CN1132874A - 利用优先权存储器选择和管理个人属性的方法和装置 - Google Patents

利用优先权存储器选择和管理个人属性的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1132874A
CN1132874A CN95121719A CN95121719A CN1132874A CN 1132874 A CN1132874 A CN 1132874A CN 95121719 A CN95121719 A CN 95121719A CN 95121719 A CN95121719 A CN 95121719A CN 1132874 A CN1132874 A CN 1132874A
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CN1077304C (zh
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威廉姆·F·赞乔
戴维德·B·斯庇图尼克
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/16Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
    • H04W92/18Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between terminal devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H04M1/72403User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H04M1/72403User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
    • H04M1/72406User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality by software upgrading or downloading
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H04M1/72448User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for adapting the functionality of the device according to specific conditions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2250/00Details of telephonic subscriber devices
    • H04M2250/14Details of telephonic subscriber devices including a card reading device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00Network data management
    • H04W8/18Processing of user or subscriber data, e.g. subscribed services, user preferences or user profiles; Transfer of user or subscriber data
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00Network data management
    • H04W8/18Processing of user or subscriber data, e.g. subscribed services, user preferences or user profiles; Transfer of user or subscriber data
    • H04W8/20Transfer of user or subscriber data
    • H04W8/205Transfer to or from user equipment or user record carrier

Abstract

应用装置(401)可与便携存储卡(560)或中央数据库(550)之类的供体装置(541)相连接。该供体装置存储和为该应用装置提供优先权,含有能存储特定用户优先权的基准优先权存储器。控制器(450)可访问供体装置以获得与该特定用户有关的优先权并将它们存储入应用装置的对话优先权存储器(490)内,用于该特定用户的对话。

Description

利用优先权存储器选择和管理个人属性的方法和装置
本发明涉及属性(attribute)系统,具体涉及选择和管理个人属性的装置和方法。
人的一生会与许多装置打交道(interface)。某种装置要求人在许多不同的情况下处理该装置。如果人对待他在日常生活的不同情况下所遇到的装置和工具的方式是友好和熟悉的,则个体装置势必更友好和有效。
某些蜂窝电话能够接受用户识别组件(SIM)或SIM卡,该卡含有用户识别和计费信息以及对网络的特性和功能性的授权。此外,用户识别组件可以含有一个常用电话号码表。然而,它们的常用电话号码表并不能促进非常友好和有效的与蜂窝电话相接口。据此,现在需要有一种用户接口或系统,用以对诸如蜂窝电话之类的个体或装置提供很友好和有效的接口。
某些型号的汽车允许对有限数量的特定驾驶员提供座位存储和镜位置的优先权。这种信息被编程和存储在车辆内。座位和镜位置的优先权是由司机利用一个为特定用户开车锁用的钥匙自己识别来启动的。因座位和镜位置的优先权已编程在车辆里的一个存储器中,故它们已存留在该车辆中了。为此,当该司机进入另一可编程的车辆诸如一部租赁汽车时,他必须重新建立它的位置优先权。
某些分时(time-share)计算机允许每个个别用户在一个中央存储器中存储他的荧光屏特性(screen characteristics),以使该用户可以在与该计算机接口的任一终端来访问这个熟悉的接口。当该用户与一个相似的但非互联的分时计算机系统联机时,他必须应用缺席设定(default setup)或再编程其优选的荧光屏特性。
用户优先权编程的这些例子都要求该用户对他所遇到的新型设备再编程。例如,当一个用户在出租汽车中或飞机上遇到一个公用电话时,或当用户购买一台新的通信装置时,对于这时该装置的个体来说,他不可能容易地得到最友好和有效的接口。现在不存在一种机构用以建立和管理能与所有新型的各种类型的电话机、汽车、计算机或其它类型的适当设备相兼容的优先权。
图1至图5分别示出能够接受按照本发明实施例的一种便携式供体(donor)装置的五种应用装置;
图6示出按照本发明的其它实施例在共享优先权的应用装置之间相通信的情况;
图7示出按照本发明的又一实施例在应用装置之间通过一个网络相通信的情况;
图8示出按照本发明的具有多重连接性选择方案的应用装置的示例性实施例;
图9示出按照本发明的在示例性应用装置内的存储器;
图10示出按照本发明的在示例性供体装置内的存储器;
图11示出按照本发明的用于基准优先权存储器的一种数据结构的实施例;
图12示出按照本发明的在应用装置与供体装置之间的信息传输的方框图;
图13示出按照本发明的一个实施例用以存储和预测优先权的一种装置;
图14至图16示出按照本发明实现在需要新的优先权时用以得到优先权的方法的流程图;
图17示出按照本发明用以更新优先权的流程图;
图18示出用户启始非应用的特定优先权更新的流程图。
上述的和其它的问题可以利用本发明的个人属性选择和管理系统来解决。多种应用装置的一个用户可以在使用时多种应用装置在一个方便位置上保持用户的优先权。这样的优先权可由多种应用装置在时间和空间上以多种方式存储与访问。非应用性装置例如便携式存储器卡或可广泛访问的中央数据库能够用以作为一个供体装置,以对应用装置存储和提供优先权。内含供体装置功能的应用装置也能够用以作为一个供体装置,并能与其它应用装置相通信。对于定位在任一个方便的应用装置或供体装置中的一个基准优先权存储器内的用户基准优先权集可以通过一个网络提供实时访问。为此,对于遇到一种新型的适合设备的用户,利用对一个装置的一个无缝的或随遇的接口,可以方便地建立优先权。
图1示出蜂窝电话机101之类的应用装置,它能接受一个诸如一个智能卡或存储器卡之类的便携式的供体装置105。图2示出台式电话机111之类的应用装置,它能接受一个便携式供体装置105。图3至图5示出能接受便携式供体装置105的应用装置诸如个人计算机121、个人组织器(organizer)131和汽车仪表板(dashboard)141。
便携式供体装置105含有可与这些适当配备的应用装置的任一个装置上一起使用的一个用户的优先权。当供体装置105插入并与一个适当配备的应用装置配合操作时,通过与该应用装置或其它应用装置(实际上是相似的)的对话所建立的优先权可用来限定该应用装置的属性。
利用这个机构,用户只需建立一次他的接口的优先权。对于多种应用装置共用的那些属性的优先权可以自动地重复使用。对于与其它应用装置相似的、但不共用的那些属性的优先权可被用于为其它的应用装置预测或建议优先权。
蜂窝电话101、台式电话机111、个人计算机121、个人组织器131和仪表板141具有对所有这些装置共用的某些属性。与这些属性相对应的一个个体用户的优先权可以存储在用户的存储器卡中或便携式供体装置105中。例如,对所有这些装置共用的用户的显示优先权可以存储在用户存储器或便携式供体装置105中。假定用户具有显示属性的一种特定的字体(font)优先权,该字体优先权可便利地由接受该用户卡或便携式供体装置105的每个应用装置来访问。其它显示或视觉属性(诸如对比度、亮度、背景图案、颜色、图像类型、图像位置和数字或模拟规格的选择)的优先权也可由这个机构处理。除了显示优先权之外,其它类型的优先权(诸如听觉、环境/空间感觉、味觉和嗅觉)都能够由这个机构访问,以设定一个特定应用装置的属性。
应用装置101、111、121、131和141全都含有软件用以与便携式供体装置105配合操作。便携式供体装置105含有控制软件,用于管理与应用装置的配合操作,管理组织基准优先权存储器的内容。
图6示出蜂窝电话201、个人组织器231和个人计算机221,它们能通过它们之间的互联来共享用户的基准优先权集。这些和其它的应用装置能从对用户的优先权起供体装置作用的另一个应用装置获得用户的基准优先权集。这种用户的基准优先权集能通过几种类型的互联(诸如红外线(IR)连接、射频(RF)连接,或者连接在它们之间的电缆)来访问。
在图6的实施例中,应用装置需要在物理上并置(colocation),以使其中一个应用装置在基准优先参数存储器内含有用户的基准优先权集。在应用装置之间可由射频(RF)或者红外(IR)光之类的光学链路建立通信。内含用户基准优先权集的应用装置最好被指定为供体装置,以向其它应用装置传送优先权。据此,一个应用装置可在同一时刻兼起应用装置和供体装置的作用,从而变成为所谓的附属的供体装置。当优先权由一个供体装置(诸如个人组织器231)的用户建立时,另一个应用装置(诸好蜂窝电话201)对此优先权的可访问性被推迟直到该应用装置(诸如蜂窝电话201)同该供体装置(诸如个人组织器231)在物理位置上紧密靠近。
在多种应用装置都起附属的供体装置作用并且每一种应用装置都含有同一个体用户的基准优先参数集一个实施例中,基准优先权集的多个拷贝有时会相互矛盾。最后,这些附属的供体装置会变为并置的或相互连接在一个网络上或与实际的供体装置相连接。当一个附属的供体装置变为并置的或连接在一个网络上时,该基准优先权集可通过交换和存储由例如时间印记所标识的最新优先权输入来协调。为了防止因重写旧的优先权而造成的污染,可预先询问该用户。
在另一个实施例中,当含有基准优先权存储器的装置与这些应用装置再结合时,其它的处于同一地点的根据最新优先权提供给基准优先权集作为更新值的时间,可将对话优先权暂时存储在该应用装置的对话优先权存储器中,并在一个给定的时间之前与其它并置的应用装置共享。为了防止因重写旧的优先权而造成的污染,也可预先询问该用户。
图7示出按照本发明的个人属性选择和管理系统的再一个实施例。诸如蜂窝电话机301和个人计算机321之类的多个应用装置可以利用在全球网络350上的通信为一个应用装置的一个特定用户的一种新应用建立起优先权。例如,蜂窝电话机301能在全球网络350上访问在个人计算机321的一个基准优先权存储器中存储的用户基准优先权集。然后,根据用户的生活方式和现有工具位置的方便性可选择个人计算机321,以存储用户的基准优先权集。例如,不用个人计算机321,用户可以预订一种可在全球网络350的一个基准优先权存储器内存储该用户的基准优先权集的网络业务。这种网络业务能在与全球网络350相连接的一个文件服务器上存储用户基准优先权集。另一种可替代的方案是,用户可以选择以在另一个工具诸如它的移动汽车计算机(它能经过一个与智能车辆高速公路系统(IVHS)相兼容的无线数据互联可访问全球网络350)中存储基准优先权集。此外,蜂窝电话机301可以含有存储在该蜂窝电话机301的基准优先权存储器内的用户基准优先权集,并通过全球网络350可进行访问。全球网络350能连接到各种本地网络诸如蜂窝电话网络360或计算机局域网络370。用户的基准优先权集例如从蜂窝电话机301的一个基准优先权存储器在现有的或未来的蜂窝电话网360上被传送。例如,用户的基准优先权集可通过一个蜂窝数字分组数据(CDPD)或在现有的模拟高级移动电话业务(AMPS)上的短消息业务进行传送。用户的基准优先权集也能按照移动通信(GSM)系统、时分多址(TDMA)或码分多址(CD-MA)系统的全球系统的数据格式进行传送。
图7的实施例提供了本发明的最灵活和最方便的实施,因为用户能够获得对用户的基准优先权集的立即实时访问,而无需象前面要求的那样携带一张卡或物理连接的装置。全球网络350最好由全球信息超高速公路或在不能利用全球网络时由国家信息超高速公路来提供。世界卫星网络或蜂窝电话或数据网络也可用于网络350。另外,对于特定的应用的、来自用户基准优先权集的用户基准优先权的传送可以在连接到诸如局域网络或蜂窝无线电话网络之类的一个子网络上的装置之间传送。为此,如果一个供体装置和应用装置例如在一个办公楼内连接到该同一局域网上,则优先权的建立可实时地得以执行,而不需访问诸如全球网络350这类的外部网络。
图8示出一个应用装置具有多种连接性选择方案的例子。该多种连接性选择方案由网络接口410、卡阅读器420或本地互联端口430来提供。在图8的例子中,应用装置是一个蜂窝电话机401,它利用多种连接性选择方案的任一种选择可连接到一个供体装置上。蜂窝电话机401可用示例性的连接性选择方案中的任一种或所有的三种来组建。
蜂窝电话机401与全球网络550的连接可由网络接口410来实现。网络接口410可利用一个RJ11电话网络连接器经过一个以太网连接、一个光学连接或者一个射频局域网或蜂窝数据网之类的射频连接,连接到网络550上。
蜂窝电话机401与供体卡560的连接可由卡阅读器420来实现。供体卡560可以仅提供一个由卡阅读器420阅读的存储器,或可以含有一个专用集成电路(ASIC)的处理器和存储器管理单元(MMU),并也可以是一张智能卡。
诸如图6所示的,蜂窝电话机401与本地互联的连接可由本地互联端口430来实现。本地互联端口430可利用红外线(IR)连接、直接相连的电缆连接或射频(RF)连接来连接到供体装置541的一个本地互联端口上。
供体装置541具有一个本地互联端口530,用以与蜂窝电话机401的本地互联端口430相连接。供体装置541还具有一个内部总线543,用以与该装置的其它内部元件相连接。供体装置541除了利用本地互联端口430以外,也能按照其它方式连接到蜂窝电话机401上。代之以利用网络550能将供体装置541连接到蜂窝电话机401上。
图8的蜂窝电话机401最好具有一个内部总线440,用以将蜂窝电话机401的内部元件连接到接口装置410、420和430上。内部总线440在中央处理单元450(CPU)的控制下还将蜂窝电话机401的内部元件互相连接。无线电话控制软件存储器460连接到内部总线440上,提供蜂窝电话机401的功能性控制。无线电的子系统470经由一个发射机和接收机连接到天线475上。无线电的子系统470按照标准蜂窝电话空中接口规范在无线电电话控制软件存储器460的控制下进行操作。输入和输出装置诸如话筒481、扬声器483、键盘485和显示器487都连接到蜂窝电话机401的内部总线440上,并通过它进行操作。这些输入和输出装置提供了用户的接口装置。
一个对话优先权存储器490存储该蜂窝电话机401的应用装置的一个特定用户的对话优先权。对话优先权存储器490可经内部总线440访问蜂窝电话机401,还可经内部总线440访问基准优先权集接口装置410、420和430。一个初始的对话一建立,接口装置410、420和430内的属性管理软件就从基准优先权集获得必要属性的合适的优先权。根据与无线电话控制软件存储器460(它知道了蜂窝无线电话为使输入和输出装置正常操作而必需的属性)的对话,将合适的优先权存储在对话优先权存储器490中。一旦所有的或一部分的必要属性已对一个蜂窝无线电话利用存储已被指定优先权,属性管理软件在蜂窝无线电话的操作中就不再起作用。然后,无线电话控制软件按照已在存储器490中建立并装载入的对话优先权承接输入和输出装置481、483、485和487的操作。
图9示出位于按照本发明的个人属性选择管理系统的一个示例性应用装置内的存储器。装置操作系统610管理该应用装置内的资源。装置操作系统610的外部是应用软件620和个人属性选择(PAS)软件630。输入/输出控制软件640与个人属性选择软件630相互配合,以确定这个应用所需的优先权。这些优先权存储在对话优先参数存储器650中,它们是通过与该供本装置中优先权的用户基准优先权集交换而获得的。
图10示出一个示例性供体装置内的存储器,它被划分为个人属性选择(PAS)软件710和基准优先权存储器720。个人属性选择软件710是管理软件,它组织好基准优先权存储器720并与该应用装置相接口,以确定对于一个特定的对话从基准优先权存储器720应提供出哪些部分和哪类信息。
图11示出存储在一个供体装置的基准优先权存储器的属性存储单元内的一个特定的用户基准优先权集的数据结构例子。图11的示例性的三维矩阵所表明,每个用户的基准优先权集可以存储成为一个多维的基准选择矩阵805。图11的三维基准选择矩阵是沿着三个存取轴构成的,亦即人体感觉存取轴810、应用装置存取轴820和环境存取轴830。
人体感觉存取轴810按各种类型的用户接口方式分类,诸如视觉、听觉、环境/空间触觉、味觉和嗅觉。这些类别实质上对应于用户的人体生物感觉。这五个示例的类别只作为例子,根据系统或系统的特定用户所需的优先权的灵敏度等级,也可以采用各种各样的类别和子类别的属性。如果基准优先权存储器被配置得由一种专门的应用对之进行存取(诸如字处理或日程表软件),则人体感觉轴810可用以作为一个应用存取轴。在这种情况下,对于这种应用可利用的属性将对应于沿轴810的类别。
对于每种属性类型的特定用户优先权都存储在位于矩阵不同存取轴交会点上的属性存储单元内。例如,与视觉属性有关的属性存储单元存储诸如字体类型、字体尺寸、菜单次序优先权、菜单尺寸优先权、窗口尺寸优先权、图像位置、图型、颜色、模拟或数字规格或显示表之类的优先权。另外,与听觉属性有关的属性存储单元可含有各种类型的催促(prompt),诸如键反馈催促、电子邮件可听反馈催促、不良移动误差催促或变化完成催促权;否定指示优先权;话音和语言识别优先权;振铃,诸如紧急振铃、正常振铃、数据振铃;音量优先参数;音调类型优先参数;或者商业广播台选择优先权;低音和高音控制,以及衰减和均衡优先权。与环境或空间属性有关的属性存储单元可含温度优先权、湿度优先权、外部(新鲜)空气百分数优先权、空调均衡优先权、汽车座位位置优先权、汽车镜位置优先权和座位加热器温度优先权。
基准选择矩阵805的应用装置存取轴820规定应用装置的具体类型,诸如蜂窝电话机、个人计算机、个人组织器或车辆。此外,一种类型的应用装置可以是应用装置的一个子集,诸如不同类型的全功能或最少功能蜂窝电话,或由不同厂家生产的不同类型的蜂窝电话。
环境存取830是基准选择矩阵805的第三维,对于属性存取轴与应用装置存取轴不能提供的矩阵中的优先权,环境存取轴830能在其轴上提供改善的优先权。环境存取轴830有助于获得最准确的选择。除了三个轴810、820和830之外,多于三个存取轴也能采用。另一种可替代的方案是,在基准选择矩阵805的较简单实施中,可以省略环境轴830。与基准选择矩阵805的环境存取轴830有关的属性存储单元可以含有办公室环境、家庭环境或者诸如飞机、汽车等的车辆环境。
沿环境轴830的环境条件与沿应用装置轴820的应用装置或者沿人体感觉轴810的人体感觉不同,因为环境条件与周围背景噪声、周围照明条件的暗或亮、或特定环境中其它特性等的环境情况有关,它们需要有确定的优先权组合,以避免中断,或帮助该环境中的个体用户。例如,在个体用户的环境要求所需温度和湿度的优先权的加热和空调系统中,环境是很重要的。例如,一个用户希望办公室的温度比家里冷些,便可利用环境轴830来得到不同的优先权。在这个例子中,对办公室中的召开会议可指定为一个子环境类别,它对于利用振动器来作为蜂窝电话的非可闻振铃要求一个优先权。然而,当用户未出席会议时,则该办公室的子环境可对蜂窝电话选用可闻的振铃。
基准选择矩阵805最好根据从一个应用装置接收到的优先权选择矢量、沿多个轴来访问。该优先权选择矢量至少含有两个或多个选择准则,诸如所需的人体感觉类型、所需的环境或周围情况以及实际的应用或应用装置类型。据此,建立优先权可通过在一个特定环境下(例如在飞机上或在办公室会议室里)利用多个准则(例如已存储的人体感觉优先权之中一种所需人体感觉)访问一个基准优先权存储器来实现的。这样的基准优先参数存储器以前是不可能有的。利用基准优先权矢量访问这个存储器,可对多种类型的情况建立优先权,而不拖累用户作无数不同的建立程序和选择。
根据轴线上标示的交会点,可以直接存取基准选择矩阵805的一个属性存储单元内存储的优先权。例如,在办公室环境下一个蜂窝电话应用装置可以具有视觉属性,例如从交会处的属性存储单元内存储的优先权中选择出字体尺寸。然而,当供装置不可应用或当不足够的优先权存储在所需轴的交会点的属性存储单元内时,应用装置的用户可以将优先权直接输入到该应用装置,以存储在一个对话优先权存储器中。如果用户不想在这时输入优先权,则利用一个建立程序来建立优先权。在由建立程序建立优先权之后,应用装置的用户可以改善建立的优先权为新选定的用户优先权,或可以推迟到较后的时间改善和选择优先权。
在一个实施例中,建立程序通过指定缺席(default)优先权来建立优先权。通常,在典型的环境下,一个典型用户的缺席优先权存储在一个应用装置上使用的每种应用中。另一种可替代的方案是,在另一个实施例中建立程序利用一个预测程序建立优先权。某些优先权在一个应用装置中需要并且任一个优先权不能得到或不能接受时,利用一个预测过程从优先权选择矩阵805中直接提供出它们来建立优先权,并存储在该应用装置的对话优先权存储器中。预测程序通过存取存储在优先权选择矩阵805的相邻属性存储单元中次最佳优先权可预测优先权。优先权也可以利用人工智能被准确地确定。据此,优先权存储器的多维结构可由人工智能利用基础知识和网络来提供。例如,使用这样的存储器利用模糊逻辑来预测优先权。此外,优先权可用一个神经网络来预测,该神经网络用于学习各种应用装置、环境等的用户优先权。这样的神经网络能在给定这种新应用装置或环境下预测所需属性的用户优先权。
该预测程序可以在应用装置或供体装置中被执行。在应用装置中,预测程序被执行是根据用户在应用装置当前所含的优先权(诸如对话优先权存储器中的那些优先权)或根据供体装置的基准优先权存储器中的优先权。在供体装置中,执行预测程序是根据在基准优先权存储器中为用户存储的优先权。对于在应用装置中要执行的一个最佳预测过程,该应用装置最好需要从用户基准优先权集存取最大可应用的优先权数据。最大可应用的优先权数据存储在一个供体装置的基准优先权存储器中。整个用户基准优先权集从供体装置的基准优先权存储器到一个应用装置的传输对于一个网络是很麻烦的,或者在应用装置中占用不合理的存储器数量。在这种情况下,预测程序是由具有与准优先权存储器有关的一个处理器的一个供体装置来执行。
无论是在应用装置中或是在供体装置中执行预测过程,都能在矩阵中的靠近地相关优先权之间内插或定标。例如,为个人计算机的荧光屏选取的字体尺寸要比为蜂窝电话的屏幕的大些,因为个人计算机的屏幕大于蜂窝电话屏幕。袖珍式组织器的屏幕尺寸大体处于上述两者之间,但它不具有为字体大小而建立的优先权。为此,该选择和预测算法可以用在个人计算机字体尺寸与蜂窝电话字体尺寸之间标定一个合适距离以对袖珍式组织器的屏幕尺寸提出一种字体尺寸。
图12示出按照本发明在应用装置1210与供体装置1230之间的信息传输的方框图。一个优先权选择矢量1240从应用装置1210传送到供体装置1230,以从基准优先权存储器1220中存取一个或多个优先参数1280。优先权选择矢量1240是由应用装置1210根据实际情况(例如应用装置类型1270和应用类型1275都被使用)得到的。应用装置类型1270和应用类型1275最好由该应用装置内部使用一个计算机电路的来确定。据此,优先权选择矢量1240可以代表所需属性特征的存取轴。例如,指明所需属性的环境码1243和人体感觉码1245可用于优先权选择矢量1240,表示为“环境”、“人体感觉”。优先权选择矢量还可由所需属性的类型来限定,诸如人体视觉和听觉优先权,表示为“环境”、“视觉”、“听觉”。
优先权选择矢量最好不含有使用应用装置的特定用户的用户码。这是因为诸如智能卡之类的某些供体装置例如最好是对一个用户专用的。在这样的情况下,因卡只对一位用户提供优先权信息,故用户信息无需传送给智能卡。在一张卡或其它供体装置能对一个以上的用户提供优先权的情况下,除了选择矢量之外,还须传送指明一个用户的信息例如用户码,以访问供体装置。为此,对于服务于多个用户的一个供体装置,除了优先权选择矢量之外,用户信息要传送给该供体装置。
图13示出按照本发明的一个实施例中一种用以存储和预测优先权的装置。一个层式神经网络1310起存储优先权的存储器和预测优先权的处理器的双重作用。当方式开关1330处于下面位置时,神经网络1310工作,可提供与优先权选择矢量1340有关的预测优先权1320。当方式开头1330处于上面位置时,神经网络1310工作,学习或记忆与优先权选择矢量1340有关的输入优先权1350。神经网络1310根据对各层的个别节点上所分配的加权值1370,学习机记忆。对于一个有关的优先权选择矢量1340,简单地示例为一个比较器1360的加权误差算法根据神经网络输出与优先权输入1350之间的差值提供加权值。
图14至图16示出必需建立新的优先权时,优先权初始化的方法流程图。在必需初始化优先权时,在步骤901调用该方法。例如,在步骤903将一种新的应用装入一个新的应用装置时必需建立优先权。当应用装置中需要新的优先参数时,在步骤905该应用装置首先判定供体装置是否可利用。如果该供体装置不可利用,则流程前进到步骤907;如果该供体装置可利用,则流程前进到步骤913。
该应用装置还能根据检验应用装置中存储的信息,判定这个应用是否是第一次由该用户予以使用。这种信息在应用装置中的存储会占去太多的存储器,因而该应用装置和供体装置需要相互通信,以判定这个应用是否是第一次由该用户使用。
当这个应用先前已由该用户使用过时,在步骤907根据先前存储的优先权,该应用装置使用予设定的优先权或预测的优先权。这些优先权可从应用装置中的对话优先权存储器内得到,或者从供体装置的基准优先权存储器内存储的用户基准优先权集中得到。
由于所有其它有应用装置不准确地要求用户为一个先前的应用装置为该应用方面所选定的相同的优先权,故流程前进到步骤909,判定优先权是否要求改善。如果优先权不要求改善,则在步骤911该对话结束。如果要求改善,则流程前进到步骤925,在那里用户选择是立即改善还是推迟改善优先权。
当对这个应用还未为该用户设定优先权时,流程从步骤905前进到步骤913。在步骤913访问供体装置。对该供体装置的访问例如可通过无线连接、电缆直接连接、射频或红外线等在一个实时网络上进行。然后,在步骤915应用装置与供体装置执行双向通信,以建立相同的类别和该类别内的实际属性选择。然后,应用上述的各种技术对大多数的属性进行识别和预测。最好利用基准选择矩阵来产生优先权信息。
在步骤916应用装置向供体装置传送优先权选择矢量,该矢量内含例如指明所需的人类感觉属性的人体感觉码、指明所需属性所希望的环境的环境码以及指明所用的特定应用装置的应用装置码。当被访问的供体装置具有能够为多个用户存储优先权的类型时,指明该应用装置用户的用户码连同优先权选择矢量一起发送。
供体装置然后在实时网络上或在直接有线链路或无线链路上接收优先权选择矢量和任何用户码。供体装置根据任一个接收到的用户码,选择一个适当的基准优先权存储器。然后,响应优先权选择矢量,供体装置例如利用预测来获得或确定该优先权。随后,在步骤916由供体装置确定的那些优先权在实时网络上或在直接有线或无线链路上被送回到应用装置。结合地看这种双向通信,应用装置不需要含有供体装置的整个基准优先参数存储器。然而,供体装置可利用优先权选择矩阵中例如指明多个存取轴上的信息而被访问。在无转送这种信息的双向通信过程的情况下,整个基准优先权矩阵需要装入应用装置的存储器中,以使应用装置本身能够确定或预测优先权。据此,在避免双向通信时,将整个基准优先权存储器装入一个应用装置中仍是可能的。
在步骤919,判定基准选择矩阵是否产生必要的优先权信息。如果基准优先权选择矩阵未产生必要的优先权信息,则流程前进到步骤923,在那里,利用上述的预测技术,根据有关的应用装置的有关先有属性选择,预测出一种选择。如果基准选择矩阵确实产生优先权信息,则在步骤921利用在该矩阵中有配对的那些优先权。此后,由用户可优选地改善此优先权。
在步骤925,允许用户确定用户是相立即改善还是推迟改善优先权。如果用户选择推迟改善,则在步骤927让用户选择对于随后的交互作用中所需的改善是否要被催促。在定期性的时间延迟之后可提供这种催促,询问用户现在用户是否希望改善。如果用户对于所需的改善希望被催促,则该用户在一个特定事件,例如下一次时用户接受此应用时或者诸如在一个时间延迟之后,被催促。当一种事件例如一个时间延迟之后,在步骤929用户被询问:用户现在是否希望改善优先权。如果用户现在希望改善,则流程进入步骤935开始改善过程。然而,如果在催促之后用户并不想现在改善,则流程前进到931。在步骤931,在例如再启动一个新的应用的事件时,由应用装置催促用户。在步骤933,当用户前进到更复杂的应用等级时,用户被催促作出改善。如果在步骤931或步骤933,用户选择改善,则流程进入步骤935开始改善过程。然而,如果在步骤931和步骤933之后用户决定不改善,则流程环回到步骤927。
如步骤936中扼要指出的,改善过程允许用户在这个专门应用装置上由用户使用的应用按规格制定预测的优先权;又如步骤937中扼要指出的,允许用户对用户想要改善的属性来标识出独特的优先权。如步骤939中扼要指出的,用户还可以完成一种选择在此之前未遇到过的属性。这种按规格制定或选择能从根据用户的历史性的数据(例如从一个供体装置上接收到的信息)所确定的的一个选择表选择的。这个选取最好能代表在预测过程中按正确度的似真性进行排列各种预测的优先权。在这个改善过程中,在步骤941,首先询问用户:用户对于任何特定的属性是否希望推迟优先权改善。如果用户对于某些特定属性选择推迟改善,则流程将通过步骤943前进到步骤945。在步骤943,利用该装置或应用缺席或预测的优先权,从这个改善过程中选择被推迟的那些属性是被指定的优先权。然后,在步骤945用户选择要改善的那些优先权是为其余属性选择的。最后在步骤947对话结束。
图14至图16的流程图也可以用于为一个新用户初始地建立个人属性选择与管理系统。从步骤901开始,在步骤935该新用户会立即要求执行改善程序。此后,为供体装置中的合适的属性选定的优先权可被存储。
图17示出用于自动更新优先权的流程图,它开始于步骤1001。在步骤1003应用装置或供体装置判定是否需要更新用户的基准优先权存储器。这种需要可能发生例如在新的优先权已经改善得可供多种应用情况使用的时候。在这样的情况下,这些新优先权需要存储入用户基准优先权存储器中。如果无优先权需要更新,则在步骤1005对话结束。在步骤1007,通过询问来提醒用户:用户是否希望重写旧的优先权。如果用户想要抑制旧优先权的重写,则在步骤1013对话结束。如果用户授权重写旧的优先权,则在步骤1015判定供体装置是否可使用(例如一个实时连接当前可使用)。如果这个供体装置可使用,则流程前进到步骤1017,在那里通过一个网络、直接的有线或无线连接,与该供体装置建立连接。然而,如果对另一个装置的访问不能达到,则通过从步骤1015的返回到步骤1003,更新优先权被实际上推迟了。在通过直接的有线或无线连接而与供体装置建立一个连接之后,在步骤1019基准优先权存储器存储最新的时间印记的优先权而被更新。最后,在步骤1021对话结束。
图18示出用户对不是专门应用的优先权进行初始更新的流程图。该方法在步骤1101处开始,在那里对不是专门应用的优先权(例如显示器的背景颜色、或显示器的字体类型)可被更新。当用户配戴新的眼镜并希望对于无论是应用情况或应用装置的一切场合都调整好视觉特性时,该用户会使用这种更新程序。如步骤1103判定当用户已指令供体装置的基准优先权存储器更新时就发生这样的更新。如果用户并未指令这样的更新,则在步骤1105对话结束。否则,在步骤1109设定待更新的用户专用属性和新的基准。此后,在步骤1111对于选择矩阵内的一群属性单元或一个属性单元。用关键优先权来修改基准优先权存储器。最后,在步骤1113对话结束。
虽然在上文的描述和在附图中已经说明和示出本发明,但应理解这种描述仅是示例性的,本领域的技术人员可以作出无数的变动和修改,它们偏离不开本发明的真正精神和范围。鉴此,各种各样的用户基准优先权集可以存储在不同的存储单元内,这取决于供体装置的方便和可应用性。

Claims (10)

1.一种能够建立优先权的应用装置,其特征在于,该应用装置包括:
一个端口,用以与一个具有优先权的供体装置相耦合;
一个控制器,可操作性地与所述端口相耦合,以通过该端口访问该供体装置,向该供体装置提供一个特定用户的优先权选择矢量,并从该供体装置接收与该特定用户的优先权选择矢量相关联的专用优先权,以作为响应。
2.按照权利要求1的应用装置,其特征在于,所述的控制器可操作性地与所述端口相耦合,以通过该端口访问该供体装置,向该供体装置提供至少三维的优先权选择矢量。
3.按照权利要求1的应用装置,其特征在于,所述的控制器可操作性地与所述端口相耦合,以通过该端口访问该供体装置,向该供体装置提供优先参数选择矢量,该矢量含有指明了任何使用环境、人体感觉、应用装置类型和周围情况,并从该供体装置接收与优先权选择矢量有关联的专用优先权以作为响应。
4.按照权利要求1的应用装置,其特征在于,
所述端口利用一个无线连接与该供体装置相耦合,该供体装置具有多个用户的优先权;
所述控制器在可操作性地与所述端口相耦合,以通过该端口访问该供体装置,向该供体装置提供优先参数选择矢量,该矢量含有识别该应用装置的用户的信息,并从该供体装置接收专用优先参数,以作为响应。
5.按照权利要求1的应用装置,其特征在于,
所述端口通过一个网络与该供体装置相耦合,该供体装置具有多个用户的优先权;
所述控制器或可操作性地与所述端口相耦合,以通过该端口访问该供体装置,向该供体装置提供优先权选择矢量,该矢量含有识别该应用装置的用户的信息,并从该供体装置接收专用优先参数,以作为响应。
6.按照权利要求1的应用装置,其特征在于,所述应用装置包括一个无线电话机。
7.一种能够为应用装置建立优先权的供体装置,其特征在于,所述的供体装置包括:
一个端口,耦合到一个应用装置上,用以接收一个用户的优先权选择矢量;
一个基准优先权存储器,具有多维结构,其内存储优先权,可操作性地与所述端口相耦合,向该应用装置提供与该特定用户的优先权选择矢量有关联的专用优先权。
8.按照权利要求7的供体装置,其特征在于,
所述供体装置包括一张对于该用户是独特的卡;
所述基准优先权存储器具有其内存储的一个用户的优先权;
所述端口与该应用装置相耦合,以接收该个用户的优先权选择矢量,并提供从所述基准优先权存储器来的与该个用户有关的专用优先权,以作为响应。
9.一种用以建立优先权的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)将一个要求建立优先权的应用装置与一个具有优先权的供体装置相耦合;
(b)访问其内存储优先权的供体装置;
(c)向该供体装置提供一个特定用户的优先权选择矢量;
(d)从该供体装置接收它们是与该特定用户的优先参数选择矢量有关的专用优先参数,以作为响应。
10.一种用以建立优先权的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)将一个要求建立优先权的应用装置与一个具有优先权的供体装置相耦合;
(b)访问该应用装置;
(c)从该应用装置接收一个特定用户的优先权选择矢量;
(d)应用该供体装置的多个存取轴的信息,访问一个基准优先权存储器,并向该应用装置传输与该特定用户的优先权选择矢量有关的专用优先参数。
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US5633484A (en) 1997-05-27
CA2165278A1 (en) 1996-06-30
GB2296584B (en) 1999-11-10
ITRM950854A0 (it) 1995-12-27
ES2112198B1 (es) 1998-12-16
GB9526275D0 (en) 1996-02-21
CA2165278C (en) 1999-04-06
CN1077304C (zh) 2002-01-02
GB2296584A (en) 1996-07-03
US5814798A (en) 1998-09-29
IT1277968B1 (it) 1997-11-12
DE19548393C2 (de) 2001-07-19
FR2729038B1 (fr) 2004-08-20
FR2729038A1 (fr) 1996-07-05
ES2112198A1 (es) 1998-03-16
DE19548393A1 (de) 1996-07-11
ITRM950854A1 (it) 1997-06-27
JP4006033B2 (ja) 2007-11-14
JPH08255033A (ja) 1996-10-01

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