CN1220461C - 具有充流体部件的鞋 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种鞋(80)有一充满流体的气囊(10)。气囊在顶面和底面包括一凹部(14a,14b)和一配合的嵌入件(12)。朝向内的凹部相互环绕并连接,并有一卵形。凹部结构通过在连接点提供一增加的接触面积从而提供一横向稳定力和一提高的剪切柔量。接触面积最好对应于凹部的形状。各凹部接受有一相应形状的嵌入件。嵌入件被设计随压缩负载而压扁,然后恢复形状。各嵌入件和凹部的外形便于压扁。卵形的两端有不同的硬度,从而一端响应小的压缩负载先于另一端压扁。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及鞋类,具体涉及鞋底缓冲件。该缓冲件具体是充流体的部件,具有许多支承件,该支承件被作成在响应压缩负载时可以有区别地压缩,并可以提供改进的剪切力顺从性。
背景技术
缓冲件采用充流体的气囊例如采用用在鞋底中的气囊,现在已进行大量工作来改进缓冲件的结构。虽然最近在材料和制作方法上已有很大发展,充流体的气囊在通用性方面已有很大改进,但要获得最佳的缓冲性能和增加耐用性仍存在一些问题。
充气气囊的优点之一是作为缓冲物质的气体其有效活力一般大于通常用在运动鞋底上的开孔式泡塑的活力。用在中间鞋底上的典型开孔式泡塑是乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)泡塑。在很多运动鞋中,整个中间鞋底由EVA构成。
简单充气气囊使气体全都分布在气囊内,可响应压缩负载形成均匀的缓冲。充气气囊一般也由泡塑缓冲,对于倾斜作用的压缩负载可提供必需的横向稳定性,在要求推撞运动的活动中可能发生这种倾斜作用负载。另外,简单充气气囊不能形成任何装置来调节缓冲特性或定作缓冲特性,使得在需要时可以获得更柔软或更具韧性的区域。可以这样形成气囊和充气,使得分立的气室处于不同的压力。Potter等的美国专利No.5353459公开了这种气囊,此专利已作为参考文献包括在本文中。
作为参考文献包含在本文中的Skaja等的美国专利No.5572804公开一种鞋底构件,在该鞋底构件的顶部和底部件包括朝内的凹部。支承部件或嵌入件可以控制材料的压缩而在构件上形成缓冲区域和稳定区域。该嵌入件被作成为可伸入凹部的朝外敞开的表面内。凹部可形成在顶部件和底部件中的一个或两个部件上。该凹入部分彼此靠近,并可以以固定的或不固定的方式彼此结合。在Skaja的专利中,凹部一般为半球形,对中心正交轴是对称的。凹部的外部形状即气囊构件表面上形成的形状是圆形。嵌入件的形状与凹部形状相同。
半球形凹部和匹配的支承件或嵌入件响应压力的方式是沿中心点对称地被压缩。尽管Skaja的半球形凹部和嵌入件可通过布局、改变尺寸和材料改变一些缓冲特性,但仍然不能在加载时沿要求的方向控制压缩或压扁,或使压缩或压扁偏向一方。
作为参考文献包含在本文中的Huang的美国专利No.4670995也公开一种鞋底构件,该构件由朝内的凹部构成。该凹部模压成柔性的顶部和底部片。该顶部片和底部片的外周被粘接,顶部凹部和底部凹部彼此对接和接合,使得底部片和顶部片隔开一定距离,形成密封的空气垫。对接的凹部提供一定程度的垂直支承,在增加负载时凹部弯曲。
另外,运动鞋鞋底将承受很重的急冲式压力负载和侧向应力,这取决于所设计鞋的用途。例如球场运动如网球和蓝球运动必然伴有很快的左右运动、跳跃和推撞。设计用于这种运动的鞋必须提供侧向支承,并具有可以承受倾斜负载和这种倾斜负载伴有的剪切应力的鞋底。对于跑鞋也必须提供侧向支承,以防止过分的旋前或旋后,对于这种跑鞋几乎全是周期性加载于缓冲元件,这种加载从起始定侧部触地开始,然后是自然旋前,再后是旋后,足尖离地。跑鞋的缓冲元件还容易遭受从侧边到中间方向以及从脚尖到后跟的剪切应力。
在鞋底构件的底部和顶部形成半圆形凹部时,这些凹部彼此对接,并用焊接法、粘接法和其它方法使其彼此连接。邻接另一凹部的半球形凹部的曲面稍微平一些,以形成连接区域。该连接区域或焊接区域的尺寸定为适合凹部的尺寸,在凹部为半球形时该焊接区域相当小。结果,在受到剪切应力时该焊接区域便成为鞋底构件的弱化区域,因此为增加使用寿命希望改进鞋底的剪切刚性。
发明内容
本发明涉及鞋类和鞋底的气囊(bladder),该气囊可以择优地压缩和回复。本发明气囊可装在鞋制品的鞋底组件内,以提供缓冲作用。气囊中包含大气压力的流体或增压流体。本发明气囊通过在顶表面和底表面上成形和布置凹部或载带件以及匹配的嵌入件可以确保择优的压缩和选择性缓冲作用。
本发明克服了先有技术遇到的问题,包括克服在剪切负载作用下易发生事故的问题。
按照本发明的一个方面,气囊用阻挡材料制作,在其顶面和/或底面上具有凹部。当在两个面上形成凹部时,该凹部彼此对接,并在连接区域中彼此连接。在气囊的顶面或底面上,该凹部为卵形,因此对至少一个轴是不对称的。
凹部中的至少一些凹部和最好是各个凹部可以接收具有相应形状的嵌入件。该嵌入件设计成可响应压力负载而压缩,然后恢复到原有形状。各对嵌入件和凹部的外形最好作成为卵形,以便在预定方向择优地被压缩。即卵形的两端对压力具有不同的刚性。其一端和另一端相比可响应较小的压力负载而压缩。这造成与另一端相比一端感觉更柔软。这样,在气囊中配置嵌入件和凹部便可获得最有利的响应特性。
在对接凹部之间的连接区域或焊接区域其表面积大于先有技术半球形凹部之间的焊接区域。该焊接区域成形为对应于嵌入件的形状,这有利于稳定性,并且更能承受倾斜负载和偏心负载,这些负载以剪切力的形式作用在焊接区域上。
气囊用多孔材料制作,并被适当成形,以便布置在鞋底构件上。气囊具有许多用于接收嵌入物的凹部。嵌入件和凹部的组合件配置在气囊中,使得可以形成要求的缓冲形式以及响应预期压力负载的支承作用。该缓冲形式取决于所设计鞋的用途。
本发明的鞋可以将气囊装在沿鞋底长度的任何位置,并根据在所设计鞋的用途中足在鞋底某区域上典型的运动定位优先压缩的凹部和嵌入件。在例示的例子中,气囊定位在鞋底的后跟,凹部和嵌入件配置成有利于在跑步期间的侧向后跟冲击和后跟的旋前。
下面参考附图详细说明本发明的优选实施例,由此可以更完全地理解本发明的这些以及其它的特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明后足气囊和嵌入件的透视图;
图2是图1所示气囊的顶视平面图;
图3A是图1所示气囊的侧视图,局部示出沿图2的3A-3A线截取的截面;
图3B是图1所示气囊的侧视图,局部示出沿图2的3B-3B线截取的截面;
图4A是图1所示的嵌入件从凸面侧看去的平面图;
图4B是图1所示的嵌入件从凹入侧看去的平面图;
图5是图4A嵌入件的侧视图;
图6是沿图4A的6-6线截取的嵌入件的横截面图;
图7是图4A嵌入件的前视图;
图8是图4A嵌入件的后视图;
图9是分解透视图,示出鞋底上加有图2所示气囊的鞋制品。
具体实施方式
下面参考图1~3B所示的后跟气囊(或软囊)10、图1和4A~8所示的嵌入件12以及图9所示的鞋80说明本发明。参考图1~3,气囊10是一种弹性部件,包括上表面13和下表面15,这些表面彼此间隔开。上、下表面13和15沿其周缘彼此相向弯曲,并相连接,共同形成气囊10的侧面17。气囊10最好按常规方式用吹塑法制作。气囊10最好用有弹性的热塑性合成橡胶阻挡膜制作例如用聚酯型聚氨酯、聚醚型聚氨酯制作,例如用铸件或肖氏硬度为80-95的挤压的酯基聚氨酯膜制作,例如用Tetra Plasticl TPW-250制作。也可以用其它合适材料,例如Rudy专利’156中公开的材料制作。制造膜层特别有用的许多热塑性尿烷中有尿烷例如Pellethane(密执安州Midland市Dow Chemical Company公司的注册商标产品)、Elastollan(BASF公司的注册商标产品)和ESTANE(B.F Goodrich公司的注册商标制品),所有这些产品或者是酯的或者是酯基的,已证明特别有效。也可应用基于聚酯、聚醚、聚己酸内酯和聚碳酸酯大粒凝胶的热塑性尿烷。其它适用材料包括:含有晶体材料的热塑性膜例如已作为参考文献包含在本文中的Rudy的美国专利4936029和5042176中所公布的;含有聚酯多元醇的聚氨酯例如已作为参考包含在本文中的Bonk等的美国专利6013340中公开的;或者由至少一层弹性热塑性材料组成的多层膜和由乙烯和乙烯醇共聚物组成的阻挡材料层例如在Mitchell等的美国专利5952065中公布的,此专利也作为参考文献包含在本文中。
气囊10具有许多卵形支承凹部14a、14b,这些凹部对接地形成在顶面和底面上。每个凹部起接收嵌入件12的载体作用。嵌入件12的形状可匹配地对应于接收它的凹部的形状。因为有这种匹配关系,所以对一个的形状描述适用于另一个的形状。
凹部14a、14b对接地形成在气囊10上,如图3A和3B所示。对接凹部之间的连接区域或焊接区域16形成气囊厚度的中间。尽管图1中只在一个凹部14a的上面示出一个嵌入件,但嵌入件12可以放在所有凹部14a和14b中或选出数目的凹部14a和14b中,这取决于所需要的支承量。
下面参考三条轴线说明嵌入件的几何形状,这只是为了便于说明。三条轴线表示图4B,该图是从凹侧看去的嵌入件的平面图。该凹侧是将嵌入件配置在凹部内时面向外的一侧,而凸侧接着凹部表面。由于嵌入件在图1中的取向,嵌入件的这两侧在本文中有时说成顶部侧或底部侧。
参考图4B,嵌入件/凹部的纵轴线标为Y轴,横轴线标为X轴,而正交轴线标为Z轴。为清楚起见,图7中又标出Z轴。
在嵌入件的平面图中,其形状大体为卵形或蛋形,包括两个曲率半径不同的端部。和鸡蛋一样,曲率半径较大的一端看起来更圆一些,而曲率半径较小的一端看起来更尖一些。为便于说明,对嵌入件/凹部形状的说明,常用术语圆端18和尖端20。因为有这两个结构上不同的端部,所以在平面图中,嵌入件12以及凹部14a和14b仅对纵轴对称。即对横轴和正交轴它们是不对称的。这与先有技术的半球形嵌入件和凹部不同,先有技术中它们对所有三条轴均是对称的。
除平面图上对横轴不对称外,嵌入件和凹部的垂直剖面被设计成具有特殊几何形状,以便择优地压缩嵌入件。如图7和8清楚示出的,横向垂直剖面从靠近圆端18的半圆形过渡到靠近尖端20的一部分椭圆。如图5和6清楚示出的,嵌入件的纵向垂直剖面从形成尖端20端壁的几乎垂直面24逐渐过渡到几乎是平的最上端面22,然后结束于倾斜面26,此倾斜面是圆端18的椭圆的一部分。
因为嵌入件结构的特殊性,所以在压缩时嵌入件的圆端18更易压缩,而尖端20则更具刚性。要压扁尖端20则要用增加的压缩力。对于穿鞋人而言便感觉到圆端18比尖端20更软。在将嵌入件配置在气囊上时,可以利用压力响应性的差别来优化气囊的缓冲作用和支承响应性。例如,在特定部位预期有突然的高压力负载的地方配置嵌入件12的圆端18,由于圆端更容易压缩和弯曲,因而可吸收这种冲击,使穿鞋人感觉受到缓冲。即,对于一定的加载,国端18比尖端20更易压缩,可以较长时间内分散冲击力,因而造成只有较小的冲击力作用在人的足上。圆端18因此比尖端20形成更强的缓冲作用,而尖端20比圆端18提供了更大的稳定性。
在优选实施例中,图2的后跟气囊10装在左跑鞋上,侧后部27和后端28趋向于吸收脚击地引起的初始冲击力。凹部和嵌入件被布置成圆端18最靠近侧后部27和后端28,从而在后跟着地时被压缩,使穿鞋人受到缓冲,而比较刚性的尖端20则指向后跟气囊10的中心,以缓冲和稳定负载。沿着后跟气囊10的更靠前的侧边缘和中间边缘,配置凹部和嵌入件,使其尖端最靠近这些边缘,而圆端则朝着中心。因为尖端更具刚性,所以这种结构提供了侧部和中部的稳定性,可防止过分的旋前或旋后,而在跟骨下面的后跟中心区则由圆端18增强缓冲作用。
图9是鞋制品的分解透视图,鞋80中装有后跟气囊10。鞋80由覆盖穿者脚的上部鞋帮75和鞋底组件85组成。鞋底组件85包括嵌入上部鞋帮75的软保护垫或鞋垫70、固定在鞋帮75底面上的中间鞋底60和固定在该中间鞋底60底部上的外鞋底65。具有一个或多个嵌入件12(图中只示出一个)的气囊10,如图示意示出的,最好装在鞋底组件85内。气囊10可利用常规方法例如泡塑封装法或配置在泡塑中间鞋底的切口部分内而装入到中间鞋底60内。在Rudy的美国专利No.4219945中公开了一种适用的泡塑封装法,此专利已作为参考文献包含在本文中。
可以根据制作后跟气囊10的原理定作不同用途鞋的气囊。圆端部配置在承受高负载的位置,而尖端配置在需要稳定性的位置。
有助于气囊稳定性和耐用性的另一因素是对接凹部之间的连接区域的相对尺寸和形状。平的顶表面22可提供较大的表面积,便于连接气囊的顶面和底面。比较大的焊接区域或连接区域16更能阻止由倾斜压力负载引起的剪切事故,并且还允许将卵形凹部定位在比先有技术凹部更靠近气囊边缘的地方,因为卵形凹部端部更深的深度使得接合区可以更靠近气囊的边缘。如附图所示,结合区成形为对应于卵形形状,这也有利于气囊的稳定性和耐用性,因为以剪切力作用于气囊的倾斜负载或者沿接合区的纵轴或沿横轴作用。在任一种情况下,卵形结合区和常规半球形凹部的圆形或点接合区域相比均增加了抗剪切事故的能力。
气囊10可被密封,使空气或其它流体保持在大气压下,或者可以加压密封,适合的流体例如为六氟乙烷、六氟化硫、氮气、空气或其它气体如上述Rudy的专利′156、′945、′092,或′176中、或Mitchell等的专利′065中所公开的气体。如果增压,则利用针头或空心熔接工具以常规方式将气体或流体经充气管11注入气囊10。充气后在气囊主体12和充气管11的结合处密封气囊,并切去管子11的其余部分。或者利用空心熔接工具沿充气点密封管子11。
影响嵌入件响应特性的因素之一是制造嵌入件的材料,理解嵌入件物理特性需从理解鞋底气囊构件中气体作用和性能开始。作为缓冲介质的气体具有很强的活力,即它可以从压缩状态很快复原。在本发明气囊中,凹部占有的体积使气囊中气体的总体积减小。因为作为一种活力很强介质的气体可被排出凹部,所以嵌入件也必须是活力很强的,足以显示与气体缓冲作用相似的缓冲特性,嵌入件最好用活力极强的材料制作,即滞后损耗低的材料使得嵌入件可以迅速恢复到其不受压力的状态而没有能量损失。
在优选实施例中,气囊由聚氨酯膜构成,而嵌入件用尼龙基聚合物制作,例如用法国巴黎Atochem公司制造的Pebax 3533制作。尼龙基聚合物是活力很高的,在形变后可以很快复原。
由于在气囊和嵌入件中加入气体,所以优选实施例的响应性约80%是机械的,20%是气动的。
设计嵌入件的参数中,改变和调节响应性特性的最灵敏参数是厚度。根据预期的负载或偶发性的还是周期性的负载类型来确定厚度。例如蓝球鞋嵌入件的厚度应比跑鞋嵌入件厚,因为篮球运动员一般更重,在弹跳时加载达到其体重的5~7倍,而赛跑运动员体重一般较轻,其加载只是其体重的2-3倍。对于不同的运动,厚度的一般范围在0.5~3.0mm之间。
从前面的详细说明,技术人员可以明显看出本发明的许多变化、改型和变型。然而我们认为,所有这些改变不会违背本发明的精神,可以认为这些改变均属于仅由本文所附权利要求书确定的本发明的范围内。
Claims (22)
1.一种用于鞋底的充流体缓冲部件,包括装流体的外壁,该外壁具有至少一个上述外壁上形成的可形变凹部,该凹部通到上述外壁的外表面,上述凹部具有在上述外表面上确定的纵轴、横轴和正交轴,并对上述纵轴、横轴和正交轴中的至少一个轴是不对称的。
2.如权利要求1所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,还包括在上述缓冲件的上述外壁上的许多上述凹部。
3.如权利要求1所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,上述凹部配置在上述外壁的顶面上。
4.如权利要求1所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,上述凹部配置在上述外壁的底面上。
5.如权利要求1所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,上述凹部配置在上述外壁的顶面上,对应的凹部配置在上述外壁的底面上,并与上述项面上的上述凹部对接。
6.如权利要求5所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,上述对接凹部在连接区域连接。
7.如权利要求6所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,上述连接区域的形状对应于上述缓冲件平面上的凹部形状。
8.如权利要求5所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,还包括多个在上述缓冲件的顶面和底面上的对接凹部。
9.如权利要求1所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,上述凹部在外表面上形成卵形形状,具有第一和第二端部,上述第一端部与上述第二端部相比可在更低的压力负载下形变。
10.如权利要求9所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,上述卵形包括在上述第一端的第一弧和在上述第二端的第二弧,上述第一弧的曲率半径大于上述第二弧的曲率半径。
11.如权利要求9所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,还包括多个上述凹部。
12.如权利要求11所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,上述凹部配置在上述缓冲件的顶面上。
13.如权利要求11所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,上述凹部配置在上述缓冲件的底面上
14.如权利要求11所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,上述凹部配置在顶面上,相应的凹部配置在底面上,并与上述顶面上的凹部对接。
15.如权利要求14所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,上述对接凹部在连接区域连接。
16.如权利要求15所述的充流体缓冲件,其特征在于,上述连接区域形成卵形形状。
17.如权利要求11所述的充流体缓冲件,其构形可以嵌入鞋制品鞋底的后跟区域,其特征在于,在后跟侧部配置至少一个上述凹部的第一端,使该端靠近上述缓冲件的外侧。
18.如权利要求1所述的充流体缓冲件,该缓冲件与鞋制品联用,该鞋制品包括上部鞋帮和固定于上述上部鞋帮的鞋底,其特征在于,上述充流体缓冲件是上述鞋底的一部分。
19.一种嵌入上述鞋底充流体缓冲件内的弹性支承件,上述支承件用弹性材料制作,在压力负载下可发生形变,而且在去掉压力负载后回复到其原来形状,上述支承件具有纵轴、横轴和正交轴,而且对上述纵轴、横轴和正交轴中的至少一个轴是不对称的。
20.如权利要求19所述的支承件,其特征在于,上述支承件为卵形结构,具有第一和第二端,上述第一端与上述第二端相比可在更低的压力负载下形变。
21.如权利要求20所述的支承件,其特征在于,上述卵形结构包括在上述第一端的第一弧和在上述第二端的第二弧,上述第一弧的曲率半径大于上述第二弧的曲率半径。
22.如权利要求19所述的支承件,该支承件与充流体缓冲件和鞋制品联用,其特征在于,上述支承件嵌入上述充流体缓冲件的凹部内,而上述充流体缓冲件是上述鞋制品的鞋底的一部分。
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-
2000
- 2000-03-16 US US09/526,315 patent/US6374514B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-03-15 AU AU2001247430A patent/AU2001247430A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-15 WO PCT/US2001/008204 patent/WO2001070063A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-03-15 DE DE10191081.9T patent/DE10191081B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-15 CN CNB018009441A patent/CN1220461C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101861106B (zh) * | 2007-11-19 | 2012-01-04 | 耐克国际有限公司 | 不同硬度的冲击衰减构件及包括该构件的产品 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2001070063A3 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
CN1386052A (zh) | 2002-12-18 |
DE10191081B4 (de) | 2017-06-01 |
DE10191081T5 (de) | 2008-02-28 |
US6374514B1 (en) | 2002-04-23 |
WO2001070063A2 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
AU2001247430A1 (en) | 2001-10-03 |
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