CN1174497A - 皮肤中水分含量的测量 - Google Patents
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
- A61B5/0531—Measuring skin impedance
Abstract
为测量皮肤中、尤其是角质层(层状角质)中水分的含量,至少采用两个电极,至少其中一个电极放在要测量水分的皮肤处,为电极提供了频率小于50Hz的周期性电压,在电极下面测量角质层的电纳。在一个测量皮肤中水分含量的装置中,采用了三个电极,向其中两个电极提供周期性电压。在其中一个不受其他电极影响的电极下面测量角质层的电纳,这样,测量就是真正的单极。
Description
本发明涉及用于测量皮肤中水分含量的方法,特别涉及用于测量角质层(层状角质)中水分含量的方法。本发明还涉及用于单极测量皮肤中水分含量的装置,特别是用于测量角质层(层状角质)中水分含量的装置。
通过测量皮肤的电特性来评估层状角质的水合程度是有挑战性的,涉及到把电参数与生理状况关联的难题。得到用于测量层状角质中的水分或水合状况的改进型方法和装置尤为重要,因为皮肤中的水分含量与皮肤的功能密切相关,所以,测量层状角质的水合状态能够得到皮肤中的不可见状态的早期诊治。皮肤水分含量的电测量对评估例如估计药物效应、美容效应和加湿效应等大量不同因素和皮肤水分含量的其他皮肤护理准备是有益的。
先进的加湿器及类似的皮肤护理准备越来越基于脂质体,在脂质体中,用一个或多个包括类脂化合物分子的双层膜将水成体完全包围。当类脂化合物(通常为磷类脂化合物)分散在液态介质中时,就立即形成了脂质体,它们的直径范围可以是从几十纳米到几十微米间。因此,新的护肤产品越来越利用脂质体,以便利于把活性物质输送到皮肤中。未受损的脂质体只穿透角质层,由于它们是吸湿的,并能容纳相当于其磷类脂物重量许多倍的大量水分,所以,它们将使皮肤的水分含量增加。
为测量这类护肤准备的效果,已经开发了“Corneometer”和“Skicon”型仪器。这些仪器工作于大约100kHz到数MHz的频率中,在该频段中角质层的阻抗很小,因此,使得得到绝缘的测量、例如角质层的导纳很困难。另外,存在着皮肤上的两相邻表面电极由于皮肤油脂、出汗等而短路的可能性。支持使用高频测量皮肤水分的理由是为了减少汗孔中的离子导电性。相应地,认为电纳是与角质层的水合关系最明显的电参数。然而,在理论上证明了进行角质层的绝缘测量,电纳应使用低频法测量。
本发明的目的在于消除与使用原有技术和已有装置、通过皮肤的电测量确定角质层的水分含量有关的缺点。另一个目的在于在低频进行测量以确保角质层在测量结果中起决定性作用。还有一个目的在于区分测量中的电纳和电导,由于汗腺的活性影响电导,所以电纳是评估皮肤水分的最合适的参数。
按照本发明的一个方法和执行该方法的装置,得到了上述及其他目的。该方法的特征在于,使用了两个或多个电极,将至少一个电极配置在要在其处测量水分的皮肤上,为电极提供频率小于50kHz的周期性电压,测量电极下的角质层(层状角质)中的电纳,该装置的特征在于,包括三个电极M、R、C,R电极与运算放大器的反相输入端相连,C电极与运算放大器的输出端相连,运算放大器的非反相输入端与振荡器的正弦电压输出端相连,M电极通过互阻放大器的反相输入端与同步整流器的一个输入端相连,同步整流器的参考输入端与振荡器的余弦电压输出端相连,借此,在同步整流器的输出端得到了来自M电极的、作为测试信号的电纳信号。
现在,联系一个实施例,参考附图来更具体地说明本发明。
图1是以肩部皮肤为例的人体皮肤的剖面图;
图2示出了常用的皮肤的电等效电路;
图3示出了用于实现根据本发明的方法的装置。
图1示出了贯穿人的皮肤的剖面图,角质层或层状角质是皮肤的上层和外层。更具体地说,图1表示贯穿人的肩部皮肤的剖面图。在角质层下是颗粒层或粒状细胞层,再之下是生发层,这是表皮的最深层,乳头真皮层形成与真皮的过渡。
图2是皮肤的电等效框图,其中Ypol是角质层的极化导纳,分别包括极化电导Gpol和极化电纳ωCpol,GDC是角质层的欧姆电导,它对角质层的汗孔中的离子电导有主要贡献。R∞表示皮肤深层的电阻。
图3是根据本发明的装置的框图。它包括输出电压频率优选为10-1000Hz的正交振荡器1,该振荡器1的正弦输出3与可变电阻5相连,而该振荡器1的余弦输出2与同步整流器8的参考输入端相连。该装置包括三个电极R、C和M。在《医学和生物工程及计算》(Med.& Biol. Eng. & Computing)(1983第21卷第750-55页)Grimnes S.的《人体皮肤表面电极的阻抗测量》和Martinsen Ф. G.,Grimnes S.和Karisen J.的《用导纳评估皮肤水合的仪器》(《生物医学技术进展》,1993年,14卷,第5期,第588-96页)中说明了这类三电极系统的原理。
将R电极连接到运算放大器4的反相输入端,将C电极连接到运算放大器4的输出端,运算放大器4的非反相输入端与可变电阻器5并因此与振荡器1的正弦电压输出端3相连。可变电阻器5决定了测量电压的幅值。将M电极连接到互阻放大器6的反相输出端,互阻放大器6的输出端与同步整流器8的输入端相连。反馈电阻7并联连接在互阻放大器的反相输入端和输出端之间。
装置使用时,振荡器1为三电极系统R、C、M提供正弦电压,为同步整流器8提供余弦电压作为参考信号。用互 阻放大器6将通过测量电极M的电流转换成电压,这就避免了传统的分流电阻导致的误差。在根据本发明的装置中使用三电极系统还避免了出现由测试主体与电路间的泄漏电容引起的50/60Hz噪声。根据本发明的装置测量位于M电极下的角质层部分的电纳。测量不受其他两个电极R、C下的电纳改变的影响,因而是真正的单极。
根据本发明的装置优先选用同轴电极设计,其中,将内部电极用作M电极,将外部电极用作R电极。内部电极由金属最好是诸如铂的惰性金属制成。例如,C电极是Ag/AgCl固态凝胶电极,它放在皮肤的另一个部位。已经发现在同轴铂电极和皮肤间的该极化阻抗是可以忽略不计的,当测量皮肤的导纳时,使用具有用同一类型的金属制成的M电极和R电极的优选同轴电极,就避免了诸如电极材料和皮肤电势的不同所导致的直流电势。
进行测量时,在施加电极后若干秒后就读取电纳的读数值。优选在M电极和R电极间使用小于500毫伏均方根的有效测量电压。
为确保该读数值确实是测量的角质层的电纳值,根据本发明,在M电极和C电极间施加了小于50KHz、最好是小于1KHz的频率的周期性电压,例如正弦电压。然而,不明白为什么周期性电压的频率不能相当低。同时,在M电极和R电极之间施加小于500毫伏均方根的有效测量电压。如先前所述,为区分电纳和电导,使用了同步整流器8,分别将其与M电极和振荡器1相连,同步整流器8作为参考,从振荡器1向同步整流器8提供了余弦电压。
在根据本发明的方法和装置的实验测试中,对15mg/ml和150mg/ml的脂质体的两种不同脂质体成分的效应进行了超过三小时的测量。把根据本发明进行的测量同著名的商业仪器“Corneometer CM 820”进行的测量进行了比较,“Cornesmeter CM 820”测量皮肤的电容特性并以任意单位进行显示。在测试中,通过西格马(Sigma)化学公司提供的磷类脂物制备脂质体,使用了薄膜方法来制备,制成了平均直径85nm的脂质体。在测量测试中,根据本发明的装置和方法用两种脂质体成分处理的皮肤区上都显示出测量的电纳值有显著提高,而“Comeometer”只对150mg/ml的脂质体显示了统计上的显著区别。
因此,由于根据本发明的方法和装置对水分值的微小改变也起反应,所以,非常适用于检测角质层水合中的微小改变。
Claims (9)
1、一种测试皮肤中、尤其是角质层(层状角质)中的水分含量的方法,其特征在于,使用了两个或多个电极,在要测量的皮肤处至少放置一个电极,向电极施加低于50kHz的周期性电压,测量电极下的角质层(层状角质)中的电纳。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,采用了三个电极M、R、C,在M电极和C电极间施加了周期性电压,在M电极下测量电纳,这样,测量是真正的单极。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,采用了频率小于1000Hz的正弦电压。
4、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在M电极和R电极间采用了小于500mV RMS的有效测量电压。
5、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,为区别电纳和电导,使用同步整流器,它分别与M电极和振荡器相连,同步整流器作为参考,从振荡器向同步整流器提供输出电压。
6、一种用于测量皮肤中、尤其是角质层(层状角质)中的水分含量的单极测量装置,其特征在于,该装置包括三个电极M、R、C,R电极与运算放大器4的反相输入端相连,C电极与运算放大器4的反相输出端相连,运算放大器的非反相输入端与振荡器1的正弦电压输出端2相连,M电极通过互阻放大器6的反相输入端与同步整流器8的一个输入端相连,同步整流器的参考输入端与振荡器1的余弦电压输出端2相连,由此,在同步整流器8的输出端得到了来自M电极的、作为测试信号的电纳信号。
7、根据权利要求6的装置,其特征在于,振荡器1是正交振荡器,振荡器的输出电压频率范围是10-1000Hz。
8、根据权利要求6的装置,其特征在于,M电极和R电极分别是金属制成的同轴环电极的内部电极和外部电极。
9、根据权利要求8的装置,其特征在于,M电极和R电极的材料是一种且是同一种金属,最好是惰性金属。
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NO943840A NO180024C (no) | 1994-10-11 | 1994-10-11 | Måling av fuktighet i hud |
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US (1) | US5738107A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0785749B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3916658B2 (zh) |
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AT (1) | ATE235185T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU3711695A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69530098T2 (zh) |
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-
1994
- 1994-10-11 NO NO943840A patent/NO180024C/no unknown
-
1995
- 1995-10-09 EP EP95934899A patent/EP0785749B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-09 AU AU37116/95A patent/AU3711695A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-10-09 DE DE69530098T patent/DE69530098T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-09 AT AT95934899T patent/ATE235185T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-09 ES ES95934899T patent/ES2196083T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-09 US US08/817,350 patent/US5738107A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-09 CN CNB951956051A patent/CN1149955C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-09 WO PCT/NO1995/000184 patent/WO1996010951A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-10-09 JP JP51250296A patent/JP3916658B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN100346743C (zh) * | 2005-06-06 | 2007-11-07 | 清华大学 | 一种皮肤水分测量方法 |
CN101257845B (zh) * | 2005-09-02 | 2011-07-27 | 宝洁公司 | 指示皮肤含水量的方法和装置 |
CN103271739A (zh) * | 2013-05-06 | 2013-09-04 | 清华大学 | 一种皮肤水分的测量方法及装置 |
CN103271739B (zh) * | 2013-05-06 | 2015-04-15 | 清华大学 | 一种皮肤水分的测量方法及装置 |
CN103622694A (zh) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | 皮肤水分检测仪 |
CN105326503A (zh) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-17 | 江门大诚医疗器械有限公司 | 一种人体水分检测手环 |
CN109310337A (zh) * | 2016-06-20 | 2019-02-05 | 公立大学法人大阪市立大学 | 皮肤诊断装置、皮肤状态输出方法、程序、以及记录介质 |
CN109310337B (zh) * | 2016-06-20 | 2021-07-06 | 公立大学法人大阪市立大学 | 皮肤诊断装置、皮肤状态输出方法、以及记录介质 |
CN109381164A (zh) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-02-26 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | 皮肤湿度检测方法及装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO943840D0 (no) | 1994-10-11 |
JP3916658B2 (ja) | 2007-05-16 |
NO943840L (no) | 1996-04-12 |
AU3711695A (en) | 1996-05-02 |
US5738107A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
DE69530098T2 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
NO180024B (no) | 1996-10-21 |
NO180024C (no) | 1997-01-29 |
WO1996010951A1 (en) | 1996-04-18 |
ATE235185T1 (de) | 2003-04-15 |
CN1149955C (zh) | 2004-05-19 |
DE69530098D1 (de) | 2003-04-30 |
ES2196083T3 (es) | 2003-12-16 |
EP0785749B1 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
EP0785749A1 (en) | 1997-07-30 |
JPH10512764A (ja) | 1998-12-08 |
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