CN1266513C - 用于单阶光栅光阀式投影系统的有角度照明 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种显示装置在显示屏幕上投影一个二维图像，并且包括照明光学器件、光调制器、分离光学器件和扫描光学器件。光调制器被光学耦合到照明光学器件，使得照明光学器件在操作中按离轴照明照射光调制器，还使得光调制器将光引导到一个用于明亮像素的光轴上，从而形成在轴光，并且引导光离开暗像素的光轴，从而形成离轴光。分离光学器件被耦合到光调制器，并且分离离轴光与在轴光，在轴光产生由投影和扫描光学器件显示的实图像和虚图像。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到图像投影仪领域。本发明具体涉及的领域是用于单阶光栅光阀式投影系统的有角度照明。
背景技术
近年来业已开发了采用MEMS(微机电系统)技术的光调制器，在其中可以配置用来引导光的可移动元件。此类光调制器的一个例子是Bloom等人的美国专利U.S.5,311,360中揭示的光栅光阀(GLV)，GLV可以按反射模式和衍射模式来配置。在图1中示意性表示由Bloom等人提出的GLV。GLV10包括悬在衬底14之上的可移动的伸长元件12。
图2A表示现有技术中GLV10的第一侧视图，图中按反射模式表示GLV10。每一个可移动的伸长元件12包括第一反射涂层16。在可移动的伸长元件12之间散布有第二反射涂层18。按照反射模式，第一和第二反射涂层16和18的上表面被分开入射光I的半波长λ/2的高度差。从第二反射涂层18反射的入射光I比从第一反射涂层16反射的入射光I多传播一个整波长。这样，从第一和第二反射涂层16和18反射的入射光I就会从构造上组合成反射光R。因此，按照反射模式的GLV10就产生反射光R。
图2B表示现有技术中GLV10的第二侧视图，图中按衍射模式表示GLV。为了从反射模式过渡到衍射模式，可移动的伸长元件12与衬底14之间的静电位使可移动的伸长元件12移动并接触到衬底14。为了保持衍射模式，静电位要保持可移动的伸长元件12顶住衬底14。按照衍射模式，第一和第二反射涂层16和18的上表面被分开入射光I的四分之一波长λ/4。从第二反射涂层18反射的入射光I比从第一反射涂层16反射的入射光I多传播半个波长。这样，从第一和第二反射涂层16和18反射的入射光I就会相消干涉而产生衍射。这种衍射包括加一衍射阶D+1和减一衍射阶D-1。因此，按照衍射模式的GLV10就产生加一和减一衍射阶D+1和D-1。
图3A和3B表示现有技术中GLV的第一种变形。第一变形的GLV10A包括与第二伸长元件23相互交叉的第一伸长元件22。第一伸长元件22包括第三反射涂层26；第二伸长元件23包括第四反射涂层28。按照图3A所示的反射模式，第三和第四反射涂层26和28被维持在相同的高度，以产生反射光R。按照图3B所示的衍射模式，第三和第四反射涂层26和28被分开入射光I的四分之一波长λ/4的第二高度差，以产生包括加一和减一衍射阶D+1和D-1的衍射。
在Bloom等人的美国专利U.S.5,982,553中揭示了采用GLV的一种显示系统。该显示系统包括红、绿、蓝激光器，一个分色镜组，照明光学器件，GLV，施特仑光学器件，投影光学器件，扫描镜，和用来将彩色图像投影到显示屏幕上的显示电子器件。由显示电子器件驱动并被耦合到GLV(通过分色镜组和照明光学器件)的红、绿、蓝激光器，依次用红、绿、蓝色照明照射GLV。由显示电子器件驱动的GLV产生一个像素的线性阵列，它响应来自显示电子器件的信号随时间而改变，每一个像素在一个给定的瞬时按反射模式或衍射模式来配置。这样，GLV就能用处在反射模式或衍射模式的红、绿、蓝像素的每一个产生顺序的红、绿、蓝像素线性阵列。
然后将红、绿、蓝像素耦合到施特仑光学器件，它阻塞反射模式并且至少允许加一和减一衍射阶D+1和D-1通过施特仑光学器件。在通过施特仑光学器件之后，红、绿、蓝像素的线性阵列具有对应于GLV中处在衍射模式的那些像素的亮像素，和对应于GLV中处在反射模式的那些像素的暗像素。投影光学器件(通过扫描镜)将红、绿、蓝像素的线性阵列投影到显示屏幕上，同时由显示电子器件驱动的扫描镜横跨显示屏幕扫描红、绿、蓝像素的线性阵列。这样，显示系统就能在显示屏幕上产生一个二维彩色图像。
采用GLV的另一种显示系统包括红、绿、蓝激光器；红、绿、蓝照明光学器件；第一，第二和第三GLV；分色镜组；投影光学器件；扫描镜；和显示电子器件。红、绿、蓝激光器；通过红、绿、蓝照明光学器件分别照明第一，第二和第三GLV。第一，第二和第三GLV响应来自显示电子器件的信号分别产生红、绿、蓝像素的线性阵列。分色镜组将红、绿、蓝像素的线性阵列引导到施特仑光学器件，它至少允许加一和减一衍射阶D+1和D-1通过施特仑光学器件。投影光学器件通过扫描镜将红、绿、蓝像素的线性阵列投影到显示屏幕上，同时由显示电子器件驱动的扫描镜横跨显示屏幕扫描红、绿、蓝像素的线性阵列。这样，另一种显示系统就在显示屏幕上产生二维彩色图像。
GLV式显示系统的应用实例包括家庭娱乐系统，会议室用途，和电影院用途等等。在家庭娱乐系统或会议室用途中，GLV式显示系统将二维彩色图像投影到装在墙上的显示屏幕上。在电影院用途中，GLV式显示系统将来自显示放映室的二维彩色图像投影到电影屏幕上。
GLV式显示系统还可以用于印刷用途。在这种情况下，系统中不包括扫描镜，并且使代替屏幕的印刷介质移动以便由固定的光线来实现印刷。
上述GLV式显示系统按照±衍射阶投射光。从理论上说，如果光被过滤成两个衍射阶，能够投射或反射的最大光通量仅有入射光束的81％。此类系统所面临的另一问题是需要有更加复杂的分离光学器件配置或施特仑光学器件。在这种将光过滤成两个独立衍射阶的系统中，分离光学系统必须有两个狭缝来自接收这两阶。这种配置需要一组复杂的光学器件来适当分离这两阶。
实施这种GLV式系统的再一个缺点是要求GLV产生宽锥体的光。在一个按照±1衍射阶产生光的系统中，GLV和投影屏幕之间的所有光学器件必须具有低F数以便收集大量的光。这意味着光学器件必须有较高的光通过量，因而需要较大的透镜。较大的透镜捕捉更多的光，包括额外的背景光，因此，产生的图像对比度较低，图像不够清晰。另外，较大的透镜势必价格昂贵。
需要有一种能够实现衍射光调制器的显示系统，既能按单一衍射阶投射光，又能提供较高的对比度。这种系统允许较大百分数的入射光能够按衍射阶投射。仅仅采用一个衍射阶的光调制器也能实现较为简单且廉价的分离光学器件配置。另外，采用这种光调制器不再要求所有光学器件具有低F数和高光通过量，从而降低系统的整体成本。
发明内容
本发明是用来为单阶光栅光阀式投影系统提供有角度照明的一种显示装置和方法。这种显示装置和方法包括一个与照明光学器件光学耦合的光调制器，使得照明光学器件在操作中按离轴照明照射光调制器，并且使得光调制器在操作中对于亮像素将光引导到光轴上，从而形成在轴光。进而，对于暗像素，光调制器引导光离开光轴，从而形成离轴光。
用来为单阶光栅光阀式投影系统提供有角度照明的这种显示装置和方法还包括与光调制器光学耦合的分离光学器件，使得分离光学器件在操作中将离轴光与在轴光分离，用在轴光产生一个二维图像，在最佳实施例中是一个实图像。二维图像也可以是一种虚图像。
最后，该装置和方法还包括与分离光学器件光学耦合的投影和扫描光学器件。
附图说明
图1表示现有技术中光栅光阀(GLV)的示意图。
图2表示现有技术的GLV的侧视图。
图3表示现有技术中另一种GLV的侧视图。
图4的示意图表示本发明的显示装置。
图5表示本发明的显示光学器件的平面图。
图6表示本发明的显示光学器件的正面图，显示光学器件在图中沿着光轴展开。
具体实施方式
在图4中示意性表示了本发明的一种显示系统。显示系统40包括显示光学器件42和显示电子器件44。显示光学器件42包括激光器46，照明光学器件48，闪耀光栅光阀(BGLV)50，分离光学器件52，投影和扫描光学器件56，以及显示屏幕58。显示电子器件44被耦合到激光源46，BGLV50，以及投影和扫描光学器件56。
有关BGLV50的细节请参见同一申请人的待审的美国专利申请第09/930,838号，发明名称为BLAZED GRATING LIGHT VALVE和同一申请人的待审的美国专利申请第09/930,820号，发明名称为STRESS TUNEDBLAZED GRATING LIGHT VALVE。发明名称为BLAZED GRATING LIGHT VALVE的美国专利申请第09/930,838号和发明名称为STRESS TUNED BLAZEDGRATING LIGHT VALVE的美国专利申请第09/930,820号也被列为本申请的参考资料。
显示电子器件44为激光器46供电。激光器46发射激光照明。照明光学器件48将激光照明聚焦到BGLV50上。BGLV50位于第一图像平面60内。显示电子器件44控制BGLV50。BGLV50调制激光照明，为像素的线性阵列形成反射光或衍射光。分离光学器件52将反射光与衍射光分离，以便至少允许有效的第一衍射阶通过分离光学器件52。
显示电子器件44驱动投影和扫描光学器件56的扫描镜。投影和扫描光学器件56将行图像投影到显示屏幕58上，并且横跨显示屏幕58扫描行图像，以便在显示屏幕58上形成一个二维图像。显示屏幕58位于第三图像平面64内。
在图5和6中进一步表示本发明的显示光学器件42。图5表示显示光学器件42的平面图。图6表示显示光学器件42的正面图，显示光学器件42在图中沿着光轴70展开。激光器46在离轴98上发射激光照明72。照明光学器件包括线生成透镜或鲍威尔透镜74，准直透镜76，和柱面透镜78。准直透镜76可以平移，在离开照明光学器件48时，会使光束倾斜而离开光轴98。对每一种彩色的照明按不同量平移准直透镜76就能实现这一可变的照明角度。以下对于12.75微米光栅间距表示了每一种彩色的理想角度：
| 波长(nm) | 衍射/照明角度 |
| 红620nm绿532nm蓝457nm | 2.8°2.4°2.05° |
衍射/照明角度随着光栅间距可有所不同，这对于本领域的技术人员是显而易见的。
照明光学器件48按照具有一定聚焦宽度的聚焦线将激光照明72聚焦到BGLV50上。应该指出，图5所示的激光照明72按照45°入射角照射BGLV50。理想的入射角是最小的入射角，它允许激光照明72照射BGLV50，同时还允许反射和衍射光到达分离光学器件52。其他光学器件结构也可以用来为BGLV50照明，这对于本领域的技术人员是显而易见的。本发明有关透镜的描述还不仅限于单一部件透镜，可以用复合透镜或反射光学元件替代任何给定的透镜，这对于本领域的技术人员同样是显而易见的。
BGLV50沿着聚焦线作为像素的线性阵列来调制激光照明72，以形成反射光D0或衍射光，包括每一个像素的有效第一衍射阶D1。BGLV50最好产生1,080像素的线性阵列。用BGLV50也可以产生或多或少于1,080的像素。应该指出，图6表示用来说明两个像素的反射光D0和有效第一衍射阶D1。如果一个给定像素被调制成反射光，就会出现反射光D0，而不会出现有效第一衍射阶D1。反之，如果给定像素被调制成衍射光，就会出现有效第一衍射阶D1，而不会出现反射光D0。在有些情况下，为了降低给定像素在最终图像中的亮度，以便在最终图像中提供灰度效果，需要调制给定的像素产生反射光D0和有效第一衍射阶D1。能够在第一状态下使光离轴并在第二状态下使光在轴的其他光调制器可以用来替代本发明的BGLV50，这对于本领域的技术人员是显而易见的。
仍然参见图5，施特仑光学器件52包括位于第一和第二中继透镜82和84之间的条纹挡板80。条纹挡板80阻挡反射光R并且允许有效第一衍射阶D1通过条纹挡板80。条纹挡板80最好是位于第一转换面85内。或是使条纹挡板80位于第一转换面85附近。
投影和扫描光学器件56包括投影透镜86和扫描镜88。投影透镜86通过扫描镜88将行图像90投影到显示屏幕58上。投影透镜86还修整显示屏幕58上横跨行图像宽度92的具有空间相位变化的波阵面。扫描镜88最好位于第二转换面94附近。
扫描镜88以第一扫描运动A移动，这样，以第二扫描运动B横跨显示屏幕58来扫描行图像90。第一扫描运动A最好是锯齿扫描运动，扫描周期的第一部分照亮显示屏幕58，而扫描周期的第二部分使扫描镜88返回到扫描周期的起点。通过横跨显示屏幕58反复扫描行图像90就能在显示屏幕58上形成二维图像。本领域的技术人员容易看出也可以用其他扫描运动横跨显示屏幕58来扫描行图像90。本领域的技术人员同样容易看出可以用一种透射扫描设备例如是具有零光功率的物镜扫描仪代替扫描镜88。
当行图像90横跨显示屏幕58扫描时，BGLV50调制像素的线性阵列，由此产生由像素的矩形阵列构成的二维图像。对于高清晰度电视(HDTV)格式，当行图像90横跨显示屏幕58扫描时，BGLV50调制1,920次。这样，BGLV50优选地产生构成HDTV格式二维图像的1,920×1,080矩形阵列。对于其他图像格式，BGLV50当行图像90横跨显示屏幕58扫描时调制的次数比1,920次或多或少，这取决于所要显示的是哪一种图像格式。
当行图像宽度92横跨显示屏幕58扫描时，具有空间相位变化的波阵面随时间产生多重斑点图形。多重斑点图形减少了肉眼或是光学系统的强度检测仪所检测到的斑点。
图4，5和6中所示的显示光学器件42产生一种单色图像。彩色显示光学器件包括显示光学器件42，两个附加激光器，两个附加照明光学器件，两个附加BGLV，以及一个分色镜组。在彩色显示光学器件中，红、绿、蓝激光器照亮三个BGLV，以产生红、绿、蓝线性阵列的像素。分色镜组合成来自三个BGLV的反射和衍射光，并将反射和衍射光引向分离光学器件52。对于彩色显示光学器件，横跨行图像宽度92的空间相位变化对红、绿、蓝激光照明之一(例如是绿色激光照明)优选地有一个最佳振幅，或具有等于参与波长的特定平均值的波长。当横跨显示屏幕58扫描行图像90时，红、绿、蓝波阵面随时间产生多重斑点图形，从而减少了彩色显示光学器件中的斑点。
从投影光学器件可以看出有角度照明的一个优点。具备所有三种颜色的在轴的单一光束需要较小的透镜，因而允许进入系统的杂散光比较小。这样就能提供具有高对比度的图像，产生整体上更加清晰的图像。另一个优点在于，由于所有三色都通过投影光学器件中的同一路径，设计更为简单，与专门设计的光学部件相比，允许采用“离轴”光学器件。另外，改变照明角度的这种特殊技术具有灵活性，可变性，并且适合完善的制作和校准工艺。
对最佳实施例的修改可以包括但不仅限于采用标准的GLV来替代闪耀光栅光阀。如果通过量不是问题，例如在某些印刷设备中，就可以采用这种修改。在这种情况下可以直接忽略一个衍射阶。另外，最佳实施例的技术还可以适用于单色系统，因为单色对投影系统而言仍然是在轴的。
本领域的技术人员很容易看出，在不离开权利要求书所限定的本发明的原理和范围的情况下，还能对最佳实施例作出各种各样的修改。
Claims (24)
1.一种显示装置，包括：
a.照明光学器件；
b.与照明光学器件光学耦合的闪耀光栅光调制器，使得照明光学器件在操作中以具有多种颜色的离轴照明光来照射光调制器，其中随着颜色波长的增加，离轴照明光的照射角度也增加；
c.与光调制器光学耦合的分离光学器件；以及
d.与分离光学器件光学耦合的投影和扫描光学器件，其中投射一个在轴上具有多种颜色的单一光束。
2.按照权利要求1的显示装置，其特征在于光调制器进一步耦合到照明光学器件，使得光调制器在操作中对于亮像素将光引导到光轴上，从而形成轴上光。
3.按照权利要求1的显示装置，其特征在于光调制器进一步耦合到照明光学器件，使得光调制器在操作中对于暗像素引导光离开光轴，从而形成离轴光。
4.按照权利要求1的显示装置，其特征在于分离光学器件被耦合到光调制器，使得分离光学器件在操作中分离离轴光与轴上光。
5.按照权利要求1的显示装置，其特征在于分离光学器件还被耦合到光调制器，使得轴上光在操作中产生一个二维图像。
6.按照权利要求5的显示装置，其特征在于二维图像是一个实像。
7.按照权利要求5的显示装置，其特征在于二维图像是一个虚像。
8.一种为单阶光调制器投影系统提供有角度照明的方法，包括：
a.用照明光学器件照射闪耀光栅光调制器，使得照明光学器件在操作中用具有多种颜色的离轴照明光来照射光调制器，其中随着颜色波长的增加，离轴照明光的照射角度也增加；
b.将分离光学器件光学耦合到光调制器；并且
c.将投影和扫描光学器件光学耦合到分离光学器件，其中投射一个在轴上具有多种颜色的单一光束。
9.按照权利要求8的方法，其特征是还包括将光调制器耦合到照明光学器件，使得光调制器在操作中对于亮像素将光引导到光轴上，从而形成轴上光。
10.按照权利要求8的方法，其特征是还包括将光调制器耦合到照明光学器件，使得光调制器在操作中对于暗像素引导光离开光轴，从而形成离轴光。
11.按照权利要求8的方法，其特征还包括将分离光学器件耦合到光调制器，使得分离光学器件在操作中分离离轴光与轴上光。
12.按照权利要求8的方法，其特征是还包括将分离光学器件耦合到光调制器，使得轴上光在操作中产生一个二维图像。
13.按照权利要求12的方法，其特征在于二维图像是一个实像。
14.按照权利要求12的方法，其特征在于二维图像是一个虚像。
15.一种为单阶光调制器投影系统提供有角度照明的显示装置，包括：
a.照明光学器件；
b.被配置成用来接收来自照明光学器件的具有多种颜色的离轴照明光，从而对于亮像素将单一光束引导到光轴上以形成轴上光，并且对于暗像素引导光离开光轴以形成离轴光的闪耀光栅光调制器，其中随着颜色波长的增加，离轴照明光的照射角度也增加；
c.光学耦合到光调制器的分离光学器件，使得分离光学器件在操作中分离离轴光与轴上光，并进一步使得轴上光在操作中产生一个二维图像；以及
d.投影和扫描光学器件，其被光学耦合以用于从分离光学器件接收轴上光。
16.按照权利要求15的显示装置，其特征在于二维图像是实像。
17.按照权利要求15的显示装置，其特征在于二维图像是虚像。
18.一种光阀，包括：
a.照明光学器件；
b.与照明光学器件光学耦合的闪耀光栅光调制器，使得照明光学器件在操作中以具有多种颜色的离轴照明光来照射光调制器，其中随着颜色波长的增加，离轴照明光的照射角度也增加；以及
c.与光调制器光学耦合的分离光学器件。
19.按照权利要求18的光阀，其特征在于光调制器进一步被耦合到照明光学器件，使得光调制器在操作中对于亮像素将光引导到光轴上，从而形成具有多种颜色的轴上光。
20.按照权利要求18的光阀，其特征在于光调制器进一步被耦合到照明光学器件，使得光调制器在操作中对于暗像素引导光离开光轴，从而形成离轴光。
21.按照权利要求18的光阀，其特征在于分离光学器件被耦合到光调制器，使得分离光学器件在操作中分离离轴光与轴上光。
22.按照权利要求18的光阀，其特征在于分离光学器件还被耦合到光调制器，使得轴上光在操作中产生一个二维图像。
23.按照权利要求22的光阀，其特征在于二维图像是一个实像。
24.按照权利要求22的光阀，其特征在于二维图像是一个虚像。
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-
2001
- 2001-08-15 US US09/930,831 patent/US6707591B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-03-27 CN CNB028116615A patent/CN1266513C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-27 JP JP2002582082A patent/JP2005512109A/ja active Pending
- 2002-03-27 EP EP02725399A patent/EP1377875A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-03-27 KR KR10-2003-7013216A patent/KR20030087071A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-27 WO PCT/US2002/009604 patent/WO2002084397A2/en active Application Filing
- 2002-03-27 AU AU2002255965A patent/AU2002255965A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1377875A2 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
| JP2005512109A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
| US20020186448A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
| CN1514947A (zh) | 2004-07-21 |
| WO2002084397A2 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
| AU2002255965A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 |
| WO2002084397A3 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
| US6707591B2 (en) | 2004-03-16 |
| KR20030087071A (ko) | 2003-11-12 |
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