CN1290065A - 具有集成分布式阻容滤波器的正交调制器 - Google Patents

具有集成分布式阻容滤波器的正交调制器 Download PDF

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CN1290065A
CN1290065A CN00118118A CN00118118A CN1290065A CN 1290065 A CN1290065 A CN 1290065A CN 00118118 A CN00118118 A CN 00118118A CN 00118118 A CN00118118 A CN 00118118A CN 1290065 A CN1290065 A CN 1290065A
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P·W·登特
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Ericsson Inc
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    • H04B1/0007Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain wherein the AD/DA conversion occurs at radiofrequency or intermediate frequency stage
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    • H03H11/1204Distributed RC filters

Abstract

用于产生复调制信号的正交调制器包括一对独特的平衡低通滤波器,通过用来切换入、切换出电路分布式RC线路部分和相应的地电阻的开关配置,该滤波器可以矫正制作公差带来的问题。

Description

具有集成分布式阻容滤波器的正交调制器
本发明涉及在用于产生复调制射频信号的正交调制器中实现作为硅片集成电路元件的频率带阻、带通和低通滤波器的方法和器件。
构造频率选择滤波器的现有技术包括:(1)无源电感-电容滤波器;(2)无源电阻-电容滤波器;(3)有源RC滤波器;(4)分布式RC滤波器;(5)回旋器-电容滤波器;(6)传输线路或波导滤波器;(7)开关电容滤波器;和(8)数字滤波器,下面将逐个讨论。
硅片上构造电感-电容滤波器受到非常小的电感值的限制,由螺旋金属化图形实现的频率范围大约2GHz。
无源电阻-电容滤波器只能合成所需频率响应的有限子集,在低频受可以制作的RC乘积的限制,同时在高频还受到杂散(寄生)电容和电阻的限制。
有源RC滤波器可以提供高达几兆赫兹的有用性能,但是受到放大器的带宽和性能及其上述寄生现象的限制。很不幸,放大器消耗功率并限制了动态范围。
分布式RC滤波器,在另一方面,本质上是基于寄生电容和电阻参数的,如描述于LUTEDX/(TETE-7029)pp.1-26(1987)中由KatarinaHansson and Mats Torkeksson所著的“Tidskontinureliga LagpassFilteri CMOS”。
回旋器-电容滤波器利用有源阻抗倒相电路使电容器起到电感器作用,这样可以制作LC等效滤波器。这些电路适用于高达几兆赫兹的带通滤波器。回旋器-电容滤波器可以归类为有源RC滤波器形式。
传输线路或波导滤波器要求器件的长度一般为1/4波长,所以它们在晶片上的构造被限制在高于2Ghz的微波范围。
开关电容滤波器根据一些不同的原理进行工作,但是要求晶体管开关工作在远高于滤波器工作频率范围的频率。这使它们的应用限制在几百千赫兹。而且,开关电容滤波器的动态范围受到高噪声电平的限制。
数字滤波器在它们可实现的频率响应范围内是十分灵活的,并具有无公差的优点。另一方面,要滤波的信号必须是数字形式的,所需的模拟-数字转换器限制了动态范围和速度。数字逻辑电路的功率损耗也是限制这种滤波器在实际应用中于300千赫兹范围或以下的一个因素。
本发明关注的频率范围是0.3MHz至300MHz。这高于大多数所述技术的频率范围,同时低于传输线路解决方案的频率范围。到目前为止,还没有实际上覆盖整个射频通信频谱的有三个数量级频率范围的实用硅集成解决方案。相应地,本发明着眼于讨论这个重要的频率范围。本发明利用了上述的分布式RC技术的概念。
本发明涉及实现频率带阻、带通和低通的、作为硅片集成电路元件的滤波器的方法和器件。
本发明方法允许在其它已知技术不便于覆盖的频率范围内制作时续、模拟滤波器。这种滤波器一般地利用数字信号处理器和正交调制器,用来产生复调制信号。本发明滤波器的目的是适用于构造用在模拟或数/模混合射频通讯信号处理应用中的集成电路的一部分。
在本发明中,公开了新的分布式RC滤波器的结构和应用,特别是克服由电阻层和绝缘层特性的制作公差引起的问题的方法。分布式RC滤波器结构包括有选择地切换入和切换出电路增量RC线路和电路增量归零电阻的装置。公开了几个实施方案。
本发明将参照附图进行描述,其中:
图1a是根据本发明的分布式RC线路结构的部分简图;
图1b是例如示于图1a的分布式RC线路滤波器的电路符号;
图2是现有技术分布式RCNULL器件的简图;
图3是用来合成任意调制信号的现有技术正交调制器配置的简图;
图4是根据本发明的正交调制器配置的简图;
图5是显示用作平衡调制器的现有技术Gilbert混频器的简图;
图6是根据本发明的部分平衡调制器简图;
图7是根据本发明的完整平衡调制器简图;
图8是根据本发明的阶梯-可调RC线路简图;
图9是根据本发明的与图8中开关RC线路相连的开关归零电阻的简图;
图10是显示了在用来获得可调节低通放大器响应的反馈环中,根据本发明的可调节陷波滤波器使用的简图;
图11是根据本发明的开关-可调RCNULL器件的优选配置简图;
图12是一个合理的根据本发明与示于图11的开关-可调RCNULL器件一起使用的阶梯可调归零电阻;
图13是一个根据本发明与示于图11的开关-可调RCNULL器件一起使用的阶梯可调归零电阻的优选配置简图;
图14是示于图-7的滤波器的频率响应简图;
优选实施方案详述
本发明滤波器构造包括示于图1a的分布式RC线路,它利用了淀积导电薄膜的薄层电阻特性例如多晶硅薄膜电阻滤波器10,和在电阻滤波器10与导电板14(通过连接点14a与公共端相连)之间的、在层10和14之间具有薄绝缘层12的电容值-每单位面积特性。电阻滤波器10包括输入连接点10a和输出连接点10b。
按照各层从衬底到顶的出现顺序,滤波器由包含例如硅、氧化铝、砷化镓、蓝宝石或聚酰胺的衬底13,包含二氧化硅、氧化铝、砷化镓、蓝宝石、聚酰胺等的绝缘膜11,重掺杂多晶硅、铝、金等构成的导电板14,薄膜绝缘层12和由多晶硅等组成的电阻滤波器10组成。
多晶硅膜10形成的电阻器被当作是分布在电容器板14上并与之绝缘的,这样,它便被当作是可以由单位长度电阻、单位长度电容和长度描述的分布式RC线路。
分布式RC线路的电路符号示于图1b。
这种RC线路具有衰减高频、但过渡带很缓的固有低通型频率响应。更窄过渡带的低通滤波器通常是利用阻带陷波器实现其特性。
频率响应中的陷波器可以通过利用特定值电阻21,如图2所示,连接它的电容器板14’端和地22,用分布式RC线路形成。对于均匀RC线路,当与地相连的电阻值大约是电阻滤波器10’的总贯穿电阻Rtot的0.056倍时,一个陷波器就完成了,陷波器频率大约是11.2/RC弧度/秒,其中Rtot是总贯穿电阻,C是总分布电容。
一旦形成了全部或部分陷波器,其它频率响应就可以合成了,如带阻、带通,后者可以通过在如示于图10的、将在下面讨论的放大器反馈环中增加陷波器件来合成。
根据发明的第一方面,为了合成任意调制射频信号,匹配、平衡、低通滤波器与所谓的正交调制器相连。
根据发明的第二方面,提供了克服高制作过程离散(即电阻和绝缘层参数对理想值的偏差)的方法。在一些过程中,单位面积的薄层电阻和电容参数的典型离散对电容可以高达15%,对面电阻可达100%最大值/最小值。不利用本发明的方法,RC乘积给出的陷波器频率不能保证在一个倍频程之内。本发明的方法可以用来使陷波频率位于所期望的误差范围之内,当使用这种过程时。本发明通过有效地设置可通过电路内编程设定滤波器频率为期望值的阶梯-可变线路长度度来实现这一点。
图3显示用于合成任意调制信号的正交调制器的现有技术配置。数字信号处理器(DSP)30计算期望复调制的实部和虚部的时间间隔样本。实部由期望幅度乘以期望相角的余弦值给出,同时虚部由幅度乘以相角的正弦值给出。在这种方法中,幅度调制(AM)信号和相位调制(PM)信号都可以产生,或者是包含两者的信号,其结果通常被称为复调制信号。DSP30计算的数字样本传送给将每一数字样本对转换为一对被称作I(同相)信号和Q(正交)信号的一对数字-模拟(D-A)转换器31。这种数字样本序列产生I和Q波形,只是为阶梯形式。
波形中的阶梯导致不期望的、在不被抑制的条件下会干扰相邻射频信道的频谱成分。一些用于D-A转换的技术提供在相邻样本值之间给出斜面波形的样本间内插,这样可以减小、但不足以消除不期望的频率成分。结果,需要I和Q平滑滤波器32。低通滤波器使感兴趣的全部调制频谱成分通过,但抑制与来自D-A转换器31的阶梯或分段线路性I、Q波形相关的频谱高频成分。
平滑后的I、Q波形及正弦和余弦载波频率信号提供给一对平衡调制器33,这种配置称为正交调制器。至此所述的、图3所示的配置属于众所周知的现有技术。
精确信号的产生要求(1)两个平衡混频器精确地匹配,(2)精确地控制I和Q信号的电平,(3)平衡混频器具有低载波泄漏或偏置,即当I或Q调制信号为零时,平衡调制器的输出信号应为零。
因为I和Q信号由正变到负,如果要求电路由单正电源供电,那么I和Q波形的零点不能再定义为零电平,而必须定义为某一正参考电压,例如电源电压的一半。因此,当I或Q波形摆动到低于该参考电压时,它被解释为负,当高于参考电压时为正。
不幸的是,很难从DSP30产生与D-A转换器提供的零输入数字值电压完全相等的参考电压。本发明通过使用图4的平衡配置克服了这个问题,该配置使用特殊的D-A转换技术产生I和Q信号和它们的补码I和Q。
根据示于图4的本发明,来自DSP30’的数字I和Q信号传送给delta-sigma(Δ-∑)变换器41。该器件根据已知技术制作,用来产生与数字输入值成比例的短时平均值的二元码“1”和“0”的高比特率流。对于最大可能数字输入值,产生的比特流是11111…(“1”状态的电压等于所选的电源电压),同时最小可能数字输入值产生形00000…半量程数字输入产生具有平均电压为电源电压一半的比特流10101010…根据本发明的一个方面,附加的反相器门42接在每个delta-sigma变换器41的输出端以便额外地产生互补的数据流。这意味着当delta-sigrna变换器41产生均值为1/3电源电压的比特流100100100100…时,互补的数据流将是均值为2/3电源电压的比特流011011011011…两者间的差值是1/3-2/3=-1/3电源电压。如果变换器产生均值为3/4电源电压的比特流111011101110…,那么互补的信号000100010001…的均值为电源电压的1/4,这样差值是3/4-1/4=+1/2电源电压。结果,利用变换器输出信号和它的补码之间的差值表示I或Q信号,表示值可以为正或负,尽管只有单正电源供电,不需产生参考电压。平衡混频器43a和43b因此具有平衡两线路输入而不是单端输入,它对两线路上的信号差值产生响应,对两线路上的绝对或共模电压(电压之和)不产生响应。
高比特率delta-sigma调制比特流被简单地变换为由许多比特形成的移动平均电压表示的模拟电压。这可以利用具有带宽为比特率的小部分、但仍足以通过全部期望调制成分的时续、低通滤波器实现。对于本发明提出的平衡信号配置,平衡滤波器44置于delta-sigma变换器的输出端和I、Q平衡调制器43之间。
平衡调制器43可以包括如示于图5的所谓Gilbert混频器43a和43b。如图5所示,Gilbert混频器的平衡I或Q输入端50a和50b与两个晶体管51a和51b的基极相连。两个晶体管51a和51b的发射极分别通过电阻器52a和52b和公共偏置电流源53相连。两个晶体管51a和51b的每一个集电极分别与一对共发射极相连的两对晶体管54a、54b和55a、55b相连。每个晶体管对54和55的晶体管54a、55b基极一起连接到余弦或正弦信号发生器56的一边,每个晶体管对54和55的另一个晶体管基极54b、55a一起连接到余弦或正弦信号发生器56的另一边。两晶体管对54a和55a的每个晶体管的集电极一起连接到输出线路57a,两晶体管对54b和55b的每个FET的另一个集电极一起连接到另一个输出线路57b。这种平衡调制器可以作为平衡低通滤波器制作在同一衬底上。
图4中平衡调制器43a和43b的输出由加法器43c加在一起,形成复调制射频信号。
平衡I或Q输入信号在为电源电压一半的中值电压周围摆动(即,对于5volt电压是在2.5volt周围),但是峰-峰电压幅度偏移应稍小,例如小于+/-250mV。然而,delta-sigma变换器每个输出线路或它的非的极限输出可以在0和5volt之同摆动,因此要求平衡模信号衰减1/20,同时在本实施方案中要求共模电压(2-5volt)无衰减。
图6显示了根据本发明的完成对平衡模信号作适当衰减的基本滤波器段44。两个相同的RCNULL器件61、62为平衡(推-拉)和共模信号的低通滤波操作在频率响应中提供陷波器。
平衡滤波器包括两个输入端I、I或Q、Q和两个输出端50a和50b,接地的公共端。串联电阻器Rs接在输入端I或Q和输出端50a之间,相同的电阻器Rs接在第二输入端I或Q和第二输出端50b之间。每个电阻器Rs通过在各自带有插入绝缘层的导电板上淀积电阻材料图形来形成,如图一所示,以便在电阻图形和导电板之间提供分布式电容。
一个或多个电阻RNULL连接在每个导电板和公共端之间,或各个导电板之间,或两者兼有。分流电阻Rp连接在至少一个滤波器段的输出端之间(当级联时,将参照图7在下面讨论)。
当没有接地电阻时,滤波器44在直流和低频的共模衰减为1。换句话说,与定义为两输入或输出线路电压差值的平衡模相比较,平衡、低通滤波器对衰减定义为两输入或输出线路电压和的共模信号到不同程度,或者完全不衰减。在平衡模中,由于电阻器Rp连接在输出端之间,衰减是Rp/(2Rs+Rp)。通过选择分流电阻Rp相对于电阻滤波器Rs的大小,该值可以设定为1/20或其它小于一的期望值。期望值定义为两输入线路或两输出线路之间的电压差值。
分流电阻Rp的另一个作用是在平衡模中相对于低频响应增强高频响应,因为高频衰减趋向于一。这具有所期望的使过渡带斜率变陡的作用。过渡带斜率可以通过RC线路的指数渐细进一步变陡。
图7显示由级联的这种平衡段组成的完整滤波器设计。串联平衡RCNULL器件70、71、72、73,其特征在于起始线路宽、指数渐细因子(最大/最小宽度比值)、总电阻Rtot和总电容Ctot通过具有在带有插入绝缘膜的衬底表面的导电板表面上淀积电阻图形的淀积分布式RC线路而级联起来,如图1所示。分流电阻Rp1、Rp2、Rp3、Rp4连接在每个段的输出端之间以提供逐级衰减。平衡模的总衰减通过选择分流电阻而设定为期望值,但是有一种从全部衰减于第一段Rp1到全部衰减于最后段Rp4进行调节的连续方法。各段间衰减的最佳分布可以利用能给出最陡过渡带斜率的计算机模拟、通过反复实验得到。而且,线路宽和电阻器电阻分布特性的最佳组合可以从给出最陡过渡带斜率的对最小线路宽和最大允许滤波器面积的约束中得到。150kHz过渡带频率的近似最佳设计值示于表1,它的最终频率响应示于图14。
表一
70 WMAX71 厚端线路宽=20.00000微米渐细因子=20.00000
RTOT 总电阻=118.83687kΩ
CTOT 总电容=47.53474pF
RNULL71 归零电阻=3.16380kΩ
衰减因子=1.41410
RP71 分流衰减电阻=286.97623kΩ
71 WMAX72 厚端线路宽=1.01000微米
    渐细因子=1.01000
    RTOT   总电阻=271.01572kΩ
    CTOT   总电容=5.47452pF
    RNULL72   归零电阻=15.22687kΩ
  衰减因子=2.82820
    RP72   分流衰减电阻=194.20894kΩ
72   WMAX73   厚端线路宽=1.01000微米渐细因子=1.01000
    RTOT   总电阻=171.40543kΩ
    CTOT   总电容=3.46239pF
    RNULL73   归零电阻=9.630327kΩ
  衰减因子=4.00000
    RP73   分流衰减电阻=98.98187kΩ
73  WMAX74   厚端线路宽=1.01000微米渐细因子=1.01000
 RTOT   总电阻=98.96096kΩ
 CTOT   总电容=1.99901pF
 RNULL74   归零电阻=5.56007kΩ
  衰减因子=1.25000
    RP74   分流衰减电阻=692.78949kΩ
一个实际的问题是在大批量生产中如何控制淀积膜的电阻使之等于在设计中假定的目标值。如果电阻率发生变化,整个频率响应按比例变化。例如,电阻率加倍将使过度带和零点频率减半,电阻率减半将使所有的频率加倍。在实际生产公差太大以至于频率响应不能保证在期望误差之内的情况下,发明的第二部分可以用来在制作之后把频率响应调节到容限之内。这是通过线路长度阶梯变化的本发明方法实现的。
图8显示了根据本发明的这一方面的第一种配置。可以这样理解,图8中的电路可以取代任何示于图7的平衡归零器件70、71、72、一个输出端70b和一个公共端70c。一些电阻元件80、81、82和83可以以薄膜的形式淀积在相应数目的、具有如图1所示的内插绝缘层的导电板上。电阻元件串接在输入端70a和输出端70b之间。
一些开关85、87、89能够选择性地用来旁路或短路各自的电阻元件。相应数目的开关84、86、88能够选择性地把导电板和因没有被旁路而通过电阻与公共端70c相连的电阻元件连接在一起。串联电阻的值根据被旁路的电阻元件值而变化。
一个具有归一化单位长度RC线路80始终连接在电路中,而具有,例如1/2、1/4、1/8等单位长度,的其它RC线路81、82、83单元通过切换选定开关对84、85;86、87和88、89可以切换入电路或切换出电路。这样,在本例中,有效线路长度可以在值1、1.125、1.25、1.375、1.5、1.625、1.75和1.785之间切换。因为增加长度同时增加了总贯穿电阻和电容,所以RC乘积随着这些值的平方变化,于是RC乘积可在接近4∶1的范围内得到控制。
如果只希望在2∶1的范围内改变RC乘积,那么最大线路长度只需是2的平方根=1.414乘以最小线路长度,这可以利用长度为0.207、0.1035和0.052等单位长度的切换段实现。对于只有三个切换段的情况,5%线路长度跳变对应于10%频率跳变是可以实现的,如果选中最靠近期望值的频率跳变,那么误差只有±5%。
为了用上述配置建立可调陷波滤波器,从电容器板到地的电阻应保持为贯穿电阻的特定小数倍(例如,0.056)。这样,还需要对地的开关电阻,如图9所示。可以这样理解,图9的开关归零电阻电路可以替换图7中的一个或多个从RNULL71到RNULL74的电阻器。
如图9所示,用来与图8中的电路相连的开关归零电阻器包括一个相对值为RNULL的第一非开关归零电阻器90,与它相连的是三个串联归零电阻91、92和93的一端。三个串联归零电阻91、92和93分别具有相对值,例如1/2RNULL、1/4RNULL和1/8RNULL。三个电阻91、92和93通过并联开关94、95和96选择性地切换入电路或切换出电路。
另一方面,图8和图9所示的电路可以利用场效应晶体管开关制作,问题可能会出现在开关的电容和电阻,及对由开关晶体管特性决定、沿滤波器摆动的信号电压的动态范围的限制。
根据本发明的可调节陷波滤波器的优选装置,如图11和13所示,极大地消除了这些问题并给出了在轨道至轨道(rail-to-rail)信号摆动的条件下可以工作的陷波滤波器。
值得指出的是,一旦在期望频率上制成了陷波滤波器,就可以通过这种器件的级联以便在阻带安置陷波器来构造低通滤波器,所以所有高于特定范围的频率被抑制到期望值。这种滤波器可能不具有与,例如LC滤波器,相同的过度带锐利度,但是本发明允许在0.3至300MHz的频率范围内制作实用的滤波器,这种滤波器已经成功地制作出来,通过把陷波器配置在12.5MHz、35MHz、52MHz和300MHz,它在衰减很小的条件下可以通过高达3MHz的频率,但是在频率12MHz和更高处具有高衰减。因为进一步偏离通带的较高频陷波器的公差对通带几乎没有影响,所以在本例中它们不需要是可调节的,只须具有最靠近通带的陷波频率的滤波器必须是可调的,以便去除工艺离散的影响。
图10显示在具有适当带宽的射频系统中,如何使用可调节陷波滤波器获得适于频率选择、中间级频率放大的带通放大器响应。根据本发明的可调陷波器件102作为反馈路径连接在放大器101的周围,这样当滤波器102允许强负反馈信号通过时,陷波频率之外的增益受到抑制,当负反馈作用降低时,陷波频率附近的增益很高。这种可调选择放大器的级联可以用来形成用于小型便携式射频接收机的集成电路中频放大级。示于图10的“调节比特”是指控制图11中的开关125-132和图13中的开关140-143的控制信号。
下面描述可调节陷波滤波器避免由晶体管开关造成动态范围损失的优选配置。
陷波频率的调节可通过使用便利的本发明配置的阶梯可调线路长度来实现。这是使用匹配阶梯可调电阻来形成可调陷波器件。
图11显示可调RC线路的优选装置。一个始终在电路中的主线路段110在其两边和开关段111、112、113、114级联。如图11所示,左手边的两开关段111、112的线路长度为主线路长度L的第一小数部分dL。右手边的两开关段113、114的线路长度为小数部分长度3dL。于是,下列组合中的各种有效线路长度可以通过相应的开关115、116、117、118、119、130、131、132把开关段切换入或切换出电路来实现。
111   112   113   114    有效线路长度
出    出    出    出      L
出    入    出    出      L+dL
入    入    出    出      L+2dL
出    出    入    出      L+3dL
出    入    入    出      L+4dL
入    入    入    出      L+5dL
出    出    入    入      L+6dL
出    入    入    入      L+7dL
入    入    入    入      L+8dL
上述配置的重要特点是切换入电路的线路段总是相邻的,即没有使用如“入出入”的线路组合。这简化了切换以至于只须切换线路的电容板。换句话说,因为只须切换线路段的电容板端,而不是串联电阻段,所以切换得到简化。为了切换线路段dL或3dL以增加主线路长度,其电容板与主线路的电容板相连(例如,用开关115)。为防止线路段增加主线路长度度,其电容板或者悬空或者接地(例如,用开关119)。因此,切换出的段表现为与器件级联,但不增加有效主线路长度度L的串联电阻或者隔离、短路RC线路。这样,当主线路端通过图13的归零电阻与地相连时,例如在这样产生的频率响应中,从频率到零频率不受切换出段的影响。
为提供匹配阶梯可调归零电阻,图12的配置在原理上是可用的。这有一个标定值为主RC线路总电阻的0.056倍的主电阻RNULL123。提供了阻值为分数dL/L乘以主归零电阻RNULL的两个开关段(126,127)和值为3dL/L的两个开关段(124,125),使用与选定线路时使用的控制信号相同的控制信号选定图12中归零电阻的相应切换段。
图12配置的缺点是可以制作在硅片上的开关晶体管电阻与开关电阻相比是很明显的。因此,公开了图13的改进配置。
在图13中,总有效电阻R的调节通过切换代替低阻值串联切换电阻的高阻值分流电阻来完成。图12的主电阻值R在图13中分割为分数aR和分数(1-a)R两部分。可通过两个晶体管135,136切换入和出电路的两个电阻R1和R2与第一分数电阻aR并联。在R1的切换将把有效阻值由aR降低到aR-dR,其中dR等于(aR)2/(aR+R1),同时在R1和R2的切换将把有效阻值由aR降低到aR-2dR。同样,两个与(1-a)R并联的、可通过两个附加晶体管137、138切换入和出电路的附加电阻R3和R4允许电阻(1-a)R降低到(1-a)R-3dR或(1-a)R-6dR。这样,可以实现以-dR为阶梯由R到R-8dR的全部总电阻值。
因为R的调节是向下的,R的值必须初始化为比图13的高8欧姆,开关晶体管135-138必须由与图11中开关控制信号相反的信号控制。分数“a”的值要选择得使四个开关电阻R1、R2、R3、R4中的最小者尽可能地大,以便使串联开关电阻的影响最小化。如果“a”太小,那么R1和R2将不必要地小,而R3和R4大,反之亦然,如果“a”太大。因此,通过计算可以发现存在的最佳值。
在以硅集成电路集成为目的的假设前提下,描述了陷波滤波器和可调节陷波滤波器的构造及其应用,但是本领域的技术人员能够很容易地把本发明应用于其他形式的制作和应用,而如此这种应用被认为是包含在权利要求陈述的发明范围之内。对典型实施方案的上述讨论的目的是解释而不是限制。发明范围应当参照附属权利要求确定。

Claims (4)

1.适于在集成电路上构造的低通滤波器包括:
一些滤波器段,每一个都具有两个输入端和两个输出端和一个公共端,每一个滤波器段包括:
串联电阻,连接在滤波器段的第一输入端和第一输出端之间,基本相同的电阻连接在滤波器段的第二输入端和第二输出端之间,每一个电阻都通过在各自的带有在电阻图形和导电板间提供分布式电容的内插绝缘层的导电板上的淀积电阻材料图形来形成;
电阻装置,连接在每个导电板与地端之间,或者连接在导电板之间,或者二者兼有:
电阻器,连接在至少一个滤波器段的输出端之间,
滤波器段,级联在一起,每个段的输出端连接下一段的输入端。
2.根据权利要求1的低通滤波器,其中至少一个电阻图形是渐细的。
3.根据权利要求2的低通滤波器,其中渐细是指数形式的。
4.根据权利要求1的低通滤波器,其中至少一个所述段的串联电阻器阻值和总分布电容的乘积可以调节到期望值,以便在形成低通滤波器之后确定陷波频率。
CN00118118A 1994-09-14 2000-06-05 具有集成分布式阻容滤波器的正交调制器 Pending CN1290065A (zh)

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