CN1137232A - 前向体内整合装置 - Google Patents
前向体内整合装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1137232A CN1137232A CN94194428A CN94194428A CN1137232A CN 1137232 A CN1137232 A CN 1137232A CN 94194428 A CN94194428 A CN 94194428A CN 94194428 A CN94194428 A CN 94194428A CN 1137232 A CN1137232 A CN 1137232A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- spacing body
- central
- groove
- arm
- horizontal spacing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
一种体内整合装置(20),它包括一对横向隔件(21)和一对中央隔件(22,23),其每个大小制成允许经皮肤穿过一椎间盘环带的一个切开的入口引入。每个横向隔件(21)包括一对在其间确定出一个槽(34)的相对侧面(33),而各中央隔件(21,23)在其相对端部处包括构造成可置纳于一相应横向隔件(21)的一槽(34)内的臂(47,57)。臂与槽可联锁,以防止组装在椎间盘空间内完成时各部件分开。此中央与横向隔件组件在其间界定出一个用来插入骨移植物的空腔(25)。中央与横向隔件构造成可使骨移植物所在的空腔位于最弱但具有最多血管及最具有生物活性的脊椎骨体的上方,而横向隔件则与椎间盘环带相邻并位于最强的脊椎骨的上方。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及用作前向固定装置的脊椎植入物,同时涉及到在除去一损伤的椎间盘之后用来置放于遗留下的脊椎骨间空隙内,以促进体内整合的植入物。
由于椎间盘环带的破坏、椎间盘的慢性炎症,或许由于衰老性病症而可能造成的一定椎间盘周围的脊椎骨体的相对不稳定,会成为持续背痛且常常致残的一个主要原因。在较严重的致残病例中,需要在拟治疗的椎间盘的每一侧对脊椎骨的运动作出某种形式的机械限制。在更为严重的情况下,椎盘组织发生不可修复的损坏,从而就有移出整个椎盘的必要。但是当将脊间盘的核心组织去掉而此后不进行稳定化处理,则会由于持续性的炎症和/或不稳定性,常会再次发生同样的致残背痛后果。
为在切除椎间盘物质后稳定其相邻的椎骨体已开发出多种方法。其中的一种方法是用螺钉将刚性板的端部结合到各个脊椎骨上,即按照一个标准的技术使两个相邻的脊椎骨从后向沿横侧整合。但已然发现用刚性板作后向整合时会伴随有使假骨节与植入物的松驰和/或失效。
另一种方法涉及到在采用前述的后向横侧整合与刚性的后向器械时,如上所述,附带有从后向通道置入体内移植物或植入物,利用这种方法尽管可以显著地改进整合速率,但这会给脊椎神经留下伤痕,导致痛苦或神经病理缺陷。
在另一种方法中涉及植入前向移植物。当前已知有三种普通类型的前向装置。在一种类型中,整个脊椎骨体由一个间跨此脊椎骨与两个周围的椎间盘内空间的植入物取代。此方法常用于脊椎骨体同样因肿瘤、破裂等而受损伤的情况。在另一种处理方法中,则只将椎间盘由修补性的盘取代。此方法的目的不是在器械化的水平上于脊椎骨间整合,而表现为由植入物替代椎间盘的机械特点。
第三种方法是本发明更具体针对的一种方法,它涉及到一种装置,该装置用来在椎间盘内空间促进整合或关节固定。在上腰椎,可把骨移植物置入椎间盘内,并利用螺钉突入到横脊椎体内,由设置在此侧脊椎体上的板稳定周围的脊椎骨。这种方法由于区域性的脉管组织结构而不能用于下腰椎间盘空间。不幸的是,有90%以上的腰椎整合术是在下腰椎区进行的。这样就需要有一种装置来稳定相邻的脊椎骨,例如在下腰椎区中,此种装置主要限制在给定的椎间盘空间内。
尽管有很少几种这类装置是周知的(例如Pove在美国专利第4,904,261号中所示的装置),但仍然需要有一种前向的腰椎体内整合装置,它能改进相邻脊椎骨间的整合速率,还能防止由于例如端板有空隙化现象而导致的椎间盘内空间塌缩。还需要有一种安全、有效且仍能与传统的外科关节固定术实践相一致的整合装置。
联系到本发明的体内整合装置的发展,申请人业已确定了一种安全和有效装置应该满足某些设计的目的。一个重要的目的是,在相邻脊椎间传递的负荷应该是在脊椎体的最强部分上。某些先有技术整合装置中的甚至是某些假体椎间盘装置中的一个问题是,此种负荷的大部分反作用到脊椎体的最弱部分上,导致进入周围脊椎端板内的装置空化,结果使椎间盘内的空间塌缩,甚至损伤脊椎本身。
此外,一种理想的体内整合装置应适合病人椎间盘内的组织结构,同时要尽可能接近于恢复椎间盘、梗节、神经根与小平面关节的组织结构关系,以免将来出现生理上的问题。恢复正常椎间盘高度也使椎间盘环带回复到它的张紧状态,减少环的鼓胀或脱出,同时改善椎盘内空间的稳定性。于此同时,此种装置不应使腰椎不受脊椎通常承受的所有应力的影响,这是因为业已发现,减少脊椎上的正常应力会损失骨的质量与强度。
最后,这种体内整合装置应提供足够的空间内部的刚性,以消除对外部固定板或刚性固定板的需要。本着上述目标,申请人开发了本发明的前向体内整合装置与方法。
发明概要
本发明提出了一种体内整合装置,它的构型制成便于在通过椎间盘环带的一入口切除椎间盘物质之后插入椎间盘内空间。此装置包括一对横向隔件,它们大致以半圆形构型形成并占据不到椎间盘内空间的区域的一半。每个横向隔件限定出一个对向并从内部面向侧面的槽。此装置还包括一对中央隔件,每个隔件的构型制成在其各自端部可与横向隔件的槽相接合。这些槽与中央隔件的端部取联锁接合的构型,例如鸠尾式,使得中央隔件只能沿此槽的长度滑动插入和撤出。换言之,上述横向与中央隔件之间的联锁特点在横向隔件之间保持一预定和固定的侧向间隔,使得横向隔件配置在椎间盘环带的邻近,而更重要的是配置在具有最大强度和最大承载能力的脊椎体的区域之上。
这种体内整合装置的各个部件即横向的与中央的隔件的尺寸设计成可以通过椎间盘环带中的一单一入口。但当组装到椎间盘内空间时,此整合装置则占据整个空间,只在隔件之间留下一个用于插入骨移植物质的中央空腔。此中央空腔位于最弱的但分布有最多血管而最具生物活性的脊椎体骨的上方。用例如螺钉一类的紧固装置来保持隔件在椎间盘空间内它们的组装起的构型中。
横向隔件在其前向面上设有纳置紧固螺钉的螺纹孔。此外,这些孔可接纳一个用来将横向隔件导引到椎间盘内的插杆,而这一插杆最终用来使这对横向隔件在椎间盘内空间中分离开。横向隔件一旦分开,就利用一接合在每个隔件中的一导向孔内导杆插入中间隔件。这样,横向与中央隔件便组装和联锁成一个三维的甚难分开的部件。骨移植物质则最好在后向中央隔件业已定位之后和插入前向隔件中之前插入。
本发明的另一实施例给出了只有一个中央隔件的整合装置,以及一种能接受多个骨螺钉将该装置固定于一相邻脊椎骨上的装置。本发明还提供了用来插入和组装此装置部件的器械。在一特定的方面中,是用齿条齿轮驱动的分布器杆将横向分隔件分布于椎间盘内空间中。
本发明的一个重要的目的在于提供一种能恢复或保持椎间盘内空间的正常几何结构,例如椎间盘的高度和径向角的整合装置。另一个目的在于这种装置这样的多部件特点,它们能通过自身穿过椎间盘典型的切开入口插入而使各部件引入,但当在椎间盘内空间组装后它们基本上占据了此整个空间。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供这样一种装置,通过为设置与凹的脊椎骨体端板相配合的凸表面可使此装置在椎间盘空间内成为自稳定的。
本发明的这种整合装置的又一个目的在于实现使此种装置的多组件特点能允许在最具有生物活性和血管分布最多的脊椎骨体的区域中产生一骨移植物空腔,由此能够促进增强与快速的融合。此外,这种装置的载荷部件是位于脊椎的最强脊椎骨之上。
通过考虑针对本发明所作的说明与附图,可以迅速地认识到通过本发明所能实现的其它目的以及某些优点。
附图的简要说明
图1是本发明的前向体内整合装置一优选实施例的顶视透视图;
图2是已将图1中的体内整合装置设置于脊椎骨体上的一腰椎的顶视图;
图2A是说明脊椎体内不等骨强度的区域的脊椎骨体的示意图;
图3是图1中所示体内整合装置设在两个腰椎骨之间的A-P图;
图4是定位于相邻脊椎骨之间的上述体内整合装置的径向平面图;
图5是图1中所示的体内整合装置沿5-5线截取且顺箭头示向观察的顶视透视横剖图;
图6是图1所示的整合装置的一横向隔件部件的顶视透视图;
图7是图6所示的横向隔件部件的端视图;
图8是图1所示的整合装置的后向隔件部件的底视透视图;
图9是图8所示的后向隔件部件的端视图;
图10是图8所示的后向隔件部件的顶视图;
图11是图1所示的整合装置的前向隔件部件的底视透视图;
图12是图8所示的前向隔件部件的端视图;
图13是图8所示的前向隔件部件的顶视图;
图14是示明图1所示的体内整合装置的横向隔件部件配置的顶视透视图,用来表示植入此种装置的方法中的一个步骤;
图15示明图14中所示的体内整合装置的横向隔件部件的顶视局部横剖图,在此装置中设有分布器杆;
图16-18是示明此体内整合装置的插入与装配的其它步骤的顶视透视图;
图19是用来将此装置的各部件相联结的紧固螺钉与用来插装此螺钉的驱动工具的顶视局部横剖图;
图20是图6所示的体内整合装置的一侧视图;其表明这种装置所具有的均匀厚度;
图21是与图20所示类似的一种体内整合装置的另一种构型的侧视图,其中具有成一定角度的径向面;
图22是图11中所示的前向隔件的一种变型的底视透视图;
图23是图22所示的前向隔件部件的端视图;
图24是设置在包括有图22与23所示变型的前向隔件部件的体内整合装置中两脊椎骨间的径向面的视图;
图25是类似于图24所示装置的前向体内整合装置的底视透视图,但例外的是使用了两个固接螺钉;
图26是依据本发明的利用了单一的一个中央分隔件的前向体内整合装置的另一实施例的前向透视图;
图27是本发明的又另一实施例的顶视透视图,其中的骨移植材料插入件构成的形状适合于置放在此装置的两个横向隔件之间;和
图28是用来将本发明的体内整合装置插入的器械的顶视透视图。
优选实施例的说明
为促进本发明原理的了解,可参看附图中所示实施例,同时用专门语言来说明这些实施例。但应该认识到这并非用来限制本发明的范围,对于图示装置的种种变动与进一步的更改以及对本发明的原理的进一步的应用结果,这些对于熟悉本发明技术的技术人员乃是常识范围内的事情。
依据本发明的一实施例,一种体内整合装置在图1以标号20示明。一般地说,这种整合装置是一四部件式装置。装置20包括一对横向隔件21、一个后向中央隔件22和一个前向中央隔件23,而这两个中央隔件则接合到这对横向隔件上使它们保持分开。设有一对紧固螺钉24用来将整个组合件锁定到一起,以形成此完整的整合装置20。这一完全装配好的装置20在横向与中央隔件之间界定出一空腔25,可用来在其中纳置骨移植材料。
在图2-4中所示,例如装置20是位于相邻的腰椎骨L4与L5之间。具体地说,在图2中此装置20所在位置与脊椎骨体B相对。由装置20的各部件所界定出的空腔25充填有骨移植材料G。骨移植材料G可以是此项技术中周知的网状骨或骨片,或者可以是适当的骨移植件代用材料。如图3与4所示,体内整合装置20使相邻的脊椎骨L保持或适当的椎间盘距离。骨移植材料G充填到相邻脊椎骨之间的整个空腔25内,随着时间的推移而把两个脊椎骨整合到一起。
比较图2与2A可以阐明本发明的一个重要特点。在图2A中,脊椎体B以其骨强区域表示。业已发现,脊椎体B中央的肾形部B1包括着绝大部分弱的网状骨。围绕着中央部分的环状的肾形区B2含有较强的骨,而环形骨突B3则有着此脊椎体中最强的骨。考虑到以上所述,本发明着眼于使负荷集中到具有最强载荷能力的脊椎体B的区域中。例如,整个整合装置20取一般的环状肾形,而对应于脊椎体B中较强的骨部B2与B3的环状肾形。装置20的整体形状是通过各具有部分透镜形状的两个横向隔件来实现的,而后向隔件22与前向隔件23具有一大致相应于较强脊椎体骨的中央部分的外部轮廓。空腔25中的骨移植材料G一般地位于脊椎体B的最弱部分B1的上方。但这部分B1已知也是血管密集与具有高度生物活性的区域,使得它成为一个骨移植物置入与整合的最理想的位置。
体内整合装置20的进一步细节表示在图5的横剖图中。根据本发明,组装起的装置20中的各个部件是联锁到一起以提高它的强度与刚性,同时实现了一种易于组装成一脊椎外科手术的严格规定的结构。先有技术中只由一个单一部件组成的这类装置的一个问题在于,这些装置不能迅即适用于近代的前向整合技术。在前向整合术的早期历史中,是在下腹部切开一个15英寸的刀口,而把较大型的单件整合部件通过这一切口植入。现在,前向整合可以理想地通过一个更小的1.5至2英寸的切口完成而不用裂开任何下腹部肌肉。在一种典型的手术中,外科医生将使切口的尺寸能按约45°角观察到椎间盘环带。较新的椎间盘切除术可迅捷地适合于这种有限的尺寸。但在本申请人的发明之前,据申请人所知尚没有哪种体内整合装置能把负荷分配到脊椎体的一个显著部分但仍能插过小的解剖术切口。
于是,整合装置20的联锁部件所取的构型是易于插入和组装的。如图1与图5-6所示,每个横向隔件21是由一个具有相对端板面30的体部29形成。这些端板表面30所具构型能触及相邻脊椎体的端板。这种端板表面30每个的面积最好为完整的整合装置20所占总面积的约1/3。
在一特定的实施例中,端板表面30可以包括一种多孔性的生物相容的涂层。在一具体的实施例中,此装置的横向隔件21以及其它部件可以由涂以羟基磷灰石涂层的钛组成。此种涂层能够促进各横向隔件21与对应的脊椎体B之间的整合。每个端板表面30包括一个环绕横向隔件21的周界的斜切边缘31。斜切边缘31有利于朝相邻脊椎间的插入,并显著地减少了由于采用具有尖锐边缘的装置而可能损伤周围组织。
横向隔件21的体部29还包括一个如图6最清楚表明的限定在此体部一个侧面33中的联锁槽24。联锁槽34有一个端面35,其从装置20的后端向前端构成一角度。联锁槽34还包括有相对的斜切壁部36,它们如图7所示,从此槽的封闭端到开口端相互构成角度。这些壁部36定位成构成一个角度A,此角度在一特定实施例中为45°。
各横向隔件21的体部29还包括一个界定在体部29的前表面中的螺钉孔37。此螺钉孔37在其底部终止于一个螺纹孔38,该螺纹孔可啮合图1所示的其中一个紧固螺钉24。螺钉孔37还包括一个头部凹座39,其可使紧固螺钉的头部隐蔽于体部20内。每个横向隔件29的前向表面还包括一个如图6最清楚表明的,在联锁槽40的端部处界定在所述体部中并一个与螺钉孔37最邻近的隔件槽口40。
各横向隔件21的特点适合于各中央隔件22与23作联锁接合。首先描述后向中央隔件22,从图5与图8至10可以看到,后向隔件22包括一个隔件体45,它有一对从此本体的两侧突出的鸠尾臂47。这对鸠尾臂47包括相对成角度的表面48,它们的构型制成可接合到各横向隔件21的联锁槽34内。这样在各成角度表面48中便界定出一个约等于槽34的两斜切壁部36所确定出的角度A的包含角。
每个鸠尾臂47包括一个弯曲的端面49,它的构型构成可与各横向隔件21中的联锁槽34的弯形端壁35相匹配。从图5与10可以看出,鸠尾臂47的端面49所构成的角度与横向隔件21中的端臂35的角度互补。每个臂47还包括一个内延伸部50,它充填着横向隔件体29中的联锁槽34的近一半的长度。最后,在后向隔件体45内限定出一个中央导向孔51,其中它使用在此装置的装配过程中,后面将对此作较详细地说明。
特别是在图5中可以看到,后向中央隔件22借助每个鸠尾臂47被定位成进入各横向隔件21中的一相应联锁槽34内。此后向隔件22沿各个槽运动,直至各鸠尾臂47的端面49接触各联锁槽34的端壁35。联锁槽34与鸠尾臂47的互铺的角部防止在这两个部件之间发生横向分离。也就是说,后向隔件体22在体内整合装置20位于两相邻脊椎骨之间时保持着各横向隔件21之间的距离。
整合装置20的另一个部件是前向中央隔件23,它详细地示明在图4与图11至13中。具体地说,前向中央隔件23包括一个隔件体55,其有一对朝后向从其上延伸出的臂57。每个臂57包括相对的成角度的表面58,它们与后向隔件的鸠尾臂47类似构型制成可接合在横向隔件21的联锁槽34内。每个后向臂57包括一个端面59,它直接贴合着后向中央隔件22的鸠尾臂47的各个前向延伸部50的端部。这样,当这两个前向与后向隔件接合于联锁槽34内时,这两个中央隔件牢牢地相互压触。
前向隔件体55还包括一个与各臂57相邻的朝后向的内表面60。内表面60与各个横向隔件21中的隔件槽口40的一部分接触,以便将各前向隔件保持就位。前向隔件体55还包括一对限定在此体的侧边内且沿朝向后向的臂57的前向部取向的凹口62。在此装配好的结构中,这些凹口62与横向隔件体29中对应的头部凹座39对齐。前向中央隔件23上的凹口62与头部凹座39共同组合形成在其中可置纳紧固螺钉24的头部的大致呈圆形的凹座。最后,此前向隔件体55包括一中央孔64,该孔当装置20组装好后与后向中央隔件22中的孔51准直。
如上所述,本发明的体内整合装置20包括几个部件,每个部件小到足以通过一个典型的前向椎间盘切开入口植入。确切地说,这些部件的各个端面的面积显著地小于椎间盘内空间或环形区域的面积。例如各横向隔件21的端板表面30的面积小于上述环形区域面积的一半。后向中央隔件22的端面46和前向中央隔件23的端面56占据着一个显著小于此环形区域面积的面积(例如参见图2)。由这样最小表面区域与各部件的最小尺寸组成的体内整合装置意味着,此种装置可以用于最小损伤手术。
于是在植入本装置的一种方法中,从事的是一种标准的前向剖切与骨节脱离术。在取出椎间盘的内核物质后,可用周知的方式制备出脊椎端板。一旦制备好相邻的脊椎端板后,可将一对横向隔件21插入手术位置,使相邻的脊椎骨从脱位分开,允许使各个横向隔件21合适地定位。
在一个实施例中,是用图14所示的一种分布器杆80将各个横向隔件21引入。分布器杆80的细节可从图15看清。具体地说,从图中可知分布器杆80包括一个延伸到横向隔件体29的螺钉孔37内的定位销81。分布器杆80还可包括一个推迫止动件82,它的直径大于前述螺纹孔的直径但它配合在横向隔件21的头部凹座39内。分布器杆80可以用来操纵和推迫横向隔件21进入相邻脊椎骨之间的一适当位置。最好是使这两个横向隔件21最初紧紧并排地且甚至使它们各自的侧面33直接接触地插入。一旦这些隔件大致与脊椎体重叠,那么隔件21就通过用一根的单立的分布器棒(未示出)将两个分布器杆80移开而分开这对分隔体21。分布器棒则可构造成将各个分布器杆80的端部相对病人由外部移入而将这两个杆分开,由此而使横向隔件21分开一个合适的尺寸。
一旦横向隔件21适当地定位后,便将后向中央隔件22引入到病人体内。设有一导杆85用来将后向中央隔件22推进到适当位置。在一个具体的实施例中,导杆85可带有螺纹以与后向隔件22的导孔51中相似的螺纹配合。此隔件体则支承在导杆85的端部,然后再用此导杆推进和操纵后向中央隔件使其就位,而以鸠尾臂47定位到各个横向隔件21的联锁槽34内。后向中央隔件的某些操作步骤一般需要使鸠尾臂47在各个联锁槽34内适当定位。这样,利用一导杆85的某些优点便有可能夹持或接合上中央隔件。
一旦后向隔件22就位后,就可从后向体45的导孔51内旋拧下导杆85而从病人体内退出。然后将导杆85旋拧入前向隔件23中的类似的螺纹孔64内,以便于前向中央隔件23的引入。在另一种方式中,导杆85可以保持着与后向隔件体45中的导孔51相连接就位,而使前向中央隔件22单独地沿导杆85向前推入其适当位置。这是需要有一个单独的推迫件将前向隔件体55沿着上述杆徐缓地推进,直至其定位到它的合适的联锁位置。在此种情况下,前向中央隔件23中的孔64是不带螺纹的并且较杆85粗。
在使前向中央隔件23定位之前,可将骨移植物或其替代物引入空腔25中,此时这一空腔仅由两个横向隔件21与后向隔件22来限定。应该将足够量的移植物引入以填满空腔25,但仍允许引入前向中央隔件23来完全构成装置20。也可以换一种方式,在把整个装置装配好后再在使相邻脊椎骨脱位时将骨移植物引入到装置和一相邻的脊椎骨之间。还有一种方式是,在完成组装后通过前向隔件23中的孔64插入骨移植物G。
一旦整合装置20的联锁部件就位于两相邻脊椎骨之间,就可以除去导杆85和分布器杆80。整个组件由紧固螺钉24夹持在一起。如图5与19所示,每个紧固螺钉包括一个螺纹部分70,其可与各横向隔件21的螺纹孔38啮合。这些螺钉还包括一个将其导入螺丝孔37内的一个导向部分71。每个螺钉的头部72的大小制成可以纳置于横向隔件21的头部凹座39之内。每个螺钉24包括一个从头部72延伸到螺钉内的销子孔73。与此销子孔同心的是一驱动工具凹座74,该凹座在一特定的实施例中是一六边形凹座。销子孔73与驱动工具凹座74的构型制成可与一驱动工具90相接合,如图18与19所示,此驱动工具用来插入紧固螺钉24。
驱动工具90包括一个定位销91,它适合插入到销子孔83内。销子91可稍稍弯曲,以在销子伸入孔73内后将螺钉24保持在工具90上。工具90还包括一个在此特定实施例中为六边形驱动头92,其可以置纳于驱动工具凹座74之内。然后用驱动工具90将各个紧固螺钉24导入螺丝孔37内,并将各螺钉紧固于各相应孔内,使此装置的各个部件完全夹持在一起。
本发明的前向体内整合装置20是一种适于通过标准前向椎间盘切开入口插入的多部件装置。装置20是一种静态装置。这就是说,椎间盘内的间隙不随脊椎的运动而改变。因此重要的是,此种装置的尺寸在插入时要恰当,以保持病人的脊椎能有正确的组织结构关系。为此,各个横向隔件11可以按多种尺寸规格提供,以适应椎间盘的尺寸,同时也适应于腰椎的各个高度上脊椎体中较强脊椎骨的环状肾形区。
在一个特定的实施例中,各横向隔件在A-P方向所具有的长度略超过1英寸(25mm),且所形成的外半径约0.556英寸(14mm),使得此种隔件的横宽约为0.588英寸(15mm)。在此同一特定实施例中,横向隔件20厚约0.344英寸(8.5mm),以同病人的椎间盘内空间的厚度相关联。各个横向隔件21的横向间隔由后向与前向隔件22和23来保持。在此特定实施例中,每个这些隔件在其联锁臂之间的宽度约为0.787英寸(20mm)。与横向隔件21相同,每个中央隔件22与23可以按多种尺寸规格提供,特别是在这些隔件的横向臂或臂柱之间可以有不等的宽度变化。此外应该认识到,装置20的各个隔件的各种尺寸是在特定的高度上根据对脊椎的具体结构来确定的,它所取的构型要使此装置能接触到脊椎体B的最强的骨。
此外,一种合适的整合装置的几何结构可以有一个固定的径向角度,以在装置植入后保持病人有一个恰当的脊椎前凸曲率。如图20所示,装置21在端板表面30之间有一固定宽度,另外也可以提供如图21中所示的一种装置21′,其中相对的端板表面30′朝前向以一个角度A发散成近似于上述在两个脊椎骨之间的径向角或脊柱前凸角。
能够指望封装于此体内整合装置中的骨移植物会融合到相邻的脊椎骨上。可随骨移植材料引入促进骨结合或骨生长的物质,以提高脊椎骨的初始和最终整合效果。此外,至少在本发明的一种应用中可以期望椎间盘环带保持成基本上不受损伤,例外的只是在其前向表面有一个引入切口。这一椎间盘环带将产生一种抵抗整合装置的自然张力,以给椎间盘空间提供稳定性,并帮助把装置维持在其进行整合的合适位置。
在某些情形下,可能需要使体内整合装置对脊椎骨有较强的初始固定水平。为此可以利用图22与23中所示改进的前向中央隔件95来完成此装置的较强的固定。中央隔件95绝大部分与上述前向隔件22一致。与前述的隔件22相同,此前向隔件95包括一个穿过隔件的前表面延伸的孔96,此孔为与一个导杆85对准后用于插入所述隔件。但另一种前向隔件95则包括一个成一定角度与上述导向孔96相交的斜孔97。此斜孔构造成可让一固定骨螺钉98通过其中而最后旋拧入到一脊椎骨内。图24示明了这样一种结构,其中的骨螺钉98部分地旋拧入到L5脊椎骨中。此种骨螺钉能进一步固定整合装置,可加速骨移植物G与脊椎骨之间的整合过程。
另外,也可以提供两个骨螺钉将此装置固定到其中一个脊椎骨之上。这样一种装置示明在图25中,其中所示的前向隔件体95'有一个中央导孔96和两个斜孔97′与97″。这两个斜孔97′与97″的构型制成能让一相应的骨螺钉98通过其中接纳。孔97′与97″最好(但非必须)按不同角度取向,以使两个骨螺钉98能够不抵触地旋拧到脊椎骨上。
前述几个最优实施例的体内整合装置利用了两个中央隔件,例如图1中所示的后向隔件22与前向隔件23。在图26所示的另一实施例中,则只用一个单件的中央隔件。确切地说,图26的体内整合装置120包括有一对如前所述的横向隔件21。但此装置120替代一后向与一前向隔件而包括一个居中的单件中央隔件122,它由一具有一个跨置在两个横向隔件之间的体部123和形成在此体部123的两相对端上的细长鸠尾臂124构成。每个鸠尾臂124构造制成可滑动地纳置于横向隔件的联锁槽34内。每个臂124包括一个后向部125,其构型制成能接触上横向隔件的端臂35(见图6)。此种臂还包括一个前向部126,使紧固螺钉24能相对于它起作用以将装配好的整合装置保持到一起。
居中的中央隔件122的体部123包括一个界定于其中的贯穿导孔128,它如以上所述用来导引相应螺钉插入两横向隔件21之间的中央隔件122内。将此整合装置120按类似于前述装置20的方式组装,例外的是只插入一个中央隔件。最好是在插入居中的中央隔件122之前和之后将骨移植料放置到相分开的两个横向隔件之间,以完成对由体内整合装置120所限定的空腔进行充填。另外,中央隔件122也可以构造成使体部123例如图25所示,位于横向隔件21的前向或后向面上。当取上述形式的结构时,此隔件的臂124将不包括有前向部125与后向部126,而只包括一个延伸部,此延伸部从前向面至端壁35横贯联锁通道34的整个长度。
在本发明的又一个实施例中,一整合装置130包括一对改型的横向隔件132。这两个横向隔件不包括前述隔件的鸠尾式联锁槽34。但在隔件132的前向面上设有导孔134,以接纳一个用来将横向隔件132插入并分布到椎间盘内空间中的插入杆80(见图14)。此整合装置130包括一个骨移植物插件136,它的外形制成能纳置于在相分开的横向隔件132之间的椎间盘空间内。整合装置130是由环绕各部件的椎间盘环带的自然张力来保持其组装好的构型。另外,上述骨移植物插件136也可依中央隔件22与23的方式成型为包括鸠尾臂,以与横向隔件21的联锁槽34接合。
业已描述过,前述插入器械能通过一损伤最小的入口来实现逐件式地构制成组装好的体内整合装置。此种插入器械的又一实施例示明于图28,确切地说,它是一个分布器组件100。分布器组件100提供了一种装置,用来使这对横向隔件21在椎间盘空间内相分开,并在一定程度上可以用作前述手动的分布器杆80的替代物,同时仍然定位于相似的分布器杆之外。
具体地说,分布器组件100包括一对分布器棒101,它们的端部与分布器杆部102相接合。分布器杆部102的构型制成与杆80的端部类似,可用来置纳于横向隔件21的螺孔37内。设有两个分布器棒101R与101L,每一个远离分布器杆部102成钝角弯开。每个弯折的棒101R与101L的相对端安装在一相应的导向体103或104上。
安装于左导向体104上并从其上突出的是一导杆106,而安装于右导向体上的是一推进齿条108。推进齿条108穿过在左导向体104中所界定的一矩形孔延伸,使导向体104可在此齿条上滑动。导杆106的终端不与右导向体103接合,对于左导向体104朝右导向体103的相对运动起到一止动或限制的作用。推进齿条108包括一多个齿109,其构型制成齿条齿轮系的形式,与一小齿轮111的齿112相啮合。设有一个旋钮113用来转动小齿轮111使齿条108相对于导杆106推进。随着齿条108相对于杆106的运动,便将右导向体103(上面连接着齿条)从左导向体104(上面连接着导向杆)上推开。
在所示实施例中,小齿轮111围绕其整个周边上设有齿112,这就是说某些齿将与导杆106的无齿表面接触。或者,小齿轮111也可以只围绕其一部分周边设有齿。由于这对横向隔件21只需分开到足以引入两个中央隔件的程度即可,因而两分布器棒101R与101L之间,且同样在导向体103与104之间的相对行程便受到了限制。结果也限制了齿条108的行程量及相应地限制了小齿轮111的转动量。在此优选实施例中,小齿轮111的约半转便能实现两个横向分隔件21的所需分开的程度,从而上述齿112只需在整个齿轮上布展到约一半即可。
一旦合适地操纵此齿条齿轮系来分开两个横向隔件21,就能用导向杆85将后向中央隔件22引入。两个分布器棒101中的弯折提供了可在这两个棒之间操纵中央分隔件22与导向杆85的空间。前向中央隔件23可按相似的方式组装上,这以后便从手术位置撤出分布器组件100。
尽管上面已通过附图与描述详细阐明了本发明,但应把它们视作为解释性的而不是对其特征作限制,应理解上面只是示明和描述了优选实施例,而在本发明的精神内的种种变化与改动形式是要求受到保护的。
Claims (18)
1.一种体内整合装置,其构型制成能用来引入两脊椎骨之间的椎间盘内空间,此装置包括:
一对横向隔件,它们每个都具有相对的端板表面,该表面可在所述横向隔件处于椎间盘内空间中时与相邻脊椎骨的每一个接触,且每个隔件有一个侧面,其中界定有一个槽,以及
一第一中央隔件,它具有两个相对的表面,该表面定向成当所述第一中央隔件位于椎间盘内空间中时朝向各个相邻的脊椎骨;且还具有两个相对的端部,每个所述相对的端部的构型制成可使其能滑动地置纳于相应的一个所述横向隔件的所述槽中,
其中所述对横向隔件与所述第一中央隔件所取的尺寸可以单个地引入椎间盘内空间中,使所述第一中央隔件的所述相对端接合到所述相应的一个所述横向隔件的槽内,而组装于此椎间盘内空间中。
2.如权利要求1所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,所述对横向隔件中每一个的端板表面与所述第一中央隔件的相对表面各界定出一个显著小于椎间盘内空间的面积的面积。
3.如权利要求1所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,所述第一中央隔件延展到一个在所述两相对端部之间的长度,所述长度设定成,当所述第一中央隔件与所述对横向隔件的每一个装配好时,使横向隔件与椎间盘环带相邻。
4.如权利要求1所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,此装置还包括有:
一个细长的第二中央隔件,它具有朝向各个相邻脊椎骨设置的两个第二相对表面,以及两个第二相对端部,后者的构造制成可滑动地纳置于相应的一个横向隔件的槽内,以及
其中当所述第二中央隔件同所述横向隔件与所述第一中央隔件在椎间盘内空间组装到一起时,由所述横向隔件、第一与第二中央隔件的各个的侧面界定出一个空腔,此空腔的尺寸确定成可用来将骨移植物引入到此空腔中。
5.如权利要求4所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于:
所述各个横向隔件中的槽有一定的槽长度;
所述第一中央隔件有确定在各个所述相对端部上的一第一对臂,此第一对臂的构造制成可滑动地置纳于相应的一个所述横向隔件中的所述槽内,以沿所述槽长的一第一部分延伸;
所述第二中央隔件有一确定在各个所述第二相对端部上的第二对臂,所述第二对臂的构造制成可滑动地置纳于相应的一个所述横向隔件中的所述槽内,以沿所述槽长的其余部分延伸;以及
所述第一对臂中的每个与相应的一个所述横向隔件中所述槽内的所述第二对臂中对应的一个相接触,以在所述第一与第二中央隔件间保持一预定的间距,由此界定出所述空腔。
6.如权利要求5所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,所述各横向隔件中的所述槽在所述槽长的一端有一端壁,而在所述槽长的相对端有一孔口,用来引入所述第一与第二中央隔件的相应的第一与第二臂;以及
所述整合装置还包括有设在所述槽长相对端上的紧固装置,用来将所述相应的第一与第二臂紧固到一相应的槽内,所述紧固装置抵靠着所述第二中央隔件,而使所述第二对臂相对于所述第一对臂紧固并使所述第一对臂相对于所述相应槽的所述端壁紧固。
7.如权利要求6所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,
所述各个横向隔件在所述槽的附近界定出一个螺纹孔,以及
所述紧固装置包括一螺纹紧固件,它的一端有一个大的头部,用来在所述紧固件旋拧入所述螺纹孔内时与所述第一中央隔件结合。
8.如权利要求5所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于:所述各横向隔件中的所述槽和所述第一与第二对臂中的每一个所取的构型可联锁接合到一起,以防止相应的臂从相应的槽中沿不同于所述槽长方向的其它方向撤出。
9.如权利要求8所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,所述各横向隔件内的所述槽是一鸠尾式槽,而所述第一与第二对臂中的每一个取一鸠尾构型。
10.如权利要求1所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,
所述各横向隔件的所述槽有一定的槽长;和
所述第一中央隔件在所述各相对端部上有一细长的臂,每个所述臂均构造成可滑动地置纳于所述槽内,且每个臂所具有的长度基本上等于所述槽长。
11.如权利要求10所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,所述第一中央隔件的各相对端的所述细长臂包括有一个设置在所述中央隔件与所述槽的一端之间的后向部,以及一个设置在所述中央隔件与所述槽的相对端之间的一个前向部。
12.如权利要求10所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,
所述各横向隔件中的所述槽在所述槽长的一端有一端壁,而在所述槽长的相对端有一孔口用来引入所述第一中央隔件的相对端部上的相应臂;和
所述整合装置还包括有在所述槽长的所述相对端部处的紧固装置,而此紧固装置抵贴住所述第一中央隔件,用来使所述相应臂相对于所述相应的槽的所述端壁紧固住。
13.如权利要求12所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,
所述各横向隔件限定出一个与所述槽相邻的螺纹孔;和
所述紧固装置包括一螺纹紧固件,它在一端有一个扩大的头部,用来在所述紧固件旋拧到上述螺纹孔内时与所述第一中央隔件结合。
14.如权利要求10所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,
所述各横向隔件中的所述槽和所述第一中央隔件的相对端处的所述臂均构造成可联锁结合在一起,以防止相应的臂从相应的槽中沿不同于所述槽长方向的其它方向撤出。
15.如权利要求14所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,所述各横向隔件内的所述槽是一鸠尾式槽,而在所述第一中央隔件的各相对端处的所述臂取鸠尾构型。
16.如权利要求1所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,
所述各横向隔件在其中于所述槽的附近限定出一个孔;和
所述整合装置包括有用来使所述横向隔件在椎间盘内空间中分布隔离开的装置,所述分布装置包括一对分布器杆,所述对横向隔件的每一个有一个,其尺寸设定成能以可撤出的方式置纳于所述横向隔件的所述孔内,而当置纳于设置在椎间盘内空间中的所述横向隔件的所述孔内时则伸延到病人的体外,由此可从病人体外操纵所述对分布器杆,以将所述对横向隔件在椎间盘内空间中移分开。
17.如权利要求16所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,所述分布装置包括一个啮合在所述对分布器杆之间的齿条齿轮组件,使得所述齿轮沿所述齿条转动时能使所述对分布器杆移分开。
18.如权利要求1所述的体内整合装置,其特征在于,
所述第一中央隔件界定出一个通孔,所述通孔的轴线当所述第一中央隔件设置在椎间盘内空间中时朝一个相邻的脊椎骨构成角度;和
所述整合装置还包括一个骨螺钉,其大小设定成可通过所述中央隔件的所述孔引入以与相邻的脊椎骨接合,由此将所述第一中央隔件固定到此脊椎骨上。
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1993
- 1993-10-12 US US08/134,049 patent/US5397364A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-09-30 AU AU79217/94A patent/AU680309B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-30 CN CN94194428A patent/CN1137232A/zh active Pending
- 1994-09-30 WO PCT/US1994/011003 patent/WO1995010248A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-09-30 CA CA002172638A patent/CA2172638A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-30 JP JP7511847A patent/JPH09503416A/ja active Pending
- 1994-09-30 EP EP94929926A patent/EP0725607A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-09-30 KR KR1019960701853A patent/KR960704496A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-10-07 TW TW083109311A patent/TW349009B/zh active
- 1994-10-12 ZA ZA947959A patent/ZA947959B/xx unknown
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CN100400014C (zh) * | 2002-02-19 | 2008-07-09 | 斯恩蒂斯有限公司 | 椎间植入体 |
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AU680309B2 (en) | 1997-07-24 |
AU7921794A (en) | 1995-05-04 |
EP0725607A4 (en) | 1998-01-14 |
JPH09503416A (ja) | 1997-04-08 |
ZA947959B (en) | 1995-05-22 |
US5397364A (en) | 1995-03-14 |
WO1995010248A1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
KR960704496A (ko) | 1996-10-09 |
TW349009B (en) | 1999-01-01 |
CA2172638A1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
EP0725607A1 (en) | 1996-08-14 |
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