CN1157746A - 柔韧、适应性强的放射治疗用单导管、等距排列导管或筒或导管塑料引导系统 - Google Patents
柔韧、适应性强的放射治疗用单导管、等距排列导管或筒或导管塑料引导系统 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1001—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy using radiation sources introduced into or applied onto the body; brachytherapy
- A61N5/1007—Arrangements or means for the introduction of sources into the body
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/02—Holding devices, e.g. on the body
- A61M2025/0266—Holding devices, e.g. on the body using pads, patches, tapes or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/02—Holding devices, e.g. on the body
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1001—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy using radiation sources introduced into or applied onto the body; brachytherapy
- A61N5/1007—Arrangements or means for the introduction of sources into the body
- A61N2005/1012—Templates or grids for guiding the introduction of sources
Abstract
现有塑料导管系统不能很好地或根本不能适应人体解剖结构,并且缝合时易出现裂缝。该发明的塑料导管系统设有编织层,可按照身体不同部位解剖要求切割,固定容易且牢靠。
Description
放射治疗被证明为肿瘤治疗的有效手段。抵近照射则在咽腔、肠腔、阴道以及手术切开的体区成为受到肯定的放射疗方法,即通过后负药装置控制、准确地把定剂量放射源送到体内治疗位置,并以预选的等剂量过程运行,有关文献与参见D.E.Wazer,,R.Schmidt-Ullrich,W.Chasin,A.Wu,M.Buscher,Am.J.Otolaryngology10(3),(1989),173和R.Stepan,P.Lukas,U.Fink.P.Kneschaurek,Ir.Siewert,M.Molis,《Intraoperative Radiotherapy with High Dose Afterloading(Flabs Method)in Colorectal Carcinoma》,in F.W.Schildberg,N.Willich,H.-J.Krmling(Herausgeber)《Intraoperative RadiationTherapy》.Proceedings 4th International Symposium IORT,Munich1992,Verlag Die Blaue Eule;Essen。
为避免对患者造成损伤并保证精确照射的前提条件,要求导管位置安放准确并固定在体表或体内。这样才能进行预期的等剂量照射过程,保证预期的治疗结果。
还要确保由导管送入的放射源运行不受导管打折、缩窄以及转弯过锐的妨碍。否则,放射源运送受阻滞就会显著超剂量照射、会出现损伤患者的危险。在随后采取必要的应急措施时,医务人员不可避免地会受到放射线的照射。(Isabel Gosh,Sicherheits-technisch bedeutsame Ereignisse anAfterloadinganlagen:Uutersuchungen zur Strahlenexposition,Folgerungen zur Sicherheit von Personal und Patient,DiplomarbeitBerufsakademie Karlsruhe1991)。
进行每次小剂量的反复放射治疗疗程中,长时间地把导管准确无误固定在照射位置具有特别的意义。如果能安排一些离放疗中心较远的患者在放疗中心外作放疗前准备手术,就可以充分利用现有放疗中心,增加接受治疗的患者人数。要达到这个目的也必须确保导管固定牢靠。
现行生产的固定导管件为橡胶类、标准平板式(厚1至3cm,面积为30×30cm2,如Qundt Medizintechnik,Hamburg,或Mick Radio-NuclearInstruments Inc.,Bronx,New York等公司生产的产品),用时按需要切割,用穿刺针穿孔,插入导管。工作很费时间、束缚医务人员,且不能准确埋入导管(穿刺针越长,对针壁摩擦越大,平板材料变形,穿孔间丧失平行性)此外这种所谓平板也不易于固定在预设位置,缝合时易出现裂隙使平板移位甚至松脱。
导管不论在总体上出现移位还是仅仅改变相互位置都会影响放射治疗。这时要重新定位以查明导管移位,往往不得不重新手术,带来附加风险。与此相反,如能牢靠地固定导管就可以使患者在两次放疗间的部分医护工作在住所附近的小医院进行(降低费用)。
同样筒式塑料导管系统也未上市。如前引述的D.E.Wazer等论文177页所述,医务人员将就着使用可以被穿透的塑料基体。P.C.Levendag,L.Visch,N.Doiver)The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistny,63(6),(1990),S.665描述的方法是用基体上的固定环缝合在患者咽腔中固定咽腔放疗用单根导管,费时且加重患者负担。
这种背景下,US-PS4963128发明的嵌埋导管的平板是一个改进,但是还不能全面满足实际要求。外导管曲率半径过小有碍放射源通行。平板固定环易受撕裂,而且因为它们有可能置于不允许缝合的部位,往往不能全部用于固定平板。此外,平板材料过软,使它从根本上不适于通过其4个固定环牢靠地固定。再者,由于治疗面几何范围名不相同,这种带导管平板要有不同尺寸,用于固定位置的费用也要增加。
采用这种工艺的平板仅适于平坦或不大弯曲的治疗部位,不适于窄小体腔或很弯曲的体表或组织表面。
本发明旨在开发一种后负荷法放射治疗用塑料导管系统,不但适于平坦的体腔、也适于很弯曲的放射治疗面,它应免除上述缺点,并能通过简单切割适应于应用条件。而成本微不足道。本发明塑料导管系统的特点是,在平板或实施方案中,于导管上部背离照射面的一端,在系统的整个面积上设置塑料编织层。在筒式实施方案中则在下部装有塑料编织层,其它种种均在背离放射面端设置塑料编织层,并可以按需要要求任意切割,此外还要求导管周围塑料柔韧、导管与塑料基体间接触保密,液体封闭性好,塑料的密度在0.9g/cm3至1.2g/cm3之间,相对于使用时间和适应症的重度来说对患者健康无割,以及可用普通灭菌法消毒。本发明的特点还有,在塑料导管系统基体中埋入不脱丝的,与人机体组织亲和的塑料编织层,该编织层位于基体表面之下,且覆盖着基体的整个面积,或者同心地嵌在筒式系统下部,总之埋设在背离放射治疗面的方向上或者在放射范围的侧面(参见附图)。
本发明进一步特点是,尽可能在塑料基体背离放射治疗面方向内加入高序数(如铅)元素,对放射源起屏蔽作用而无损材料柔韧性。这样,源区辐照泄露减少80%,患者所受辐照基本上限制在病灶,使得需要救护患者时,上前的医务人员受的辐照也大为降低。
后负荷导管的包埋塑料应与机体组织亲和、质软,可采用聚氨酯、聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯、聚硫砜、聚乙醚、聚酯、聚酰胺等聚合物以及带或不带软化剂的硅胶,其密度在0.8至1.5g/cm3之间,最好在0.9至1.2g/cm3之间,可再生,尽可能少吸收γ-射线,并且在常规消毒过程中不产生有害降解物。根本上说,胶样聚合物也适用。导管最好采用聚酰胺,也可考虑其它塑料。
塑料基体中嵌入的塑料编织层应采用不脱丝,不与机体组织反应的化纤编成,应易于切割,与周围塑料结合牢固无空隙,可采用上述聚合物作材料。玻璃纤维编织层易于产生不易从组织中取出的导致副反应的微小碎屑,不宜采用。而塑料编织层可以和机体组织缝合一起。
本发明塑料导管系统可以原封不动地使用,也可按需要切剪,只须注意导管切口采用直横切法即可。使用柔韧的筒式时,对应于平板式导管的固定手段,把导管插入筒腔后平齐粘牢。导管开口端用同种塑料制成的塞子堵严。可按厂家规定的温度把塞子加热到融软点或用加热的扁钳封口,务使封口垂直并无附带的缩窄。也可采用与组织亲和的箍带,如Scotch-Weld DP490(3M)或Vitralit6/27(Panacol Elosol)所述。
本发明塑料导管系统的根本优点之一在于可在任意位置,以任意改变的几何形状固定,嵌入的编织层可以消除缝合裂缝,防止脱落现象。
图1-3为本发明塑料导管系统基本型A-I及其标准规格。
平板式塑料导管系统规格有100×100mm和300×300mm两种,厚度有3、5、10、20mm几种(见图1A及B型)以适应最大需求。埋入的导管末端可沿塑料基板边缘封口,大批量生产时,也可让导管穿过基板不作封口,在使用时按需要截短再封口。用于放疗的一端位于导管装置下部。
图2为各种规格筒式塑料导管系统,适应于放射治疗并生产为标准型。本质上I型(图3)也属于筒式,图中仅画出顶视图。C-E和I型筒式导管系统切在导管进入端设置同心的编织层,导管封口可在基筒额面,也可穿过基筒不封口。
图3中F-H型为特殊形态例,是适应某些体腔的基本型。
从基本型A-I出发也可以做成其它任意形式。按照某种模型,其形状并非直线,但却是导管的确定走向,依照本发明这些形状的系统也可以通过切割准确适应需要,并基本上设有聚合纤维编织层。应用举例:
1.一青年男性患者,25岁,患骨外小细胞恶性肿瘤,为左大腿内侧原发性神经间质瘤。经6疗程化疗,左大腿手术前放射治疗量达54居里。
现治疗状况:预治疗肿瘤缩小后,连同粘连骨层整块切除,在肿瘤基底部用铱192进行高剂量后负荷介入放射治疗。
这是一次性治疗,剂量为10居里,深达0.5cm组织深部,从近心侧送入,照射范围长达18cm。据我们所知,该患者放疗中未发生并发症,未发生感染、伤口愈合良好。
2. 34岁男性,舌根部患粘膜上皮癌,原则上不宜手术治疗。曾作经皮放疗,剂量达70居里、间质抵近放射治疗总剂量达10居里。
现状:上述放疗后,肿瘤尚发展,在舌根及下咽部进行了二次平板式导管的局部饱和剂量放射,距离5cm,参照组织深度0.5cm,剂量为2×5居里。
患者放疗效果良好,无明显副作用反应。附图说明
这里列举的塑料导管系统规格仅为举例,并不意味受此限制。
型号 | b(mm) | 1(mm) | h(mm) | 导管数 |
A | 100 | 100 | 3/5/10/20 | 9 |
B | 200 | 200 | 19 |
部分编码 | 名称 |
1 | 编织层 例如100×0.4×100 |
2 | 软塑料 例如100×20×100 |
3 | 导管 例如1.9×0.25×400和更长 |
型号 | 部分编号 | 名称 |
C | 1 | 编织层 如50×0.4×25 |
2 | 软塑料 如B.20×100 | |
3 | 导管 如1.9×0.25×100和更长 | |
D | 1 | 编织层 如30×0.4×25 |
2 | 软塑料如 10×200 | |
3 | 导管 如1.9×0.25×400和更长 | |
E | 1 | 编织层 如81×0.4×25 |
2 | 软塑料 如 30×200 | |
3 | 导管 如1.9×0.25×400和更长 |
型号 | 部分编号 | 名称 |
F-1 | 1 | 编织层 如65×0.4×65 |
2 | 软塑料 如70×20×90 | |
3 | 导管 如1.9×0.25×400和更长 |
Claims (7)
1.放射治疗,首先是抵近放射治疗用,采用后负荷法的,嵌埋单根导管或等距嵌埋多根导管或套筒的柔韧塑料基块,其特征为,
在平板式实施方案中,在于导管上方,以及背离照射面的方向,越过整个板面设置塑料编织层,在筒式实施方案中则在下部,以及在其它各式的背离照射面的方向上均设置塑料编织层,这种导管系统均可以按需要要求切割。
2.权利要求1所述的塑料导管系统,其特征为,其塑料编织层应当可以与机体组织缝合。
3.权利要求1和2所述的塑料导管系统,其特征为,其塑料基体软而柔韧,密度在0.8至1.5g/cm3,最好在0.9至1.2g/cm3之间。
4.以上权利要所述的塑料导管系统,其特征为,塑料材料选用聚氨酯、聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚氯乙烯、聚硫砜、聚乙醚、聚酯、聚酰胺及类似聚合物或含或不含软化剂的硅胶等。
5.根据权利要求1所述的塑料导管系统,其特征为,其塑料层在整个平面上,处于背离照射面方向,由不脱丝的,可切割的,与机体组织不发生排斥反应的化纤;特别是权利要求4所述聚合物纤维编织。
6.根据权利要求1至4所述的筒式塑料导管系统,其特征为,其编织层同心地设置在下部,即导管群或单根导管进入塑料基体的部位,此编织层是脱由不丝的、可切割的、与机体不产生排斥反应的化纤织成。
7.以上权利要求所述的塑料导管系统,其特征为,在背离照射面方向的材料采用射线屏蔽材料。
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DE19526680A DE19526680A1 (de) | 1995-07-21 | 1995-07-21 | Flexible, anpaßbare Kunststoff-Körper mit Einzelkathetern oder äquidistant eingebetteten Kathetern oder Hülsen zur Einführung von Kathetern für die Strahlentherapie |
DE19526680.3 | 1995-07-21 |
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EP (1) | EP0754473B1 (zh) |
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-
1995
- 1995-07-21 DE DE19526680A patent/DE19526680A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-07-03 EP EP96110700A patent/EP0754473B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-03 DE DE59610708T patent/DE59610708D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-19 JP JP8191079A patent/JPH0928810A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-19 CA CA002181662A patent/CA2181662A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-20 CN CN96113271A patent/CN1157746A/zh active Pending
- 1996-07-22 US US08/685,944 patent/US5803895A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-06-23 US US09/102,619 patent/US5967966A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
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JPH0928810A (ja) | 1997-02-04 |
DE59610708D1 (de) | 2003-10-16 |
DE19526680A1 (de) | 1997-01-23 |
EP0754473A3 (de) | 1999-02-24 |
US5803895A (en) | 1998-09-08 |
US5967966A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
EP0754473B1 (de) | 2003-09-10 |
EP0754473A2 (de) | 1997-01-22 |
CA2181662A1 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
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