CN1330434C - 颜料片的磁性平面化 - Google Patents

颜料片的磁性平面化 Download PDF

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CN1330434C
CN1330434C CNB038166100A CN03816610A CN1330434C CN 1330434 C CN1330434 C CN 1330434C CN B038166100 A CNB038166100 A CN B038166100A CN 03816610 A CN03816610 A CN 03816610A CN 1330434 C CN1330434 C CN 1330434C
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pigment flakes
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printing
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CN1668391A (zh
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弗拉基米尔·P.·拉克沙
查尔斯·T.·玛肯泰斯
迪旋·朱
保罗·G.·库布斯
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Viavi Solutions Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/061Special surface effect
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45DHAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D34/00Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
    • A45D34/04Appliances specially adapted for applying liquid, e.g. using roller or ball
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/20Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by magnetic fields
    • B05D3/207Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by magnetic fields post-treatment by magnetic fields
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F11/00Rotary presses or machines having forme cylinders carrying a plurality of printing surfaces, or for performing letterpress, lithographic, or intaglio processes selectively or in combination
    • B41F11/02Rotary presses or machines having forme cylinders carrying a plurality of printing surfaces, or for performing letterpress, lithographic, or intaglio processes selectively or in combination for securities
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41MPRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41MPRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14Security printing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41MPRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29Securities; Bank notes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
    • B41P2200/00Printing processes
    • B41P2200/30Heliography
    • B42D2033/16
    • B42D2035/20

Abstract

一个磁场用来将磁性颜料片相对于一个表面平面化。颜料片,如光学可变颜料片,被用在涂料,墨水,挤压,粉末镀膜,和其它用来装饰和防伪应用的形式中。在许多应用中,颜料片往往相互平行排列,并与它所涂附的表面平行。如果颜料片包括一个合适的磁性结构,一个磁场就可以被用来排列颜料片,或加强颜料片在基底平面中的排列,如果散入颜料片的载体仍然是液体的话。在一些印刷操作中,在丝网印刷或印刷模具从基底上提起时,平行于基底涂附的颜料片就被从平面上抽出来。磁场的应用可以使颜料片与基底平面重新排列,加强印刷图像的视觉效果质量,特别是光学可变的颜料片。

Description

颜料片的磁性平面化
发明背景
[0o01] 本发明涉及用颜料片进行印刷或制造物体,尤其涉及到在一个平面上用磁性定位颜料片,以增强颜料片的总体视觉效果。
[0002] 在许多应用中都用到颜料片,例如涂料,墨水,纺织品,化妆品,挤压胶片,塑料铸件和粉末镀膜。不同种类的颜料片能够提供不同的,并经常是使人印象深刻的视觉效果。色偏移就是视觉效果之一,它可以通过使用颜料片获得。颜料片可以有一种光学干涉结构,如一个法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot)结构或薄膜堆,该结构会使颜料片随着观察角度的不同而变色。这种色偏移图像的例子被用作银行钞票上的防伪标记,如二十美元纸币,和在各种消费产品中被用于装饰目的,包括汽车,头盔,眼镜架,指甲油,和手机外壳等。颜料片的其它例子包括反射颜料片和衍射颜料片。
[0003] 在一些印刷操作中,颜料片往往排列在物体的一个平面上,如印刷好的纸张,以由每个颜料片聚集生成一个视觉效果。但并不需要将每个颜料片都相互或对基底的平面排列得非常准,只要颜料片的有足够的部分排列适宜,就可以获得所需的光学效果。
[0004] 不过,其它印刷操作就不容易进行颜料片的平面排列,而且一些印刷应用还会破坏涂在一个平面上的颜料片的排列。因此有必要生产一种具有改善的平面排列的颜料片的物体。
发明概要
[0005] 本发明通过使用颜料片提供增强了视觉效果的物体。在一个实施例中,磁性颜料片被涂附在一个基底的一个表面。接着,使用磁场使磁性颜料片的至少一部分与基底表面的一个平面排列更加紧密。由于平面化的颜料片的聚集光学效果使得视觉效果得到加强。在本发明的另一个实施例中,颜料片先被涂附在一个表面上,接着被磨光而使颜料片平面化。
[0006] 在一个特定的实施例中,采用先使颜料片依基底的平面排列,在完成印刷工序时再使颜料片解除平面化(de-planarize)的一种印刷技术将一个图像印到一个文件上。在一个液体载体中的磁性色偏移颜料粒子被施加在一个基底的一个表面上,接着,使用磁场使磁性色偏移颜料粒子的至少一部分与基底表面的一个平面排列更加紧密。通常,在烘干或固化载体后,颜料片就会被固定。这种图像可以用于装饰或防伪用途,例如钱币上的防伪标记。
附图的简要说明
[0007]图1A到1C为印刷前,印刷中及印刷后的一个印刷装置的简化侧视图,显示颜料片的解除平面化的情况。
[0008]图2A-2C为印刷前,印刷中及印刷后的一个网状印刷装置的简化侧视图,显示颜料片的解除平面化的情况。
[0009] 图3A为带有解除平面化的磁性颜料片的一个印刷物的简化侧视图。
[0010] 图3B为根据本发明的一个实施例的磁性平面化的颜料片的简化侧视图。
[0011] 图3C是根据本发明的另一个实施例的磁性平面化的颜料片的简化侧视图。
[0012]  图4是适用于本发明的实施例的颜料片的简化侧视图。
[0013] 图5为根据本发明一个实施例的印刷图像的简化平面图。
[0014] 图6A为根据本发明的一个实施例的用来将磁性颜料片整平的方法的
简化流程图。
[0015] 图6B为根据本发明的一个实施例的用来将磁性颜料片再次整平的方法的简化流程图。
[0016]  图6C为根据本发明的另一个实施例的用来将磁性颜料片整平的方法的简化流程图。
发明的详细描述
I.前言
[0017] 本发明通过使用磁性颜料片提供加强的视觉效果。磁性颜料片被散入一个液体载体中,使磁性颜料片与来自加在颜料片上的磁场的转矩响应。在另一个实施例中,当载体具有足够的塑性可以让颜料片在基底的平面上定位时,通过打磨印刷的图像将颜料片整平。
I.印刷应用例
[0018] 图1A为一个印刷装置10的一个简化侧视图。一个模具12有一个雕刻面,及加到该面上的墨水14。墨水包括散入一个液体载体18如墨水载体或涂料载体中的磁性颜料片16。载体可以是透明的,如无色或浅色的载体,或是半透明的,墨水还可以包括其它颜料粒子。
[0019] 颜料片通常是比较小的薄片并且是平的或基本上是平的。颜料片的典型尺寸可以约为二十微米长,约为一微米厚;不过,这些尺寸仅仅是比较理想的例子,并不被此限制。也可以使用更大或更小的颜料片,也可以有不同的纵横比。光学可变颜料(“OVP”TM)包括一个光学干涉结构,如由薄膜层做成的法布里-珀罗结构。光学可变颜料会随观察角度的不同而变色。不同的光学设计可以提供各种色调和不同的颜色范围。带有一个磁性材料薄膜层,如一层约25到约250纳米厚的镍层或镍铁磁合金层(PERMALLOY)的颜料片可以为颜料片的磁性排列提供一个合适的磁性结构。其它磁性材料和结构也可以用在颜料片中为磁性定位提供一个合适的磁性结构,合适的材料也可能形成永久磁铁,也可能不形成,但在使用之前最好避免颜料片的永久磁化,以防止粘接。一些颜料片可以简单地由磁性材料做成,如镍颜料片,它可以用来形成一个反射,非色偏移的效果。
[0020] 如图所示,在模具表面上的磁性颜料片16在与由一个平板或平台24支撑的基底22的表面20相对应的一个平面上排列较好。基底可以是纸张,薄膜,叠压片,纸卡盘,织物,皮革,塑料,或金属。为了便于讨论,在此将以纸张基底为例。颜料片可以在模具的表面上以各种形式排列。颜料片往往跟随载体的流向,以形成最小的液体阻力。在载体(如墨水)中的颜料片可以通过沿着一个表面用刀片或橡胶滚轴画一个墨水薄层来排列。接着模具可以拾取已画的颜料片,并将其印到基底上。
[0021] 图1B是一个与带有排列相对整齐的磁性颜料片16的基底22接触的模具12的简化侧视图,图1C是显示当模具12被从基底22上提起时磁性颜料片16是如何从平面排列中被取出的简化侧视图。这种解除平面化出现在其它的印刷过程中。
[0022] 图2A是一种网状印刷装置30,如丝网印刷装置的一个简化侧视图。这种技术采用一个带图案的网32。图案可以由许多方式形成,其中一种是采用感光乳剂34,该乳剂在带图案的网上形成开放的窗口36。实际的丝网38很薄并很精细,可以通过墨水或涂料。
[0023] 用一个刀片或橡胶滚轴42将墨水40沿箭头44表示的方向在网中划过。用橡胶滚轴沿着网划墨水通常使颜料片16在基底22的平面内随印刷墨水40′排列,这是由于颜料片往往沿着液体的流向排列,沿着网和基底用橡胶滚轴画线通常使颜料片按如图所示排列。
[0024] 图2B是显示带图案的网32仍然接触时,颜料片16在印刷了的部分44中的排列的简化侧视图。图2C显示当带图案的网32被从基底22提起时磁性颜料片16是如何被解除平面化的。
[0025] 产生的解除平面化降低了如果颜料片保持在平面中时可以得到的光学效果。其它过程可能不会在一开始就形成平面化的颜料片,如喷射或喷漆过程,并且,即使涂附时的平面可以得到维持,通过颜料片进一步的平面化可能可以获得印刷图像在视觉质量上的改善。这样,就很有必要在施加在基底上之后能对颜料片进行平面化。
II.颜料片的磁性平面化
[0026] 图3A是基底22的简化侧视图,所述基底22带有在基底22的表面20(即平面)上的液体载体18中未被平面化的磁性颜料片16。未被平面化的磁性颜料片可以采用不会使颜料片充分平面化或使颜料片在某种程度上解除平面化的技术涂附,包括生成颜料片的一个聚集视觉效果的现有技术。大家可以理解,一些颜料片可能会位于基底的平面内,但很多并非如此,并且通常通过将更多的颜料片排列到基底的平面上(“平面化”)可以获得加强的视觉效果。
[0027] 图3B是根据本发明一个实施例来平面化磁性颜料片16的装置50的简化侧视图。磁铁52,54的设计是为了生成用虚线56表示的磁力线,特别是在基底22的平面中。被散入液体载体18的磁性颜料片倾向于沿着磁力线排列,使颜料片的主表面与基底的表面及相互之间更加平行。磁铁的配置使一个磁铁的北极53面向另一个磁铁的南极55,当然也可以有不同的磁铁配置。排好颜料片之后,载体就被固定,一般采用烘干,硬化或固化方式进行固定。
[0028] 在一些印刷操作中,基底以约2米/秒的速度范围移动经过磁铁,在墨水施加到基底上后,载体被迅速烘干。颜料片的平面化在仅仅几毫秒中发生。永久磁铁通常被称为“超极磁铁”,如钕-铁-硼(Nd-Fe-B)磁铁,可以生成足够高的磁场以在一个高速印刷操作中平面化磁性颜料片。电磁铁也可以用在一些实施例中,但往往比具有相应强度的永久磁铁更大,而需要电流线圈也产生热量。这种永久超级磁铁能够生成70,000安培/米的磁场强度。虽然其他工序可以在不同的磁场强度下工作。可用于平面化的时间,载体的粘性,颜料片的大小以及颜料片的磁性特性等因素可能会影响颜料片所需排列。同样地,可以理解即使是在磁性平面化后,也并不是所有的颜料片都被完全排列在基底的平面上,由磁性颜料片形成的图像视觉特性的改善也只是某种程度上的改善,其适合程度取决于如颜料片的初始状态和所需的效果。
[0029] 图3C是根据本发明的用来平面化已施加到基底22上的磁性颜料片16的另一个实施例的装置60的简化侧视图。磁铁62,64,66被放于基底22下面,其北南极如图所示放置。磁铁相对于印刷磁场68,70进行放置,这样,磁场线72就与基底的平面几乎平行。
[0030] 另一个实施例在颜料片的两面可能有更近间隔的对应磁铁(北极-北极或南极-南极),如用于在塑料薄膜挤压期间平面化颜料片。在这种情况下,可能没有独立的“基底”。塑料的固化或硬化将颜料片的方向固定在薄膜中。
[0031] 颜料片的平面化加强了颜料片的总体视觉效果。在光学可变颜料片中,可以得到更亮,更强的颜色效果。在一个特例中,光学可变颜料片被用来制作墨水,该墨水采用丝网印刷技术涂在测试卡上。一个测试卡以通常的方法烘干,在墨水媒介(载体)被烘干之前,一个磁场被施加在第二个测试卡上以平面化在基底平面中的颜料片。分别测试每个样品的色度。平面化使色度增加了十点,这是一个非常重大的改善。这种相对于现有印刷技术的色度的增强很难通过改变颜料片的光学设计来获得,例如,通过改变薄膜层的材料或薄膜层的层数。可以相信,在凹雕过程中采用磁性光学可变颜料片印制的图像的色度可能可以增强四十点。这样,用光学可变颜料片印制的图像的视觉效果可以获得重大改善而不改变颜料片的光学设计。在颜料片中加入一个磁性结构可以使颜料片在涂附后被平面化。
[0032] 图4为适合于本发明的实施例的磁性颜料片80的简化侧视图。一个磁性结构82在光学结构84和86之间。了解光学可变颜料片的业内人士知道,例如,光学结构可以是带有在磁性结构上的一个反射层,一个间隔层,和一个吸收层的法布里-珀罗结构。如果磁性层是一层镍层,在一些情况下,磁性层82在法布里-珀罗结构中可以起到反射层的作用。现已发现厚度约为50纳米的镍和镍铁磁合金层给带有法布里-珀罗光学结构的色偏移颜料片提供磁性排列,其中颜料片约一微米厚,约二十微米长(平均)。其它光学结构,如介质薄膜干涉堆也可以用,或者可以省去光学结构,如在一个金属磁性颜料片中,也可以加入其它层,如浅色层或环保层。虽然图中的颜料片是对称的,但这并不是必需的,不过,通常最好是对称的以获得所需的总体光学效果。
[0033] 图5为根据本发明的一个实施例印制在基底92,如纸张上的范例图像90的简化平面图。图像可以是印刷在纸币,标签或产品包装物上的安全,鉴定,或防伪标记。含有磁性颜料片的涂料或墨水被涂附在基底上,一个磁场被用来平面化磁性颜料片。
III.方法范例
[0034] 图6A是根据本发明的一个实施例用来平整磁性颜料片的方法600的简化流程图。在一个液体载体中的磁性颜料片被涂附到一个基底上(步骤602)。一个磁场施加在磁性颜料片上,以在载体还是液体时将颜料片与基底的平面排齐(步骤604)。接着,载体被烘干,固化,或硬化以固定颜料片的排列(步骤606)。在一些实施例中,基底相对于磁场是静态的,而在其它一些实施例中基底是移动的,有时还以高速度移动。基底可以是带有几个印制图像的一大张纸,或者甚至可以是一卷纸。
[0035] 图6B是根据本发明的一个实施例来对磁性颜料片再次平面化的一个方法610的简化流程图。在一个液体载体中的磁性颜料片在涂附过程中被部分排齐(步骤612),如在丝网印刷过程中,或一些凹雕印刷过程中。颜料片在例如丝网或模具被从基底上提起时被解除平面化(步骤614)。一个磁场被施加在磁性颜料片上,以在载体还是液体时将颜料片与基底的平面排齐(步骤616)。
[0036] 图6C是根据本发明的另一个实施例来平整颜料片的一个方法620的简化流程图。颜料片被涂附到基底上(步骤622),接着被磨光(步骤624)以压平颜料片使其与基底的平面排齐。如果颜料片在一个载体中,载体通常具有足够的塑性以便稍微重新排列颜料片,这并不需要是磁性颜料片。例如,磨光可以通过使印刷的基底通过两个滚筒而实现,这两个滚筒提供足够的压力来使颜料片与基底的平面排齐。静态基底可以简单地通过用一个光滑物体在放在平板或平台上的印制的图像上摩擦或滚动来磨光,以便将颜料片压到基底的平面中。
尽管本发明参照上述特定的实施例得以描述,但实施本发明的最好模式,各种修良或替代,本领域技的术人员来说可以是很明显的而不脱离本发明的范围和精神。所以,很明显上述的只是范例,本发明将由下列的权利要求书决定。

Claims (6)

1.一种在基底上印刷图像的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)移动印刷装置,使所述印刷装置与所述基底接触,以直接将包括磁性颜料片的墨水或者涂料涂附到所述基底上形成图像;
b)在使所述印刷装置离开所述基底之后,通过所述基底将磁场施加给形成所述图像的所述墨水或涂料,以使形成所述图像的所述颜料片基本上与所述基底平面排齐;
c)在使所述印刷装置离开与之接触的所述基底之后,移动所述基底。
2.如权利要求1所限定的方法,其中所施加的磁场足够强,以在高速印刷图像时平面化所述的磁性颜料片。
3.如权利要求2所限定的方法,其中所述的施加磁场的步骤包括使磁铁接近所述衬底的步骤,其中所述的磁铁被定向以使其磁场基本上与所述基底平行。
4.如权利要求2所限定的方法,其中所述的印刷装置包括丝网或模具,并且其中移动所述丝网或者模具,使其与所述基底接触以印刷图像,之后所述丝网或模具被提起。
5.如权利要求4所限定的方法,其中在所述印刷丝网或者模具被提起之后,在所述墨水或涂料中的所述颜料片被减弱了平面化,并在施加所述磁场后被更好地平面化。
6.如权利要求1所限定的方法,其中所述的使所述印刷装置离开所述基底的步骤引起了印刷在所述基底上的颜料片的解除平面化,并且其中所述的施加所述磁场的步骤使所述被解除平面化的颜料片平面化。
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US10/293,817 US7258900B2 (en) 2002-07-15 2002-11-13 Magnetic planarization of pigment flakes
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