CN1138193C - 在处理系统用于确认来自现场装置的控制信号的装置 - Google Patents

在处理系统用于确认来自现场装置的控制信号的装置 Download PDF

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CN1138193C
CN1138193C CNB971811717A CN97181171A CN1138193C CN 1138193 C CN1138193 C CN 1138193C CN B971811717 A CNB971811717 A CN B971811717A CN 97181171 A CN97181171 A CN 97181171A CN 1138193 C CN1138193 C CN 1138193C
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埃夫伦·埃尔于雷克
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
    • G05B13/0265—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric the criterion being a learning criterion
    • G05B13/0285—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric the criterion being a learning criterion using neural networks and fuzzy logic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
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    • G05B2219/25—Pc structure of the system
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    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Abstract

一种过程控制系统(2)中的装置(40)包含一个存储器(48)，用于存储一系列检测过程变量和代表所了解的处理周期特征的指令输出。比较电路(80)把最新的过程信息与存储器(48)中存储的所了解过程信息相比较并响应地提供有效输出信号。一种方法包括了解处理的周期以提供所了解过程信息，该所了解过程信息包括在整个时间期间存储的过程变量和存储的控制信号；测量处理中的过程变量并响应地计算控制输出；存储控制输出中的过程变量以提供最新过程信息；和把最新过程信息与所了解过程信息相比较并响应地提供确认输出信号。

Description

在处理系统用于确认来自现场装置的控制信号的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及连接到用于工业中的过程控制环路的装置。特别是，本发明涉及确认来自现场装置的控制信号。
背景技术
过程控制环路在工业中用于过程的控制操作，例如在炼油厂中使用。发射机通常是该环路的部分并位于现场，用于测量和向控制室装置发送过程变量，例如压力、流量或温度。控制器，例如阀门控制器，也是过程控制环路的部分，并根据在整个控制环路接收或内部生成的控制信号控制阀门的位置。其它控制器控制，例如，电动机或螺线管。控制室设备也是过程控制环路的部分，以便控制室中的操作器或计算机能够根据从发射机接收的过程变量监视该过程和能够通过向适当的控制装置发送控制信号来响应地控制该过程。可以是控制环路的一部分的另一个处理装置是能够监视和发射过程控制环路上的过程信号的便携式通信机。这些装置通常用来构成形成环路的装置。
最好在过程控制系统中确认过程信号从而提高整个环路的可靠性。通常，现有技术仅局限于简单的确认技术，例如监视控制信号和在控制信号超出预定的限度时发出警报或提供安全关闭。另一种现有技术是使用相同或不同控制算法生成冗余控制信号并比较这两种控制信号。如果控制信号与冗余信号不同，则使该控制信号无效。
美国专利第5386373号示出一种连续输入监控系统，其中包括一检测器确认系统22。德国专利第DE 195 02 499 A号中描述一种用于在传动器-传感器接口从动装置激活时进行控制以可以进行允许分散处理的系统。欧洲专利公开第EP 0 624 847 A号中描述一种用于根据把从属变量与独立变量相联系的数值对产生一个近似函数的系统。
发明内容
过程控制系统中的装置包含存储一系列检测过程变量的存储器和代表已知处理周期的指令输出。比较电路把最近的过程信息与存储器中存储的已知过程信息相比较并响应地提供有效输出信号。根据本发明一个方面的方法包括：了解处理的周期以提供所了解的过程信息，该所了解过程信息包括整个时间期间存储的过程变量和存储的控制信号；测量过程信息中的过程变量并响应地计算控制输出；存储控制输出中的过程变量以提供最近的过程信息；和把最新的过程信息与已知过程信息相比较并响应地提供有效输出信号。
附图说明
图1是显示包括发射机、控制器、手持通信装置和控制室的过程控制环路的简化图；
图2是本发明的处理装置的方框图；
图3是显示本发明步骤的方框图；
图4A示出了了解周期，图4B示出了两个过程变量和控制信号的操作周期。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了在过程控制系统中确认控制信号以控制过程变量的技术。过程变量通常是在过程中控制的主要变量。在这里，过程变量是指说明处理条件的任何变量，例如，压力、流量、温度、产品等级(productlevel)、pH值、混浊度、震动、位置、电机电流、过程的任何其它特征等。控制信号是指用来控制过程的任何信号(而不是过程变量)。例如，控制信号是指理想的过程变量数值(即，设定值)，例如理想的温度、压力、流量、产品等级(product level)、pH值或混浊度等，它们被控制器调整或用来控制处理。此外，控制信号是指校准值、报警、报警条件、向控制元件提供的信号例如向阀门传动器提供的阀门位置信号、向加热元件提供的能量电平、线圈接通/断开信号等，或涉及过程控制的任何信号。处理装置包含部分形成或连接过程控制环路并在处理的控制或监视中使用的任何装置。
图1是显示过程控制系统2的实例的示意图，该过程控制系统包含传送处理液体的处理管道4和传送环路电流I的二线过程控制环路6。发射机8、控制器11(连接环路的最终控制元件，例如传动器、阀门、泵、电动机或线圈)、通信装置12、个人计算机13和控制室14是过程控制环路6的所有部分。应该知道，环路6以一种结构示出，但可以使用任何适当的过程控制环路，例如4-20mA环路、2、3或4线环路、多站环路或根据HART、Fieldbus或其它数字或模拟通信协议操作的环路。在操作中，发射机8使用传感器16检测过程变量(例如，流量)，并把检测的过程变量通过环路6发送。过程变量可以由控制器/阀门传动器10、通信装置12、个人计算机13和/或控制室设备14接收。控制器10被显示为与阀门18连接，它能够通过调整阀门18控制处理从而改变管道中的流量。控制器10接收来自例如控制室14、发射机8、或通信装置12的整个环路上的控制输入，从而响应地调整阀门18。在另一个实施例中，控制器10根据在整个环路6上接收的过程信号在内生成控制信号。通信装置12可以是图1所示的便携式通信装置或者可以是监视处理和执行计算的固定安装的处理单元。另一种类型的处理装置是使用适当输入/输出电路连接环路的个人计算机、可编程逻辑单元(PLC)或其它计算机，以便允许在环路上监视、管理和/或发射。
图1所示的处理装置8、10、12、13或14中的任一个可以包含本发明的控制信号确认电路。图2是形成环路6的部分的处理装置40的方框图。所示的装置40可以包括处理装置8-14中的任一个。在一个优选实施例中，装置40包括个人计算机13。控制室设备14可以包括，例如，用PLC实现的DCS(数据采集)系统，控制器10也可以包括“小型的”电动机和泵。处理装置40包含在终端44连接环路6的输入/输出电路42。输入/输出电路具有便于与装置40适当通信的已知的输入和输出阻抗。装置40包含与输入/输出电路42连接的微处理器46、与微处理器46连接的存储器48和与微处理器46连接的时钟50。微处理器46接收过程信号输入52。输入52用来起过程信号输入的作用；正如以上所述的那样，过程信号可以是过程变量或控制信号并且可以使用输入/输出电路从环路6中接收或者可以在现场装置40内部生成。现场装置40用检测输入信道54和控制信道56显示。在许多实例中，发射机(例如，发射机8)将专门包括检测输入信道54，而控制器(例如，控制器10)将专门包含控制信道56。环路6的其它装置，例如通信装置12和控制室设备14可以不包含信道54和56。应当知道，在适当的时候，装置40可以含有多条信道以监视多个过程变量和/或控制多个控制元件。
检测器输入信道54包含检测器16，检测过程变量和向放大器58提供检测器输出，所述的放大器58具有由模数转换器60进行数字化的输出。信道54通常在发射机8那样的发射机中使用。补偿电路62补偿数字化信号并向微处理器46提供数字化的过程变量信号。
例如，当处理装置40作为控制器(如控制器8)操作时，装置40包含具有控制元件18(例如，阀门)的控制信道。控制元件18经数模转换器64、放大器66和传动器68与微处理器46连接。数模转换器64对经放大器66放大的微处理器46的指令输出进行数字化处理。传动器68根据放大器66的输出控制控制元件18。在一个实施例中，传动器18与环路6直接连接，并根据流经环路6的电流I控制增压空气源(未示出)使控制元件18定位。
在一个实施例中，输入/输出电路42使用从环路6接收的电源提供电源输出，该电源输出用来完全为处理装置40中所有电路供电。通常，现场装置，例如发射机8或控制器10从环路6供电，而通信装置12或控制室14具有分离的电源。如上所述，过程信号输入52向微处理器46提供过程信号。该过程信号可以是来自检测器16的过程变量、供给控制元件18的控制输出、或控制信号、过程变量或在整个环路6接收的关闭信号、或由某些其它装置例如另一个输入/输出信道接收或生成的过程信号。
用户输入/输出电路76也与微处理器46连接，并提供装置40与用户间的通信。用户输入/输出电路76包括：例如，用于输出的显示器和用于输入的键盘。通常，通信装置12和控制室14包含允许用户监视和输入过程信号，例如过程变量、控制信号(设定值、校准值、报警、报警条件等)的输入/输出电路76。用户也可以在通信装置12或控制室14中使用电路76，以在整个环路6上发送和接收发射机8与控制器6之间的这种过程信号。此外，这种电路能够在发射机8、控制器10或其它处理装置40中直接实施。
微处理器46根据存储器48存储的指令进行操作，并在某些实施例中提供检测器补偿功能80和/或控制功能82。此外，根据本发明，微处理器46提供控制信号确认功能84。待确认的指令信号可以被接收，例如，通过到上述微处理器46的各种输入的任一个来接收。
图3是由图2所示的微处理器46根据存储器48存储的指令执行的本发明的指令确认功能的简化方框图80。该功能在可重复处理周期82的期间被启动并进入过程了解周期84。过程了解周期84包含获得过程信号期间的模块86和在存储器48中存储过程信号期间的模块88。可以获得并在存储器48中存储一个以上的处理模式。周期48可以在过程控制环路的启动期间或在生产过程(例如，在环路操作的时候)期间执行。然后控制转到获得控制信号的模块90，并在模块92上把该控制信号存储在存储器48中。在模块94，获得过程信号和控制信号的当前值。模块96是比较功能，把了解周期48期间获得的处理周期与当前过程信号和当前控制信号比较。如果当前控制信号在基于所了解处理周期确定的边界之内，则控制返回到模块82。另一方面，如果控制信号超过预定边界，则控制转到模块98并启动误差条件。在这里，误差条件也被认为是微处理器46生成的有效信号。该有效信号可以触发经环路6发信号的误差事件或启动紧急切断这样的特定条件。此外，控制可选择地转到模块100，在其中另一个控制器用来生成控制信号并实时控制该过程。
图4A和4B示出了控制信号C和两个过程变量信号PV1和PV2，每个绘制的曲线随时间变化，以便说明图3的方框图的操作情况。PV1和PV2可以是控制系统中可得到的过程变量的任一个。图4A示出了了解周期84期间的处理周期，在了解周期84中监视过程变量PV1和PV2以及控制信号C并将其存储在存储器48中。在该实例中，处理周期被分成几个阶段，即阶段1和阶段2。对于每个阶段，与两个过程变量有关的信息被收集和存储，这样它将能够在处理正在操作的阶段依次识别。例如，对于每个阶段，这种信息将是可以与控制信号C变化的最小值、最大值和比值同时存储的PV1和PV2变化值的最小值、最大值和比值。如果有足够的存储器，则可以存储整个阶段的数据点。
图4B示出了在了解周期之后的处理周期，在该了解周期中在控制信号C经历错误，并且示出在图3中比较模块的操作情况。首先监视PV1和PV2，以确定在当前工作的周期，例如，在阶段1或在阶段2。然后，例如使用基于规则的系统，如果控制信号和该控制信号改变的比值在(所了解的)存储值的预定百分比之外，则生成误差。这种情况在图4B的阶段2中示出，在这里控制信号C超出了预定百分比(阈值)。例如，在起动期间设置并在存储器48中存储预定百分比。微处理器48生成图3中模块98所示的有效信号误差条件。
本发明的了解周期可以在单个处理周期的期间出现或者可以基于若干周期的惯例。此外，在后续处理周期期间可以选择性地更新所了解数值。比较功能可以用适当的技术实现，这些技术包括模糊逻辑算法、神经网络、回归算法、基于系统的其它更复杂的规则等。不同处理的模型，包括用于规则设置的阈值，在若干处理周期期间可以由用户存储在存储器48中和选择以及随意最佳化。
尽管已经参照优选实施例说明了本发明，但本领域技术人员将会明白：在不背离本发明精神和范围的条件下可以在形式和细节方面作出改变。例如，这里所述的所有不同功能和电路可以在含有软件、ASIC(特定用途集成电路)、模糊逻辑技术、或均匀模拟装置的电路中实施。此外，处理装置可以包含输入和控制信道的任何数量或组合，并且可以根据任何数量的过程信号(单独或它们的组合)进行操作。

Claims (15)

1.一种在一过程中确认来自现场装置的控制输出的方法，其特征在于，所述的方法包括：
了解处理的周期以提供所了解的过程信息，该了解的过程信息包括在整个特定时期存储的过程变量和存储的控制输出；
测量处理中的当前过程变量和计算作为当前过程变量的函数的用于该处理的当前控制输出，以提供当前过程信息；以及
在确认电路中把当前过程信息与所了解的过程信息相比较和提供确认信号，该确认信号表示当前控制输出已经超过从所了解的过程信息推导的预定边界。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，该步骤在该现场装置中执行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的过程变量在第一位置测量，并且该控制输出在第二位置计算，以及该比较在第二位置执行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一位置测量的过程变量，在第二位置计算的控制输出，以及第三位置执行比较。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，该所了解的过程信息以模糊逻辑算法模拟。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，该所了解的过程信息由神经网络模拟。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所了解的过程信息由回归算法模拟。
8.一种用于过程控制工业中的二线装置，其特征在于，包括：
接收过程变量的过程变量输入端；
控制电路，用于计算作为检测过程变量和设定值的函数的控制输出；
存储器，用于存储一系列检测过程变量和代表所了解处理周期特征的指令输出；
输出电路，用于把控制输出编排成二线格式；和
确认电路，把所了解的处理周期与所述的检测过程变量和指令输出相比较，以便相应地提供代表控制系统的状态的确认信号，该确认信号表示当前控制输出已经超过从所了解的过程信息推导出的预定边界。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，其中包含补偿过程变量的补偿电路。
10.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所了解的处理周期以模糊逻辑算法模拟。
11.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所了解的处理周期由神经网络模拟。
12.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所了解的过程信息由回归算法模拟。
13.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所了解的过程变量输入端包括用于检测过程变量的检测器。
14.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的装置完全经二线环路供电。
15.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的装置包括发射机。
CNB971811717A 1996-12-31 1997-12-29 在处理系统用于确认来自现场装置的控制信号的装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1138193C (zh)

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CA2276299A1 (en) 1998-07-09
EP0948759B1 (en) 2002-08-07
DE69714606D1 (de) 2002-09-12
EP0948759A1 (en) 1999-10-13
JP2001507834A (ja) 2001-06-12
CN1242845A (zh) 2000-01-26
US6047220A (en) 2000-04-04
DE69714606T9 (de) 2004-09-09
JP4643771B2 (ja) 2011-03-02
WO1998029785A1 (en) 1998-07-09

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