CN1346421A - 带有内部更替流道的井下筛管 - Google Patents
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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Abstract
一种具有内部更替流道以便将砾石浆料输送至井下环形区内不同高度上的井下筛管以及组装这种筛管的方法。上述筛管具有一个同心地置于一个中心管(17)之外的外管(18),从而在上述中心管与上述外管之间形成一个环形区。两种管沿其长度方向但仅在各自的圆周的一部分钻孔,当两种管装配时,相应的带孔区径向地互相对准。多个纵向肋条(22)将环形区(19)的带孔区(即筛管的生产区)附近与无孔区(即筛管的更替流道)附近的区域分隔开。至少设置一个穿过外管的无孔区的出口(20)作为内部更替流道的出口。
Description
1.技术领域
本发明涉及砾石充填用井下筛管,其中一方面涉及(a)一种用于砾石充填完井的井下筛管,该筛管具有在两个同心管之间形成的内部更替流道,用于将砾石浆料输送到井下包围筛管的环形区内的互相隔开的部位,和(b)涉及一种组装筛管的方法。
2.发明背景
在从某种地下岩层生产烃类物质等的过程中,通常要产生与地层液体混在一起的大量颗粒物质(例如泥砂),这是必须加以控制的,或者说,会严重影响井的经济寿命。控制泥砂产生的最通用的技术之一是“砾石充填法”。在典型的砾石充填完井中、在完工的层段附近的井身内安置一种筛管,将砾石浆料泵入井下包围筛管的环形区内。当液体从浆料进入地层和/或通过筛管而流失时,砾石就沉积在筛管周围而形成包围筛管的透液的物质层。上述砾石的尺寸可允许生产的液体通过,但却阻止任何颗粒物流入筛管中。
上述的砾石充填法的主要问题(尤其是在长的或倾斜的层段上施工的情况下)在于要使砾石充分填满整个完井层段,就是说,要沿筛管的全长完全充填井下环形区。当砾石浆料中的液体过早地流失而进入地层的更加透水的部位时常常会引起砾石分布不良(即在砾石充填层中有孔洞),从而在全部砾石填完之前在上述环形区内形成“砂桥”。这种砂桥严重地堵塞浆料进一步流至环形区,从而阻止砾石进入完井层段的所有部位。
为了减轻上述问题,现正采用一种“更替流道”式的井下设备(例如井下筛管),这种设备可使砾石在整个完井层段中分布良好,即使在全部砾石填完之前形成砂桥的情况下也是如此。上述的井下设备具有多条沿其长度方向延伸的带孔分路或者说旁路管道,该管道可以接收进入井下设备周围的环形区的砾石浆料。如果在环形区内形成砂桥,浆料仍可通过带孔的分路管(即更替流道)到达环形区内的上述砂桥上方和/或下方的不同高度部位。对于上述井下设备(例如砾石充填筛管)如何工作的更完全的描述,请见美国专利4945991,其内容已纳入本文作为参考。
在许多现有技术的更替流道式井下筛管中,在筛管的外表面之外带有单个的分路管(见美国专利4945991、5082052、5113935、5417284和5419394),虽然这种结构已被证明是十分成功的,但是,外部安装分路管确实有一些缺点。例如,要在筛管的外部安装分路管,就要增大筛管的有效总外径,这一点是十分重要的,尤其是在筛管要插入到直径较小的井身时更是如此,此时,即使筛管外径有几分之一英寸的误差,都可能使筛管不能使用,或者至少是难以安装在井内。
上述的从外部安装分路管的另一个缺点是,在组装和安装筛管的过程中分路管容易损坏。如果分路管在安装过程中卷曲或者受到其它形式的损伤,就可能完全不能将砾石运送至完井层段的所有部位,这又可造成层段充填不完全。已经提出几种方法,通过将分路管置入筛管的内部来保护上述的分路管(见美国专利5341880、5476143和5515915),但是,这样做通常会使筛管的结构更精致(如果不是更复杂的话),这当然又会使生产成本显著提高。
发明概述
本发明提供一种具有内部更替流道的砾石充填用井下筛管,上述内部更替流道可在砾石充填作业过程中将砾石浆料运送至井内不同高度的部位。砾石从内部更替流道直接分布到环形区内不同高度的部位可使砾石较好地充满整个完井层段,尤其是当全部砾石填完之前在环形区内形成砂桥的时候更是如此。由于将更替流道置入筛管内部,故可在搬运和安装筛管过程中使更替流道不受损坏和误用,并且不会出现采用外部更替流道时常常存在的增大筛管有效直径的问题。
更具体地说,本发明的井下筛管具有一根同心地置于一根中心管之外的直径较大的外管,从而在这两种管之间形成一个环形区。这两种管沿各自的长度方向但只在其各自圆周的一个径向部分上打孔,因此,每个管都分别带有一个带孔的径向区和一个无孔的径向区,当上述两种管同心地安置时,上述两个管相应的带孔区和无孔区分别径向对准。
在中心管上形成或在中心管上固定多个肋条,该肋条在环形区内沿纵向延伸,将环形区中带孔区附近的部分与无孔区附近的部分分隔开。环形区中带孔区附近的部分构成筛管的生产区,而无孔区附近的部分构成穿过筛管的更替流道。
虽然可设置至少一个穿过外管的无孔区的出口,但是,最好是沿外管的无孔区的长度方向设置多个垂直地互相隔开的出口(这些出口内最好带有硬质衬套),从而为砾石浆料从更替流道流至井下环形区的不同高度提供出口。上述环形区的上端和下端用盖板等封闭,并设置一个穿过上盖板的入口,以便使砾石浆料只流入筛管的更替流道区。
在作业过程中,先组装好筛管,再将它沿作业管柱下降到井身内的生产地层。将砾石浆料向下泵入作业柱管中,再从转向接头出来并进入包围筛管的井下环形区内。当浆料流入井下环形区时,也通过环形区上端的入口流入筛管内的更替流道内(也就是环形区内两同心管的无孔区附近的部分)。如果在全部砾石填入环形区之前在井下环形区内形成砂桥,浆料还可通过内部的更替流道并从其出口流入井下环形区的不同高度部位,最终完成完井层段的砾石充填作业。
一旦完成砾石充填作业,便将转向接头等卸下,使井投入生产。从地层产生的液体通过砾石充填层以及外管和中心管上的孔而流入中心管,然后通过与中心管相连接的一串管子流到地面上。
附图概述
参看本文的附图(这些图不是按比例的,其中相同的标号代表相同的部件)将可更了解本发明的真正结构、操作和明显的优点,附图中:
图1是本发明的井下设备的局部剖切的正视图;
图2是沿图1的2-2线的横剖视图;
图3是沿图2的3-3线的局部剖切的透视图;和
图4是本发明的另一个实施例的类似于图2的横剖视图。
实施本发明的最佳模式
下面具体参看附图,图1示出位于生产和/或喷射井身11下端的工位上的本发明的井下设备10。井身11从地表面(未示出)进入或者说通过地层12,如图所示,井身11由带有透孔14的套管13罩住,这一点与现有技术是一样的。虽然图中示出井身11是一种大致垂直的下套管井,但是,应当明白,本发明也同样适用于“裸眼井”和/或管下扩眼的完井,而且也适用于水平的和/或倾斜的井身。井下设备(例如砾石充填筛管)10可以是整体的管子,或者是由几节管子组成的(图中只示出上段),这几节管子可由现有技术中已知的螺纹连接件和/或胚体等连接在一起。
如图所示,砾石充填筛管10的典型接头15具有一根与伸出地面(未示出)的作业管柱16的下端流体连通的中心管17,该中心管17沿其长度但仅仅是其圆周的一侧或者说一部分(例如图中示出的大约半个圆周或大约180°)钻孔而成为一个“带孔区”,其目的将在下面说明。中心管17的另一侧沿其长度是实心的,没有孔,而成为一个“无孔区”。直径较大的外管或者说套管18同心地设置在中心管17的周围,但彼此隔开而构成一个位于它们之间的环形区19。
上述外管18沿其长度也钻有孔,而且也仅仅是其一侧(即其圆周的180°)钻孔而成为“带孔区”,不过,沿其另一侧(无孔区)则具有垂直隔开分布的出口20。装配筛管10时,外管18的带孔侧或者说带孔区与中心管17的带孔侧或者说带孔区径向对准,以备使用,从而使液体容易通过外管18和中心管17上的孔眼而流入中心管17之内部,这在下面将进一步说明。
多个肋条(例如图2和3所示的径向对置的一对肋条)22沿纵向穿过环形区19将中心管17和外管18的带孔区(即生产区)与管17和18的无孔区(即更替流道区)密封地分开和隔离,其目的在下面说明。环形区19的上、下端用密封件(例如盖子或盖板26,图中只示出上端的盖板26)封闭。进口23和23a分别穿过上盖板26和/或外管18的无孔区的上圆周而形成一个只进入筛管10的“更替流道”的浆料(即固体颗粒)入口。
如上所述,在井下设备10中,中心管17和外管18各自的带孔区都有孔眼。应当明白,虽然图中示出筛管10只在上述两种管的约180°的圆周带有孔眼,但是,各管圆周上带孔的部位可以多于180°或少于180°,这取决于所需的生产区相对于更替流道区的体积比,例如若要求生产区有较大的容量,可将各自圆周的75%的区段打孔,剩下25%就是无孔区,依此类推。另外,也可采用多于两个的肋条22,(见图2中虚线所示的22)以便形成一条以上沿筛管之无孔区的更替流道。
如图2和3所示,每个肋条22的一条纵向边(即内边)沿其长度焊接在(或用其他方法固定到)中心管17上。如图所示,一对肋条22彼此沿径向互相对置隔开,但是,也应明白,也可以采用其他的径向间距(例如彼此相隔90°),以形成较大或较小的更替流道,或者当地势可以控制时,可以采用多个肋条22以形成多条更替流道(见图2)。在将内管17和固定好的肋条放入外管18内时,肋条22的另一边(即外边)便被滑入沿外管18之内壁上形成的纵向延伸的槽25内。
如果肋条与它们各自的槽之间的间隙大到不能阻止从无孔区向带孔区的较大的漏泄,可用密封剂(例如环氧树脂等)密封肋条与外管18之内壁之间的空隙。然后用盖板22将环形区19的上、下端盖住,使入口23对准筛管的更替流道侧。应当明白,如果在具体的砾石充填作业中采用多段连接的井下筛管10,在上一段的下盖板(未示出)上要设置一个与相邻下段上的入口23液体连通的出口,以便使井下筛管全长的更替流道相连通。
如图所示,筛管10具有一段连续缠绕在外管18之外表面上的筛管的绕丝30,每圈筛管绕丝30与相邻的绕丝稍稍隔开以在各绕丝圈之间形成液体通道(未示出),这在许多商业供应的绕丝筛管中都是这样的,例如BAKERWELD Gravel Pack Screens,Baker Sand Control,Houston,TX。可以在外管18的无孔区预先做出隔开的出口孔20,或者在绕丝30定位后再钻出出口孔20。每个出口孔20内最好置入硬质衬套20a,以便减小砾石移动过程中对孔的侵蚀,见美国专利No.5842516(1998.12.1提出),其内容已纳入本文作为参考。
虽然如上所述的肋条22是组装入筛管10中的独立结构件,但是,肋条22a也可以做成内管17a的整体部分(见图4)。用铸造法或采用其他办法制成带有整体肋条22a的内管17a,可以显著节约筛管的制造成本。在本实施例中,外管18仅仅置于内管17a的外面,并在肋条22a的外端与外管18之间涂上密封剂。
在用本发明所用的典型的砾石充填作业中,先装配好筛管10,然后沿作业管柱16将它下降至井身11内,直到其位置接近地层12,再装上充填器28,如同现有技术所知的那样。然后将砾石浆料(沿图1中箭头33所示方向)泵入作业管柱16,浆料从“转向接头”34处的出口32流出,再进入包围井下筛管10的井下环形区35。在砾石浆料进入井下环形区35时,打开上盖板26上的入口23,也接收浆料。
当砾石浆料在包围筛管10的环形区35内向下流动时,浆料内的液体将渗入地层12和/或通过筛管本身而流失。浆料中的砾砂则沉积并集中在环形区中而在筛管10周围形成砾石充填区。如果在环形区填满之前液体从浆料中流失太多,可能在环形区35内形成砂桥(未示出),从而堵住浆料继续流过,这又进一步阻止砂桥下面的环形区的充填。
在本发明中,如果在砾石充填作业完成之前形成了砂桥,当砾石浆料不能继续向下流过筛管10的更替流道侧时,就从彼此隔开的出口20流出,从而绕过砂桥完成砾石充填作业。在进行砾石充填作业的过程中,砾石不会流入中心管17,因为可让液体流过的筛管绕丝30可有效地堵住砾石的流动。而且,由于在筛管10的生产区的上盖板26上没有入口,故没有砾石流入井下环形区19的生产区。
一旦完成了砾石充填作业,便从作业管柱16上卸下转向接头34,然后再按通常办法以一串生产管(未示出)替代之。然后,将井10投入生产,此时,液体从地层12流过包围筛管的砾石充填层,再从各圈绕丝之间通过并从外管18和内管17的孔眼进入中心管17内,然后从中心管17通过一连串又与中心管17流体连通的生产管(未示出)引到地面。
砾石从筛管10内的更替流道直接填到环形区内不同高度上可使在整个完井层段内砾石的分布较好,尤其是当完成全部砾石充填作业之前在环形区内形成砂桥时更是这样。而且,由于更替流道是在同心管件之间形成的,故位于筛管10内,因此可在搬运和安装砾石充填筛管时防止损坏和误用。
Claims (14)
1.一种井下筛管,它具有:
一根具有带孔侧壁与无孔侧壁的中心管;
一根直径较大的同心地置于上述中心管之外而在它们之间形成环形区的外管,该外管也具有带孔侧壁和无孔侧壁,当该外管同心地置于中心管之外时,其带孔侧壁和无孔侧壁分别与上述中心管的带孔侧壁和无孔侧壁径向相对准;
一个用于封闭上述环形区的上端的盖子;
一种置于上述环形区内用于将上述中心管和外管的径向对准的带孔侧壁与上述中心管和外管的径向对准的无孔侧壁隔开的构件,其中,上述的两个带孔侧壁构成上述井下筛管的生产区,其中,上述的两个无孔侧壁构成上述井下筛管的更替流道区;
一种可让液体流入上述筛管的上述带孔侧壁内同时又阻止颗粒物流入上述筛管的带孔侧壁内的构件;
至少一个位于上述外管的上述无孔侧壁上的出口;和
一个开设在上述环形区的上端仅允许颗粒物流入上述筛管的上述更替流道内的入口。
2.根据权利要求1的井下筛管,其特征在于,上述的可让液体流过上述带孔侧壁同时又阻止颗粒物流过的构件具有一段缠绕在上述外管的外表面上的筛管绕丝,其中,每圈上述的绕丝与相邻的一圈绕丝互相隔开,从而在绕丝圈之间形成液体通道。
3.根据权利要求1的井下筛管,其特征在于,上述的将上述生产区与上述更替流道区隔开的构件具有多个沿纵向延伸通过上述环形区并在上述的中心管与上述外管之间延伸的肋条,该肋条在上述环形区内彼此径向隔开,从而将上述环形区分开成上述的生产区与上述的更替流道区。
4.根据权利要求3的井下筛管,其特征在于,上述的多个肋条是一对在上述环形区内相互径向对置的肋条。
5.根据权利要求3的井下筛管,其特征在于,上述每个肋条的内边固定在上述中心管上,而每个肋条的外边则置于上述外管的内壁上形成的相应的纵向延伸的凹槽内。
6.根据权利要求3的井下筛管,其特征在于,上述的多个肋条是在上述的内管上整体做出的。
7.根据权利要求1的井下筛管,其特征在于,上述的至少一个出口是沿上述外管的上述无孔侧壁的长度方向上互相隔开的多个出口。
8.根据权利要求7的井下筛管,其特征在于,还具有分别置于上述的多个互相隔开的出口内的硬质衬套。
9.一种组装井下筛管的方法,包含下列步骤:
将中心管置入直径较大的外管内,从而在两个管之间形成一个环形区;
沿上述的中心管和上述的外管长度方向但只在每种管的圆周的一部分打孔,使每种管各具有一个带孔的径向区和一个无孔的径向区,当上述两种管同心地安置时,上述的带孔区和无孔区分别沿径向对准;
将上述环形区内位于上述两种管的对准的带孔的径向区附近的部分与上述环形区的位于上述两种管的对准的无孔径向区附近的部分隔开;
盖住上述环形区的上端;
设置一个通过上述环形区的上端但只接通上述两管的上述无孔的径向区附近的环形区的入口,让颗粒物流入上述环形区的无孔区内;和
设置至少一个接通上述外管的无孔径向区供上述颗粒物排出的出口。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其特征在于,还包含下列步骤,将筛管绕丝缠绕在上述外管上并在相邻的两圈绕丝之间留出间隔而构成可让液体流过但阻止颗粒物流过的通道。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其特征在于,上述的中心管和上述的外管在上述中心管置入上述外管之前先钻出上述的孔。
12.根据权利要求10的方法,其特征在于,还包括如下步骤:再设置多个通过上述外管的无孔径向区的出口,该出口沿上述外管的长度方向即纵向互相隔开。
13.根据权利要求10的方法,其特征在于,通过将多个径向隔开的肋条各自的一边固定在上述中心管上而将上述环形区的上述部分隔开;和
将上述肋条的另一边置入在上述外管的内壁上形成的纵向延伸的相应凹槽内。
14.根据权利要求10的方法,其特征在于,上述的环形区的上述部分由在上述中心管上整体形成的并且径向延伸而与上述外管相接合的径向隔开的肋条分隔开。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/290,605 | 1999-04-13 | ||
US09/290,605 US6227303B1 (en) | 1999-04-13 | 1999-04-13 | Well screen having an internal alternate flowpath |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1346421A true CN1346421A (zh) | 2002-04-24 |
CN1188585C CN1188585C (zh) | 2005-02-09 |
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CNB008061408A Expired - Lifetime CN1188585C (zh) | 1999-04-13 | 2000-04-13 | 带有内部更替流道的井下筛管 |
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US (1) | US6227303B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1188585C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU761583B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0009756A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2366000C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE10084454B4 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA002841B1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2367316B (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA01010195A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO331108B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2000061913A1 (zh) |
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AU4347400A (en) | 2000-11-14 |
EA200101074A1 (ru) | 2002-04-25 |
GB0127122D0 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
NO20014980L (no) | 2001-12-13 |
CA2366000C (en) | 2008-01-15 |
MXPA01010195A (es) | 2002-03-27 |
BR0009756A (pt) | 2002-01-08 |
WO2000061913A1 (en) | 2000-10-19 |
NO20014980D0 (no) | 2001-10-12 |
GB2367316B (en) | 2003-11-12 |
AU761583B2 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
DE10084454T1 (de) | 2003-11-13 |
EA002841B1 (ru) | 2002-10-31 |
GB2367316A (en) | 2002-04-03 |
US6227303B1 (en) | 2001-05-08 |
DE10084454B4 (de) | 2008-10-30 |
NO331108B1 (no) | 2011-10-10 |
CA2366000A1 (en) | 2000-10-19 |
CN1188585C (zh) | 2005-02-09 |
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