CN1330461A - 机载无线电话通信系统 - Google Patents

机载无线电话通信系统 Download PDF

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CN1330461A
CN1330461A CN01122964A CN01122964A CN1330461A CN 1330461 A CN1330461 A CN 1330461A CN 01122964 A CN01122964 A CN 01122964A CN 01122964 A CN01122964 A CN 01122964A CN 1330461 A CN1330461 A CN 1330461A
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airborne
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CN1141805C (zh
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克莱因·S·吉尔豪森
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/18502—Airborne stations
    • H04B7/18506—Communications with or from aircraft, i.e. aeronautical mobile service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/06—Airborne or Satellite Networks

Abstract

本发明的机载无线电通信系统能使机载无线电设备与地面蜂窝式无线电话系统通信。本发明还能使地面系统跟踪机载无线电话的位置并在接收到地面系统呼叫时寻呼它。地面基站与形成机载蜂窝区的天线耦连。当飞机飞过机载蜂窝区时,机载中继器从基站接收信号并将它们转发给机载无线电设备。如果无线电设备发射信号,那么中继器通过机载蜂窝区将信号发送给基站。当飞机从一个蜂窝区飞入另一个时,无线电设备切换至下一蜂窝区,以与地面保持通信。

Description

机载无线电话通信系统
发明领域
本发明涉及通信领域。尤其，本发明涉及飞机与地面站之间的蜂窝式无线电话通信。
背景技术
当前的通信技术可使飞机乘客从任何适当装备的飞机上向世界各地电话呼叫。大型民用客机和较小的普通军用飞机都可装备无线电话设备。
无线电话的对话一般是通过首先输入要呼叫的电话号码以及支付该呼叫的信用卡信息来实现的。然后，无线电话与地面上的70-80个无线电话基站中的一个相连，这些基站也称为蜂窝区(cell)。无线电话所连接的蜂窝区决定于呼叫开始时飞机最接近哪一个基站。每个蜂窝区都与公共交换电话网(PSTN)相连，它们覆盖了美国大陆的大部分，因此几乎可从任何地方的飞机上进行电话呼叫。
但是，飞机无线电话有许多问题。首先，机载无线电话并不在地面系统中登记。因此，地面系统不知道机载无线电话的位置。这限制了飞机无线电话只能进行呼叫；由于地面系统不知道将呼叫发向何处，所以机载无线电话不能接收呼叫。
另一个问题是，当无线电话到达蜂窝区的边缘时，机载无线电话系统不能象地面蜂窝式无线电话系统中所实行的那样，在各蜂窝区之间进行越区切换。当飞机到达蜂窝覆盖区的边界时，这将使来自机载无线电话的呼叫丢失。由此，需要提供一种机载无线电话系统，它能与地面蜂窝式无线电话系统相适应。换句话说，需要提供一种机载无线电话系统，它除了能够在飞机到达蜂窝覆盖区的边缘时将来自机载无线电话的呼叫切换至另一个蜂窝区，而且能使机载无线电话接收到地面发出的电话呼叫。
发明内容
本发明的系统具有一个机载通信系统，它包括一地面子系统和一机载子系统。机载子系统包括一个用于发射和接收无线电信号的无线电设备，以及一个用于将来自机载无线电设备的无线电信号转发给地面子系统的机载无线电中继器。无线电中继器还将来自地面子系统的无线电信号转发给机载无线电设备。地面子系统包括一个与公共交换电话网(PSTN)耦合的基站，用于发射PSTN发出的信号并接收转发的无线电信号。基站至少具有一个向上辐射的天线，用于辐射和接收无线电信号。
附图概述
图1示出了本发明的机载无线电通信系统。
图2示出了本发明的机载子系统。
图3示出了本发明过程的流程图。
图4示出了本发明另一实施例的方框图。
本发明的较佳实施例
图1示出了本发明的机载无线电话通信系统。该系统包括两个子系统：地面子系统(105)和机载子系统(125)。
在本较佳实施例中，地面子系统(105)是码分多址(CDMA)蜂窝式无线电话系统。另一个实施例中使用了时分多址系统。还有一个实施例使用了当前高级移动电话系统(AMPS)。Gilhousen等人发明的美国专利第4,901,307号较详细地讨论了典型的CDMA无线电话系统，该专利已转让给Qualcomm股份有限公司。
地面无线电话系统包括一个基站(120)，它也称作蜂窝站，与移动交换中心(115)耦合，，而移动交换中心与公共交换电话网(PSTN)(110)耦合。基站(120)与移动电话通信并将来自无线电话的信号转换至移动交换中心(115)。基站(120)还为无线电话提供合适的信道，从而使其能与基站通信。移动交换中心(115)将来自基站(120)的信号转换至PSTN(110)，反之亦然。
每个基站(120)都与一个接收并发射CDMA无线电话信号的天线(150)耦合。在本较佳实施例中，天线(150)与本领域熟练技术人员所知的一般蜂窝站天线相同。另一个实施例使用了向上辐射的天线。该向上的辐射在地面上方形成一个蜂窝区，可使机载无线电话与地面移动无线电话穿越地面蜂窝区一样穿越高空蜂窝区。形成这种类型高空蜂窝区的天线是本领域中众所周知的典型的方向性天线。
图2示出了本发明机载子系统的方框图。该子系统用CDMA型无线电话(205)与无线电话信号中继器(210)通信，中继器在飞机上装有一根天线。在本较佳实施例中，中继器(210)还具有一个放大器，可以提高与中继器通信的信号增益。
中继器(210)从飞机内的个人无线电话(205)接收信号，并将它们转发给安装在飞机外部的天线(215)。外部天线(215)将信号转发给地面基站。该子系统可以在例如小型飞机中拥有一个无线电话，或者例如在民用客机中拥有多个无线电话。
机载子系统还可沿反向运作。从PSTN至地面基站的电话呼叫被发送至外部天线(215)，天线再将它们转发给安装在飞机中的中继器(210)。中继器的天线将信号传递给飞机中适当的无线电话(205)。无线电话(205)确定用Gilhousen等人以及远程通信工业协会/电子工业协会95临时标准(TIA/EIA/IS-95)中所描述的过程对哪个信号解码。
在另一实施例中，用一机载基站替代了无线电话信号中继器，它能登记飞机上的无线电话。然后，机载基站向地面子系统登记无线电话。该基站具有与地面对应基站相同的功能，但由于它不必处理地面基站中成千上万的无线电话，所以规模要小得多。
本发明的机载通信系统以类似于Gilhousen等人所讨论的地面CDMA无线电话系统的方式进行工作。图3示出了该过程的流程图。
过程的开始是，机载中继器向最近的蜂窝站登记无线电话(301)。其实行方式与地面无线电话向地面无线电话系统登记的方式相同；中继器搜索最强的导频信号，并向该蜂窝区登记。此登记过程包含发送给基站的无线电话的电话号码以及电子序号。Tiedemann发明的美国专利第5,289,527号对该登记过程作了较详细的描述，并且此专利已转让给Qualcomm股份有限公司。
现在无线电话或地面陆线电话系统可以开始呼叫(310)。机载中继器接收来自无线电话的呼叫，并在发送地面基站之前将其放大。然后，地面基站将呼叫发送给移动交换中心，移动交换中心再为该呼叫选择路由，发往PSTN，随后在PSTN将该呼叫与被叫电话号码相连(325)。
沿无线电话开始呼叫的相反方向为从PSTN至机载无线电话的信号选择路由。移动交换中心将呼叫转换至登记了该无线电话的基站。然后，基站将信号发送给机载外部天线(325)，外部天线再将信号转发给机载中继器(320)。中继器将信号放大，并将放大信号发送给飞机中无线电话。
本发明还能使地面电话或无线电话与机载无线电联系。由于中继器已向适当的地面基站登记了机载无线电话，所以移动交换中心知道将为呼叫选择哪个基站。一旦为该呼叫选择了适当的基站，那么它将被发送给机载中继器，然后中继器将呼叫放大，并将其发送给飞机上的无线电话。如上所述，随后无线电话将确定对哪个信号解码。
本发明的另一个优点是具有切换能力。一旦飞机到达当前蜂窝站的边缘，无线电话便开始Tiedemann发明中描述的切换过程。来自地面基站的信号被机载子系统的外部天线接收，并被转发给无线电话。这能使无线电话搜索到下一蜂窝区中的最强导频信号，并向那个基站登记。导频信号质量何时已下降至需要切换的确定因素是，当导频信号下降了一预定的数值。对于每个系统来说，该数值可以不同，其设置应使系统性能最佳。
在此另一实施例中，用于登记飞机上无线电话的基站型装置代替了机载中继器。图4示出了机载基站的方框图。一旦向机载基站登记了无线电话，机载基站便搜索来自某个地面基站的最强导频信号，并向那个基站登记。
参照图4，机载基站包括许多基站收发信机(410)，它们是无线电话和基站之间的链路。CDMA互连子系统(415)在收发信机(410)与基站的其余部分之间为信号选择路由。呼叫控制处理器(420)用无线电话控制信号发送，控制所有的呼叫处理，并分配基站源。时间和频率装置(430)为基站提供定时和频率信号。基站管理器(435)对基站进行初始、配置和性能管理。最后，选择器组子系统(selector bank subsystem)(440)对地面基站与无线电话之间的数据进行处理和格式化。选择器组子系统(440)与飞机外部用于接收和发射无线电话信号的天线(315)相连。
使用机载基站的其他实施例可以具有不同的部件和不同的特性。仅仅登记无线电话并将该登记转发给地面基站的基站也在本发明的范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括：
一码分多址(CDMA)的地面子系统，地面子系统包括：
多个基站，用于发送具有某一质量等级的通信信号，并从一机载子系统接收无线电信号，多个基站与公共交换电话网(PSTN)耦合；
一机载子系统，用于向所述多个基站中的第一基站发送无线电信号，并从第一基站接收通信信号，并且如果所述第一基站通信信号的质量等级小于一预定值，那么将无线电信号发送给所述多个基站中的第二基站，并从第二基站接收通信信号，机载子系统包括：
一机载无线电设备，用于发送无线电信号和接收通信信号，并响应于第二基站通信信号的质量等级选择第二基站；和
一机载无线电中继器，用于把无线电信号转发给地面子系统。
2.如权利要求1所述的通信系统，其特征在于，机载无线电设备发送并接收码分多址(CDMA)信号。
3.如权利要求1所述的通信系统，其特征在于，多个基站通过一移动交换中心与PSTN耦合。
4.一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括：
一码分多址(CDMA)的地面子系统，地面子系统包括：
多个基站，用于发送具有某一质量等级的通信信号，并从一机载系统接收无线电信号，多个基站与公共交换电话网(PSTN)耦合；
一机载子系统，用于向地面子系统中多个基站的第一基站发送无线电信号，并从第一基站接收具有某一质量等级的通信信号，并且如果所述第一基站通信信号的质量等级小于一预定值，那么将无线电信号发送给所述多个基站的第二基站，并从第二基站接收通信信号，机载子系统包括：
一机载无线电电话，用于发送无线电信号和接收通信信号；和
一机载基站，用于向地面子系统登记机载无线电电话，并将通信信号转发给机载无线电电话，将无线电信号转发给地面子系统。
5.如权利要求4所述的通信系统，其特征在于，机载无线电电话响应于第二基站通信信号的质量等级选择第二基站。
6.如权利要求4所述的通信系统，其特征在于，机载基站响应于第二基站通信信号的质量等级选择第二基站。
CNB011229640A 1994-07-08 1995-07-07 机载无线电话通信系统 Expired - Lifetime CN1141805C (zh)

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US272,061 1994-07-08
US08/272,061 US5519761A (en) 1994-07-08 1994-07-08 Airborne radiotelephone communications system
US272061 1994-07-08

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