CN1212174A - 利用变压吸附分离气体混合物的方法 - Google Patents

利用变压吸附分离气体混合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN1212174A
CN1212174A CN98115974.5A CN98115974A CN1212174A CN 1212174 A CN1212174 A CN 1212174A CN 98115974 A CN98115974 A CN 98115974A CN 1212174 A CN1212174 A CN 1212174A
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皮埃尔·珀蒂
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

用于变压吸附装置中的分离方法,该吸附装置包括一个吸附器、两个出口容器和一个位于进口处的回转机械,在初始减压步骤(c－d)及随后的初始重新加压步骤(g－h)中回转式机械反转,这些初始步骤各细分为两个分步骤,在这两个分步骤中吸附器的出口只经历一种流动过程而吸附器进口则连续经历两个方向相反的流运过程,分别为不变方向的离开和进入。本发明尤其适用于从空气中生产氧气。

Description

利用变压吸附分离气体混合物的方法
本发明涉及在吸附装置中利用变压吸附分离气体混合物的方法，该吸附装置包括至少一个吸附器，该吸附器具有一个与回转式机械相连的进口和一个与产品气体容器和一循环容器相连的出口，该方法在一个循环中依次包括产生阶段、再生阶段和重新加压阶段。
以申请人公司的名义申请的EP-A-0743087专利中公开了一种这种类型的方法。
本发明的目的是提供一种改进的方法，该方法允许在不降低生产率的前提下在比能方面有所收益。
为此，根据本发明的一个特征，再生阶段包括一个初始的减压步骤，在该步骤中气体从吸附器被顺流抽出而后被送到循环容器，该步骤包括第一分步骤，在该分步骤中气体混合物随顺流送到吸附器中。
根据本发明的另一特征，重新加压阶段包括一个用一些取自所述容器中的气体使吸附器逆流重新加压的初始步骤，该步骤又包括第一分步骤，在该分步骤中气体从吸附器中随逆流抽出。
根据本发明的一方面，所述第一分步骤的结尾与回转式机械转动方向的反向相对应，也就是说回转式机械，当其从在压缩模式转变到抽空模式或从抽空模式转变到压缩模式时，转速经过零。
下面参照附图的描述可使本发明其它特征和优点更清楚，以下描述仅作为举例描述并不具有任何限制作用，其中附图包括：
图1是用于实施本发明方法的吸附装置的简图；
图2简要地示出了本发明方法的一个循环；
图3与图2相对应，示出了图2所示循环各阶段中回转式机械转速的变化过程。
图1示出了一种利用吸附作用，如上述欧洲专利EP-A-0743087中所描述的所谓VSA(真空变压吸附)方式来分离气体的装置。在以举例方式给出的实施例中，该装置主要包括一个结构大体垂直的吸附器1，该吸附器1具有一个与可反转回转式机械3永久相连的回复装置1(return)，回转式机械3比较典型的是罗茨机或多叶回转式机械。
吸附器1具有一出口4，该出口4可以有选择地经阀5与循环容器6相连并经阀7与产品气体容器9的入口8相连，该容器9具有可以与使用者的回路相连的出口10。
如图2所示，图1所示装置所采用的循环包括如下连续步骤：
a)(t0-t1)：给出口2(顺流)通入由机器3压缩的气体混合物而进行的纯重新加压步骤，机器3是用作压缩机而不从出口4抽取任何气体(阀5和7关闭)
b)(t1-t3)：直至循环高压的生产阶段，在待分离的气体混合物被持续顺流通入吸附器，同时将吸附器内的剩余气体部分经出口4抽出并被送到容器9，阀7打开
c+d)(t3-t5)：初始减压步骤，在该步骤中吸附器上部的现有气体经阀4被顺流抽出并送到容器6，阀5打开(阀7关闭)
e)(t5-t7)：经阀进口2的纯逆流减压过程，此时回转机械3被用作一个泵(阀5和7都关闭)
f)(t7-t9)：继续进行前一逆流排出步骤e)的冲洗步骤，用取自容器6的气体超量逆流冲洗吸附器，阀5打开
g)(t9-t12)：用取自容器9的产品气体经进口4逆流进行的初始重新加压步骤，阀7打开。
根据本发明的一方面，如图3所示，用作压缩机的回转式机械3的速度在步骤a)和大约步骤b)的前半程保持恒定(额定转速+Rn)。
从t1和t3之间的t2时刻起，回转式机械停止驱动，其转速逐渐减小直至时刻t3和t5之间也即在初始减压步骤中的t4时刻该速度为零。从t4时刻起，处于停止状态的回转式机械被驱动以相反方向旋转作为泵使用。其转速逐渐增加直到紧跟t5时刻即纯减压阶段e)的起点之后的t6时刻为止。从t5时刻到t8时刻，经过t7至t9时刻亦即冲洗步骤f)的开始部分之后，该转速保持恒定(额定转速-Rn)。
在t8时刻，回转式机械被停止驱动，其转速在t9时刻与t12时刻之间即第一重新加压步骤的开始部分中的t10时刻减小到零。
在t10时刻，回转式机械被驱动以相反方向转动以重新用作压缩机，其转速迅速增加直至达到额定转速Rn。
在t11时刻，此时刻仍处于t9-t12的阶段内，之后回转式机械的转速保持不变直到如图所示的t2时刻。
从图2中可以看到，这种驱动、释放、再驱动回转式机械的顺序具有如下效果，即第一减压步骤c+d)细分为第一分步骤c)(t3-t4)和第二分步骤d)，在步骤c)中伴随着自由气体部分向循环容器6的顺流抽出待分离的气体混合物被持续顺流通入，并且流速在t4时刻减小到零，在步骤d)中回转式机械已开始作为泵使用，伴随着顺流抽取，发生了一逆流抽空过程，该抽空过程在t5时刻以前逐渐加强，t5时刻后t7时刻之前阀5关闭。
同样，第一重新加压步骤g-h)(t9-t12)细分为第一分步骤g)和第二分步骤h)，在步骤g)中伴随着取自容器9的产品气体的逆流通入，经进口2发生了逆流排放，其流速在t10时刻减小到零，在t10时刻回转式机械反转开始并用作一个压缩机，回转式机械变为压缩机后重新加压依照取自容器9的产品气体的逆流方向、排放分离气体混合物的顺流方向在第二分步骤中一直持续贯穿两端直到用作压缩机的回转式机械达到全速即t12时刻为止。
本发明发现了一种利用沸石型吸附剂从空气中生产中等纯度氧气的特殊应用。图2所示循环通常对应于一持续时间不超过90秒的循环，该循环通常为70到80秒，同时循环高压不超过1.5×105帕，循环低压不超过0.5×105帕。

Claims (14)

1．在吸附装置中通过变压吸附来分离气体混合物的方法，所述吸附装置包括至少一个吸附器，该吸附器具有可与一回转式机械相连的进口和可与一产品气体容器和一循环容器相连的出口，该方法在一个循环内依次包括一个生产阶段、一再生阶段和一重新加压阶段，其特征在于：所述再生阶段包括初始减压步骤(c-d)，在该步骤中气体被顺流抽出吸附器并送到循环容器(6)，该步骤又包括第一分步骤(c)，在该分步骤(c)中要被分离的气体混合物随顺流送入所述吸附器。
2．如权利要求1中所述的方法，其特征在于：所述初始减压步骤(c-d)包括第二分步骤(d)，在该分步骤(d)中气体随所述吸附器中逆流抽出。
3．如权利要求1或2中所述的方法，其特征在于：第一分步骤(c)与第二分步骤(d)之间的变换对应于所述回转式机械(3)转动方向的反向。
4．如前述任一权利要求中所述的方法，其特征在于：所述重新加压阶段包括用取自一个所述容器的一些气体使所述吸附器逆流重新加压的初始步骤(g-h)，该步骤包括第一分步骤(g)，在该分步骤(g)中气体随逆流从所述吸附器中抽出。
5．如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于：所述初重新加压压步骤(g-h)包括第二分步骤(h)，在该分步骤(h)中要被分离的气体混合物随顺流送入所述吸附器。
6．如权利要求4和5中所述的方法，其特征在于：所述第一重新加压分步骤(g)和第二重新加压分步骤(h)之间的所述转变对应于所述回转式机械(3)转动方向的反向。
7．如权利要求4到6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：至少是在所述初始重新加压步骤(g-h)的第二分步骤(h)中，顺流重新加压气体从所述产品气体容器(9)中被取出。
8．如前述任一权利要求中所述的方法，其特征在于：所述再生阶段包括用取自所述循环容器(6)的气体进行的最后冲洗步骤(f)。
9．如权利要求8中所述的方法，其特征在于：所述再生阶段还包括吸附器的完全逆流减压的中间步骤(e)。
10．如权利要求8和9中所述的方法，其特征在于：所述回转式机械的速度在所述中间减压步骤(e)的大部分和所述冲洗步骤(f)的起始间段基本保持恒定。
11．如前述任一权利要求中所述方法，其特征在于：所述重新加压阶段包括用一些待分离的气体混合物进行的完全顺流重新加压步骤(a)。
12．如权利要求11中所述的方法，其特征在于：所述回转式机械的速度在所述完全重新加压步骤(a)中和在所述生产步骤(b)的开始部分中基本保持恒定。
13．如前述任一权利要求中所述的方法，其特征在于：所述循环(t0-t12)的持续时间不超过90秒。
14．如前述任一权利要求中所述的方法，用于从空气中生产氧气。
CN98115974.5A 1997-07-09 1998-07-08 利用变压吸附分离气体混合物的方法 Pending CN1212174A (zh)

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FR9708724A FR2765810B1 (fr) 1997-07-09 1997-07-09 Procede de separation d'un melange gazeux par adsorption a variation de pression
FR9708724 1997-07-09

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CN107249714A (zh) * 2014-12-30 2017-10-13 太平洋综合工业有限责任公司 利用滑动的反转风机吸附

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FR2765810A1 (fr) 1999-01-15
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EP0890387A1 (fr) 1999-01-13
CA2242528A1 (en) 1999-01-09
EP0890387B1 (fr) 2003-08-20
DE69817274T2 (de) 2004-07-01
FR2765810B1 (fr) 1999-08-13
US6010556A (en) 2000-01-04

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