CN1151060A - 具有串联连接液晶滤光器的彩色显示器 - Google Patents

具有串联连接液晶滤光器的彩色显示器 Download PDF

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CN1151060A
CN1151060A CN95118940A CN95118940A CN1151060A CN 1151060 A CN1151060 A CN 1151060A CN 95118940 A CN95118940 A CN 95118940A CN 95118940 A CN95118940 A CN 95118940A CN 1151060 A CN1151060 A CN 1151060A
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J·冯富希林
M·沙德特
H·塞伯特
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
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    • H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
    • H04N9/3111—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying the colours sequentially, e.g. by using sequentially activated light sources
    • H04N9/3114—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying the colours sequentially, e.g. by using sequentially activated light sources by using a sequential colour filter producing one colour at a time
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G02F1/13471—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which all the liquid crystal cells or layers remain transparent, e.g. FLC, ECB, DAP, HAN, TN, STN, SBE-LC cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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    • G02F2201/343—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 reflector cholesteric liquid crystal reflector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
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Abstract

一种显示器，其彩色是通过使光透过三个串联配置的电可控滤色镜产生的，每一个滤色镜衰减三色中的一种色。该彩色滤色镜由两个胆甾醇滤光器、两个λ/4板和一个电可转换的液晶显示器组成。

Description

具有串联连接液晶滤光器的彩色显示器
本发明涉及由串联连接的电可控胆甾醇滤色镜产生彩色的一种彩色显示器。
迄今，制造彩色液晶显示器通常采用的主要方法有三种。
第一种，也是最常用的方法，主要供制造直观式显示器(与投影式显示器对比)用，是以滤色镜矩阵为基础的，矩阵中的每一个象素分成三个分别配置有红、绿或蓝滤色镜的毗邻子象素。这种彩色滤色镜矩阵是以光吸收原理为基础的，透光能力小，所需要的受控象素的数目为同分辨率黑白显示器的三倍。
第二种方法只适用于投影式显示器。投射灯来的光分成三种基色的独立光路。三条光路中，各配有液晶显示器。显示器的三幅图象由适当的光学系统对准在屏幕上。这种方法的透光能力约为第一种方法的三倍，一来是因为象素不再划分成子象素，二来这种显示器要求的分辨率比相应的黑白显示器低。这种方法的主要缺点是，光路呈非线性，这使光学系统大而重，再加上调节起来复杂，因而价钱贵。
第三种方法尚未公开，这种方法借助于可电转换的滤光器将来自照明灯的光依次从红色转换成绿色，显示时与同相应彩色相关的图象信息同步进行。这种方案也有上述同样的缺点，即透光率降低了六成多(在此情况下是因临时色序引起的)，而且为形成序列图象所要求的速度高。
本发明结合了上述各种方法的优点，而没有它们的缺点。更具体地说，本发明涉及线性光路极其简捷、透光能力高且液晶显示时无须提高速度的一种显示器。滤色镜和偏振镜都采用胆甾醇液晶滤光器，就是说，整个装置没有吸收元件，从而大大提高了其光稳定性。胆甾醇滤光器的特点是亮度和色纯度都高。本发明特别适用于投影显示系统，特别是那些装在明亮室内投影机上的投影显示系统，但是也可以用来构成直视显示器。本发明的另一个好处是，可与欧洲专利EP-A-407830中所述的透光能力高的照明光学系统结合使用。
现在参照附图说明本发明的一些举例性的实施例，附图中：
图1是本发明的投影显示系统；
图2示出了可转换的带阻滤光器(SBBF)的详图；
图3示出了用SBBF测出的透射率。
图1示出的投影系统有一个灯1，光从灯1通过聚光镜2呈平行光束投射到微型透镜矩阵3上。这种微型透镜矩阵，例如H.Hamada等人在1992年《信息显示协会(SID)文摘》第269页上作了介绍。透镜矩阵将光聚焦到可转换带阻滤光器(SBBF)6的每一个象素上。SBBF的作用(稍后将详细介绍)是根据所要求的图象信息将每一个象素的红、绿、蓝其中一个基色削弱(或反射)到不同的程度。其余的光通过微型透镜4投射到下一个SBBF7，由SBBF7将第二基色削弱到不同的程度。其余的光再次由微型透镜矩阵5投射到第三SBBF8上，第三基色在SBBF8上按图象信息加以削弱之后，通过投影透镜9最后投射到屏幕上。
微型透镜是用以提高发光效率的。如果不采用这种微型透镜，也可以采用全息散射图形、菲涅耳透镜或将分级分度透镜排成矩阵。若各象素相对于各SBBF之间的间距来说大得足以避免在所要求的光束发散度下出现的不能容许的平行差，则可以不用微型透镜。若光路呈锥形(例如采用菲涅耳透镜的明亮室内的投影机的情况下就是这样)，则三个LCD的大小可以取得略为不同，以便对光路的适应程度达到最佳情况。
美国专利4,726,663中介绍了类似SBBF的装置。本发明的新的特点在于，每一个象素的颜色可以切换，从而使显示器的亮度提高2倍而不致对液晶片在速率方面提出任何难以达到的要求。本发明的基本优点可以说明如下。假设在帧周期期间的入射光量由九个部分组成，每一种颜色占三个部分，再细分为三个子周期。因此可加以利用的整个光为3R＋3G＋3B(若限制到可利用的偏振情况，则所有讨论的方法会失去50％的光，因为这些光只以一种偏振状态工作)。若想显示出亮度高的白光，按照本发明，令三个SBBF6-8在整个周期的透射范围内工作，即透射光为(3R＋3G＋3B)，而在采用序列滤波器的情况下，第一个1/3周期的透射光为R，第二个1/3周期的透射光为G，第三个1/3周期的透射光为B，则总的透射光为(R＋G＋B)，即比本发明的小2/3。象素分成三色子象素时，情况也与此类似。，亮白光是指，每一个象素的1/3分别为红、绿和蓝，即整个信号和前面所说的一样为(R＋G＋B)，即比本发明的小2/3。这也适用于如欧洲专利EP-A-600349中所述的那种反射式显示器中的胆甾醇滤波器产生的子象素。
图2示出了SBBF的结构。从图中可以看到可能有的三种转换状态，即，全暗(图的下半部)的全亮(上半部)。液晶片13上的其它控制电压可按需要产生中间颜色。SBBF包括胆甾醇滤光器11、λ/4板12和14、液晶片13和胆甾醇滤光器15。
从例如M.Schadt等人在《日本应用物理杂志》(1990年，29，第10期，第1974页)上发表的文章，或从RMaurer等人在《SD1990文摘》第110-113页上发表的文章，可以了解到胆甾醇滤光器和可能使用的单体和聚合体胆甾醇液晶的结构。胆甾醇滤光器最重要的性能是能在(所选择的反射频带的)一定波长范围内反射入射光的圆偏振分量，同时让其它光透射过去而基本上没有衰减。所反射的圆偏振光是右旋还是左旋(分别通过R或L滤光器)，视乎胆甾醇液晶的旋转方向而定。同样，所选频带的位置和带宽可按周知的方式利用胆甾醇液晶的间距和双折射加以选择。
图2只示出了光在所选频带内的偏振情况，所选频带外无偏振的天然光的偏振情况没有变化。所选频带内的无偏振光10照射到胆甾醇L滤光器11。这里只让R偏振光透过，L偏振光则被反射回去，按照欧洲专利EP-A-407830所说，这可用来提高发光效率。透射的R光由λ/4板12转换成线性偏振光(“P”代表平行于垂直方向的偏振，“S”代表垂直于垂直方向的偏振)。液晶片13能将光偏振成不同程度的椭圆偏振光，刚提到的两种极限情况“P”和“S”是其特殊情况。稍后将列出可用作这种用途的多种可利用的液晶片。在液晶片13之后，光照射到另一个λ/4板14和胆甾醇R滤光器15上。
在上光路中，液晶片13使P偏振光旋转90度而成为S光。图中，这是用倾斜于垂直方向45度角的λ/2板表示的，也可以是以偏振传输方式的扭转向列(TN)型液晶片。液晶片13之后的S偏振光由λ/4板14转换成L圆偏振光，再无衰减地透过胆甾醇R滤光器15射出，该滤光器处于让光透过的状态(16)。
在下面的光路中，P偏振光在通过液晶片13后保持不动。图中，这是通过双折射的一个主轴平行于偏振方向表示的。但从同向扭转(homoeotropically)取向的液晶层也可取得同样的光学效果。在液晶片13之后，光由λ/4板14转换成R圆偏振光。此光不能通过胆甾醇R滤光器15。因此两光路中下面的一个光路相当于滤光器的不导光状态。中间状态对应于灰度值或各种彩色共用坐标。
因此，图2所示的SBBF具有图1的滤波器6、7和8所要求的性能，即可使波长范围减小到不同的程度。
滤光器15所反射的未透射的光一定不得从任何层面(例如液晶片13的电极层)，特别是在不导光状态下，反射回去，否则会使对比度大大下降。但由于这类反射不可能完全避免，因此必须注意使此反射光偏振得不致通过滤光器15，即要受到R圆形偏振的作用。这正是λ/4板14的作用，因为λ/4板14在各接触点处可产生任何反射之前已将反射的R光再转换成线性偏振光。若例如在液晶片13处仍出现这些反射光，则这些光仍然处于线性偏振状态，且在通过λ/4板14时再次受到R偏振。若省去λ/4板14，则R光在液晶片13上反射时会被转换成L光，从而能通过滤光器15。因此，要获取高对比度，λ/4板14是个关键。这种板在例如S.Sato和M.Wada的可转换滤色装置(美国纽约1974年2月ED-21卷第二期的《电气与电子工程师协会电子设备论文集》第171-172页)中就没有设置。
与顺次驱动相比，本发明对SBBF所透过的光的振性能方面并不提出任何要求，因为唯一重要的因素是光的强度。因此，SBBF可以用同样的胆甾醇滤光器11和15构成。导光与不导光之间的转换，取决于所选取的元件12-14的取向。本技术领域的行家都知道，液晶片13和λ/4板12、14有许多可能的取向，其性能基本上与图2实施例的相同。
胆甾醇滤光器特有的光学性能(滤出的光边缘清晰，没有吸收的纯介电效应)使显示器显示面明亮、光稳定性好，色饱和度优异。这与二向色颜料为主要材料的显示器(见欧洲专利EP-A-509727)成了鲜明的对比，后者色饱和度较低，且由于其吸收性能，光稳定性也欠佳。
有许多液晶片适用作电光片13，这些液晶片必须能满足将给定的线性偏振(图2中的P)转换成不同程度的椭圆偏振光(视乎所加的电压而定)的要求，这里光学对比度有两个极限值，即1)偏振作用不变；和2)有90度的偏振旋转。此外，必须能用适当的方法在所要求的帧频下调制全部要求的象素(在极端情况下为含数百万象素的二维矩阵)。调制可通过直接驱动或通过多路调制(包括有效编址多路调制)，或借助于有源矩阵进行。下面是这些LCD的一些实例：TN-LCD、STN-LCD、ECB-LCD、DAP-LCD、OMI-LCD、聚合物浸渍过的LCD或晶片或DHF-LCD或其它能产生灰度值的铁电LCD例如，电荷控制SSF-LCD、SBF-LCD或抗铁电LCD)。
图3示出了图2SBBF不偏振光的透射谱。胆甾醇滤光器12和14各有两个覆有聚酰亚胺的磨砂玻璃，彼此间隔8微米，两玻璃板之间有胆甾醇液晶混合料，并具有适当的双折射性和胆甾醇螺旋线的间距。从例如M.Schadt等人在1990年第29卷第10期的《日本应用物理杂志》第1974页上发表的文章可了解到这种液晶片的结构。液晶片13是常规的TN液晶片。λ/4板是市场上出售的延迟薄膜，其间距差为140纳米。所有组成部分都用光学粘结剂粘接在一起。图3示出了导光状态(片上电压为0伏)和不导光状态(10Vpp，片上有1千赫的方波)下的透射谱。可以清楚地看出，对比度良好，滤波特性曲线陡峭。
本发明主要应用于极其小巧的显示性能高的液晶投影显示器，例如供高清晰度电视投影机(带微型透镜的那一种)，或象素较大的或采用其它象素而不带微型透镜的显示器，在这些场合，本发明在亮度和彩色方面的质量有了重要的改进。在上述两种情况下，除了对现代市面出售的显示器业已提出的各项要求之外，在液晶元件方面并无其它要求。这与顺次驱动式显示器成了鲜明的对照，在这种场合，现代显示器的显示速率仍然不够快。按照本发明也可以制取直观式显示器(取消图1中的投影透镜9)，但其视角范围稍微受到选择性反射依赖于角度的特性的限制。

Claims (6)

1.一种电可控的彩色明亮显示装置，其线性光路简捷，该显示装置有三个光学上串联连接的可转换滤色镜，每一个滤色镜由两个胆甾醇滤光器、两个λ/4板和一个电气上可转换的带分段电极的液晶显示器，各滤光器适于借助电控制使三种不同颜色中的一种颜色衰减。
2.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于，各滤波器前配置有一个微型透镜矩阵、若干全息透镜、菲涅耳透镜或分级分度透镜。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的显示器，其特征在于，滤光器中使用的液晶片为下列的一种：TN-LCD、STN-LCD、ECB-LCD、DAP-LCD、OMI-LCD、聚合物浸渍过的LCD或晶片或DHF晶片或其它能产生灰度值的铁电晶片(例如电荷控制的SSF-LCD、SBF-LCD或抗铁电LCD)。
4.如1至3任一权利要求所述的显示器，其特征在于，所述显示器是投影式显示器。
5.如1至3任一权利要求所述的显示器，其特征在于，所述显示器是亮室投影机的投影附件。
6.如1至3任一权利要求所述的显示器，其特征在于，所述显示器是直观式显示器。
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