CN1150497C - 强化安全性的标识牌 - Google Patents

强化安全性的标识牌 Download PDF

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CN1150497C
CN1150497C CNB988140659A CN98814065A CN1150497C CN 1150497 C CN1150497 C CN 1150497C CN B988140659 A CNB988140659 A CN B988140659A CN 98814065 A CN98814065 A CN 98814065A CN 1150497 C CN1150497 C CN 1150497C
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radio
antenna
magnetic response
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CN1294727A (zh
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Ed
E·D·戈夫
G·L·卡雷尔
ά
C·普洛特罗维斯基
�����ɵ�
R·赛纳蒂
蔡庆隆
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3M Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2405—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used
    • G08B13/2408—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using ferromagnetic tags
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2405—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used
    • G08B13/2414—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using inductive tags
    • G08B13/2417—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using inductive tags having a radio frequency identification chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2428—Tag details
    • G08B13/2431—Tag circuit details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2428—Tag details
    • G08B13/2437—Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
    • G08B13/2445—Tag integrated into item to be protected, e.g. source tagging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2465—Aspects related to the EAS system, e.g. system components other than tags
    • G08B13/2485—Simultaneous detection of multiple EAS tags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole

Abstract

揭示一种组合标牌，该标牌包含磁响应单元和射频响应单元。在一实施例中，该磁响应单元还起射频响应单元天线的作用。

Description

强化安全性的标识牌
技术领域
本发明涉及一种标识牌，用于配合检测器识别并监视诸如图书馆资料、消费品等物体。
背景技术
电子物件监视(EAS)系统检测物件所放置或关注人物所携带小电子装置的出现，常用于零售或图书馆环境中监测偷窃或非法移动物件。这些装置通常称为标牌或标签，以往仅包含有关项目出现的信息。可通过以电子方式间断或连续询问标牌，获得此信息。几年来，根据此询问方法，至少已经展四种不同的EAS系统：磁式，磁力机械式，射频式，微波式。这四种中，磁式系统在多数应用中提供最高的安全性。磁式标牌容易藏于物体，不易受挫(因为不易受遮档、弯曲和压力的影响)，并且去激活和再激活方便，从而提供高度安全和有关带牌物件状态的一些信息。
许多EAS系统用户希望不仅仅知道带牌物体是否出现。他们还要知道例如出现哪种带牌物体。一般通过光条形码将制造日期、库存状况和物主之类有关物体特性的详细信息传给自动处理和控制系统。尽管这样开销不大且有效，但光条形码系统具有某些局限性。光条形码必须可见，这使其放置位置受到限制。条形码还容易被有意或无意弄得模糊。检测器能检测条形码的范围也比较小。条形码还必须适当定位以便检测。再者，条形码常暴露以便能检测，因而容易损坏，会造成检测故障。而且，多个项目必须每次处理一个。这些约束使条形码系统对诸如图书资料带标签之类的一些应用不理想或无效。
最近，针对光条形码上述局限，已开发电子标识(也称为射频标识或RFID)技术。RFID系统在提供物体识别和跟踪方面取得成功，但多数RFID系统工作于标牌容易失效的频段(～1MHz以上)，因而在提供物体安全性方面不足。产生射频标牌安全性不足的原因在于通过例如用手或铝箔覆盖标牌，或者将其放在书内，就能“遮档”该标牌。尽管电池供电的射频标牌性能优越较难受阻，这时也会阻断。因此，采用RFID标牌的带牌物体会有意或无意而漏检。这极大降低其作为安全性装置的有效性。RFID标签还涉及“智能卡”。在商业应用中，已出现接触式和非接触式智能卡。智能卡通常涉及专人而非带标牌物体。有关智能卡或其携带者跟踪和安全的问题与上面对RFID标签讨论的相同。
RFID标签的安全性问题与射频和微波EAS标牌领域技术人员熟知的相同。已作了大量努力试图补救射频和微波EAS标牌的缺陷。然而，作为安全标牌其性能无实质性改善。题为“带去激活线圈的双频EAS标牌”的5517195号美国专利(Narlow等人)阐述一种双频微波EAS标牌，其中包括具有二极管的天线电路、去激活电路。该去激活电路通过在天线电路二极管上感应电压，对低能量交变磁场作出响应，使二极管和天线不能工作，从而使标牌去激活。虽然有助于一些应用，但Narlow等人揭示的基于电容的标识牌其电池会随时间漏电，造成标牌无意激活。
4745401号美国专利(Montean等人)所揭示的那种射频EAS标牌包含磁单元。该单元由辅助装置适当磁化时，改变标牌的调谐，从而阻断标牌对射频的响应。虽然这些标牌某种程度上实用，但仍未解决强化安全性和识别的问题。
许多公司已开发射频标识技术，这些公司包括摩托罗拉/印达拉公司(见5378880号和5565846号美国专利)、得克萨斯仪器公司(见5347280号和5541604号美国专利)、麦克隆/菲利浦半导体公司、单片系统公司(见4442507号、4796074号、5095362号、5296722号和5407851号美国专利)、CSIR公司(见0494114A2号、0585132A1号、0598624A1号和0615285A2号欧洲专利)、IBM公司(见5528222号、5550547号、5521601号和5682143号美国专利)和Sensormatic电子设备公司(见5625341号美国专利)。这些标牌都试图提供无需电池的遥控标识，工作于从125KHz到2.45GHz范围的频率。低频标牌(～125KHz)可适度抗遮档，但射频功能由于频宽约束而有限。具体而言，基于这些标签的系统一般仅在每次一个标牌处于询问区时工作才可靠。这些系统还往往比较大且造价昂贵。在较高频率(通常为13.56MHz、915MHz和2.45GHz)，附加的可用频宽使得能开发可在短时间可靠地处理询问区中多个标牌的系统。许多产品应用很希望这样。此外，有些标牌设计有希望使造价较便宜，因而对客户有较大的吸引力。然而，这些高频装置也和前面讨论的一样，都有不同程度的对遮档的敏感性。因此，也不能提供诸如图书馆等某些应用中所需的高度安全性。
于是，希望提供一种价廉且安全的标牌，可用于例如航运行李、短途旅行包裹和图书馆书籍，提供物体标识、跟踪和保安。
发明内容
本发明提供一种组合标牌，它包含：(a)磁响应可检测保安单元；(b)含有集成电路的射频响应单元；其中所述射频响应单元与所述磁响应单元电耦合，并将所述磁响应单元用作天线的至少一部分；所述磁响应单元包含低矫顽力、高磁导率的铁磁材料，并提供良好导电性；所述集成电路包括软件和电路，以永久存储信息，解释且处理命令，对请求的信息作出应答，并提供基本的组合标牌标识。该组合标牌消除或使上述各种传统标牌的缺点减至最低。通过在一个组合标牌提供两种单元，可实现各单元的特点并克服各单元的缺点。在一实施例中，磁响应单元通过实际连接射频响应单元，或与该单元电耦合但不实际连接，起射频响应单元的天线的作用。在一实施例中，所述磁响应单元对50Hz至100KHz范围的所施加询问信号作出响应，所述射频响应单元对125KHz至6GHz范围的所施加询问信号作出响应。
本发明提供一种包含组合标牌的系统，该组合标牌包含：(a)磁响应可检测保安单元；(b)含有集成电路的射频响应单元；其中所述射频响应单元与所述磁响应单元电耦合，并将所述磁响应单元用作天线的至少一部分；所述磁响应单元包含低矫顽力、高磁导率的铁磁材料，并提供良好导电性；所述集成电路包括软件和电路，以永久存储信息，解释且处理命令，对请求的信息作出应答，并提供基本的组合标牌标识；该系统还包含询问磁响应单元的询问源，以及询问射频响应单元的询问源。
附图说明
参照附图较详细阐述本发明。附图中用相同的标号代表相同的结构。
图1A和图1B为射频标识牌示意图。
图2为射频标识牌第2实施例示意图。
图3为本发明的组合标牌的俯视示意图。
图4为与RFID标牌交互作用的RFID询问系统的方框图。
图5、6、7和8为本发明组合标牌说明图。
具体实施方式
本发明的标牌在一个装置中体现物体标识和有效保安。该装置包括对磁询问信号作出响应的单元和对射频询问信号作出响应的单元。一实施例中，磁响应单元还为射频响应单元提供天线。在本发明的上下文关系中，“响应”一词的含义是遇到适当询问区时，上述单元提供可懂信息。下文首先阐述各个单元，接着说明本发明的组合标牌。
I.磁响应单元
本发明的磁响应单元最好用低矫顽力、高磁导率的铁磁材料做成，该材料诸如明尼苏达州的3M公司(Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company)以商标“TATTLETAPETM”出售的磁条所用的材料。在包括5331313号(发明人Koning)和3747086号(发明人Peterson)美国专利等若干转让给3M公司的专利中，阐述这些磁条或标签组件。典型的低矫顽力、高磁导率的铁磁材料包括坡莫合金(一种镍、铁合金)和高性能非晶态金属，诸如可从钮约莫里斯城Allied Signal公司购得的牌号为Metglas 2705M和Metglas 2714A的材料。
磁响应单元依据其所涉及物件的特性，可为单态或双态。例如，图书馆的某些参考书不应拿出图书馆，因而单态(非可去激活)标签总指明该类图书是否在询问区中通过。诸如公用图书馆资料或商品之类的其他物件会需要双态标签组件，以便已适当处理该物件时，可使标签适当去激活，避免询问源进行检测。如下文和上面所引用Peterson专利所述，一般通过在低矫顽力磁材料附近增加高矫顽力磁材料部分，提供双态功能。
某些磁响应单元具有通过低频交变磁场(例如50Hz至100KHz)时，快速切换磁性取向，并产生检测器中接收线圈可检测的预定特性响应的能力。由高矫顽力单元(或“夹持单元”)的磁化状态控制标签组件的切换功能。当这些夹持单元磁化时，标签在询问区交变磁场内磁性来回切换的能力发生变化，并且通常不检测标签。当这些夹持单元去磁化时，标签可再次执行切换功能，使询问源能检测标签的出现。如本技术领域所公知，可用不同方法提供夹持单元。
标签组件可在其一面或两面含有粘贴剂，使标签能贴到书本或其他物件。可用能去除的衬垫覆盖粘贴层，以免标签用于所希望表面前贴到不希望的表面。在3790945号(发明人Fearon)、5083112号(发明人Piotrowski)和5331313号(发明人Koning)美国专利中阐述标签的这些和其他特性。
由于这种低频磁单元检测不易受遮档，可有效用于各种安全性重要时的项目。此外，这种磁单元比利用其他EAS技术的标签可更方便、完全、重复地进行去激活和再激活，因而更适合于某些很需要这种特性的应用(诸如图书馆)。
II.射频响应单元
RFID标牌可为有源或无源。有源标牌将附加能源(诸如电池)合并到标牌结构中。此能源使有源RFID标牌即使在询问射频场弱的区域也能产生并发送强响应信号，因而能在较大范围检测有源RFID标牌。然而，电池使用寿命较短，使标牌的使用寿命受到限制。此外，电池还增加标牌的体积和费用。无源标牌从询问射频场导出标牌供电所需能量，并调制天线对询问场呈现的阻抗，从而调制读出方天线反射回来的信号，由此，利用该能量发送响应码。因此，这类标牌检测范围有限。无源标牌对许多应用较佳，后面的讨论限于此类标牌。然而，本领域的技术人员会认识到这两种标牌许多特性共同，都能配合本发明使用。
如图1所示，无源射频响应单元10通常包含2个组成部分：集成电路12和天线14。集成电路提供基本的标识功能。该部分包括软件和电路系统，用于永久存储标牌的标识和其他希望的信息，解释且处理从询问硬件收到的命令，对寻问器请求的信息做出应答，并协助硬件解决多个标牌同时对询问作出响应造成的冲突。相对于仅读出信息(只读)，集成电路可任选提供对其存储器所存储信息进行更新(读/写)。适合用于RFID标签的集成电路有许多，其中包括得克萨斯仪器公司(TIRIS系列产品)、菲利普公司(Mifare和Hitag系列产品)、摩托罗拉/印达拉和单片系统公司可提供的产品。
天线的几何形状和性能取决于标牌RFID部分所希望的工作频率。例如，2.45GHz(或同类)RFID标牌通常包含偶极天线，诸如图1A所示的直线偶极天线，或图1B射频响应单元10a所装的折叠偶极天线14a。13.56MHz(或同类)RFID标牌则采用螺旋(或盘卷)天线14b，如图2中所示装于射频响应单元10b的天线。在各种情况下，天线14均截取询问源辐射的射频能量。此信号能量携带给标牌的电力和命令。该天线使射频响应单元能吸收足以对集成电路片供电的能量，从而提供要检测的响应。因此，天线的特性必须与装入该天线的系统匹配。在标牌工作于兆赫至千兆赫范围高端的情况下，最重要的特性是天线长度。通常选择偶极天线的有效长度，因而其接近询问信号的一个半波长或多个半波长。在标牌工作于兆赫区域(例如1356MHz)的低端或中段的情况下，半波长天线由于尺寸受限制不能实现，重要的特性是天线电感和天线的圈数。上述两种天线，都要求导电性良好。通常可采用铜或铝之类的金属，但包括诸如坡莫合金等磁性金属的其他导体也可以，而且实际上更适合本发明的目的。为了能量传递最大，所选集成电路片的输入阻抗与天线的阻抗匹配也很重要。本领域的技术人员例如从J.D.Kraus所著《天线》(第2版，纽约McGrawHill公司1988年出版)之类的参考文本会了解天线的另外信息。
如图2所示，往往包含电容器16以提高标签的性能。有电容器16时，该电容器将标牌的工作频率调谐到一特定值。为了得到最大工作范围并确保符合管理要求，希望这样。该电容器可为分立元件，也可集成到天线中，下文将说明。有些标牌设计中，将标牌特别设计成工作于诸如2.45GHz的很高频率，则不需要调谐电容器。选择该电容器，使与天线提供的电感耦合时，下式所示该组合结构的谐振频率与RFID系统所希望的工作频率准确匹配。
fr = ( 1 2 π ) 1 LC
式中，C＝电容(法拉)
      L＝电感(亨利)
如4598276号(Tait等人)和4578654号(Tait等人)美国专利(此两专利已转让给3M公司)所述，此电容器也可为分布电容器。希望是分布电容，以减小标牌体积，尤其是厚度，并使人工装配减到最少。
操作时，如图4所示，通常由位于标牌监视点附近的EAS保安系统100询问射频响应标记110。可通过将分开的检测板对放在带标牌物件所在室出口处两面，靠近携带要监视物品等的传送带处建立询问区。可使用手持检测装置。将询问源120(通常包含驱动振荡器和放大器)耦合到天线104(有时说成场线圈)，以便在询问区发送交变射频场或询问信号。系统100也包含接收信号的天线(表示为天线104，有时说成接收线圈)和处理询问区中标牌所产生信号的检测器106。
询问源102发送询问信号200，该信号可在某些较佳已知频段中选择，较佳的原因在于这些频段不干扰其他应用，符合适用的政府管理条例。射频响应单元收到询问信号时，发送由天线104接收的本身响应码信号202，该信号又由天线104传送给检测器106。此检测器将响应码信号译码，对标牌进行识别(通常根据计算机或其他存储装置108存储的信息)，并根据检测的码信号采取行动。本领域的技术人员了解所示系统可作各种修改，包括例如在所示单一天线104处，询问源102和检测器106使用分开的天线。
III.组合标牌
如图3和图5到图8所示，本发明的组合标牌20将磁响应单元和射频响应单元组合，具有这两种单元的优点。这样，可将两个单元同时用于注意的物品，从而减少费用。可对组合标牌设置覆盖可揭开的衬垫的压敏粘贴剂，使组合标牌揭开衬垫就能粘贴到物件的表面。另一实施例中，标牌采用磁响应单元作为射频响应单元的天线。磁响应单元用作天线时，与射频响应单元电耦合，还可实际连接或不实际连接射频响应单元。
可用两种方法询问根据本发明制造的组合标牌。第1种方法，RFID询问源用射频信号提出要求，并从集成电路接收响应码。此信息会指明例如带标牌的物件的标识，以及是否已正确处理该物件。第2种方法，磁询问场询问标牌，以判决标签组件的磁部分是否有效。如果标签组件有效，询问源会产生响应，诸如通知带标签物件未正确处理。由于此询问比射频询问更能抗遮档，组合标牌的磁部分增强安全性。这样，就将磁标牌和RFID标牌的特性组合到一个组合标牌中。
在一较佳实施例中，组合标牌包含也在射频响应单元电路中起天线作用的磁响应单元。为了起两种作用，天线材料必须呈现低矫顽力和极高磁导率(用作有效保安单元)，并且展现中度到高度的导电性(起有效天线的作用)。此外，天线的几何形状必须符合上述两功能。此实施例中，天线可用例如坡莫合金(镍、铁合金)做成。
一实施例中，可采用3M公司“Tattle-TapeTM”牌号的保安磁条或其他等效磁部件作为工作在2.45GHz或类似高频的直线偶极天线。选择磁条的长度、宽度和厚度，以便与所用RFID芯片的特定工作频率和其他特性匹配。该磁条通常可用坡莫合金(可得货源包括宾夕法尼亚州雷丁市的“HyMu80”牌号的Carpenter特制合金)或诸如可从钮约莫里斯城Allied Signal公司购得的牌号为2705M之类的非晶态合金，其长度在6.35cm与16.5cm之间(2.5英寸与6.5英寸)。集成电路的端子与保安磁条的末端实际连接。建立阻抗和功率增益的电量度，使磁条具有与该芯片常用铜或铝偶极天线相同的基本电特性，从而有望充分执行两种功能。
当将磁响应单元用作射频响应单元天线的至少一个部分时，这两个单元相互电耦合。由于多个单元间的实际连接(如图5所示)，或者无实际连接但通过非接触电磁耦合(如图6所示)，会产生电耦合。非接触耦合可包括寄生耦合、电容耦合或电感耦合，可用这种天线部件作为寄生天线单元、反射导向天线、八木天线或其他适当的天线配置。
图3所示组合标牌包括磁材料做成的盘卷圈。此标牌可例如为具有14C那种天线结构的13.56MHz标牌，其角隅上设置磁通量收集器，改善标牌的磁功能。也可设置其他类型的磁通量收集器。
图5所示组合标牌20包含磁响应材料做成的天线22与集成电路12之间的物理连接。可将一个或多个夹持单元或者上述类型用于磁响应材料，以便使其可选择性地激活或去激活，从而提供双态标牌。然而，图6所示天线22a与集成电路12或偶极天线23不实际连接，但通过寄生偶极耦合仍与偶极天线电耦合，以提供组合标牌20a。偶极天线23可包含磁响应材料或非磁响应材料。
图7和图8说明提供一个以上天线22分别与天线23b、23c电耦合的实施例。图7所示组合标牌20b中，集成电路12包含与天线22b寄生耦合的偶极天线23b。天线22b用磁响应材料做成，天线23b也可用磁响应材料做成。图8所示，组合标牌20c中，图2所示类型的射频响应单元与天线22c寄生电耦合。天线22c用磁响应材料做成，天线23c也可用磁响应材料做成。不难设计这些
实施例的其他变形。
组合标记的总厚度应尽量小，使标牌能不显目放到物件上或藏到物件中。例如，可将标牌用于粘贴在书页之间，最好使标牌薄到足以避免看完书后容易觉察。普通集成电路约为0.5mm(0.02英寸)厚，标牌总厚度最好小于0.635mm(0.025英寸)。
本发明的组合标牌可按成卷的方法提供，使各个标牌能自动按顺序用于物件。在例如PCT公开号WO 97/36270(DeVale等人)的申请文本中阐述此通用系统。可从标牌卷取出在一个或多个表面覆盖粘贴剂(如压敏粘贴剂)的单个组合标牌贴到两书页间靠近装订处。可提供分页器帮助插入组合标牌，还可提供其他任选件，诸如检测系统中各元件位置的传感器。
相信本发明的组合标牌对图书馆资料处理虽然不是专用，但特别有用。具有这种RFID标牌的图书馆资料，多半不需要人员帮助，就能比较方便地进行归还登记和出借核对。即，读者证带有RFID标牌的某一读者通过适当检测区时，会对该读者进行自动核对，并在其携带资料又进入图书馆时进行归还登记。本发明的标牌还使图书馆管理人员能即时并连续跟踪资料，从而帮助管理、分析库存。当然，能使本发明的这些和其他特性涉及其他应用，诸如商店、仓库等的物资处理。
另一实施例中，本发明的组合标牌可通过磁响应(指示标牌的磁特性是否已经激活或去激活)和射频响应(通过使用适当的软件，指示数据库或RFID片本身的存储器是否表明项目已适当处理)，提供双态标签信息。
参照下面的实例进一步说明本发明。
                            实例
实例1
根据本发明，制作组合标牌。在加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥的单片系统(SCS)公司制造的测试装置物上装贴宾夕法尼亚州雷丁布Carpenter技术公司以牌名“HyMu80”提供的合金制成的坡莫合金磁条。测得该磁条约宽1.6mm(0.625英寸)×厚0.0254(0.001英寸)×长10.16mm(4英寸)。该装置物由连接LED二极管的标准SCS 2.45GHz天线组成。设计该装置，以便暴露于足以对典型SCSRFID标牌供电的2.45GHz场时，LED点亮，提供该装置电力接收部分工作正常的即时可视证实。用原型坡莫合金天线代替标准SCS天线时，LED以接近原场强度发光，证实该原型天线工作成功。
实例2
图3说明对13.56MHz RFID设计有用的另一天线实施例。在此频率下，盘卷型天线几何形状较佳。通过蚀刻(物理或化学方式)、模压切割或掩模沉积，由坡莫合金之类的磁合金形成包含该盘卷天线的螺旋圈。该盘卷的直“臂”部分还起本设计中磁响应单元的作用。然而，此几何形状中这些金属单元长度的减小使本装置磁保安部分有效性受限制。图3所示实施例中，天线卷增加设于角隅的磁通量收集单元，以克服此限制。图3所示结构最好包含前文所述的电容器，以便将天线的工作频率调谐到规定的询问频率。
将此例所述天线的特性与射频集成电路所用已知天线的特性比较，两种特性相同，因而相信本例的天线在该类应用中工作适当。
已对若干实施例阐述本发明。本领域的普通技术人员会理解所述实施例的适当修改也落入本发明范围中。

Claims (12)

1.一种组合标牌，其特征在于，它包含：
(a)磁响应可检测保安单元；
(b)含有集成电路的射频响应单元；
其中所述射频响应单元与所述磁响应单元电耦合，并将所述磁响应单元用作天线的至少一部分；
所述磁响应单元包含低矫顽力、高磁导率的铁磁材料，并提供良好导电性；
所述集成电路包括软件和电路，以永久存储信息，解释且处理命令，对请求的信息作出应答，并提供基本的组合标牌标识。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合标牌，其特征在于，所述射频响应单元与所述磁响应单元实际连接。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合标牌，其特征在于，所述磁响应单元提供双态信息。
4.如权利要求1所述的组合标牌，其特征在于，所述射频响应单元与数据库通信，以提供双态信息。
5.如权利要求1所述的组合标牌，其特征在于，所述标牌包含提供双态信息的可读/写存储器组件。
6.如权利要求1所述的组合标牌，其特征在于，该标牌与图书馆的资料相关。
7.如权利要求1所述的组合标牌，其特征在于，所述天线是电偶极天线或盘卷天线。
8.如权利要求1所述的组合标牌，其特征在于，所述磁响应单元对50Hz至100KHz范围的所施加询问信号作出响应，所述射频响应单元对125KHz至6GHz范围的所施加询问信号作出响应。
9.如权利要求8所述的组合标牌，其特征在于，所述射频响应单元可读/写。
10.一种包含组合标牌的系统，其特征在于，该组合标牌包含：
(a)磁响应可检测保安单元；
(b)含有集成电路的射频响应单元；
其中所述射频响应单元与所述磁响应单元电耦合，并将所述磁响应单元用作天线的至少一部分；
所述磁响应单元包含低矫顽力、高磁导率的铁磁材料，并提供良好导电性；
所述集成电路包括软件和电路，以永久存储信息，解释且处理命令，对请求的信息作出应答，并提供基本的组合标牌标识；
该系统还包含询问磁响应单元的询问源，以及询问射频响应单元的询问源。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，该系统还包含具有所述组合标牌信息的数据库。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述集成电路可读/写，所述射频响应单元具有信息存储器和发送性能，使询问系统能从该射频响应单元获得信息。
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