CN1309733A - 干洗方法和溶剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种干洗系统和方法,包括特别设计的干洗机,结合使用一种环状硅氧烷溶剂。在一个优选实施例中,所述方法包括以下步骤:衣物放入洗涤筐中;浸泡于硅氧烷合成物中,进行搅动;去除大部分硅氧烷合成物;对洗涤物进行离心甩干;将洗涤物置于部分真空中,并提升温度;冷却并恢复压力,取出洗涤物。
Description
本发明属于对服装、织物、纺织品等进行干洗的一般领域。本发明涉及一种更为独特的方法和设备,用于干洗织物,采用一种以前不曾在干洗机中使用过的溶剂。该发明特别地作用于干洗设备,使用硅氧烷基溶剂,这种溶剂有着理想的闪点值(超过140华氏度),在特别设计的干洗过程中,对织物安全可靠(不掉色,不起皱),并且具有上好的溶解脂肪酸、油垢、油脂的特性。
在先技术
干洗是一种遍及世界的重要行业。仅在美国就有4万多家干洗店(其中许多有连锁店)。
干洗是当今经济中不可缺少的行业。许多衣物(及其他物品)必须进行干洗,以除去身体分泌油脂,保持清洁,同时防止缩水及褪色。
迄今为止普遍采用的干洗剂是全氯乙烯(PERC)。它的使用存在着许多不利因素,包括其自身的毒性和气味。迄今为止,广泛使用的机器设备,都是专为使用全氯乙烯设计的。这也是在工业中的另一个限制因素。
在该领域中存在的另一个问题是,不同的织物需要不同的系统,以防止织物在干洗过程中被损坏。
先前的干洗工艺包括使用各式溶剂及适合的机器来完成洗涤。过去最普遍采用的溶剂是全氯乙烯(通常称为PERC)。全氯乙烯有着非常好的洗涤效果,但其主要缺陷是危害健康,污染环境(即,它的使用会导致许多种癌症,污染地下水,损害水生物)。在一些地区,全氯乙烯已被禁用。此外,过去也曾尝试使用其他溶剂,例如石油基溶剂、乙二醇酯、醚类。所述各类溶剂的洗涤效果及与织物的适用,可与全氯乙烯进行类比。
本发明与传统工艺有着明显的不同之处,它采用的非全氯乙烯溶剂,如下所述,有着良好的特性,并且,所采用的方法,包括为所述的溶剂专门设计的干洗机设备。
唯一将环状硅氧烷组分用于洗涤目的描述,在美国专利4,685,930号中由Kasprzak披露。然而,该披露仅就斑点清洗提出申请。既没有披露在环状硅氧烷中浸泡衣物,也没有任何关于在干洗机中使用环状硅氧烷的建议。此外,没有建议涉及诸如将纺织品浸泡于环状硅氧烷中,搅动,旋转,部分抽真空及加热等连续过程,以批量方式干燥、清洁衣物,从大量衣物上去除脂肪、油脂和其他污物。
发明简述
本发明包括一种新的干洗系统和方法,在本发明中,改进的干洗机与特制溶剂结合使用,所述的溶剂源于一种有机/无机杂化物(有机硅氧烷)。在此类有机硅氧烷中,有一组已知为环状硅氧烷。这类环状硅氧烷作为溶剂材料的基本化学组分,使干洗系统更为有效。所述的环状硅氧烷基溶剂,使该系统应用对环境保护更为有利,同时,在洗涤织物等方面也较以往系统更为有效。所述的硅氧烷组分被用于干洗机,以贯彻本发明的方法。在一个优选实施例中,该流程包括如下步骤:将衣物放置于洗涤筐;洗涤物浸泡于硅氧烷组分中,搅动洗涤物;除去绝大部分硅氧烷组分;离心甩干洗涤物;对洗涤物施以负压,升温;冷却并恢复常压后,将洗涤物从筐中取出。
发明目的
本发明的主要目的,提供了一种无害于环境的干洗溶剂和技术。
本发明的第二个目的,是提供的一种所用的溶剂不损伤衣物的干洗方法。
本发明第三个目的,提供了一种不沉淀或积聚于衣物,同时是低应变源的干洗溶剂。
本发明的第四个目的,提供了一种有着独特的可燃性特征,其闪点和燃点至少分离10华氏度,因而在闪点和燃点间可以自熄的干洗溶剂。
本发明的第五个目的,提供的干洗溶剂可以加热到室温,(70华氏度以上),进一步改进和加速洗涤过程,而不会损伤织物。
本发明第六个目的,提供的干洗溶剂具有小于18达因/平方厘米的低表面张力,能更好地穿透织物纤维,去掉污渍,并更易于从衣物上去除溶剂。
前述的目的和本发明的其他目的及优点,结合对以下优选实施例的描述,对本行业技术人员来说,是显而易见的。
附图简要描述
前述本发明的目的和优点,以及附加的目的和优点,将通过下文的发明详细描述、优选实施例,以及附图得到更好的理解。
图1是本发明一个实施例的方框流程图。
一个优选实施例的详细描述
所述的干洗方法是独特的,采用了常见的液态的、环状硅氧烷溶剂,该溶剂普遍用于化妆品和制药行业。以下环状硅氧烷更为独特:八甲基环四硅氧烷(四聚物),十甲基环戊硅氧烷(五聚物),十二甲基环六硅氧烷(六聚物)。这种液体从不曾作为用于干洗机或作为干洗溶剂被披露过。上述四聚物和五聚物的合成物,其自身的单纯形式是无法完全适应干洗过程的。在优选实施例的干洗方法中对其进行了改良。改良形式有:加入沙土悬浮添加剂,防止尘土等脏物在洗涤、漂洗过程中再沉淀;加入水溶性污渍清洗剂;及消毒、灭菌剂,以消灭所有衣物中存在的微生物和细菌。
下列步骤更明确地描述了优选实施例的干洗方法:
在步骤1中,服装或要干洗的其他物品,被放入一个垂直的洗涤、干燥一体机中,带有一个水平搅动洗衣筐(本领域技术人员熟知)。筐筒有许多孔洞,优选的是每孔直径1/8-3/8英寸。
在步骤2中,洗涤循环被引入由环状硅氧烷四聚物和五聚物组成的溶剂。优选的组合是占重量80%四聚物和20%五聚物。用来对前述混合物做调整的添加剂,可在洗涤循环前加入,不必作为溶剂的组成部分。所述的添加剂,也就是清洁剂和悬浮制剂,允许溶剂完成服装的整个洗涤过程。溶剂从储存罐中被泵入洗涤筐。洗涤物被搅动,对衣物进行机械揉搓,渗入的溶剂去除织物纤维中的尘垢和身体脂肪,所述的搅动持续3-10分钟。然后,通过一个阀门,溶剂泵出洗涤筐,通过活性炭或粘土过滤器系统,去除洗涤过程中混入的污物,流入保存罐。
在步骤3中,将被洗净的衣物甩干,优选的是3-5分钟,转速大约为350-1000RPM(转数/分钟);最好是450转/分钟-750转/分钟。此过程使洗涤物中残存溶剂不超过3%。转速越高,离心力作用于旋转筐,去除溶剂速度越快。所述溶剂的低表面张力,最大程度地提高了离心过程去除溶剂的效力。
在步骤4中,服装在盛衣筐中翻滚,加热至120-140华氏度。通过蛇形管注入加压蒸汽,使用一个循环通风器,加热盛衣筐中的空气,完成加热过程。与此同时,可在机器内产生部分真空,提供500-600毫米汞柱(大气压为760毫米汞柱)的负压。在此加热循环中,溶剂混合物被汽化,被循环空气带入冷凝蛇形管中,主气流中蒸汽被冷凝成液态,进行收集。气流可在闭环系统中被再次加热。一般是用15-20分钟,溶剂混合物从洗涤物中去除。
步骤5中,加热循环停止,冷却循环开始。温度会从140华氏度降至100华氏度。此过程是通过去除真空,将空气在冷却管中循环,直至完成冷却过程。
在接近或低于体温的条件下,从机器内取出衣物,结束洗涤过程,可以减少二次起皱。温度较高时取出,则会引起褶皱。
在此披露的本发明方法和设备的优选实施例,应理解为是示范性描述,而非限定性描述。
Claims (10)
1.一种干洗物品的方法,包括如下步骤:将要干洗的洗涤物浸泡于含有环状硅氧烷组分的干洗液中;在所述组分中搅动洗涤物;除去绝大部分硅氧烷组分;用离心甩干、加热的方法除去洗涤物中所述的组分。
2.根据权利要求1的一种干洗方法,所述的进行干洗的衣物,在被搅动之后,被加热甩干之前,提供真空负压,以降低混合物闪点。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,所述的环状硅氧烷合成物包含五聚物、四聚物环状硅氧烷,作为溶剂使用于干洗机中。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的方法,所述的环状硅氧烷混合物,包含清洁剂、消毒剂、悬浮剂和增光剂。
5.一种洗涤物干洗的方法由以下步骤组成:洗涤物被放入一个垂直的洗涤、干燥一体机的洗涤筐中;向洗涤筐中引入一种环状硅氧烷混合物;搅动所述的洗涤筐中的洗涤物和硅氧烷混合物;对洗涤筐中的洗涤物进行离心甩干,去除洗涤物中的环状硅氧烷混合物;将洗涤筐中的洗涤物置于部分真空中;在部分真空中条件下加热洗涤筐中的洗涤物;冷却洗涤物;从洗涤筐中取出洗涤物。
6.一种用于干洗衣物的设备,由下列部分组成:
一种干洗机,有一个盛放所述的洗涤物及环状硅氧烷混合物料源的洗衣筐;一台液体泵,用于将混合物打入洗衣筐;一部电动机,用于搅动和旋转洗衣筐;一台真空泵,用于向洗涤物施加负压;一台加热器,用于提高洗涤物温度。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备,所用的合成物包括八甲基环四硅氧烷和十甲基环戊硅氧烷组成的混合物。
8.根据权利要求6所述的设备,所用的合成物由至少两种环状硅氧烷混合物组成。
9.根据权利要求7所述设备,所用的合成物更进一步包括一种清洁剂。
10.根据权利要求8所述的设备,所用的合成物进一步包括至少一种添加剂,可以是清洁剂、消毒剂、悬浮剂和增亮剂。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/115,352 US5942007A (en) | 1997-08-22 | 1998-07-14 | Dry cleaning method and solvent |
US09/115,352 | 1998-07-14 |
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CN1309733A true CN1309733A (zh) | 2001-08-22 |
CN1141436C CN1141436C (zh) | 2004-03-10 |
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CNB998085898A Expired - Lifetime CN1141436C (zh) | 1998-07-14 | 1999-07-14 | 干洗方法 |
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US (1) | US5942007A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1084289B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3338429B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100610966B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1141436C (zh) |
AR (2) | AR019386A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE215631T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU752824B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9912088B1 (zh) |
CO (1) | CO5090927A1 (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ291091B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69901179T3 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1084289T4 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2175999T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1036641A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HU228639B1 (zh) |
IL (3) | IL140832A0 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO330363B1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ509452A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL207711B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT1084289E (zh) |
TR (1) | TR200100312T2 (zh) |
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ZA (2) | ZA200100225B (zh) |
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CN101735906B (zh) * | 2009-12-21 | 2013-03-13 | 北京绿泽宇和科技有限公司 | 一种干洗溶剂组合物 |
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US6045588A (en) | 1997-04-29 | 2000-04-04 | Whirlpool Corporation | Non-aqueous washing apparatus and method |
US6086635A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 2000-07-11 | Greenearth Cleaning, Llc | System and method for extracting water in a dry cleaning process involving a siloxane solvent |
US6056789A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 2000-05-02 | Greenearth Cleaning Llc. | Closed loop dry cleaning method and solvent |
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