CN1307491A - 血液抽取系统 - Google Patents

血液抽取系统 Download PDF

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CN1307491A
CN1307491A CN99806936A CN99806936A CN1307491A CN 1307491 A CN1307491 A CN 1307491A CN 99806936 A CN99806936 A CN 99806936A CN 99806936 A CN99806936 A CN 99806936A CN 1307491 A CN1307491 A CN 1307491A
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mentioned
pipe
blood
patient
anticoagulant
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韦斯利·H·维卡特
托马斯·G·克里米
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Harvest Technologies Corp
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Harvest Technologies Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/02—Blood transfusion apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3623—Means for actively controlling temperature of blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3672—Means preventing coagulation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/71—Suction drainage systems
    • A61M1/74—Suction control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/04—Liquids
    • A61M2202/0468—Liquids non-physiological
    • A61M2202/0478—Heparin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86815—Multiple inlet with single outlet
    • Y10T137/86823—Rotary valve

Abstract

本发明包括一个一次性的管道装置(4),用于连接保持在受控负压(真空)下的硬质罐(2)。该装置用于收集和防止患者血液凝固,以便将来再重新输回同一个患者。

Description

血液抽取系统
相关申请
本申请要求于1998年6月1日申请的第50/087,398号美国专利的权益。
背景技术
在外科手术过程中有时会出现严重失血，这就使得向患者输血成为十分必要的事情。抽取患者的部分血液并用结晶溶液回输给患者被认为是合适的。这一在手术前完成的过程，通常被称为血液稀释。而且基于对储存血液的氧气输送能力会极大的降低这样一种共识，这种技术得到了充分的发展，这当中也包括代谢产物，这些产物必须在输血后由患者进行处理。利用血液稀释和在手术前抽取的患者自身血液来补充手术中的患者失血被认为提供了一种更好的减少因患者的血液被稀释而失血的输血方法。
在早期的血液稀释中，抽取血液时仅仅依靠患者的静脉压力和重力使血液自然地排入一个放置在患者下面的袋子中。通过这一过程所能达到的血液流速是非常慢的，而且这一过程要消耗很多昂贵的手术时间。
本发明概述
根据本发明，通过采用一个可精确控制的真空装置可使患者的血液抽取变得更快。采用这种技术，与早期的重力技术相比较，抽取一定量血液所需的时间减少了超过一半，而且不会对抽取的血液造成可计量的损害。
依据本发明的方法，患者的血液循环系统与一个控制在约-100mm±20mmHg范围真空状态的真空罐相连接。这一范围的真空状态使得血液可以快捷而有效的抽取，并且避免对抽取的血液或对患者造成损害。
依据本发明的一个优选的装置包括一个管道装置，用于连接真空罐和插入患者血液循环系统的导管入口或针头。管道装置包括用于连接导管入口或针头的第一管子部分，用于连接抗凝血剂源的带有刺带针的第二管子部分，用于连接真空罐的第三管子部分，和一个连接三个管子部分的管阀，管阀用于混合抗凝血剂和抽取血液并且控制三个管子中液体的流动。这里所说的“管子”是指任何可用来传输液体的装置。在优选实施例中，管子是在医疗过程中通常采用的由生物相容材料制成的柔软的管子。
真空度、管子的尺寸，例如管子内径(ID)和长度，要保持平衡，不会使患者的静脉因为血液循环系统与真空相接所产生的力量而塌陷，但又能提供足够低的压力以加速静脉血液抽取。真空度太高和/或管子及其附件太大都将导致产生过多负压，使得血流因静脉塌陷而变慢或停止。真空度太低、管子及其附件的内径太小或是管子太长将不能提供足够的流速，延长血液的收集时间。此外，与患者相连的管子及其附件和与抗凝血剂相连的管子及其附件的相对尺寸可保证适量的抗凝血剂与抽取血液相混合，以消除抗凝血剂流入患者体内的可能性。
附图简要说明
图1示出了根据本发明的管道装置。
优选实施例详述
参考示意图，根据本发明的装置主要包括一个血液收集罐2和一个管道装置4。
血液收集罐2与真空源(图中未画出)通过导管6相连，真空源是可控的，优选实施例中的真空度为-100mm±20mm Hg。真空源必须是可精确控制的，在优选实施例中采用专利申请号PCT/US96/16771中所述的真空源，其出售时贴有“血流”商标。此系统应用反馈电路不间断地对集血罐中的真空度进行测量，并保持恒定的真空度。由于可提供最大的血液抽取速度，采用持续真空要比早期系统中采用的渐衰真空更优越。此外，申请人发现低的真空度可有效的减少抽取过程中对血液的损害，从而使高质量的血液抽取入患者的体内。
管道装置4包括带有一个luer锁紧件10的第一柔性管子8，它与针头或是导管12相连，针头或导管12与患者的血液循环系统相连。第一管子8较短，大约6英寸长。管子8包括一个次级锁紧件14，后者用来与混合/调节阀相连，例如与管阀16相连。此外，管子8上有一个夹钳18，可在需要切断连接时关闭管子。在优选实施例中，管子8的直径大约是0.124至0.130英寸，锁紧件是一个大的孔(最小内径0.100英寸)，以使血流阻力最小化。
管阀16用于将抗凝血剂与抽取血液混合并且可以控制液体流动的开和关。管阀最好使用大孔径(最小0.100英寸)以减少流动阻力。
第二管子20的一端通过luer连接器22与管阀相连，另一端与血液收集罐相连。第二管子同与患者相连的管子8相比较其内径更大(例如0.184至0.190英寸)，长度也更长(大约84.0英寸)。之所以采用更大的内径至少有三个原因：1.可以减少血液流过长距离时的阻碍。2.可以减少血液在管路中因变冷而使粘度增加所产生的阻碍。3.可补偿由于在管阀中向抽取血液加入抗凝血剂而产生的体积增量。
第三管子24比前两种管子小，用于运送抗凝血剂。这种管子通过luer锁26与管阀16的一端相连接，另一端与刺带针28相连，刺带针采用已知的具有滴液室和过滤器的设计。管子24最好装有液流控制装置，比如象滚轮夹钳30、滴定管、滚轮泵或类似物，以独立控制抗凝血剂流量。仔细的保持真空度、管子直径和管子长度间的平衡对于装置的正常工作是非常重要的，并且使得其工作情况明显好于早期的装置。输送抗凝血剂的导管比管子8小，因而消除了抗凝血剂通过管子8直接输入患者体内的可能。装有抗凝血剂的袋子要放置在患者上方足够远的距离以产生较大的压力。同样，管子20的直径要足够大，使抗凝血剂和血液可自然的流入收集罐2。
管阀16用于在手术当中混合并控制液体的流动。管阀可由具有这些功能的装置所替代，例如在每个管子上安一个T型连接器和一个夹钳。当管阀在使用中，它可能被置于三个位置中的一个位置。在第一个位置，通过管子8的液体被堵塞，这一位置将在准备阶段或是血液抽取完成后使用。在第二个位置，从抗凝血剂管24流出的液体被堵塞，这一位置可在更换抗凝血剂袋时使用。在第三个位置，所有的管路都允许液体流过，在此位置罐中的真空将患者体内的血液抽取，与此同时将抗凝血剂加入抽取的血液中去。抗凝血剂和血液在通过管子20时被充分混合，抗凝血剂可有效的处理血液，而且不需向真空罐2中提供额外的抗凝血剂。
管道装置4包括三个被液流控制装置16所连接的管子8、20和24，管道装置4最好是独立的、无菌的、一次性使用的装置，以保证安全。真空罐2也可以是该装置中的一部分，但最好是独立的真空系统的一个部件。
在手术中，通过将管子8与针头12相连，管子24与抗凝血剂袋相连，管子20与真空罐相连来使用血液抽取装置。在准备过程中，管阀要放置在切断液体从患者体内流出的位置，而且在三个管子连通前后，真空系统可以是开启着的。在装置与患者连接后，管阀要放置在使所有管子都能互相连通的位置，可使血液和抗凝血剂流入收集罐。
可以理解，尽管人们通常只是期望它可以进行静脉血抽取，而此系统也可用于动脉血抽取。
在附加权利要求范围内的改进，对于本领域的技术人员是十分明显的。

Claims (10)

1.一种从患者体内抽取血液的装置，包括：
一个混合连接器；第一管子，其一端与连接患者血液循环系统的导管相连，另一端与上述混合连接器相连；第二管子，其一端与装有抗凝血剂的容器相连，另一端与上述混合连接器相连；和第三管子，其一端与一个真空罐相连，另一端与上述混合连接器相连。
2.如权利要求1中所述的装置，其特征在于上述混合连接器有液体连通的两个入口和一个出口，上述第一、第二管子分别与上述一个入口相连，上述第三管子与上述出口相连。
3.如权利要求2中所述的装置，其特征在于上述混合连接器允许液体同时从上述入口流至上述出口，或是可选择性地阻止液流从上述任何一个入口流出。
4.如权利要求3中所述的装置，其特征在于上述混合连接器是一个三位管阀。
5.如权利要求3中所述的装置，其特征在于在上述真空罐中保持大约-100mmHg的真空。
6.一种从患者体内抽取血液的方法，包括以下步骤：将一个真空罐与患者的血液循环系统液体连通并向上述真空罐提供受控的真空。
7.如权利要求6中所述的方法，其特征在于还包括以下步骤：使抗凝血剂与上述真空罐液体连通，以便抗凝血剂与从患者抽取的血液相混合。
8.如权利要求7中所述的方法，其特征在于将真空罐与患者的血液循环系统液体连通的步骤包括：将与上述真空罐液体连通的第一管子与针头或是导管相连，上述方法还包括将与上述第一管子液体连通的第二管子与装有上述抗凝血剂的容器相连。
9.如权利要求8中所述的方法，其特征在于上述第一管子的液流阻力小于上述第二管子的液流阻力。
10.如权利要求9中所述的方法，其特征在于上述第一管子的直径大于上述第二管子的直径。
CN99806936A 1998-06-01 1999-06-01 血液抽取系统 Pending CN1307491A (zh)

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US8739898P 1998-06-01 1998-06-01
US60/087,398 1998-06-01

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EP (1) EP1083956A4 (zh)
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CA (1) CA2334136A1 (zh)
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CN104245011A (zh) * 2012-01-27 2014-12-24 新加坡美迪宇能私人有限公司 胎盘血提取装置
CN109480862A (zh) * 2012-01-27 2019-03-19 新加坡美迪宇能私人有限公司 胎盘血提取装置

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JP2002516727A (ja) 2002-06-11
US6508778B1 (en) 2003-01-21
EP1083956A4 (en) 2005-08-10
WO1999062583A1 (en) 1999-12-09
EP1083956A1 (en) 2001-03-21

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