CN1127291C - 含有生物活性化合物和紫外线防护剂的悬浮液的微胶囊 - Google Patents

含有生物活性化合物和紫外线防护剂的悬浮液的微胶囊 Download PDF

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CN1127291C
CN1127291C CN96194163A CN96194163A CN1127291C CN 1127291 C CN1127291 C CN 1127291C CN 96194163 A CN96194163 A CN 96194163A CN 96194163 A CN96194163 A CN 96194163A CN 1127291 C CN1127291 C CN 1127291C
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H·B·夏尔
J·L·陈
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Abstract

制备含有紫外光敏的生物活性物料的微胶囊,所述微胶囊含有选自二氧化钛、氧化锌及其混合物的紫外光防护剂,该防护剂完全分散在一种液体中。

Description

含有生物活性化合物和紫外线防护剂的悬浮液的微胶囊
背景和现有技术
本发明涉及PCT国际公开号WO95/13698中所述的发明的改进,特别是制造含生物活性化合物且进一步含有悬浮的紫外线防护剂的微胶囊。
正如WO 95/13698中所指出的,尽管已使用各种微胶囊技术制备杀虫剂用的含生物活性化合物的微胶囊,但以前一直没有制造含有悬浮在液体中的固体生物活性杀虫剂的微胶囊的令人满意的技术。这其中有一些原因,特别是有下列困难:
1.需要制造一种生物活性固体在与水不混溶的液体中形成的稳定的悬浮液。如果使用分散剂或表面活性剂,它们必须不妨碍制造微胶囊所用的其它分散过程。
2.固体的悬浮液必须分散在水中以制造稳定的分散好的液滴,优选分散在水中的有机相的悬浮液的极小液滴。这需要高剪切力,这样的力会使液滴破碎和/或从悬浮液中释放固体。
3.一种或多种表面活性剂的存在可以使分散的液滴体系不稳定并产生换相。
4.悬浮的固体易于迁移到水相中,特别是当使用乳化用表面活性剂时。
WO 95/13698描述了制造悬浮在液体中的固态生物活性化合物的微胶囊制剂的技术。该产品由基本上三步法制造。在第一步中,制造具有所需粒度的固态生物活性物料,例如通过研磨法制造。在第二步中,使固态生物活性化合物悬浮在一种有机液体中,优选的是一种该固体的非良溶剂并不与水混溶的有机液体。然而,液体必须有足以溶解微胶囊法中采用的预聚物的极性。可供选择的是,该固体可以首先悬浮在液体中,然后研磨。在第三步中,制备在水相中的该不与水混溶的相的物理分散体。
某些生物活性物料受到紫外或光化光的不利影响;甚至当它们成微胶囊时也是如此,胶囊中的活性物料仍可在光存在下降级。已经提出一些技术对于微胶囊物料提供紫外光保护。例如,Ignoffo等人在 昆虫经济 ,64,850(1971)公开将纤维素、碳、铝粉和氧化铝用于保护胶囊内的病毒样品免受紫外辐射。作者并未描述微胶囊制备方法。U.S.3541203描述了使用碳黑和其它紫外吸收剂如金属屑片、金属氧化物颗粒、金属硫化物和其它常用颜料为含于聚合物基质内的病毒提供紫外保护。U.S.4844896和4948586公开了将许多有机染料和其它防晒剂如二苯酮、PABA和苯偶酰(或其混合物)用于保护胶囊内病毒。U.S.4328203公开了制造微胶囊中的致病病毒、细菌或真菌物料,该物料团聚成微球,该微球由核酸和蛋白质质的物料构成,其中微球结构本身是紫外防护剂。最后,PCT申请WO 92/19102公开了另一种微胶囊,其中胶囊剂本身如本质素还可用作防晒剂。
发明概述
本发明包括微胶囊及其制备方法,特别是包括〔1〕一种含有含紫外光敏的生物活性化合物和选自二氧化钛、氧化锌及其混合物的有效量的粒状紫外光保护剂的液体的微胶囊,保护剂悬浮并完全分散在液体中;和〔2〕一种制造含有紫外光敏的生物活性化合物的微胶囊的方法,所述微胶囊含有液体和选自二氧化钛、氧化锌及其混合物的粒状紫外光保护剂,该保护剂悬浮并完全分散在液体中,该方法包括下列步骤:(a)制备一种有约0.01-2微米的平均粒度的紫外光保护剂在有机液体中形成的悬浮液,该有机液体不与水混溶并且含有紫外光敏的生物活性物料,其中所述保护剂完全分散在液体中:(b)将步骤(a)的悬浮液引入含有一种保护性胶体和非必须的表面活性剂的水中,所述表面活性剂能使有机液体作为液滴保持在水中而不将有机液体中的固体提取到水中,有机液体溶有一种或多种预聚物,所述预聚物可以在有机液体和水的界面处反应生成聚合物;(c)将有机液体在水相中的悬浮液在高剪力下混合生成水包油乳液;和(d)如果需要,调节水包油乳液的温度和/或pH,使得在有机液体/水界面处发生聚合反应以形成微胶囊。
发明详述
一般来说,本发明使用WO95/13698中所述的方法制造微胶囊。该技术将在下面描述。在本申请中,本技术用于制造含有一种由生物活性固体在液体中形成的悬浮液的微胶囊。在本发明中,该技术用于制备一种固体紫外光保护剂物料在液体中形成的悬浮液,该液体包含生物活性物料。“包含”的意思是生物活性物料还可以悬浮在液体中的固体的形式,或者可以溶于液体中,或者其本身可以构成该液体,紫外光保护剂悬浮在其中。在另一实施方案中,微胶囊可以含有一种固体生物活性化合物在液体中的悬浮液,该液体包含第二种生物活性化合物(例如,第二种生物活性化合物是液体或溶于液体中),并且还含有完全分散的粒状紫外光保护剂。
在本发明中受到保护的生物活性物料可以是任何已知的易受紫外光降解或分解的那些。这样的化合物中值得注意的是拟除虫菊酯和除虫菊酯。已知许多拟除虫菊酯易于被紫外光降解,这样的拟除虫菊酯包括苄氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、deltamethrin、戊酸氰醚酯、氟氯氰菊酯、苄呋菊酯、丙烯除虫菊酯、醚菊酯(etofenprox)和λ-氯氟氰菊酯(λ-cyhalothrin)。已知易被紫外光降解的或分解的其它生物活性物料包括除草剂氟乐灵、4-羟-3,5-二碘苯甲腈和萘氧丙草胺、杀虫剂安定磷和毒死蜱以及杀真菌剂azoxystrobin。本发明的微胶囊可含有两种或多种紫外光敏的生物活性物料。
本发明所用的液体可以是一种液态的生物活性物料,该物料本身易于被紫外光降解,或者是一种通常不这样敏感的生物活性物料(但其中悬浮第二种光敏的生物活性物料),或者是一种有机溶剂,该溶剂不与水混溶,并且紫外光敏物料悬浮或溶于其中。在任意情况下,该液体应有足够的极性以溶解用于形成微胶囊壁的一种预聚物或多种预聚物。
关于溶剂,适合的例子是(取决于微胶囊的类型)芳烃,如二甲苯或萘、脂族溶剂如脂族或环脂族烃,如己烷、庚烷和环己烷,烷基酯,包括乙酸烷基酯和邻苯二甲酸烷基酯,酮如环己酮或苯乙酮、氯化烃和植物油。溶剂可以是两种或多种上述溶剂的混合物。
优选的微胶囊壁材料可以是任何常用的那些。两个例子是按US4285720中所述制得的聚脲,或者按US4956129中所述的脲-甲醛聚合物。
本发明中所用的紫外光防护剂是二氧化钛、氧化锌、或二氧化钛和氧化锌的混合物。一般来说,紫外光防护剂相对有机相的用量为约0.1-约50%(wt),优选为约1-约10%(wt)。二氧化钛和氧化锌的混合物将含有重量比为约1∶10-约10∶1的这两种物质。
该方法包括下列步骤:
步骤1.得到具有优选粒度的紫外光防护剂。可购得有所需粒度的防护剂。如果买不到,用研磨法进行适当处理。该防护剂的优选平均粒度为约0.01-2微米,优选约0.02-0.5微米。如果微胶囊含有悬浮在液体中的固态生物活性物料,那么该物料应有约0.01-约50,优选约1-约10微米的平均粒度。
步骤2.使紫外光防护剂悬浮在有机液体中。该液体必须不与水混溶,但有足够的极性以溶解微囊包封过程中所用的预聚物。紫外光防护剂还必须完全分散在液体中:即分散成不凝聚的单个颗粒。
所述分散优选借助一种分散剂进行,所述分散剂能够使防护剂固体保持在液体中,但它不能在悬浮液分散入水中时使固体被提取到水中。另外,当悬浮液被加入水中时,分散剂必须不允许换相发生,即水必须不能被允许进入有机相形成油包水乳液。
分散剂的选择取决于紫外光防护剂的性质和有机液体的类型。优选的分散剂是某种非离子型表面活性剂,该表面活性剂受到位阻作用并只在防护剂固体/有机液体界面处有活性,并且不用作乳化剂。这样的分散剂适合于由(a)有对液体的强亲合力的聚合物链和(b)会强力吸着到固体上的基团构成。这样的分散剂的实例为Hypermer和Atlox Lines的那些,可由ICI集团公司得到,包括Hypermer PS1、Hypermer PS2、Hypermer PS3、Atlox LP1、Atlox LP2、Atlox LP4、Atlox LP5、Atlox LP6和Atlox 4912;和Agrimer聚合物如Agrimer AL-216和AL-220,可由GAF购得。
一般来说,所用的分散剂浓度的范围为约0.01-约10%(wt),这是基于有机相而言的,但是还可使用较高浓度的分散剂。
如果微胶囊还含有一种悬浮的固体生物活性物料,关于如何使其悬浮和分散可采用与上面对于紫外光防护剂所述的相同的考虑。
可供选择的是,上面步骤1和2的程序可以有所改变,通过首先使紫外光防护剂悬浮并分散到有机液体中,防护剂有大于上述的粒度,然后进行研磨过程(介质磨)以减小防护剂的粒度到上述值。
在任何情况下,不管具体如何实现,紫外光防护剂必须完全分散在有机相中。
步骤3:制备在水相中的不与水混溶的相的物理分散体。为获得适当的分散,在搅拌下将有机相加入水相。使用适当的分散装置来使有机相分散到液体相中。该装置可以是任何高剪力装置,以获得所希望的平均液滴尺寸(和相应的微胶囊颗粒尺寸),该尺寸在约1-约200微米的范围内。平均液滴粒度优选为约1-约30微米,最优选为约2-约20微米。一旦得到适当的液滴尺寸,中断分散装置。该方法的其余过程只需适度搅拌。与水不混溶的(有机)相含有要被包封的悬浮在液体中的固态紫外光防护剂并且还任选含有一种固态的生物活性物料,它们按上面步骤1和2所述制备。水相含有水和一种称为“保护胶体”的物料。它优选进一步含有一种表面活性剂。
一般来说,水相中的一种或多种表面活性剂可以是阴离子型或非离子型表面活性剂,HLB范围在约12-约16范围,该值足够高以形成一种稳定的水包油乳液。如果使用多于一种表面活性剂,单个表面活性剂可以有低于12或高于16的值,只要混合时表面活性剂的总的HLB值在12-16范围内即可。适合的表面活性剂包括直链醇的聚乙二醇醚、乙氧基化的壬基酚、萘磺酸盐、长链烷基苯磺酸盐、环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的嵌段共聚物以及阴离型/非离子型的混合物。表面活性剂的憎水部分优选有与有机液体相似的化学特性。这样,当有机液体是一种芳香溶剂时,表面活性剂会适合的是一种乙氧基化的壬基酚。
特别是,优选的表面活性剂是Tergitol NP7,Tergitol XD、Tergitol NP40和Tergitol 15-S-20,可由联合碳化公司购得,和Witconate 90,可由Witco购得。
一般来说,该方法中表面活性剂浓度范围在约0.01-约10.0%(wt),这是基于水相的浓度,但是还可以使用更高浓度的表面活性剂。
存在于水(连续)相中的保护胶体必须有力地吸附到油滴的表面上。适合的成胶材料包括一种或多种聚丙烯酸酯、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、聚(甲基乙烯基醚/马来酐)、聚乙烯醇和甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸(水解了的甲基乙烯基醚/马来酐;见US.4448929,该专利结合在此作为参考)的接枝共聚物,和木素磺酸碱金属或碱土金属盐。然而,优选的保护胶体选自木素磺酸碱金属和碱土金属盐,最优选木素磺酸钠盐。
必须有足够的胶体存在以完全覆盖有机液体的所有液滴的表面。所用的保护胶体的量取决于各种因素如分子量、混溶性等。保护胶体可在添加有机相之前加到水相中,或者可以在添加有机相或它的分散体后加到整个体系中。水相中存在的保护胶体量一般为约0.1-约10.0%(重量)。
水相中所用的任何表面活性剂必须不能从有机液体的液滴表面置换保护胶体。
优选的含有生物活性固体的与水不混溶的液体的液滴的平均粒度为1-200微米,优选1-30微米且更优选2-20微米。粒度可以按照微胶囊的最终用途通过调节搅拌速度和时间来调节,还可以通过选择所用的表面活性剂和表面活性剂的量来调节。
为了获得微胶囊,有机液体和/或水必须含有一种或多种可以在有机液体和水之间的界面处反应生成聚合物的物料。
在U.S.4285720中所述的方法中,多异氰酸酯溶解在有机相中(即在上述步骤2中),并且通过预聚物在水/有机液体界面处水解生成胺,该胺又与未水解的单体反应形成聚脲微胶囊壁来进行聚合。可以使用单一化合物或两种或多种多异氰酸酯的混合物。这些多异氰酸酯中,优选的是多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯和甲苯二异氰酸酯的异构混合物。特别优选的是多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯和甲苯二异氰酸酯的异构混合物的混合物。
该方法中所用的有机多异氰酸酯的量决定了形成的微胶囊的壁含量。一般来说,多异氰酸酯(或由它形成的微胶囊壁)量占微胶囊的约2.0-约75.0%(重)。最优选的是壁占微胶囊的约4-约15%(重)。
分散体保持在约20℃-约90℃的温度范围,优选在约40℃-约60℃的范围内,在该过程中进行缩合反应,在有机相和水相的液滴之间的界面处生成聚脲。
U.S.4956129中描述了另一种用于形成微胶囊的另一种适合的体系,其中聚合物由一种醚化了的脲-甲醛预聚物制成,所述预聚物中50-98%的羟甲基已用C4-C10醇醚化。将预聚物加到有机相中。在低PH加热条件下进行预聚物的自缩合。
为制成微胶囊,将两相混合物的温度升到约20℃-约90℃,优选约40℃-约90℃,最优选约40℃-约60℃。PH值可根据体系调节到适合的值。为了本发明的目的,PH为2是适当的。
下面是制备本发明的组合物的实例。下列实例中所用的成分是:
·λ-氯氟氰菊酯,工业级(88%纯度)
·Solvesso 200芳族溶剂(可由Exxon得到)
·二氧化钛-实施例1和2:USP328-0.3微米粒度,产自Whittaker,Clark & Daniels Ltd.;实施例3:Tiosorb UFO2,0.02微米粒度,产自Tioxide Specialties Ltd。
·Hypermer LP1、Hypermer LP5和Atlox 4912分散剂(可由ICI购得)
·Reax 100M保护性胶体(木素磺酸的钠盐,40%wt的水溶液,可由Westvaco Chemicals得到)
·Kelzan(黄原胶,可由Monsanto得到)
·Proxel GXL(杀生物剂,购自ICI)
实施例中给出了这些成分的量。
一般步骤
制备一种λ-氯氟氰菊酯在Solvesso 200溶剂中形成的溶液。添加分散剂,然后加二氧化钛,并且用高剪力搅拌器搅拌所得到的悬浮液。在二氧化钛完全分散后,添加多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯和甲苯二异氰酸酯以完备有机相。
在高剪力搅拌器搅拌下将该相引入水相中,以形成水包油乳液。平均液滴尺寸为3.0±1微米(实施例1和2)和约12微米(实施例3)。然后用30分钟时间将温度升到50℃,同时保持适度的搅拌,然后在50℃保持3小时。使所得到的微胶囊悬浮液冷却到室温。在实施例1和2中添加附加成分(为改进微胶囊的水悬浮液的性质)并用硫酸调节PH到5.0。
                          实施例1
                           组合物
成分                          重量,g  重量,%
有机相
λ-氯氟氰菊酯                   113.2    28.3
Solvesso 200                    58.4     14.6
二氧化钛                        9.7      2.4
Hypermer LP5                    6.1      1.5
Hypermer LP1                    2.1      0.5
异氰酸酯                        15.3     3.8
水相
Reax 100M                       10.5     2.6
Witconate 90.                   1.0      0.3
Tergitol XD                     3.1      0.8
水                              176.5    44.2
附加成分
氨(30%wt水溶液)                2.0      0.5
Kelzan                          0.5      0.1
Proxel GXL                      0.4      0.1
浓硫酸                          1.2     0.3
总计                            400.0    100.0
                          实施例2
                           组合物
成分                           重量g    重量%
有机相
λ-氯氟氰菊酯                113.2    28.3
Solvesso 200                 58.4     14.6
二氧化钛                     9.7      2.4
Atlox 4912                   8.2      2.0
异氰酸酯                     15.3     3.8
水相
Reax 100M                    10.5     2.6
Witconate 90                 1.0      0.3
Tergitol XD                  3.1      0.8
水                           176.5    44.2
附加成份
氨(30%wt水溶液)             2.0      0.5
Kelzan                       0.5      0.1
Proxel GXL                   0.4      0.1
浓硫酸                       1.2     0.3
总计                         400.0    100.0
                     实施例3
                      组合物
成分                        重量g    重量%
有机相
Napropamide(工业级)          52.0     13.0
Solvesso 200                 94.1     23.5
二氧化钛                     31.5     7.9
Hypermer LP6                 8.4      2.0
异氰酸酯                     14.7     3.7
水相
Reax 100M                    14.7     3.7
Tergitol 15-s-7(20%wt水溶液)12.6     3.2
Gelvatol 40/10(20%wt水溶液) 9.5      2.4
水                           162.5   40.6
总计                           400.0    100.0
保护效果测定
载片测定
将按实施例1(按照本发明:如实施例1b表1所示)制备的含二氧化钛的微胶囊试样涂在载片上并暴露在氙灯(模拟阳光)下3天。用类似方法制备的但如下所述不同于本发明的相同量的微胶囊进行对比试验:含有不同的紫外光防护剂(实施例1a),类似地含有二氧化钛但无分散剂(实施例1c),只利用在水相中的二氧化钛制备的(实施例1d)或缺少紫外光防护剂(实施例1e)。分析微胶囊以测定在开始暴露于紫外光时制剂中存在的λ-氯氟氰菊酯的量和暴露1和3天后存在的量。
正如由下表1中的结果可看出的,按本发明(实施例1b)制备的微胶囊提供了对紫外光引起的λ-氯氟氰菊酯降解的最好保护。在暴露1天后,大部分λ-氯氟氰菊酯仍然存在,而对比微胶囊剩下的λ-氯氟氰菊酯的量在原始量的约1/4至约1/6的范围。甚至在暴露3天后,本发明的微胶囊仍含有原始存在的λ-氯氟氰菊酯的近一半。
                      表1
UV防护剂 辐照后λ-氯氟氰菊酯
存留百分数
实施例 类型 在制剂中的wt% 0天 1天 3天
1a Waxolineblack+Hypermer分散荆 2.5 100 17.9
1b 二氧化钛+Hypermer分散剂 2.5 100 82.1 47.9
1c 二氧化钛无分散剂 2.5 100 20.8
1d 只有在胶囊外侧的水相中的二氧化钛 2.5 100 17.9
1e -- 100 24.2
棉树叶上存留性
测试上面实施例1b指明的物料的样品,与类似制备的含有相同量的λ-氯氟氰菊酯但没有二氧化钛和没有分散剂的微胶囊对比。
所有微胶囊样品用水稀释并以50gλ-氯氟氰菊酯/每公顷的施加量洒在棉株上。
取棉树叶样品并如下处理,每次处理进行两个平行测试。
每个平行测试剪下三个充分暴露的叶子,将它们放在一个玻璃瓶中,添加500ml丙酮,封上瓶口并摇动30-45秒。然后小心但快速地取走叶子,将其压扁并干燥,夹在透明的塑料片之间,并照相复制。去掉叶子并用析像器由照相复制品测量它们的尺寸。
然后,将2ml流动相加到样品中,剧烈摇动瓶的内容物,然后过滤并用反相高压液相色谱法分析。
在施用后24、48、72、96和190小时取出样品。图形形式的图1表示所测试的两种制剂中λ-氯氟氰菊酯的留着率的比较,其中一种按本发明,另一种是同样的但没有二氧化钛和分散剂,图1还表明与缺少防护剂的微胶囊相比本发明的产品中λ-氯氟氰菊酯的保护效果。

Claims (25)

1.一种含有有机液体的微胶囊,所述有机液体含有紫外光敏的生物活性物料和粒状紫外光防护剂,该防护剂选自二氧化钛、氧化锌及其混合物,所述防护剂在悬浮剂存在下悬浮并完全分散在所述有机液体中,所述分散剂使防护剂固体保持在有机液体中,但不能在悬浮液分散入水中时使固体被提取到水中,并且其中紫外光防护剂相对于有机液体的比率为0.1至50%重量。
2.按权利要求1的微胶囊,其中生物活性物料悬浮在液体中。
3.按权利要求1的微胶囊,其中生物活性物料溶解在液体中或构成该液体。
4.按权利要求1的微胶囊,其中紫外光防护剂的粒度为0.01-2微米。
5.按权利要求1的微胶囊,其中紫外光防护剂的粒度为0.02-0.5微米。
6.按权利要求1的微胶囊,其中紫外光防护剂为二氧化钛。
7.按权利要求1的微胶囊,其中紫外光防护剂为二氧化钛和氧化锌的混合物。
8.按权利要求1的微胶囊,其中生物活性物料包括一种拟除虫菊酯。
9.按权利要求1的微胶囊,其中生物活性物料包括λ-氯氟氰菊酯。
10.按权利要求1的微胶囊,其中胶囊壁由聚脲形成。
11.按权利要求1的微胶囊,其中胶囊壁由脲-甲醛聚合物制成。
12.一种用于制备含有一种液体的微胶囊的方法,所述液体含有紫外光敏的生物活性物料和粒状紫外光防护剂,该防护剂选自二氧化钛、氧化锌及其混合物,所述防护剂悬浮并完全分散在液体中,所述方法包括下列步骤:(a)制备一种有0.01-2微米的平均粒度的防护剂在一种有机液体中形成的悬浮液,所述有机液体不与水混溶并且它含有一种紫外光敏的生物活性物料,其中防护剂完全分散在液体中,并且其中紫外光防护剂相对于有机液体的比率为0.1至50%重量;(b)将悬浮液引入含有一种保护性胶体的水中,所述水含有一种能够使有机液体作为液滴保持在水中并且不将防护剂从有机液体中提取到水中的表面活性剂,所述有机液体溶有一种或多种预聚物,所述预聚物可以在有机液体和水的界面处反应生成聚合物;(c)使有机液体在水相中的悬浮液在高剪力下混合形成一种水包油乳液;和(d)按需调节水包油乳液的温度和/或pH,使得在有机液体/水界面处进行聚合反应形成微胶囊。
13.按权利要求12的方法,其中生物活性物料是一种悬浮在该液体中的固体。
14.按权利要求13的方法,其中生物活性物料有0.01-50微米的平均粒度。
15.按权利要求12的方法,其中生物活性物料溶解在液体中。
16.按权利要求12的方法,其中有机液体在分散在水中后的液滴的粒度为1-30微米。
17.按权利要求12的方法,其中预聚物包括溶解在有机液体中的一种或多种有机多异氰酸酯,加热后异氰酸酯水解成胺,胺又反过来与另一种异氰酸酯反应生成聚脲来制成聚脲。
18.按权利要求17的方法,其中预聚物是聚亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯和二异氰酸甲苯酯的异构混合物的混合物。
19.按权利要求12的方法,其中预聚物是脲-甲醛预聚物,其中50-98%的羟甲基已用C4-C10醇醚化,而且它在有机液体/水界面处生成固体聚合物。
20.按权利要求19的方法,其中预聚物的70-90%的羟甲基已用正丁醇醚化。
21.按权利要求12的方法,其中紫外光防护剂颗粒借助一种分散剂完全分散在液体中。
22.按权利要求21的方法,其中分散剂是非离子型表面活性剂。
23.按权利要求12的方法,其中微胶囊有1-200微米的平均粒度。
24.按权利要求12的方法,其中生物活性物料包括一种拟除虫菊酯。
25.按权利要求12的方法,其中生物活性物料包括λ-氯氟氰菊酯。
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