CN1203639A - 超细微纤维非织纤网 - Google Patents

超细微纤维非织纤网 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1203639A
CN1203639A CN96198680A CN96198680A CN1203639A CN 1203639 A CN1203639 A CN 1203639A CN 96198680 A CN96198680 A CN 96198680A CN 96198680 A CN96198680 A CN 96198680A CN 1203639 A CN1203639 A CN 1203639A
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China
Prior art keywords
splitting
polymer
hydrophilic
microfiber
ultra
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Granted
Application number
CN96198680A
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English (en)
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CN1080338C (zh
Inventor
R·D·派克
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Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Kimberly Clark Corp
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Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
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Publication of CN1203639A publication Critical patent/CN1203639A/zh
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    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
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Abstract

本发明提供一种含超细微纤维的纤网。该纤网包含由含第一聚合物组分的第一类劈裂微纤维与含第二聚合物组分的第二类劈裂微纤维组成的共混物,其中至少一种聚合物组分是亲水性的。本发明还提供一种熔喷纤维网,它含有至少两类纤维,其中第一类纤维各具有界限分明的断面配置。

Description

超细微纤维非织纤网
发明背景
本发明涉及微纤维非织纤网。更具体地说，本发明涉及含有超细微纤维的纤网。
微纤维网，例如熔喷纤维网，是众所周知的，关于熔喷纤网可见诸于各种各样专利及出版物，包括海军研究实验室报告4364，“超细有机纤维的制造”，作者V.A.Wendt等人；海军研究实验室报告5265，“用于超细有机纤维成形的改进装置”，作者K.D.Lawrence等人；以及授予Butin等人的美国专利3,849,241。熔喷纤维网，含有平均直径一般小于10微米的热塑性微纤维，其制取方法为：将聚合物树脂加热成为熔体，将熔体通过模板头中的模板孔挤出成为丝束，用一股加热流体，通常为空气，朝着从模板孔出来的丝束喷吹以使丝变细，随后将丝束收集在多孔表面上，就制成了非织纤网。由于丝束在被收集起来的时刻仍然发粘，故它们能形成自生的纤维间粘合点，从而生产出具有整体性的纤网。
虽然传统的熔喷纤维网已含有细的微纤维，然而人们需要含有更细的微纤维的纤网。为缩小微纤维直径已进行过各种尝试。这类尝试的一例就是减少流经模板头的聚合物通过量。然而，生产细熔喷纤维的这种直接控制方式仅能用来将纤维的纤度降低到有限的程度，因为在超过一定极限之后，流量的进一步降低会使纤维生产彻底中断。生产细熔喷纤维的另一种范例方法包括生产海-岛配置的双组分共轭熔喷纤维，随后将熔喷纤维的海组分溶解从而生产出岛组分微纤维的步骤。然而，溶解方法的不利之处在于，它要求麻烦的溶解步骤，而且为了生产细纤维它除掉了共轭纤维相当大的一部分。因此，溶解方法往往不经济，而且组分聚合物的利用率也低。
技术上已知的生产细纤维的又一类典型方法是劈裂纤维生产方法。然而已知的劈裂纤维生产法不适合用来裂开熔喷纤维。应用最广的劈裂纤维生产法是水刺法，它利用一股流动的压力水将多组分共轭纤维裂开。通常，该方法同时使纤维开裂并缠结，制成粘合非织纤网。然而，这种水刺法一直未被用来生产劈裂的熔喷纤维网，因为这种自发粘合的熔喷纤维网包含非常细的可断裂纤维并含有基本上均匀分布的大量纤维间粘合点，限制了纤维运动，故难以用这种机械的劈裂方法劈开。
还有技术上已知的其他细微纤维网，它们包括玻璃微纤维网。尽管能够生产出超细玻璃微纤维，但是玻璃微纤维是脆性的，因此不适合那些将纤维强度性能作为重要指标的用途。
迄今，依然存在着对超细微纤维网以及生产此种纤网的生产方法的需求。
发明简述
本发明提供含有超细微纤维的纤网。该纤网包含由含第一聚合物组分的第一类劈裂微纤维与含第二聚合物组分的第二类劈裂微纤维组成的共混物，其中该聚合物组分中至少一种是亲水性的。本发明还提供一种熔喷纤维网，它包含至少两类纤维，其中每一类纤维各具有界线分明的断面配置。
本发明还提供一种可劈裂的熔喷共轭纤维，它含有至少两种不相容的聚合物组分，这些组分沿纤维长度排列在断面的界线分明区段内。该纤维可表征为，其中至少一种组分聚合物是亲水性的。而且，至少一种组分聚合物沿纤维长度形成界线分明的不咬合断面区段，以致诸区段是可分离的。
本发明的超细劈裂微纤维网表现出优于传统熔喷纤维网的改善的性能，包括纤维覆盖的改善、强度及质地性能、阻隔性、过滤性等方面的改善。
本文所使用的术语“蒸汽”，除另行指明外，是指蒸汽以及蒸汽与空气的混合物。本文所使用的术语“水介质”是指含有水或蒸汽的液态或气态介质。本文所使用的术语“纤维”，除另行指明外，既指短纤维也指连续长丝。本文所使用的术语“多组分共轭纤维”是指一种纤维，它含有至少两种沿纤维长度排列成占据纤维断面上界线鲜明区段的组分聚合物。
附图简述
图1～4表示适合本发明的共轭纤维的配置。
图5～6表示用于本发明的范例的非对称共轭纤维的配置。
图7表示本发明的范例超细劈裂微纤维网的生产过程。
图8表示生产熔喷纤维的范例模板头。
图9是本发明劈裂微纤维网的断面显微照片。
图10是未处理、未劈裂的微纤维网的断面显微照片。
发明详述
本发明提供一种超细微纤维网，该纤网的超细微纤维是通过对可劈裂共轭熔喷纤维进行劈裂处理而生成的。该超细劈裂微纤维网包含至少两类纤维，而构成这两类纤维的聚合物又是不相容的。另外，该不相容的组分聚合物中至少一种是亲水性的。本文所使用的术语“亲水性”是指对水的亲和性。该亲水性组分聚合物的亲水性测量方法是，按照ASTMD724-89的接触角测量程序，在一种通过对处于生产该劈裂微纤维网时所使用的模板头温度下的聚合物进行熔融流延而制取的薄膜上进行的。希望的是，该亲水性聚合物的初始接触角等于或小于约80°，更希望等于或小于约75°，进而更希望等于或小于约60°，最希望等于或小于约50°。本文所使用的术语“初始接触角”是指将水滴加到测试薄膜样品上之后的约5秒钟内测得的接触角。按照本发明，亲水性聚合物组分可以是天然亲水性聚合物或是一种亲水改性的聚合物。
本发明的可劈裂共轭熔喷纤维当与热的劈裂诱导水介质接触时便自发裂开，无需外加的机械搅拌或原纤化。适用于本发明的劈裂诱导水介质包括热水，希望是具有至少约60℃，更希望约65℃～100℃之间温度的热水。另外，合适的劈裂诱导介质是其温度高于60℃但低于该共轭纤维的最低熔点聚合物熔点的蒸汽以及蒸汽与空气的混合物，以防止纤维劈裂过程中该聚合物组分出现意外熔融。希望的是，该空气-蒸汽混合物含有约0％～约75％空气及约100％～约20％蒸汽。当采用空气-蒸汽混合物介质时，可调节与蒸汽相混合的空气的温度来改变劈裂诱导介质的温度。例如，可提高空气的温度，从而提高蒸汽-空气混合物的温度。
按照本发明，共轭微纤维在接触到劈裂诱导介质后的等于或小于约30秒钟的时间范围内发生开裂；希望在等于或小于约10秒钟内；更希望在等于或小于约5秒钟内；最希望在小于等于或小于约1秒钟内，例如几乎在瞬间实现。另外，采用本发明纤维劈裂方法，至少约25％，希望至少约50％，更希望至少约75％，最希望至少约95％，甚至高达100％的共轭熔喷纤维发生开裂。
该超细劈裂微纤维的生产方法远优于先有技术的细微纤维生产方法。与先有技术的溶解生产方法不同，本发明的劈裂微纤维生产方法简单且自发进行，而且不产生显著数量可能有待处置的副产物。另外，本发明的劈裂方法不去除纤维的任何部分。因此，该劈裂方法不减少纤网的重量和纤维网的纤维覆盖性。事实上，本发明的劈裂方法，由于增加了非织纤网中纤维的根数又不减少其单位重量，故可改善纤网的纤维覆盖性及质地，以及各项物理性能。而且，采用本发明方法生产的超细微纤维网可提供十分理想的性能，包括优于含大致相同尺寸超细玻璃纤维的纤网的强度性能及悬垂性。
上面已经讲到，本发明的超细劈裂微纤维网是用一种多组分共轭熔喷纤维制成的，该纤维含至少两种不相容的聚合物，它们沿每根纤维全长或基本上全长配置成占据断面上界线分明的不同区段。按照本发明，共轭纤维的每一区段由与相邻区段聚合物不相容的聚合物所占据。例如，两种不相容的聚合物组合物交替地配置，形成一根完整的共轭纤维，或者由多种彼此不相容的聚合物配置成这种共轭纤维。
此种共轭纤维的断面配置应易于发生部分或完全的解离。这样，该共轭纤维断面的至少一个可解离区段，它由纤维的组分聚合物之一所占据，构成纤维周边表面的一部分且其位置及形状不与相邻区段互相咬合，因此该可解离区段在分离时不会受到任何机械障碍。
该共轭纤维的合适配置包括并列配置(图1)，楔形配置(图2)、中空楔形配置(图3)及片段配置(图4)。要指出的是，一种合适的配置，只要不咬合或互锁，就不一定要求呈对称的几何图形。因此，合适的配置还包括各种不对称配置，如图5～6中所示。不对称断面配置的可劈裂共轭纤维，如图5或图6所示，所构成的超细微纤维网包含至少两类其断面配置、大小及形状均各不相同的纤维的混合物。另外，可劈裂共轭纤维不一定是传统的圆形纤维。其他有用的纤维形状包括矩形、椭圆及多叶等形状。
该共轭纤维的诸不同组分聚合物的含量不一定相等。例如，共轭纤维的一种组分聚合物可以成形为一种薄膜似的片段，它只是起到二相邻组分聚合物之间的隔离层作用，这样，所提供的纤网就主要含有由一种聚合物组分组成的细微纤维。
此外，该可劈裂共轭纤维可以是卷曲的或非卷曲的。本发明的卷曲可劈裂微纤维用于生产蓬松纤网是非常有用的，因为卷曲可增加纤网的体积或蓬松度。
按照本发明，调节共轭纤维的纤度和/或调节共轭纤维断面内的区段数目，可方便地生产出各种不同纤度的劈裂微纤维。一般说，共轭纤维纤度细和/或断面区段数多，生产出的劈裂微纤维就细。因此，劈裂微纤维的纤度容易调节成各种各样的粗细。在诸合适的纤度控制方法中，调节断面区段数的方法是本发明所尤其青睐的。通过调节断面区段数及共轭微纤维的纤度，甚至可使生产出的本发明劈裂微纤维的单位长度重量达到约0.2μm或更低。
前面已经指出，适合用于本发明可劈裂共轭纤维的亲水性聚合物既包括亲水性的，也包括亲水改性的聚合物。合适的亲水性聚合物希望具有小于等于约80°的接触角。适用于本发明的本质亲水的聚合物包括具有上述亲水性的热塑性聚合物。此类聚合物包括：己内酰胺与烯化氧二胺的共聚物，如Hydrofil，它可由联合信号公司购得；聚(环氧乙烷)与聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚酯或聚脲的共聚物，如授予Pazos等人的美国专利4,767,825中公开的吸收性热塑性聚合物；乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物等。该美国专利4,767,825全文收作本文的参考文献。
适用于本发明亲水改性的聚合物包括聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯，以及其共聚物及共混物。合适的聚烯烃包括聚乙烯，如高密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯及线型低密度聚乙烯；聚丙烯，如全同立构聚丙烯、间同立构聚丙烯、全同立构聚丙烯与无规立构聚丙烯的共混物，以及其共混物；聚丁烯，如聚(1-丁烯)及聚(2-丁烯)；聚戊烯，如聚(1-戊烯)及聚(2-戊烯)；聚(3-甲基-1-戊烯)；聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)；以及它们的共聚物及共混物。合适的共聚物包括由两种或更多种不同不饱和烯烃单体制备的无规及嵌段共聚物，如乙烯/丙烯及乙烯/丁烯共聚物。合适的聚酰胺包括尼龙6、尼龙6/6、尼龙4/6、尼龙11、尼龙12、尼龙6/10、尼龙6/12、尼龙12/12、己内酰胺与烯化氧二胺的共聚物等，以及它们的共混物及共聚物。合适的聚酯包酯包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚对苯二甲酸亚丁基酯、聚对苯二甲酸环亚己基-1，4-二亚甲基酯，以及它们的间苯二甲酸酯共聚物及共混物。
按照本发明，当用疏水性的或者亲水性不足的聚合物作为该可劈裂共轭纤维的亲水性组分时，则该聚合物必须进行亲水化或可湿化改性处理。一种对该聚合物进行改性的手段是加入亲水改性剂。合适的亲水改性剂包括各种表面活性剂。依含该劈裂微纤维的材料的最终用途之不同，该表面活性剂可以是短效的或非短效的。如果该劈裂纤维用于那些一次性暴露的用途或者那些希望获得不可湿或疏水性的场合，则短效表面活性剂，即要从纤维表面洗掉的表面活性剂是合适的。当使用短效表面活性剂时，该劈裂微纤维网可随后进行洗涤以便使纤网及纤网的劈裂微纤维变成疏水的。如果该劈裂纤维用于那些希望保持较持久可湿的或亲水的用途，则非短效表面活性剂，即永久或半永久地附着在纤维表面的表面活性剂是适用的。而尤其合适的是，选用那些与纤维的亲水性组分聚合物相容性低的内添加表面活性剂，因为这类表面活性剂易于在纤维纺丝过程中迁移到纤维表面。当使用慢迁移特性的表面活性剂时，则纤维可能需要进行热处理或退火，以促进表面活性剂向表面的迁移。此种热处理在技术上被称作泛霜过程。合适的表面活性剂的说明性例子包括基于硅的表面活性剂，如聚烯化氧改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷；氟代脂族表面活性剂，如全氟烷基聚烯化氧；以及其他表面活性剂，如actyl-苯氧基聚乙氧基乙醇非离子表面活性剂、烷芳基聚醚醇，以及聚环氧乙烷。市售的适用于本发明的表面活性剂包括Rohm and Haas公司以商品名Triton出售的各种以聚(环氧乙烷)为基础的表面活性剂，如牌号X-102；Emery工业公司以商品名Emerest出售的各种以聚乙二醇为基础的表面活性剂，如牌号2620及2650；Mazer公司以商品名Masil出售的各种以聚烯化氧改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷为基础的表面活性剂，例如SF-19；ICI公司以商品名PEG出售的聚烯化氧脂肪酸衍生物，如PEG400；ICI公司出售的脱水山梨醇单油酸酯，如Span 80；ICI公司出售的乙氧基化羟基化蓖麻油，如G1292；ICI公司出售的脱水山梨醇单油酸酯与乙氧基化羟基化蓖麻油的混合物，如Ahcovel Base N62；如明尼苏达矿业及制造公司出售的聚烯化氧改性的氟代脂族表面活性剂；以及上述的混合物。
就每种用途而言，表面活性剂的需要量及改性纤维的亲水性，将随所使用的表面活性剂类型及聚合物类型之不同而不同。一般来说，纤维所含聚合物的亲水性或亲水改性程度越大，则自发劈裂性越好。因此，可在共轭纤维的聚合物组合物中加入高用量的表面活性剂，只要该表面活性剂用量不高到对聚合物组合物的可加工性产生负面影响即可。就典型而言，适合本发明纤维组合物的表面活性剂用量，按聚合物组合物重量计，为约0.1％～约5％，希望约0.3％～约4.5％，更希望约0.5％～约4％。表面活性剂在组合物被加工成纤维之前与聚合物组合物进行充分混合。例如，当采用熔融挤出法生产纤维时，表面活性剂与聚合物组合物在挤塑机中掺混并熔融挤出，随后被纺成纤维。
按照本发明，用于可劈裂共轭纤维的附加组分聚合物选自亲水及疏水性热塑性聚合物。合适的聚合物包括上面已列举的亲水性聚合物及可亲水改性的聚合物。附加的组分聚合物不一定是亲水性的，但必须是与该熔喷共轭纤维的亲水性组分聚合物不相容的。
本文所使用的术语“不相容聚合物”是指当熔融掺混时不形成可溶混共混物，即不溶混的。作为本发明的一种中意的实施方案，采用聚合物溶解度参数(δ)之差来选择合适的不相容聚合物。不同聚合物的聚合物溶解度参数(δ)在技术上是熟知的。有关溶解度参数的讨论，例如可参见《聚合物：现代材料的化学及物理》，第142～145页，由JMGCowie，国际教科书有限公司1973年出版。希望的是，配置在本发明熔喷共轭纤维的相邻区段的组分聚合物，其溶解度参数之差至少为约0.5(卡/立方厘米)1/2，更希望至少为约1(卡/立方厘米)1/2，最希望至少为约2(卡/立方厘米)1/2。该溶解度参数差值的上限对本发明的实施并不严格，因为该差值越高，纤维自发劈裂的倾向越大。
用于本发明共轭微纤维的尤其好的不相容聚合物配对的说明性例子包括聚烯烃-聚酰胺，如聚乙烯-尼龙6、聚乙烯-尼龙6/6、聚丙烯-尼龙6、聚丙烯-尼龙6/6、聚乙烯-己内酰胺与烯化氧二胺的共聚物，以及聚丙烯-己内酰胺与烯化氧二胺的共聚物；聚烯烃-聚酯，如聚乙烯-聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚丙烯-聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚乙烯-聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯以及聚丙烯-聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯；以及聚酰胺-聚酯，如尼龙6-聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、尼龙6/6-聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、尼龙6-聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、尼龙6/6-聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯-己内酰胺与烯化氧二胺的共聚物，以及聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯-己内酰胺与烯化氧二胺与聚丙烯的共聚物。
图7画出了本发明生产超细劈裂微纤维非织纤网的范例工艺。生产线10被安排用来生产两种聚合物组分(双组分)的劈裂熔喷纤维非织纤网。要指出的是，也可生产含两种以上聚合物组分的共轭熔喷纤维。生产线10包括一对挤塑机12a和12b，分别用于对两种不相容组分聚合物进行熔融加工。这两种组分聚合物之一或二者是亲水性聚合物，或者是其中按照本发明掺混了有效数量亲水改性剂的疏水性聚合物，这样，将它们喂入各自的挤塑机。替代地，可将亲水改性剂注入到各自的挤塑机中。聚合物在挤塑机中受到熔融加工，然后喂入到例如并列的模板头14中。大致地说，模板头14包括壳体，其中装有许多彼此重叠码放的板，板上均开有由孔形成的阵列，它们布置在一起构成用以供聚合挤出物流经模板14进入模板嘴孔或喷丝孔16的流道。模板头嘴22，其断面见图8所示，包含模板孔16。每一个孔16接受规定量的按并列配置的两种挤出物，成形为并列丝24。热高压流体，通常为空气，经过一端到流道26及28为止的管子18及20被送入模板嘴。正当挤出物离开模板孔16成形为丝24时，该高压流体将丝24拉细并夹带着送到移动的多孔运输带30上。替代地，该高压流体可用来将丝拉细，并进而将其拉断，形成悬浮在空气中的细小、不连续的纤维。被拉细的丝或纤维24，由于骤冷得不充分，依然发粘，故无规地沉积下来，形成自发粘合的非织纤网32。在多孔运输带30的下方抽真空以促使纤网成形。纤维一旦沉积并形成纤网之后，纤网32便被滚筒34和36拉离运输带30。随后，该共轭熔喷纤维网32从喷洒装置38下方通过，该喷洒装置透彻并均匀地喷洒热的劈裂诱导水介质，例如蒸汽或热水，使纤网的纤维发生劈裂。作为一种替代的实施方案，纤网32可通过热水浴。在喷洒装置38下方，纤网的另一侧，可设置真空装置(未画出)以抽除喷洒上去的劈裂诱导介质。随后，该劈裂纤维网进行干燥处理。
该超细劈裂熔喷纤维网表现出喜人的性能，例如布料均匀、纤维覆盖均匀、阻隔性强、过滤性好以及纤维表面积大。含具有上述喜人性能的劈裂微纤维的纤网非常适合各种各样用途。例如，含这种劈裂微纤维的非织纤网极为适合用于包括用即弃制品，例如防护服、消毒包布、揩布以及吸收制品面层在内的多种用途。
作为本发明的另一种实施方案，该超细微纤维网可用于包含至少一层该劈裂微纤维网和至少一层附加的由其他织造或非织布或薄膜组成的层的层合物。为该层合物选择附加层的目的在于赋予额外的和/或补充的性能，例如质地及强度方面的性能。该层合物的各层可借助技术上已知适用于层合物结构的粘合方法粘合起来，形成整体结构，这些粘合方法例如有热粘合、超声粘合、粘合剂粘合或水力缠结法。
在授予Brock等人的美国专利4,041,203中公开了一种非常适合本发明的层合物结构，该专利全文收作本文的参考文献。在将美国专利4,041,203的公开内容借鉴到本发明的方案中，可生产一种包含至少一层例如纺粘纤网的连续长丝非织纤网，以及至少一层本发明超细劈裂微纤维网的花纹粘合层合物，于是此种层合物就将纺粘纤网的强度和质地性能与该劈裂微纤维网的可透气的阻隔性能集于一身。这种层合物结构非常适合包括各种接触皮肤的用途，如防护服、尿布面层、成人护理用品、训练裤及各种卫生巾、各种帘子在内的各种各样的用途。
本发明的又一种实施方案，即本发明的超细劈裂微纤维网，由于如下特性而非常适合作各种过滤介质：这种纤网含有超细纤维且纤维覆盖均匀，因此可提供十分理想的过滤性能。可作为本发明超细微纤维网应用借鉴的微纤维过滤介质概念的例子公开在，例如授予Vogt等人的美国专利4,824,451中，该专利全文收作本文的参考文献。
下面提供的实施例系用于说明的目的，然而本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例
测试程序：
Frazier透气性：Frazier透气性表示在0.5英寸水柱压力降条件下空气经每平方英尺介质以立方英尺/分表示的透过率，采用Frazier精密仪器公司制造的Frazier空气透气性测量仪测定，测定方法按照联邦测试方法5450，标准号191A。
接触角：该接触角是初始接触角，即在5秒钟之内的测定值，它是按照ASTM D724-89在13厘米x13厘米，厚3毫米的流延膜上用去离子水进行测定的。
实例1(Exl)
按照授予Butin等人的美国专利3,978,185所描述的方法成形了一种双组分熔喷纤维网，所不同的是，使用并列模板头，并且使用两台单螺杆挤塑机来加工这两种组分聚合物。纤网的熔喷纤维含有，以纤维总重量计，50％(重量)聚丙烯和50％(重量)尼龙6。该聚丙烯是Himont公司的HH441，而所使用的尼龙6则是专门聚合的聚己内酰胺，提供者：Nyltech公司，曼彻斯特，新罕布什尔，其甲酸相对粘度为1.85。这两种聚合物的溶解度参数之差大于5(卡/立方厘米3)1/2。该尼龙组分另外还含有2％(重量)乙氧基化聚硅氧烷，SF-19，由Mazer公司供应。这两种聚合物组分被喂入挤塑机并加工成455°F(235℃)的挤出物料。这两种挤出物被喂入模板，并加工为熔喷双组分纤维网。将熔喷纤网从成形表面上取下并在沸水中放置5秒钟。处理过的纤网随后进行干燥，然后放在显微镜下观察。另外，对该改性的尼龙组分组合物进行了亲水性测定，其接触角为约40°。
在显微镜下的观察揭示，在水处理期间熔喷纤维网的大部分纤维均裂开了。
对比例1(C1)
对比例1是纤网进行沸水处理之前的实例1的熔喷双组分纤维网。该非织纤网不含有明显可见的劈裂纤维。
对实例1和对比例1纤网所做目测观察证实，含亲水性组分聚合物的共轭微纤维，当用本发明的劈裂诱导介质处理时就会裂开。
实例2(Ex2)
按照实例1制作了熔喷双组分纤维网，所不同的是，尼龙组分含4％(重量)乙氧基化聚硅氧烷。该改性尼龙组分的接触角为约10°。测定了处理过的非织纤网的透气性，结果载于表1。
对比例2(C2)
对比例2是纤维进行沸水处理之前的实例2的熔喷双组分纤维网。其透气性结果载于表1。
表1
                 Frazier
实例             透气性
Ex2              240
C2               312
实例2试样在透气性上的显著下降清楚地证明，亲水改性的共轭微纤维当用热的含水原纤化诱导介质处理时便发生劈裂，形成含更多纤维细丝的纤网，从而改善了纤网的阻隔性能。
现在来看图片，图9是实例2纤网的范例断面扫描电子显微镜照片，而图10是对比例2纤网的范例断面扫描电子显微镜照片。图9显示出由圆形并列熔喷纤维产生的半圆形劈裂纤维，而图10则显示对比例2纤网的未劈裂双组分纤维。
正如从以上实例中可看出的，本发明超细劈裂微纤维生产方法提供自发劈裂的超细微纤维网。而且，由这种方法生产出的超细劈裂微纤维网可提供质地与物理性能之间非常满意的组合，这些性能包括可人的柔软、均匀的纤维覆盖、可人的强度性能、悬垂性、高阻隔性能、高过滤性能等。

Claims (23)

1.一种包含第一聚合物组分和第二聚合物组分的可劈裂微纤维，其中第一和第二聚合物组分沿断面占据界线分明的区段，并沿着所述微纤维的长度延伸，所述第一聚合物组分与所述第二聚合物组分不相容，且所述第一和第二聚合物组分中至少一种是亲水性的。
2.权利要求1的可劈裂微纤维，其中亲水性聚合物组分包含热塑性聚合物和亲水改性剂。
3.权利要求1的可劈裂微纤维，其中所述亲水性聚合物组分包含亲水性聚合物。
4.权利要求2的可劈裂微纤维，其中所述亲水改性剂是表面活性剂。
5.权利要求4的可劈裂微纤维，其中所述亲水性组分的初始接触角，按照ASTM D724-89测定，等于或小于约80°。
6.权利要求4的可劈裂微纤维，其中所述亲水性组分包含，以所述组分的总重量计，约0.1％～5％所述表面活性剂。
7.权利要求4的可劈裂微纤维，其中所述表面活性剂是短效表面活性剂。
8.权利要求4的可劈裂微纤维，其中所述热塑性聚合物是聚烯烃、聚酰胺或聚酯。
9.权利要求3的可劈裂微纤维，其中所述亲水性聚合物是己内酰胺与烯化氧二胺的共聚物。
10.权利要求4的可劈裂微纤维，其中所述第一聚合物组分包含聚乙烯，而所述第二聚合物组分包含聚酰胺或聚酯。
11.一种包含由熔喷纤维劈裂而成的纤维的超细微纤维网。
12.权利要求11的超细微纤维网，其中所述熔喷纤维包含第一聚合物组分和第二聚合物组分，其中第一和第二聚合物组分沿断面占据界线分明的区段，并沿着所述微纤维的长度延伸，所述第一聚合物组分与所述第二聚合物组分不相容，且所述第一和第二聚合物组分中至少一种是亲水性的。
13.权利要求12的超细微纤维网，其中亲水性聚合物组分包含热塑塑料和亲水改性剂或者包含亲水性聚合物。
14.权利要求13的超细微纤维网，其中所述亲水性聚合物组分的初始接触角，按照ASTM D724-89测定，等于或小于约80°。
15.权利要求13的超细微纤维网，其中所述亲水改性剂是表面活性剂，所述亲水性组分包含，以所述组分的总重量计，约0.1％～5％所述表面活性剂。
16.权利要求15的超细微纤维网，其中所述表面活性剂是短效表面活性剂。
17.权利要求16的超细微纤维网，其中所述表面活性剂被洗掉了，而所述劈裂微纤维是疏水性的。
18.一种包含权利要求12的超细微纤维网的过滤介质。
19.一种包含权利要求12的超细微纤维网的用即弃制品。
20.一种包含共混物的超细微纤维网，该共混物由包含第一聚合物的第一类劈裂超细微纤维和包含第二聚合物的第二类劈裂超细微纤维组成，其中这两类中至少一类的纤维是亲水性的。
21.一种包含由至少两类纤维组成的共混物的熔喷纤维网，其中每一类纤维各具有界线分明的断面配置。
22.权利要求21的熔喷纤维网，其中所述纤维是劈裂纤维。
23.一种生产劈裂超细熔喷纤维网的方法，该方法包括：
a)提供一种可劈裂熔喷纤维网，所述纤维网包含熔喷共轭纤维，所述熔喷共轭纤维包含第一聚合物和第二聚合物，其中该第一和第二聚合物沿断面占据界线分明的区段，并沿着纤维的长度延伸，所述第一聚合物与所述第二聚合物不相容，而所述第一和第二聚合物中至少一种是亲水性的，以及
b)让所述熔喷纤维网与热的含水劈裂诱导介质接触以使所述纤网的所述共轭纤维发生开裂。
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CN103189552A (zh) * 2010-10-25 2013-07-03 Skf公司 用于对润滑体系使用的亲水性组合物及使用其的装置和方法
CN104727015A (zh) * 2015-02-06 2015-06-24 宁波高新区零零七工业设计有限公司 熔喷非织造布的制备方法
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CN105771420A (zh) * 2016-05-24 2016-07-20 应城市天润产业用布有限责任公司 一种超细梯度滤料的生产方法
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DE69635691T2 (de) 2006-09-14
CA2236340A1 (en) 1997-06-19
KR100445769B1 (ko) 2004-10-15
EP0864006A2 (en) 1998-09-16
US6624100B1 (en) 2003-09-23
CA2236340C (en) 2005-07-26
WO1997021862A2 (en) 1997-06-19
DE69626303D1 (de) 2003-03-27
AU1160097A (en) 1997-07-03
BR9611827A (pt) 1999-09-28
DE69635691D1 (de) 2006-03-30
MX9803997A (es) 1998-09-30
AU711077B2 (en) 1999-10-07
EP1314808A2 (en) 2003-05-28
DE69626303T2 (de) 2003-12-11
EP1314808A3 (en) 2003-10-15
KR19990071772A (ko) 1999-09-27
WO1997021862A3 (en) 1997-08-28
EP1314808B1 (en) 2006-01-04
ES2188803T3 (es) 2003-07-01
EP0864006B1 (en) 2003-02-19
CN1080338C (zh) 2002-03-06

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