y2。另外，媒体推进引擎12c存储成分X3、X8和Y1；媒体推进引擎12d存储成分X4和Y2；以及媒体推进引擎12e存储成分X5。
多媒体客户机通过以正确的顺序累加正确的子流成分来重新集合感兴趣的流型数据。因而多媒体客户机16a重构图示的流X，而多媒体客户机16b重构图示的流Y。各个子流成分从不同的媒体推进引擎通过不同的路径到达多媒体客户机没有关系。
当前首选的多描述编码方案的结构如图3所示。原始的多媒体数据流(例如视频和/或音频数据)被分解为多个子信号，并且然后每个子信号被独立地压缩。如上所述，分解是非分层的，使得可接受的信号能够从任意一个子信号恢复，通过附加的子信号能够实现改进，并且当所有子信号正确接收时实现理想的重构。此外，更可取的是使综合压缩增益最大，只要满足以上三个标准。
分解原始信号的一个途径是将每个子信号构造为原始信号的一个简化的分解表述。如图所示，这可以通过使原始信号经过一个低通滤波器后接下采样(downsampling)来实现。因而子信号仅在采样位置上不同。如果需要，这种分解能够通过一个包括前置滤波器及其变型的滤波器系列获得。
应选择前置滤波器以抑制低采样子信号中的混叠成分。这有助于降低子信号编码所需的比特率，并且有助于使得能够从单个子信号恢复一个可接受的图象。
应进一步选择前置滤波器使其不完全消除高频成分。如果高频成分被完全消除，则即使所有的子信号都存在，也将无法恢复原始信号中的那些成分。因而滤波器应该抑制，但不是完全消除高频成分。
数学上，子流成分重构为一个重构流包括使关联所有子流中的采样以及原始流中的采样的矩阵方程转置。典型地，这可能包括一个大的矩阵方程，以及占用大的计算量和存储空间的转置。处理这个计算重任的一个途径是使用一种块递归重构方法。在递归步骤中的每一步，原始流中的一个2×2采样的块基于接收到的子成分流中的相当于四个相应的采样被恢复。当然，其它计算技术可以用来达到相同的结果。关于利用多描述编码以非分层方式编码和解码的更多信息，见“Robust Image Coding andTransport in Wireless Networks Using a Non-HierarchialDecomposition”，Yao Wang and Doo-man Chung。Mobile MultimediaCommunications；Goodman(Plenum Press)
MDC编码的子流利用实时协议(RTP)用于内容传递以及实时控制协议(RTCP)以实现流控制，在多路广播网络上以数据报传递。这些协议能够与许多因特网应用程序使用的流行的TCP/IP协议自然地共存。图4通过五个实体如何相互通信的一个例子提出了这些协议的一个综述。在图5中，实体30-38利用因特网普及的层结构相互通信。当然，可以理解图4只打算显示当前首选的实时协议(RTP)如何并入一个可能的结构方案。尽管实时协议是当前首选的，这里不打算作为本发明在其更广泛的方面的一个限制。相反，可以适当地使用其它消息传递协议。
在图4中，每个通信实体30-38以一个层结构显示，底部有物理层且顶部有应用层。实体30在物理级(level)使用以太网协议与实体32通信。实体32与实体34在物理级使用ATM协议通信。以同样方式，实体34使用以太网协议与实体36通信，并且实体36使用PPP协议与实体38通信。再一次，选择在此显示的物理层通信协议不打算作为如附加权利要求书所述的本发明的一个限制。
物理层上面是因特网协议(IP)层。IP协议使物理层或传递层与应用层分离。IP协议支持信息的包以数据报传递和接收的无连接的通信。注意到在图4显示的例子中所有的通信实体都使用IP协议。
在IP协议的上一层显示了两个不同的更高水平的协议，TCP协议和UDP协议。再一次，该图示仅打算作为一个可能的配置的一个例子。UDP协议或用户数据报协议代表一个简单的传递协议。它不试图保持它传递消息的顺序。TCP协议或传递控制协议提供更高水平的可靠性，还确保数据报以正确的顺序传递。TCP协议使用一个确认系统以确保所有的数据报以以正确的顺序传递。TCP协议包括一个用于重新传递未确认的包的机构。这个确认/重新传递技术保证正确的包传递，但是它不保证包实时传递。因而TCP协议通常不适用于传递实时数据例如多媒体视频和/或音频数据。
实时协议(RTP)用应用程序能够直接使用的一个简单的框架取代了更复杂的TCP传递协议。RTP协议简单地忽略丢失的数据，而不是提供一个会引入传递延迟的丢失数据探测和重新传递机构。RTP协议还不典型地涉及包传递的顺序。协议假定它上面的应用层将修正任何错序的数据。RTP协议与许多不同的编码标准例如MPEG、JPEG和H.261兼容。
在图4显示的例子中，实体30和38都运行RTP协议。因而流型数据能够从实体30通过包括实体30、32、34、36和38的网络提供给实体38。
RTP协议设计用于多路广播业务。多路广播是消息可以以指定的群传递到许多不同的接收器的一种消息广播形式。多路广播地址识别接口群，经常包括属于不同系统的多接口。当一条消息具有一个多路广播目的地址时，网络努力将其传递到群中的所有接口。这个功能使一个系统一次产生一条消息并且使该消息传递到许多不同的接收器。
除了将数据包传递到多接收器以外，多路广播网络还典型地支持从消息接收器的反馈。典型地，多路广播组会话中的所有参与者都能够接收这些反馈消息。这些反馈消息一般用于实时业务控制，遵循一个有关的实时控制协议(RTCP)。在某些方面，RTCP是RTP的一个可选扩展。当前首选的实施例使用RTCP包在参与组多路广播会话的实体之间传递流控制和会话管理信息。
图5显示RTP包格式。注意到包包括在以正确的时间顺序重新集合包时使用的一个顺序号和时间戳记(stamp)。
图6和图7显示在一个多路广播组会话中，多媒体客户机、接纳控制单元以及媒体推进引擎如何相互通信的细节。确切地，图6显示首选实施例的基本消息流和通信顺序。图7给出在将子流成分数据报从媒体推进引擎发送到多媒体客户机时如何使用RTP协议和RTCP协议的一个更详细的图示。
首先参考图6，多媒体客户机16将一条单路广播TCP协议消息发送到接纳控制单元18，请求开始传递特殊的媒体选择。接纳控制单元18查询其目录服务系统20以确定被请求的选择(即被请求的流)是否在网络上。假定流存在，接纳控制单元将一条流开放消息传递到那些具有被请求的选择的至少若干子流成分的媒体推进引擎12。这个开放流请求被发送到所有媒体推进引擎。那些发现自己能够服务被请求的流成分的媒体推进引擎共同地进入仅在服务和接收该特定流的宿主机之间的多路广播会话管理和流控制会话。参与的媒体推进引擎和参与的多媒体客户机从接纳控制单元获得这个控制多路广播组会话需要的地址。此后，接纳控制单元有效地退出会话，允许随后的会话管理和流控制消息仅在多路广播组成员(即多媒体客户机和所有相应的媒体推进引擎)之间交换。这降低了接纳控制单元18上的管理费用(overhead)。
接纳控制单元产生多路广播会话使用的一个多路广播D级地址。该地址可以选自一个可用的多路广播地址实体库。因而接纳控制单元负责管理多路广播地址的分配。当一个多路广播会话结束时，接纳控制单元将多路广播会话地址返回到可用地址库。
因而多路广播组会话一旦启动，那些能够支持子流成分的媒体推进引擎将通过发送单路广播RTP会话流型数据到多媒体客户机16这样做。通过RTCP协议，这些媒体推进引擎可以相互通信，以按照维持高质量服务的需要加入或离开一个多路广播组会话。
参考图7，媒体推进引擎和多媒体客户机通过网络在两个不同的水平通信。如虚线所示，一个单路广播RTP会话将多媒体流型数据传递到多媒体客户机。同时，按照需要，媒体推进引擎和多媒体客户机相互发送RTCP报告，确切地除了任何适当的流控制命令和其它会话管理命令(例如开始推进、暂停、继续)外还有发送器报告和接收器报告。RTCP控制信号在图7中用双向实线表示。
必要地，接纳控制单元发送流开放消息后，每个媒体推进引擎查询其相连的媒体存储系统以决定其是否能够服务被请求的流成分。如果是，则媒体推进引擎加入指定的多路广播组。否则它不参与多路广播会话(除非稍后被请求)。媒体推进引擎一旦加入多路广播组，它就利用RTCP协议参与通信，由此所发送数据和所接收数据的统计资料在组成员之间交换。如上所述，接纳控制单元不需要参与这些通信并且因此它将保持暂停除非另一个会话的请求出现或直到当前会话请求终止。
有效地，系统提供一个分布式接纳控制系统，其中，参与的组成员共同地和分别地做出接纳控制决定。这种分布式方法的一个好处是本发明能够并入智能机构，以防止网络拥塞和提高服务质量，尽管多路广播网络是不保证实时传递的最大努力的网络。
最大努力的网络，特别是那些缺乏复杂业务和用户控制合同的网络，遇到频繁的拥塞。这种拥塞能够导致实时数据很大程度延迟的损失。如前面讨论的，迟传递的实时数据被有效地视为未传递。数据持续地流入网络的一个拥塞的节点会使拥塞更严重。本发明使用有关时间感应传递的RTCP协议发送器报告和接收器报告，作为一个给定节点可能需要重新估计当探测到拥塞时正传递的成分数的一个指示。
图4显示这是如何实现的。多媒体客户机16已经请求了X实时流型数据，包括子流成分X1、X2、X3和X4。假定图7中的媒体推进引擎12正遇到本地业务拥塞，使得子流成分推迟到达多媒体客户机16。多媒体客户机的RTCP接收器报告通报媒体推进引擎12(以及所有参与组会话的其它媒体推进引擎)来自媒体推进引擎12的成分数据的某个百分比。媒体推进引擎12分析这些报告并且停止发送一个选择的成分，在这种情况下是X3，由此减少流经其拥塞节点的业务量。因而，经过调整，媒体推进引擎12仅将成分X1、X2和X4提供给多媒体客户机。当参与组会话的其它媒体推进引擎接收同样的发送器和接收器报告时，如果其它媒体推进引擎能够提供这个丢失的成分，媒体推进引擎12丢失的X3成分就可以得到补偿。否则，服务质量将如上所述而略微降低。
图8显示如何通过对要被发送的子流成分作本地调整来有效地重新分配数据流。在显示的实施例中，假定在从媒体推进引擎12b提供子流成分的数据路径的某处有本地拥塞。因而RTCP发送器和接收器报告将指示先前由媒体推进引擎12b发送到多媒体客户机16的成分的某部分由于本地拥塞而丢失或延迟。在显示的实施例中，丢失的成分碰巧也在媒体推进引擎12a的存储系统中。媒体推进引擎12a能够将丢失的成分有效载荷重新传递到多媒体客户机，或简单地调整将在将来的实时数据事务(transaction)中传递的成分群。在丢失的有效载荷被另一个媒体推进引擎重新传递的情况下，多媒体客户机应该提供足够的缓冲以允许丢失的成分在流被重构并提供给用户之前与先前传递的成分一起被重新传递。在系统仅改变用于将来传递的成分群的情况下，这种变化构成一个可缩放的(scalable)服务器成分重新分配机构。这个机构通过改善给多媒体客户机的数据流提供，提高了服务的改进的质量。
尽管上述实施例通常适用于大多数媒体传递应用，但也有一些系统不能容忍质量上的即使是略微的降低。这些系统包括高质量广播视频分布。在这些更苛求的应用中，前述首选实施例的系统可加以修改，以使用一个附加的可靠性机构用于实时成分。在这种情况下，实时协议可加以修改或增加，以允许丢失的实时有效载荷的重新传递。这个“可靠的RTP”在图9中显示。媒体推进引擎使用实时协议与RTP堆栈通信。在这种情况下假定第一和第三成分被接收但第二成分丢失了。从RTP堆栈有一个立即拒绝确认(NACK)，告之媒体推进引擎第二有效载荷没有接收到。媒体推进引擎则重新传递所需的有效载荷并且RTP堆栈将所需的有效载荷放入数据缓冲器中的正确位置。客户机应用程序则从数据缓冲器读数据。任何复制的包将撤消(drop)并且任何过分延迟的包也可能被撤消。
由前述可以理解本发明提供了一个媒体传递系统结构，它使用一个分布式、联网的技术用于在一个最大努力的网络上传递流型数据。当服务器的复杂性随客户机数量线性增加时，该结构可以容易地缩放、增大或减小。因而该结构是一个完全分布式的、紧密连接的并行结构，能够提供简单的且强健的服务。
通过使用多描述编码(MDC)和多路径传递，本发明能够提供一个高质量的服务，而不采取延迟产生传递再试技术。因而本发明将容易地与现有的用于数据传递的实时传递协议(RTP)和用于会话管理的实时控制协议(RTCP)、速率适应等等一起工作。当遇到拥塞时，传递可以减慢但不中断，归功于多描述编码和组会话的参与者可以从组中增加或去除的方式。流的流控制也可通过这些相同的机构控制，以便一旦探测到拥塞可阻止或减少网络拥塞。
因此除了视频和音频流型数据外，本发明理想地适用于多媒体选择的传递。本发明将容易地支持多比特率的数据流并且能够提供一定比特率和可变比特率的服务。
虽然本发明用其当前首选的实施例描述，但是要理解到本发明能够在不偏离如附加的权利要求书中所述的精神的条件下做某种修改或变化。

Claims (14)

1.一种分布式媒体传递系统，用于在一个多路广播网络上将媒体选择传递到一个媒体客户机，包括：
可通过所述网络访问的多个媒体推进引擎，所述推进引擎每个具有相联的媒体存储单元，用于存储代表可用于传递的媒体选择的流型数据；
所述媒体存储单元被配置，以存储所述流型数据，作为一个非分层的子流数据成分群，其能够由比所有所述数据成分少的数据成分重构为一个重构流；以及
可通过所述网络访问的一个接纳控制系统，所述接纳控制系统包括一个用于存储能够被每个所述媒体推进引擎传递的媒体选择的等同性的目录，
所述接纳控制系统工作，响应来自一个媒体客户机的一个给定的媒体选择的一个请求，以在所述媒体客户机和至少一部分具有能用于传递的给定媒体选择的所述媒体推进引擎之间开放一个多路广播组会话，
由此参与所述多路广播组会话的每个所述媒体推进引擎向所述网络提供相应于给定媒体选择的子流数据成分，用于传递到所述媒体客户机并且被所述媒体客户机重构。
2.权利要求1的媒体传递系统，其中所述接纳控制系统是一个通过所述媒体推进引擎之间的交互作用至少部分限制的分布式系统。
3.权利要求1的媒体传递系统，其中所述媒体推进引擎与所述网络通过不同的通信路径通信。
4.权利要求1的媒体传递系统，其中所述网络使用尽最大努力递交服务。
5.权利要求1的媒体传递系统，其中所述网络是因特网。
6.权利要求1的媒体传递系统，其中参与所述多路广播组会话的所述媒体客户机和所述媒体推进引擎使用实时传递协议用于数据传递。
7.权利要求1的媒体传递系统，其中参与所述多路广播组会话的所述媒体客户机和所述媒体推进引擎使用实时控制协议用于会话管理。
8.权利要求1的媒体传递系统，其中至少部分所述子流数据成分通过几个媒体推进引擎复制。
9.权利要求1的媒体传递系统，其中至少部分所述子流数据成分通过第一和第二媒体推进引擎复制，并且其中所述传递系统进一步包括拥塞处理系统，用于识别所述第一和第二媒体推进引擎的哪一个是拥塞的原因，以及用于自动调用所述第一和第二媒体推进引擎的另一个参与所述多路广播组会话。
10.权利要求9的媒体传递系统，进一步包括与所述媒体客户机相联的数据缓冲系统，用于在把所述子流数据成分重构到一个重构的流中之前存储子流数据成分。
11.权利要求1的媒体传递系统，其中所述接纳控制系统包括一个保持在调用多路广播组会话中使用的一个多路广播会话地址库的接纳控制单元，并且其中所述接纳控制单元分配选自所述库，被所述多路广播组会话使用的一个指定的多路广播会话地址。
12.权利要求11的媒体传递系统，其中所述接纳控制单元进一步工作，响应来自所述媒体客户机的结束一个多路广播组会话的请求，以将所述指定的多路广播会话地址返回到所述库。
13.权利要求11的媒体传递系统，其中参与所述多路广播组会话的所述媒体客户机和所述媒体推进引擎交换流控制消息而不涉及所述接纳控制单元。
14.权利要求1的媒体传递系统，其中在参与所述多路广播组会话的所述媒体客户机和每个所述媒体推进引擎之间有包括实时流成分数据的数据报的单路广播流。
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