CN1325514A - 确定两个或多个模型之间的区别的方法 - Google Patents

确定两个或多个模型之间的区别的方法 Download PDF

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CN1325514A
CN1325514A CN99812190A CN99812190A CN1325514A CN 1325514 A CN1325514 A CN 1325514A CN 99812190 A CN99812190 A CN 99812190A CN 99812190 A CN99812190 A CN 99812190A CN 1325514 A CN1325514 A CN 1325514A
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塔德·A德弗勒
亚历山大·科索斯基
萨斯特赖·南杜里
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UNITED IMAGINATIVE COMPUTER CO
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/466—Transaction processing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
    • Y10S707/99933—Query processing, i.e. searching
    • Y10S707/99936—Pattern matching access
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99943—Generating database or data structure, e.g. via user interface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99944—Object-oriented database structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99944—Object-oriented database structure
    • Y10S707/99945—Object-oriented database structure processing

Abstract

一种比较第一模型和第二模型的方法。该方法包括识别第一模型和第二模型中的元数据,针对第一模型的元数据的对象计算第一组特征标记,和针对第二模型的元数据的对象计算第二组特征标记。相互对应的第一模型的对象和第二模型的对象具有相同特征标记。该方法还包括确定第一组特征标记中的哪些特征标记与第二组特征标记中的特征标记匹配。该方法还包括针对匹配的特征标记确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的对象是否等同于与第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的对象。

Description

确定两个或多个模型之间的区别的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求1998年10月16日提交的题为“建模工具的系统和方法”的美国专利申请No.60/104,682的申请日的权益。
本申请涉及共同待审的题为“用于建模工具的装置和方法”的美国专利申请No.＿＿＿＿(代理人卷号#22074661-25535)，在此将其全部引入作为参考。
本申请涉及共同待审的题为“用于模型效果分析的方法”的美国专利申请No.＿＿＿＿(代理人卷号#22074661-25532)，在此将其全部引入作为参考。
本申请涉及共同待审的题为“可扩展宏语言的方法和系统”的美国专利申请No.＿＿＿＿(代理人卷号#22074661-25533)，在此将其全部引入作为参考。
本申请涉及共同待审的题为“用于通过SQL输入对分级数据存储进行访问的方法及装置”的美国专利申请No.＿＿＿＿(代理人卷号#22074661-25534)，在此将其全部引入作为参考。
发明领域
本发明涉及确定两个或多个模型之间的区别。
背景技术
对诸如文件之类的项目之间进行比较是很常见的事情。已经提供了比较诸如字处理文件之类的文件并指出每个文件之间的区别的产品。知道了问题范畴并且理解了语义内容以后可进行这些比较。通过这种比较提供的两个文件之间的区别是可接受的。
然而，存在着在不知道问题范畴并且不理解模型的语义内容的情况下比较和获得诸如模型之类的项目之间的区别的需求。因此，可在既不必了解该数据的专用格式，也不必了解该数据代表什么的情况下在模型之间进行比较。结果是，可以产生类别比较工具和方法。
发明概述
本发明的一个方面提供了比较第一模型和第二模型的方法。该方法包括识别第一模型和第二模型中的元数据，针对第一模型的元数据的对象计算第一组特征标记(signature)，和针对第二模型的元数据的对象计算第二组特征标记。相互对应的第一模型和第二模型的对象具有相同特征标记。该方法还包括确定第一组特征标记中的哪些特征标记与第二组特征标记中的特征标记匹配。该方法还包括针对匹配的特征标记确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的对象是否等同于与第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的对象。
本发明的另一个方面提供了确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的对象是否等同于与第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的对象。确定步骤包括确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的拥有者是否与和第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的拥有者匹配。确定步骤还包括确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的至少一个拥有物(ownee)是否等同于与第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的至少一个拥有物。确定步骤还包括确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的至少一个非参考特性是否等同于与第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的至少一个非参考特性。确定步骤还包括确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的至少一个参考特性是否与和第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的至少一个非参考特性匹配。
附图说明
图1表示根据本发明的典型实施例的包括元数据和对象的两种模型的方框图。
图2表示本发明用于确定模型之间区别的方法的典型实施例的流程图。
图3表示本发明用于确定对象的等同性的条件的典型实施例的流程图。
本发明的详细描述
图1表示一对模型100、150，即模型一100和模型二150的典型实施例，例如1999年10月15日提交的题为″用于建模工具的装置和方法″的待审美国专利申请No.＿＿＿＿中公开的对象/特性模型，在此将该申请公开的全部内容引入作为参考。如图1所示，根据本发明的典型实施例，模型一100分别包括元数据A和B10、20，并分别包括对象A-E11、12、13、21、22，模型二150分别包括元数据A和C30、40，并分别包括对象A-C,F,G31、32、33、34、41。元数据A、B、A、C10、20、30、40分别是关于数据的信息；该数据可以是属于元数据的对象。例如，元数据可以是一种″汽车″，由该元数据描述的数据可以是诸如汽车的专用商标，即如FordTM,ChryslerTM等之类的对象。
图1表示具有公用元数据(即同类元数据)的元数据A10、30的模型一100和模型二150。图1还表示具有非公用元数据，例如元数据B20和元数据C40的模型一100和模型二150。单纯为了说明的目的，图1表示按照诸如分别在模型一100和模型二150中的元数据A10和元数据A30之类的同类元数据分在一起的对象。然而，可以以任何给定的模型任意扩展同类元数据10、30。
图1表示具有由元数据A10描述的对象A11、对象B12和对象C13的模型一100，其中对象A11拥有对象B12和对象C13，对象B12拥有对象C13。如果这些对象为等级关系并且拥有对象，即拥有者处在比被拥有的对象，即拥有物更高的等级，一个对象则拥有另一个对象。拥有物是聚合在拥有者中的对象，即拥有者的一个组成部分。
另外，在模型一100中，对象C13和对象B12是对象A11的拥有物，对象C13是对象B12的拥有物。在模型一100中，由元数据B20描述对象D21和对象E22。由于对象D21和对象E22之间不存在等级关系，一方不是另一方的拥有者或拥有物。
图1表示具有由元数据A30描述的对象A31、对象B32、对象C33、和对象F34的模型二150，其中对象A31拥有对象B32和对象C33，对象F34和对象B32拥有对象C33。另外，在模型二150中，对象C33和对象B32是对象A31的拥有物，对象C33是对象B32和对象F34的拥有物。在模型二150中，由元数据C40描述对象G41。由于对象G41相对于其它对象不存在等级关系，对象G41不是拥有者或拥有物。
对象可包括一些特性，例如非参考特性和参考特性。参考特性包括指向例如另一个特性或对象的指针或地址。非参考特性包括一个值，而不是一个指针。如果删除一个对象，它所拥有的对象和特性也被删除。然而，在删除对象时，被删除的对象不拥有的每个对象仍然存在。
图2是本发明用于比较模型以确定模型之间的区别(如果有的话)的典型实施例的流程图。如图2所示，在步骤201中，识别模型一100和模型二150中的元数据。例如，如图1所示，识别元数据可以导致识别公用元数据，即分别在模型一100和模型二150中的元数据A10、30。
在202，对在步骤201识别的元数据的对象计算特征标记。针对相互对应的图1和图2中相应的对象计算的特征标记将具有相同特征标记。例如，在图1中，模型一100和模型二150的对象A11、31分别相互对应。因此，模型一100和模型二150中的对象A11、31分别具有相同特征标记。同样，对象B12、32和C13、33分别与模型一100和模型二150中其相应的对象相对应。因此，对象B12、32中的每一个和对象C13、33中的每一个分别具有相同特征标记。然而，没有对应对象的对象，例如对象D21、E22、F34和G41将具有专门识别每个对象计算的特征标记。相互对应的对象是并行对象。在本发明的典型实施例中，至少根据描述该对象的元数据计算这些对象的特征标记。
在203，确定模型一100和模型二。150中的哪些特征标记匹配。如果它们相同，这些特征标记匹配。因此，并行对象具有匹配的特征标记。在204，确定具有匹配特征标记的模型一100和模型二150是否等同。
在本发明的典型实施例中，对具有匹配的特征标记的这些对象是否等同的确定可包括是否满足一系列条件，诸如任何不匹配的拥有者是否存在，以及任何拥有物、参考特性和非参考特性是否不等同。图3表示本发明用于确定具有匹配的特征标记的相应对象是否等同的方法的典型实施例。如果条件301、302、303、304中的每一个都不满足，具有匹配特征标记的相应对象则等同。如果满足条件301、302、303、304中的任何一个，具有匹配特征标记的相应对象则不同。对于每个相应的匹配特征标记，如301所示，确定其相应的拥有者中的任何一个是否不匹配。在图1中，例如，对于模型一100和模型二150中的对象B12、32，所有拥有者是相同对象A11、31。相反，因为存在不匹配的拥有者，模型一100和模型二150中的对象C13、33不等同。模型一100的对象C13没有作为拥有者的对象F34，然而，模型二150的对象C33具有作为拥有者的对象F34。
在302，对于具有匹配的特征标记但没有不匹配拥有者的相应对象，正好与匹配相反，确定任何拥有物是否不同。在图1中，例如，模型一100和模型二150中的对象B12、32各自没有任何不等同的拥有物。对象C13、33分别由对象B12、32中的每一个拥有，对象B12、32没有任何其它拥有物。
在303中，对于没有不匹配的拥有者和没有不等同拥有物的匹配特征标记的相应对象，确定任何非参考特性是否不等同。如果这些值的二进制表达式不相同，非参考特性则不等同。在304，对于没有不匹配的拥有者，没有不等同的拥有物和没有不等同的非参考特性的匹配特征标记的相应对象，确定任何参考特性是否不匹配。在本发明的典型实施例中，如果满足四个条件301、302、303、304中的任何一个，模型100、150则包含区别。如果四个条件301、302、303、304中的任何一个都不满足，模型100,150相对于彼此没有区别。
图1的模型一100和模型二150之间的区别是模型一100包括模型二150中不包括的对象D21和对象E22。另外，模型一100不包括模型二150中包括的对象F34。另外，模型一100的对象C13匹配但不等同于模型二150的对象C33。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，可对它们之间具有区别的模型100、150进行同步。通过减小模型100、150之间的区别，例如改变一个或两个模型100、150中的存储图象，以使模型100、150中的存储图象相同来实现同步。例如，当一个模型中存在诸如拥有者或拥有物之类的对象，而另一个模型中没有时，可在以前没有对象的模型中产生丢失的对象。如图1所示，例如，模型一100是模型二150的丢失对象F34。结果是，可在模型一100中产生丢失的对象F34。此外，当一个模型中存在一个对象，但另一个模型中不存在时，可从适当的模型中除去该对象。例如，由于图1所示的模型一100的对象D21和对象E22未出现在模型二150中，可从模型一100中将它们21、22除去。相对于另一个模型中的并行对象，对于在一个模型中的对象，当一个特性存在或具有差值时，也可以使用与以前描述的方案相似的方案。
上述实施例是本发明的说明性实例，应理解，本发明不局限于这些特定的实施例。本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求所定义的本发明的精神或范围的情况下可实现各种变化和改进。

Claims (3)

1．一种比较第一模型和第二模型的方法，包括如下步骤：
识别第一模型中和第二模型中的元数据；
针对第一模型的元数据的对象计算第一组特征标记，和针对第二模型的元数据的对象计算第二组特征标记，其中相互对应的第一模型的对象和第二模型的对象具有相同特征标记；
确定第一组特征标记中的哪些特征标记与第二组特征标记中的特征标记匹配；和
针对匹配的特征标记确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的对象是否等同于与第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的对象。
2．根据权利要求1所述的比较第一模型与第二模型的方法，其中确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的对象是否等同于与第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的对象的步骤进一步包括：
确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的拥有者是否与和第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的拥有者匹配；
确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的至少一个拥有物是否等同于与第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的至少一个拥有物；
确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的至少一个非参考特性是否等同于与第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的至少一个非参考特性；和
确定与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的至少一个参考特性是否与和第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象的至少一个非参考特性匹配。
3．根据权利要求1所述的比较第一模型与第二模型的方法，进一步包括：
当与第一组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象不同于与第二组特征标记中的特征标记相关联的至少一个对象时，使第一模型的至少一个存储图象与第二模型的至少一个存储图象同步。
CN99812190A 1998-10-16 1999-10-15 确定两个或多个模型之间的区别的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1129859C (zh)

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