CN1307938C - 一个供体内成像的设备和系统 - Google Patents

一个供体内成像的设备和系统 Download PDF

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CN1307938C
CN1307938C CNB01807801XA CN01807801A CN1307938C CN 1307938 C CN1307938 C CN 1307938C CN B01807801X A CNB01807801X A CN B01807801XA CN 01807801 A CN01807801 A CN 01807801A CN 1307938 C CN1307938 C CN 1307938C
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swallowable capsule
capsule
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加夫里尔·伊达恩
多夫·阿维尼
阿尔卡季·格卢霍夫斯基
加夫里尔·梅龙
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Abstract

本发明提供一个获得体内图像的系统和方法。该系统包括一个成像系统(10)和一个将来自CMOS成像摄像机(24)的信号发射到一位病人体外某个接收系统的超低功率射频发射器(26)。该成像系统(10)包括至少一个CMOS成像摄像机(24)、至少一个照射某个体内部位的照明光源(23)和一个使该体内部位在该CMOS成像摄像机(24)上成像的光学系统(22)。

Description

一个供体内成像的设备和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一个体内成像设备和系统，譬如为消化道成像的设备和系统。
背景技术
已知的体内测量系统包括内窥镜，它们常常用来提供上、下胃肠道的图像。但是，内窥镜不能观察小肠的全部。另外，它们令人不舒服、可能对病人造成损伤并且操作复杂。
人们已经知道可吞咽电子胶囊，它们借助消化作用通过消化道，收集数据并将该数据发射到一个接收系统，一个例子是“Heidelberg”胶囊。另一个例子是美国专利5,604,531公布的一种胶囊。这些胶囊可以用于测量整个肠道的pH值、温度和压力。
发明内容
本发明的设备和系统可以从身体内部管腔或体腔获得体内图像，譬如整个胃肠(DI)道的图像。该设备和系统包括一个由某种互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)成像摄像机构成的成像系统。该设备还包括一个将来自CMOS成像摄像机的信号发射到某个接收系统的超低功率射频(RF)发射器。
该CMOS成像摄像机是一个超低功率成像器，对红色光谱具有低灵敏度，以芯片级封装(CSP)形式供应。该发射器是一个具有高带宽输入的、能够以芯片级封装形式提供的超低功率RF发射器。
本发明设备和系统的成像系统所能取得的高集成度和低功耗在CMOS技术发展之前是无法获得的。此外，一种超低功耗、高带宽输入的视频信号发射器在技术上亦不为人知。而且，以前技术上也还没有公布过一种CSP形式的RF产品。
另外，该成像系统可以采用白光发光二极管(LED)作为光源，而不需要目前技术中上采用的一种略带红色的微型白炽灯泡或一个RGB LED。该白光LED可以生成质量更高、使眼睛更加舒适的图像。
所以根据本发明的一个实施例提供了一个体内成像设备。该设备包括至少一个生成视频输出的成像系统(最好是数字输出)和一个将该视频输出发射到某个接收系统的发射器。
该成像系统包括一个CMOS成像摄像机、至少一个照射某个体内部位的照明光源和一个使该体内部位在该CMOS成像摄像机上成像的光学系统。
该照明光源可以是一个白光LED。这里提及的术语“白光LED”涉及一个蓝光LED芯片(发出蓝色光谱范围的光)和一个折射晶体的某种组合。该蓝光LED芯片封装在该折射晶体之内，从而使得入射到该晶体的蓝光以不同的光谱发射而生成白光。从该折射晶体发出的白光具有少量红光和更加少量的红外(IR)光，或者几乎不存在红外光。
该照明光源可以是某个折射晶体基质中集成了一组蓝光LED芯片的一个特殊集成光源。
该设备的部件藏匿在具有一个光学窗口的某个外壳之中。该外壳的结构可以被插入和通过身体管腔或体腔。
根据本发明的一个实施例还提供了一个供体内成像的系统，它包括一个生成视频输出(最好是数字输出)的成像系统、一个发射该成像系统视频输出的发射器和一个接收该被发射视频输出的接收系统。该成像系统包括一个CMOS成像摄像机、一个照射某个体内部位的照明光源和一个使该体内部位在该CMOS成像摄像机上成像的光学系统。
该系统还可以包括一个天线阵列，该天线阵列能够包围某个人体并有一个或一组接收该被发射视频输出以及产生一组接收信号的天线。而且该系统还可以包括一个能够将这组接收到的视频信号转换为一个单独视频数据流的解调器。该系统还可以包括一个从该单独数据流产生跟踪及视频数据的数据处理系统。
该接收系统和数据处理器通常放置在一位病人的体外。
作为可选方案，该系统还可以包括一个断续操作该发射器的装置。
在本发明的一个实施例中，该设备是一粒可吞咽胶囊，它具有一个光学窗口，并包括一个获得整个胃肠道体内图像的成像系统和一个将该所得图像发射到某个接收系统的发射器。
该成像系统包括一个CMOS成像摄像机，一个白光LED和一个使某个胃肠道部位在该CMOS成像摄像机上成像的透镜。该可吞咽胶囊还包括一个为该胶囊的全部电子元件提供能量的封闭能源。
根据本发明的一个实施例还提供了一个以视频将信号发射到某个接收系统的发射器。受某个常开(NO)开关控制的该发射器包括一个控制本发明设备中照明和成像器的控制块。
该常开开关受一个外部磁铁控制，当该磁铁靠近该开关时能保持该开关闭合。不过，有一个内部块来维护某个断开的开关的逻辑操作，以便保持该发射器电路和所有胶囊主子系统在该外部磁铁存在时不发生动作。移去该外部磁铁可使该开关打开并使该内部块闭合，从而使该发射器电路以及胶囊主子系统被激活。
还提供了一种用来获得体内图像的方法。该方法包括如下步骤：照射某个体内部位；将减弱的光线集中到某个CMOS成像摄像机的像素，从而产生一个模拟信号；处理该模拟信号并将其转换为数字信号；对该数字信号作随机化处理；将该数字信号发射到一个接收系统；处理该发射出的信号来获得该体内部位的图像。
附图说明
根据后面结合例图所作的详细说明可以更充分地理解和领略本发明。这些例图包括：
图1是一幅根据本发明一个实施例的某个体内成像设备的示意纵向剖面图；
图2是一幅根据本发明一个实施例的CMOS成像摄像机的示意图；
图3是根据本发明一个实施例并包括一个特殊集成照明光源的某个设备的一幅剖面示意图；
图4是一幅根据本发明一个实施例的发射器的方框图；
图5是一幅根据本发明一个实施例的方法的方框图。
具体上述方式
本发明的设备和系统可用来观察体内管腔和体腔，并用来发射至少视频数据。
现在参考图1，图1表示根据本发明一个实施例的设备和它的部件。设备10通常包括一个光学窗口21和一个获得某个身体管腔(譬如胃肠道)内部图像的成像系统。该成像系统包括一个照明光源23(譬如一个白光LED)、一个检测这些图像的CMOS成像摄像机24和一个将这些图像聚焦到该CMOS成像摄像机24上的光学系统22。照明光源23通过光学窗口21照射该身体管腔的内部。设备10还包括能发射CMOS成像摄像机24的视频信号的一个发射器26和一个天线27，以及一个为设备10的各电子元件供电的电源25，譬如一个氧化银电池。
可以理解，许多CMOS成像摄像机可以用于本发明的设备和系统。每个CMOS成像摄像机可以根据该设备或系统的特殊要求而包括它自己的光学系统以及一个或多个照明光源。
CMOS摄像机24所获得的图像被发射到某个接收系统(未画)，该接收系统还可以包括一个数据处理单元。该接收系统和数据处理单元通常放置在一位病人的体外。
设备10具有胶囊形状，可以很容易地被吞咽，并在自然蠕动的推动下被动通过整个胃肠道。
但是应当理解，该设备可以具有任何适宜于插入和通过某个身体管腔和体腔的形状。而且，本发明的设备可以附加到或附接到一个插入身体管腔和体腔的仪器，譬如内窥镜、腹腔镜、支架、注射针、导液管等等。
所以，该设备可以通过吞咽、采用一个内窥镜设备、通过外壳手术等等导入某个身体管腔和体腔。
举例来说，一个合适的CMOS成像摄像机24是一个由以色列GivenImaging有限公司(Given Imaging Ltd.of Yokneam，Israel)列出规格、美国Photobit公司(Photobit Corporation of California，USA)设计、具有集成活动像素和后处理电路的“芯片摄像机”类型的CMOS成像器(将会参考图2作进一步说明)。该单芯片摄像机既可以提供黑白信号也可以提供彩色信号。
该CMOS成像摄像机24被设计得对红光光谱的敏感性低于已有的CMOS摄像机。
光学系统22包括至少一个透镜以及可以选用的反射镜和/或棱镜来将减弱的光线收集和对准到CMOS成像摄像机24的像素。通常该光学系统包括一个非球面聚焦透镜。举例来说，一种合适的透镜是GivenImaging有限公司根据特殊的物镜平面、失真和分辨率参数设计的透镜。
照明光源23通过光学窗口21将照明光线发射到该身体管腔的腔壁。然后光学系统22的透镜将忽强忽弱的光线聚焦到CMOS成像摄像机24的像素。
可以根据特殊的成像要求(譬如避免散射光等)而采用和放置单个或多个光源或者一个特殊的集成光源。而且，光学窗口21可以根据该设备形状以及根据特殊的成像要求来定位和造形。譬如，当光学窗口21构造得能形成一个椭圆体形状的拱顶、CMOS成像芯片摄像机系统24以及照明光源23位于该光学拱顶所成形状的焦平面附近时，就能获得最佳的成像条件。WO 00/76391说明了如何获得上述成像条件，该专利已经转让给本发明的公共受让人，于此整体参考编入。
本发明中成像的体内部位通常非常接近该成像器。譬如，一个通过小肠并使之成像的11×30mm胶囊从一个很近的距离使小肠壁成像。所以能够使用固态照明光源(譬如LED)来满足该成像过程的照明要求。
在本发明的一个实施例中，该照明光源是一个白光LED。从该白光LED发射的白光中有很少一部分红光和更少部分的红外光。因为硅树脂对红光和红外光的灵敏度，所以一个白光LED对于使用基于硅树脂的图像传感器(譬如CMOS成像摄像机)十分有益。
在一个包括本发明的对红光光谱灵敏度变低的CMOS成像摄像机以及白光照明光源的系统中，不需要加过滤红外光的滤波器(适光滤波器)。
一个合适的发射器可以包括一个接收来自该CMOS成像摄像机的视频信号(数字的或者模拟的)的调制器、一个射频(RF)放大器、一个阻抗匹配器和一个天线。该发射器将在图4作进一步说明。
该系统的其他可选部件以及一种为包含该系统的胶囊在消化系统中定位的方法可以类似于US 5,604,531中的描述(已转让给本发明的共同受让人并于此整体参考编入)。
设备10可以另外包括测量pH值、温度、压力等的传感器元件。这些传感器元件可以是适合测量身体管腔(譬如消化系统)内主导状况并能够附加到或包括进该设备的任何元件，在现有技术中已经描述了其中的一些元件。
现在参考图2，图中显示了该CMOS成像摄像机的示意布置。CMOS成像摄像机200包括一个单独芯片上的活动像素和后处理电路。CMOS成像摄像机200包括光电元件202(该CMOS成像摄像机的像素)、相关二重采样器(CDS)204、模数(A/D)转换器206、编码及随机化单元208和控制及同步该电路元件的定时发生器210。
由某个光学系统收集的光线直射CMOS成像摄像机200，当该光线被光电元件202吸收时光子转变为电子。电子被转换为电流，该活动像素电路则产生一个模拟信号。该模拟信号经过传送由芯片上的后处理器作进一步处理。该信号又进一步被CDS 204处理。CDS 204执行相关二重采样，在将该信号传送到A/D转换器206之前消除噪声并进行信号整形。A/D转换器206是一个能够启动串行低功率信号传输的串行输出A/D转换器。该信号被转换成一个数字信号，并进一步传送到编码及随机化单元208来构成帧和行参数(编码)以及准备好数据使之可供发射(随机化)。编码及随机化单元208使数字“0”和“1”信号随机出现，从而使得发射不会因某个重复出现的同一类型信号而被阻止。
根据某个用于体内成像的技术说明，CMOS成像摄像机200由以色列Given Imaging有限公司设定规格，并由美国Photobit公司设计。该CMOS成像芯片具有超低功率要求(3毫瓦)。该成像摄像机产生的暗电流的上升动态特性是温度的函数，它低于技术上已知的固态设备，所以在37℃时该输出视频信号的一个很小部分是暗电流。而且正如上面讨论的那样，该成像摄像机对红色光谱内光线的灵敏度变低，所以不需要适光滤波器。
现在参考图3，图中供体内成像的设备包括某个特殊的集成光源。设备300包括CMOS成像摄像机302、一个使体内图像在CMOS成像摄像机302上成像的光学系统(未画)和一个照射某个体内部位的集成光源304。设备300还包括一个将来自成像摄像机302的视频数据发射到某个接收器(未画)的发射器305。发射器305为光源304产生一个高电压电流源。集成光源304通过连接导线301被连接到发射器305。该设备的电气部件由一个装在该设备内部的电池(未画)供电。
集成光源304包括一条围绕CMOS成像摄像机302的带状折射晶体基质306。封装在带状折射晶体基质306内部的蓝光LED芯片308沿带状体306分布，从而在围绕CMOS成像摄像机302的一个环上提供照明。
蓝光LED芯片308还可以散置在整条带状体306上以使整个带状体306发光。
现在参考图4，它表示该发射器的一幅方框图。发射器400是一个设计得满足国际通信标准(譬如FCC标准)的专用集成电路(ASIC)，它操作一个最小相移键控(MSK)调制系统来使数字信号通过天线426和427以射频发射到某个接收系统。发射器400还控制本发明设备的照明和成像器，以及控制该开关的逻辑转换(见前)。发射器400包括一个与外部编程输入428通信的一次编程单元408、一个与该成像器通信的控制逻辑块401、一个与调制器425通信的锁相回路(PLL)402，作为选项，还包括一个控制该照明的LED电源及控制块403、一个主振荡器404和一个控制某个内部电子开关406的开关405。
控制逻辑块401与该成像器通信，在编程模式下读入预编程参数并实现与“外”界的连接。控制块401维持一个主时钟，由位速率数据412和帧速率413同步，并通过该成像器产生的控制411来触发LED电源及控制块403。控制逻辑块401还控制主时钟414和成像器关机信号415。
在关机期间，该发射器只发送信标信号。关机可以经济利用该设备的电源供应。譬如，在一个设计用于小肠成像的设备中，发射器400可以通过编程来包括一个两小时的迟延，在该迟延期间内该成像器和其他电子器件均被关闭。两小时大约是特定病人使一个可吞咽设备通过胃部进入小肠所需的时间。所以在这些病人中，只是当该设备到达小肠时该设备才会利用电池的供电来收集图像。
PLL 402是一个旨在自动校正发射频率漂移的反馈系统。PLL 402包括一个不取决于通道频率而进行快速分频的预引比例器424。预引比例器424与一个对振荡器404频率分频来实现PLL参考频率的分频器421通信。分度值与通道有关。PLL 402还包括一个实现该PLL的频率比较以及相位比较的相位频率检测器(PED)422和一个实现整个回路的回路传输整形的电荷泵423。
LED电源及控制块403包括一个受外部电容器431控制的高压电源432。LED电源及控制块403还包括一个强电流源433，该LED的电流峰值由连接到LedRes 435的电阻器控制。
发射器400由一个外部磁力开关405控制。如上所述，开关405是一个由某个外部磁铁维持闭合的常开(NO)开关。开关405控制一个能控制所有设备电子器件的内部电子开关406。电子开关406包括一个将常开开关405的逻辑转换为“常闭”(NC)逻辑的低漏电电路，所以尽管开关405是一个常开开关，但在它闭合时却能使该发射器不工作。
该低漏电电路每年只使用该电池功率的1％至3％，所以内部电子开关406在该设备电源状况中不是一个重要因素。
在本发明的一个实施例中，该设备是一个具有某个光学窗口的可吞咽胶囊，它包括一个CMOS成像摄像机、若干白光LED、一个光学系统、一个发射器和电池。当被包装在某个带有一块磁铁的封装中时，该可吞咽胶囊保持不活动状态，譬如PCT申请IL 00/00752中描述的磁力封装(已经转让给本发明的共同受让人，并于此完全参考编入)。临到使用之前除去带有磁铁的封装就能使开关405断开，从而激活该发射器，并利用它启动成像器和照明的运行。
发射器400中信息的输入带宽超过1.35兆位每秒。技术上还没有展示过如此低功率、高输入带宽的发送视频数据的发射器。
现在参考图5，它显示本发明方法的一幅方框图。该供体内成像的方法包括如下步骤：照射某个体内部位(502)；将减弱的光线集中到某个CMOS成像摄像机的像素，从而产生一个模拟信号(504)；将该模拟信号转换为一个数字信号(506)；随机化该数字信号(508)；将该数字信号发射到一个接收系统(510)；处理该发射出的信号以便获得该体内部位的图像(512)。
照明步骤(502)最好通过采用白光LED来照射该体内部位来实现。根据该系统的特殊需要，照明可以是连续的，也可以是交变的。
将来自该体内部位的减弱的光线进行集中(504)并将它引导到某个CMOS成像芯片的像素可以采用一个光学系统来实现，该光学系统包括一个透镜，还可以包括任何合适的准直仪。
将该模拟信号转换为一个数字信号(506)最好采用某种串行方法实现。
使该数字信号随机化(508)，即使数字信号(“0”和“1”)随机出现，可以使传输不会因为某个重复出现的同一类型信号而被阻止。
信号的传输(510)是用射频(大约432至434MHz)以每秒2至8帧画面的某个速率传送到附加于某位病人身体的天线阵列来实现的。这些天线可以进行图像捕捉，并被用来计算以及指示该病人体内成像器的位置。上述US 5,604,531提供了一个计算和指示该病人体内成像器位置的示例。
信号处理(512)可以采用合适的处理器和软件来实现。譬如，RAPID软件(以色列Given Imaging有限公司开发并拥有的适当软件)被用来获取从该胃肠道内所捕捉图像的一个视频片段。该视频片段可以在该成像设备通过该胃肠道时与该成像设备的轨迹同步，以便确定该设备在该胃肠道内的位置。
另外，可以采用一组能够被移动到产生最佳接收条件的位置的接收天线。
该图像可以被储存在一个由某条传送带运载的小型便携式记录器，随后再下载供分析和检索。另外，该接收器也可以被直接连接到一个固定的数据记录器。
试验是用一个11×30mm的胶囊来进行的，该胶囊包括一个CMOS成像芯片和微型处理器、多个白光LED光源、一个短焦距透镜和一个微型发射器及天线。氧化银电池供电的胶囊被吞咽后，可以获得5个多小时的胃肠道图像连续记录。
对走动的狗，已经获得了长达6小时的高质量视频图像实况传输。
经伦理委员会批准，已经对人类志愿者进行了研究。该胶囊很容易吞咽。已经获得了来自胃部和小肠的活动图像。没有感觉到不舒适。在整个传输中该光学窗口始终保持清晰。
信号强度的三角分析法允许对该胶囊位置进行连续监测。可以在2小时内成功完成小肠的成像。
熟习该技术的人员可以理解，本发明并不限于上文特别展示和说明的内容。更正确地讲，本发明的范围仅由下述权利要求来定义。

Claims (22)

1、一种供胃肠道体内成像的可吞咽胶囊，该胶囊包括外壳，该外壳包含一个光学窗口，该外壳至少封装：
至少一个成像摄像机；
至少两个照射某个胃肠道部位的照明光源；
使该胃肠道部位在该成像摄像机上成像的光学系统，其中光学系统处于成像摄像机和光学窗口之间，但不处于照明光源与光学窗口之间，该光学系统与光学窗口分开，该摄像机经由该光学窗口和光学系统使该部位成像，照明光源通过光学窗口直接照射某个胃肠道部位，光学系统的透镜将光聚焦到成像摄像机；及
发射该成像摄像机输出的发射器。
2、根据权利要求1的可吞咽胶囊，其中照明光源包括白光LED。
3、根据权利要求1的可吞咽胶囊，其中照明光源包括一个其内部集成了至少一个蓝光LED芯片的折射晶体基质。
4、根据权利要求1的可吞咽胶囊，其中该光学系统包括非球面聚焦透镜。
5、根据权利要求4的可吞咽胶囊，其中该光学系统还包括至少一个将忽强忽弱的光线集中的准直仪。
6、根据权利要求1的可吞咽胶囊，其中该发射器包括将某个常开开关的逻辑转换为常闭逻辑的内部电子开关。
7、根据权利要求1的可吞咽胶囊，其中发送用于胶囊激活后关机一段时间的关机信号。
8、根据权利要求1的可吞咽胶囊，其中该发射器经由射频进行发射。
9、根据权利要求1的可吞咽胶囊，其中可吞咽胶囊30mm长。
10、根据权利要求1的可吞咽胶囊，其中至少一个成像摄像机包括CMOS成像摄像机。
11、根据权利要求10的可吞咽胶囊，其中该COMS成像摄像机包括活动像素电路。
12、根据权利要求11的可吞咽胶囊，其中该CMOS成像摄像机包括处理该活动像素电路所产生的模拟信号的相关二重采样器。
13、根据权利要求10的可吞咽胶囊，其中该COMS成像摄像机包括具有串行输出的模数转换器。
14、根据权利要求10的可吞咽胶囊，其中该CMOS成像摄像机包括定义帧以及行参数并准备好数字信号使之可供发射的编码及随机化单元。
15、根据权利要求10的可吞咽胶囊，其中该CMOS成像摄像机包括：
活动像素电路，该电路产生模拟信号；
处理该活动像素电路所产生的模拟信号的相关二重采样器；
具有串行输出的、将该模拟信号转换为数字信号的模数转换器；和
定义帧以及行参数并准备好该数字信号使之可供发射的编码及随机化单元。
16、根据权利要求10的可吞咽胶囊，其中该发射器包括控制该CMOS成像摄像机的控制块。
17、根据权利要求16的可吞咽胶囊，其中该控制块还控制照明光源。
18、根据权利要求17的可吞咽胶囊，其中该控制块将一个关机信号发送到该成像摄像机使它停止工作，并发送到该发射器本身来停止主胶囊子系统的工作。
19、根据权利要求1的可吞咽胶囊，包括控制成像摄像机的控制块。
20、根据权利要求1的可吞咽胶囊，包括控制照明光源的控制块。
21、一种供体内成像的可吞咽胶囊，所述胶囊包括：
光学窗口；
至少一个图像传感器；
使某个体内部位在该图像传感器上成像的光学系统；
将来自该图像传感器的信号发射到某个接收系统的发射器，及
照明光源，照射该体内部位，该照明光源包括至少一个蓝光LED芯片和一个折射晶体；
其中光学系统处于图像传感器和光学窗口之间，但不处于照明光源与光学窗口之间，该光学系统与光学窗口分开，该图像传感器经由该光学窗口和光学系统使该部位成像，照明光源通过光学窗口直接照射某个胃肠道部位，光学系统的透镜将光聚焦到图像传感器。
22、根据权利要求21的胶囊，其中该至少一个蓝光LED芯片被集成到所述折射晶体基质之内。
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