CN1292168C - 一种建造风力发电站的方法及由此方法建造的风力发电站 - Google Patents

一种建造风力发电站的方法及由此方法建造的风力发电站 Download PDF

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CN1292168C
CN1292168C CNB028178211A CN02817821A CN1292168C CN 1292168 C CN1292168 C CN 1292168C CN B028178211 A CNB028178211 A CN B028178211A CN 02817821 A CN02817821 A CN 02817821A CN 1292168 C CN1292168 C CN 1292168C
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艾劳埃斯·乌本
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
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    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
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Abstract

本发明公开一种建造风力发电站的方法及由此方法建造成的风力发电站。本发明的目的在于提供一种低成本更快速地建造风力发电站的方法。本发明风力发电站构建方法，包括：将板预先定位在基台上，所述预设板在构建所述基台时装配且固定至所述基台；预先制造变电模块；将变电模块设置在基台上，使得在所述塔架设后所述变电模块(7)在基台区域内或在所述塔的下部内得到保护；以及将一个门定位在所述风力发电站中，使得该门从位于变电模块输送高压或中压的部件上的区域中脱出。从而能够快速地构建风力发电站。另外可以安全地对构建后的风力发电站进行维护。

Description

一种建造风力发电站的方法及由此方法建造的风力发电站
发明领域
本发明涉及一种建造风力发电站的方法，以及采用此方法建造成的风力发电站。
背景技术
迄今为止，在构建风力发电站时，首先建成一个基台，然后建立风力发电机的塔，之后机器房配备到塔的顶部，发动机上设有动叶片。之后，组装上变电模块如变压器、开关柜、可能的交直流变换器、中压系统、低压分压器等。这些几乎都是在风力发电站外部的专用的建筑物内完成的。
在文献DE 198 16 483.1中，已经有将变压器设置在塔内的建议，从而在基台处建造一个专门的变压器屋已经不再是必须的。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种更有利的、具体而言是更快速的、建造风力发电站的方法。
本发明的目的是下述建造具有塔的风力发电站的方法实现的，所述方法包括：将板预先定位在基台上，所述预设板在构建所述基台时装配且固定至所述基台；预先制造变电模块，所述变电模块包括变压器、交直流变换器和其他电气装置，所述电气装置用于控制风力发电站和处理由风力发电站的发电机供应的电能并将之注入到电网中，其中所述变电模块包括一个台架，该台架容纳所述变电模块的电气装置，并且所述变电模块的台架包括支撑脚；利用起重机将构建风力发电站所需的所述变电模块设置在所述基台上，从而在塔的构建之前将变电模块放置在塔基台上，并且所述所述变电模块的台架的支撑脚靠在所述塔基台上的预设板上；建造所述塔，使得在所述塔架设后所述变电模块在基台区域内或在所述塔的下部内得到保护；以及将一个门定位在所述风力发电站中，使得该门从位于变电模块输送高压或中压的部件上的区域中脱出。
本发明目的还在于提供一种能够更快速地建造的风力发电站。所述目的通过一种由塔、变电模块组成的风力发电站实现，其中，塔设在基台上，变电模块具有一个变压器，由风力发电站的发电机供应的电能通过变压器变成中压或高压，并且变电模块还包括一个装置，来控制和处理由风力发电站的发电机供应的电能，其中，变电模块具有一个设在风力发电站的基台上的台架，并且台架容纳着变电模块的电气装置，变电模块的宽度和长度小于风力发电站的塔在基台区域内的直径，所述风力发电站包括一个门，该门定位成使得其从位于变电模块输送高压或中压的部件上的区域中脱出。
与现有的风力发电站设计相反，根据本发明，在建好风力发电站的基台后，在基台上布置基本变电模块，也就是，变压器、开关柜等，之后竖起塔，从而在塔竖起后变电模块在塔基台区域内或塔下部受到保护并安全地设在塔基台上。
变电模块是尽可能地预制并组装到台架上，从而变电模块可以通过起重机装配到塔基台上，变电模块是构建风力发电站所需要的，整个操作准备、尤其是缆索的布置和风力发电站的整个操作准备，都可以通过调整每个控制模块、配备开关柜等在保护区内进行，这些行为在建塔时就可以进行了。
对于变电模块的台架而言更有利的是具有支撑底座，反过来支撑底座搁在塔基台上预先定位的板上。在建造基台期间，这些板被放置在预定位置之前并固定到基台，从而变电模块随后可以简单的途径和方式装配。
最后，在风力发电站的基台内设置容置缆索的空导管和将这些空导管安装在预定位置上也是有利的，空导管，也就是能源传输缆索、控制缆索等，从发电站伸出。因此，支臂由保持臂支架着，保持臂固定在基台的部分内或在塔的塔区段内。由于具有这些空导管支臂，缆索布置的区域可以精确地预先确定并且尤其是从变电模块延伸到基台的缆索最短并且是最佳的缆索路线。
早在建造基台时，根据本发明的方法也通过每个模块便利了风力发电站的整个电气设备，每个模块如空导管支臂、变电模块台架等。
根据本发明的步骤，风力发电站的整个建造的时间可以相当地短。而且，本发明无须就任何技术缺陷进行平衡，因此风力发电站的整个设备的成本也可以降低。
本发明通过下面附图所示的实施例可以更详细地解释清楚。
具体实施方式
图1示出了预设基台(没有填充混凝土)的顶面视图，基台包括在空导管3上的钢筋1、2，空导管3通过支臂4支撑，塔区段最下部的内部与钢筋连接。而且，基台还包括一个为保持臂6设置的可看到的台架5，保持臂6处于塔区段的最下部的内部(在建好风力发电站后基台内部是再也见不到的)。
空导管3以后用来容纳缆索，如电力电缆，风力发电站的全部电能利用空导管通过地面电缆传送到电网。经常，为这个目的会提供几个管子，而不只是一个。
图2为填充了混凝土后的基台部分。空导管保持在预先固定的位置上，台架也用混凝土包围；在浇混凝土时，台架紧贴在构造的混凝土上并提供遍及整个表面的负载支撑是重要的。混凝土达到台架的上边缘并在台架的边缘处将混凝土仔细的抹平。
在混凝土硬化后，用于保持台架的保持臂和作为空导管附属物的支臂可以从中拆除并再次用在构建其他设备中。
在混凝土硬化后，在构建风力发电站的其余部分时，塔未放置在塔基台最下部—迄今为止的通常作法—而是变电模块先放置在台架上(图2-4)。
图3所示的变电模块7是两部分设计，虽然变电模块7也可由附加的部件构成。
在图示的实施方式中，变电模块7的两部分是上下布置的，整体变电模块由两个结合在一起的台架8组成，台架反过来又支撑变电模块的重要部件，如变压器、交直流变换器、开关柜、中压布线装置等。
结合而成的台架8是以框架形式构建的并且精确地组合到一起，从而可以确保相互间可靠的锁紧。
单独的台架8具有四个竖直方向的立柱—相对形成一个矩形—在底部连接到一起。这些立柱在下端和上端处栓接起来。
将变电模块安装到基台上后，塔9是直立的并且滑到变电模块上。因此，就宽度和长度而说，在下部塔区域/基台区域内，变电模块的外径小于塔9内径。
在将塔9直立后，风力发动机配备有机器房，安装有发动机，在发电机和变电模块7之间建立合适的电连接以实现运转，变电模块(变压器的输出端)电偶合到电网。
当上述的用于放置缆索的空导管或装置已预先固定，尤其是固定到预定位置时，因为空导管设置在可与变电模块对应部件精确配合的位置，所以缆索的整体长度最短，即可在变电模块和电网之间快速及方便地建立起连接。
在本发明的风力发电站中，优点是，达到风力发电站的通道即通过基台固定区域的传统的门不再是必要的，而是通过定位在从变电模块输送高压或中压的部件上的区域中脱出的门(通道)。因此，需要在塔的外部相应地设置一个阶梯或楼梯。这样的通道门有一个优点，即，需要经常去发电站的人无须经常经过变电模块的部件，在发电站工作时，这些部件都携带高压或中压。这也确保了在风力发电站工作时没有人会因为无意地接近变电模块和与携带电压或电流的部件接触，而这些无意的行为均会引起重大事故。
在塔的通道门的区域，提供了一个合适的中间平台，这可供进入塔内的人使用，从而人可以在塔内的风力发电站内移到高处或对各种控制装置进行调整或读取测量的数据。
本发明类型的风力发电站一般可以得到多于100KW额定功率，优选地，功率是在500KW、1MW、1.5MW或更多的范围内。更优选地，中间平台上设有一个锁扣板，使用者通过锁扣板可以进入变电模块的下段区域。将入口锁住对变电模块下部提供进一步保护以防止未特许的进入。
在基台区域内的塔内径可以是几米，从而整个表面的面积为100m2或更多，因此，可以有足够大的面积以放置变电模块。在本申请中术语“变电模块”的范围内，变电模块意思为风力发电站的中压和高压携带部件。具体地，这些部件可以是如变压器、交直流变换器、应急开关、和中压开关柜或低压分压器等元件。

Claims (5)

1.一种建造具有塔(9)的风力发电站的方法，所述方法包括：
将板预先定位在塔基台上，所述板在构建所述基台时装配且固定至所述基台；
预先制造变电模块(7)，所述变电模块包括变压器、交直流变换器和其他电气装置，所述电气装置用于控制风力发电站以及用于处理由风力发电站的发电机所产生的电能并将之注入到电网中，其中所述变电模块包括一个台架，该台架容纳所述变电模块的电气装置，并且所述变电模块的台架包括支撑脚；
利用起重机将构建风力发电站所需的所述变电模块设置在所述基台上，从而在建造塔之前将变电模块(7)放置在塔基台上，并且所述所述变电模块的台架的支撑脚靠在所述塔基台上的预先定位的板上；
建造所述塔，使得在所述塔架设后所述变电模块(7)在基台区域内或在所述塔的下部内得到保护；以及
将一个门定位在所述风力发电站中，使得该门从位于变电模块输送高压或中压的部件上的区域中脱出。
2.一种由塔、变电模块组成的风力发电站，塔设在基台上，其中变电模块具有一个变压器，由风力发电站的发电机供应的电能通过变压器变成中压或高压，并且变电模块还包括一个装置，来控制和处理由风力发电站的发电机供应的电能，其中，变电模块具有一个设在风力发电站的基台上的台架，并且台架容纳着变电模块的电气装置，变电模块的宽度和长度小于风力发电站的塔在基台区域内的直径，所述风力发电站包括一个门，该门定位成使得其从位于变电模块输送高压或中压的部件上的区域中脱出。
3.如权利要求2所述的风力发电站，其特征在于：变电模块由构造为两个部件，所述两个部件上下设置，台架构造在转换区域内并设置在第一、第二部件之间从而第一、第二部件能够配合到一起并紧固到一起。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的风力发电站，其特征在于：所述变电模块由变压器、交直流变换器和至少一个开关柜组成，开关柜用于放置风力发电站的电气控制装置。
5.如权利要求2所述的风力发电站，其特征在于：空导管(3)设置在风力发电站的基台内以容置缆索，在基台完成前，空导管通过支臂紧固。
CNB028178211A 2001-09-14 2002-09-12 一种建造风力发电站的方法及由此方法建造的风力发电站 Expired - Lifetime CN1292168C (zh)

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