CN1369680A - 热交换器 - Google Patents

热交换器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1369680A
CN1369680A CN02103465A CN02103465A CN1369680A CN 1369680 A CN1369680 A CN 1369680A CN 02103465 A CN02103465 A CN 02103465A CN 02103465 A CN02103465 A CN 02103465A CN 1369680 A CN1369680 A CN 1369680A
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Prior art keywords
fin
duct section
groove
heat exchanger
group
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CN1280602C (zh
Inventor
斯蒂芬·梅默里
格埋戈里·休斯
张礼政
C·詹姆斯·罗杰斯
克雷格·格罗曼
爱德华·鲁宾逊
理查德·米尔克
乔纳森·P·瓦特勒特
劳伦斯·加贝
理查德·J·特拉普
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Modine Manufacturing Co
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Modine Manufacturing Co
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/08Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of both metal tubes and sheet metal
    • B21D53/085Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of both metal tubes and sheet metal with fins places on zig-zag tubes or parallel tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0012Brazing heat exchangers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F28D1/0435Combination of units extending one behind the other
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0475Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F28D1/0476Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0478Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/022Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F28F1/325Fins with openings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/14Heat exchangers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0085Evaporators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00Fins
    • F28F2215/02Arrangements of fins common to different heat exchange sections, the fins being in contact with different heat exchange media
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00Fins
    • F28F2215/12Fins with U-shaped slots for laterally inserting conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/02Streamline-shaped elements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49364Tube joined to flat sheet longitudinally, i.e., tube sheet
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49373Tube joint and tube plate structure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49377Tube with heat transfer means
    • Y10T29/49378Finned tube
    • Y10T29/4938Common fin traverses plurality of tubes

Abstract

本发明提供了一种铝质热交换器,消除了在圆管散热片热交换器中存在的热交换效率低的问题。该热交换器包括第一和第二联管箱(20、22)和至少一个在所述联管箱(20、22)之间延伸的扁平管(24、70)。形成一组总体上平行的管道段,每个管道段具有相对的边缘。一组散热片(26、50)布置为叠层组,每个散热片具有一组端部开口的槽(34),一个槽用来接纳一个管道段(24、70)。每个管道段(24、70)嵌在相应的槽(34)中,所述散热片(26、50)使管道段的一个边缘(40)在相应散热片(26)的外侧延伸。所述组件被铜焊在一起。

Description

热交换器
技术领域
本发明涉及热交换器,尤其涉及一种铜焊铝板散热片热交换器。
背景技术
在具有高纵横比(宽度和高度的比值)的热交换器中,常常需要将管道段设置在一个总体上水平的面中,以使成本最低。典型的这种热交换器是蒸发器和冷凝器,它们可应用在非公路车辆的空调系统中、娱乐车辆的空调系统中和货车冷藏系统中。尤其是在用作蒸发器时,与水平布置的管道相连的传统的蛇形百叶窗式散热片存在排水问题,这是因为在散热片之间积水。也就是说,在蒸发器中,需要采取措施排出凝结在热交换器部件上的水分,以避免上冻,不然会阻塞空气流动,极大地降低效率。
基于上述及其他考虑,过去已经用圆管散热片技术制造出了高纵横比的蒸发器和其他热交换器。所述管水平布置,所述散热片竖直布置,以允许水沿散热片向下、绕着所述管、并通过热交换器的底部排出。但是,与铜焊并流热交换器相比,圆管散热片热交换器的性能有三方面的主要不足。
首先,圆管基本上闭塞了热交换器的供空气通过的正面。因此,下风面(air side)的热传递不足。
第二个问题是,传统地用在这样的热交换器中的管和散热片之间的机械连接不能够在管和散热片之间可靠地提供紧密的、良好的热交换接触,结果,由于散热片-管之间的结合不好,常常减弱了热传递。
第三个问题是,使用圆管要求有较大的散热片高度(散热片高度是散热片在两相邻管的中心线之间的长度)。散热片的有效高度大导致了散热片效率不高。
还有一个有时候发生在热交换器中的问题一般是下风面面积小,这种情况是不希望看到的。看一看傅立叶定理就会知道,面积不足阻碍了下风面上的热传递。因此,希望增加下风面的面积,同时又不会使散热片高度增加到导致散热片效率不高的程度。
本发明就是为了克服上述一个或多个问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个主要目的是提供一种新的改进的制造热交换器的方法,该方法不需要在铜焊工艺中用夹具固定。
本发明的另一个主要目的是提供一种使用散热片的新的改进的热交换器,所述散热片竖直布置在具有水平管道段的热交换器中,具体来说,是这样的一种热交换器,其中,在管和散热片之间提供良好的接合,避免管和散热片之间的界面上热传递不佳。
本发明的第三个主要目的是提供一种新的改进的使用散热片的热交换器,它将下风面面积最大化,而不导致不希望有的散热片高度的增加,以改善热交换器下风面上的热传递效率。
本发明的一种实现上述第一个主要目的的实施例是一种制造热交换器的方法,它包括下列步骤:
a).提供一组总体上平行的管道段,该管道段组属于一根具有一个最大厚度和一个最小厚度的扁平热交换管;
b).提供一组散热片,每个散热片具有一组数目约等于管道段数的管槽,每个槽开口于有关散热片的一个边缘,并具有:i)与要接纳在该槽中的管道段的横截面形状相应的形状,ii)小于要接纳在该槽中的管道段的最大厚度的深度,和iii)约等于或稍小于要接纳在该槽中的管道段的最小厚度的宽度;该方法还包括下列步骤:
c).将管道段密配合到每个散热片的相应槽中,使得每个管道段的一个边缘伸出接纳该管道段的槽端部一个距离;
d).将步骤c)得到的组件置于一个支承面上,使管道段的边缘与支承面接触,并使散热片在管道段上方延伸;和
e).在该组件在所述支承面上时,并且在没有用来将散热片以组装关系保持在管道段上的焊接夹具的情况下,将所述组件置于足够高的、足以将散热片铜焊到管道段上的温度下。
在一种实施例中,所述管道段由蛇形管的直线段形成。而在另一种实施例中,所述管道段分别由直的管件构成。
在本发明的一种实施例中,所述管道段的横截面为泪珠形。而在另一种实施例中,所述管道段的横截面为椭圆形。
根据上述第二个主要目的,提供一种铝热交换器,它包括第一和第二联管箱以及至少一个在所述联管箱之间延伸并与之流体连通的、形成一组总体上相互平行并相互间隔的管道段的扁平管。每个管道段具有限定管道的最大厚度的相对边缘和一组内部通道,所述相对边缘将形成管道的最小厚度的侧壁相互连接起来。一组散热片堆叠地布置,每个散热片具有一组端部开口的、接纳管道段的槽,一个槽接纳一个管道段。每个槽的总体形状为其要接纳的管道段的横截面的形状,其宽度等于或稍小于相应管道段的最大厚度,其深度稍小于相应管道段的最大厚度。每个管道段嵌在散热片的相应槽中,每个管道段的一个边缘位于相应散热片的外侧。所述联管箱、管道段和散热片构成一个铜焊组件。
在一种实施例中,所述散热片是长形的,所述槽在其一个长边上开口。散热片的另一个长边没有被槽打断。
在一种实施例中,在所述另一个长边和所述槽之间有一个加强梗。
在另一个实施例中,所述散热片是长形的,在散热片的两个长边上都有槽的开口。
在一种这样的实施例中,在一个长边上开口的槽与在另一个长边上开口的槽对齐。
在一种实施例中,所述管道段由U形管的两条分支构成,其中一个分支被置于在所述散热片的一个长边上开口的槽中,另一个分支被置于在所述散热片的另一个长边上开口的槽中。
在这样的实施例中,每个U形管的每个分支最好在紧邻相应U形管的弯曲部的地方扭转90度。
根据上述第三个目的,提供了一种热交换器芯,它包括一组由扁平的多通道管形成的总体上平行的管道段,以及一组相互堆叠并具有足以接纳所述管道段的相互间隔的开口的散热片。所述管道段布置在所述开口中,具有一个铜焊到散热片的所述开口处的最大厚度,散热片的在所述开口之间的部分在总体上垂直于所述最大厚度的方向上呈弓形,以增加散热片在所述开口之间的表面积,而不需要加大相邻开口之间的间隔。
在一种实施例中,散热片上的开口是从其一个边缘延伸到散热片内的槽。
从以下结合附图进行的说明中,可以明了本发明的其他目的和优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明的热交换器的一个实施例的侧视图;
图2是图1所示的实施例大致沿着图1中的剖面线2-2的剖面图;
图3是图1所示的实施例大致沿着图1中的剖面线3-3的剖面图;
图4类似于图2,但是是本发明的一种改进的实施例;
图5类似于图3,但是是图4所示的实施例;
图6是本发明的另一种变化的实施例的侧视图;
图7是大致沿着图6中的剖面线7-7的剖面图;
图8是大致沿着图6中的剖面线8-8的剖面图;
图9是本发明的另一个实施例的示意图;
图10是用在本发明的实施例中的优选散热片结构的局部剖视图;
图11是类似于图10的视图,但是是散热片的一种可选的、效果较次的实施例;
图12是本发明的使用泪珠形管道的实施例的局部横剖面剖视图;
图13是大致沿着图12中的剖面线13-13的剖面图;
图14是一个曲线图,表示了四种不同类型的散热片均使用扁平多通道管道时的相对性能,所述四种散热片即:传统的蛇形散热片结构,图10的散热片,图11的散热片,以及传统的扁平散热片结构。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图描述本发明的实施例。这种描述通常是在具有水平管道段和竖直延伸的散热片的热交换器的前提下。但是,应当理解,并非要作如此限制,而要以权利要求明确表达的为准。类似地,尽管热交换器的部件最好为铝或者铝合金,但是,在非铝质的热交换器中,也可以应用本发明的各种增强性能的特征而仍然具有有益效果,这些特征比如是使用弓形散热片,以及/或者使用开槽的、在散热片一个边缘上开口的散热片。在这方面,同样地,无意局限于铝质的热交换器,除非权利要求中明确表达。
图1到3示出了本发明的热交换器的第一种实施例。从图中可以看到,该实施例包括一对竖直延伸的、相互平行并有间隔的联管箱20、22。联管箱20、22最好是用铝板材焊接形成或者简单地挤压形成的中空圆柱体,但是如果需要,也可以通过焊接或者铜焊形成的多件联管箱。
各管件的直线段形成的扁平多通道管24在联管箱20、22之间延伸并与之流体连通。管道24可以挤压形成,也可以是具有镶嵌件的焊接管。
一组铝散热片26在所述联管箱20、22之间并配合在管道24上。在一种典型的实施例中,散热片26的密度大约为每英寸二十个散热片,当然,根据需要,散热片密度可以更大或者更小。
最好,在每个管道段24之间,散热片26具有一种传统的百叶窗式的结构28,这在图3中表示得最清楚。
图3还示出了具有多个内部通道30的管道24。一般,每个通道的水力学直径不大于0.070”,最好是不大于0.050”。但是,如果不优先考虑效率,也可以用更大的水力学直径。示于图3的特定扁平管是扁平椭圆的形式,具有平坦的外侧壁32,侧壁之间的距离传统上称为管道的最小厚度。它在图3中表示为“d”。每个管道24的弯曲的端部或者说边缘之间的距离传统上称为管道的最大厚度,在图3中表示为“D”。
如图1和图2所示,散热片26是堆叠起来的,叠层组中的每一个散热片具有一组开口于散热片26的一个边缘36的槽34。在图1到3所示的实施例中,散热片26的另一个边缘38则是完整的。
槽34的深度小于管道的最大厚度,这个差一般约等于管道24的圆形边缘40的曲率半径。槽34另外还具有与每个管道24的横截面相应的形状,但其标称尺寸稍小,以保证槽34的边缘能够紧密地抱住管道24的侧壁。也就是说,槽34的宽度最好稍小于管道的最小厚度“d”。
当管道24为铝质时,联管箱20、22和散热片26也用铝制成。最好,联管箱20、22和散热片有一个外部铜焊合金覆层,并且管道24为挤压铝管。或者,管道24可以是焊接的,并具有一个外部铝焊合金(aluminum braze alloy)覆层,以便与联管箱20、22形成紧密的铜焊接头,并与散热片26结合良好。
在装配如图1所示的热交换器时,将管道24插入联管箱20、22和装到联管箱上的散热片26叠层组的对齐的槽(图中未示出)中。或者,可以在装联管箱20、22之前将散热片26装到管道上。在任何情况下,由于管道24和槽34的如前所述的尺寸关系,管道边缘40都会超过散热片26的边缘36。因此,这样形成的芯件可以放置到一个平坦表面上,使管道24的边缘40与该表面接触以得到支撑。该芯件可以被放入铜焊炉(连续的或者其他类型的)中,使温度上升到铜焊温度。在典型的结构中,由于散热片26比管道24的壁薄,当散热片26接近基底金属的熔化温度并开始软化时,散热片26就会在重力的作用下进入图3所示的位置,而不需要用任何特殊的夹具来完成这一点。这样就进行了铜焊,冷却后,组件就呈现图3所示的样子,叠层组中的所有散热片26都相互对齐。该工艺不仅避免了成品中的散热片不对齐从而使成品不好看而不理想,它还使得在铜焊过程中不需要使用夹具来相对于管道固定所述散热片,从而大大简化了制造工艺。
示于图1到3实施例非遍举地示出了一种单管列热交换器。图4和图5示出了一种具有两个管列的热交换器实施例。为了简明起见,相同的部件不再重复描述,并以相同的标号表示。在图4和图5的实施例中,使用了两组联管箱20、22,一组用于一个管列。使用了两列管道24和一组散热片50。在示于图4和图5的实施例中,形成有两列槽34,一列开口于散热片的一个边缘52,另一列开口于散热片50的另一个边缘54。槽34与管道24的相对尺寸与前述一样,并且也在相邻管道24之间提供了百叶窗结构28。制造过程与前述一样,并且,通过适当地连接管道,可以使所述管列液力并联或者串联,甚至可以用来冷却两种不同的流体,如果需要的话。
在某些情况下,两相邻联管箱,比如联管箱20,可以用单个更大的联管箱取代,由该单个联管箱接纳两列管道24。在这种情况下,其中一个联管箱22设置一个入口,另一个联管箱22设置一个出口。
图6到图8非遍举地示出了本发明的另一个实施例。在该实施例中,有两个管列,它们在水力学上是串联的。同样,为了简明起见,类似的部件不再重复描述,并且使用与前面使用的标号相同的标号。在图6到图8的实施例中,热交换器非常类似于图1到图3所示的热交换器,其使用的散热片26设有仅在散热片26的一个边缘36上开口的槽34。在该实施例中,管道56在联管箱20、22之间延伸。但是,对于具有相同的正面面积的热交换器来说,与图1到图3的实施例相比,管道56要长许多,并且使用了两组散热片26。每一组散热片紧邻一个相应的联管箱20、22,在热交换器的中央留有一个总体上用标号58表示的间隙,该处的特征是没有散热片。
在使用前述方法装配和铜焊热交换器之前,将每个间隙58的中央部分相对于每个管道56部分向上旋转90度,使之从每组散热片26中露出,形成一个紧邻每组散热片的弯曲部分62。每个间隙58的中央部分60如图7所示没有扭转。然后将各部件装配起来并铜焊,接下来,可以使两个联管箱20、22如图7所示相互接触,在两个扭转部62之间形成一个180度转弯的弓形部分。这样,管道56就成为U形的,具有延伸于相应联管箱20、22的扭转部之间的直的分支66,U形的弯曲部分由间隙58的中央部分60形成,形成了所述弓形部分64。
图6到图8的实施例仅使用了两个管列,但应当理解,可以以同样的方式提供任意数目的管列,只需增加间隙数目,并在每个间隙58中都形成扭转部62和弯曲部64即可。例如,根据图6到图8的实施例,三列结构具有由两个间隙58隔开的三组散热片26。
图9示出了本发明的另一个实施例。在该实施例中,单根管道70形成为蛇形,具有一组直管段,图9所示为八段这样的管段。联管箱20、22位于每根管道70的端部,所述直管段72上装有散热片,比如散热片26。当然,如果需要图9所示的双列热交换器,用在图4和图5的实施例中的散热片50可以连同一个附加管道70一起使用。
图10示出了用在本发明中的散热片26、50的一种优选形式。该实施例中的散热片26、50如图10所示是弓形的,包括传统的带有间隔支脚82的百叶窗80。图10中的散热片槽34(图中未示出)没有凸缘,抵在管道24、56的侧壁32上。在这方面,在铜焊过程中,当使用前述的工艺或者传统的铜焊工艺时,边缘84会与管道24、56的平坦侧壁32形成良好的结合。可以注意到,有意义的是,散热片26、50是弓形的,有一定的弹性,可以将边缘84压向侧壁32。另外,由于边缘84上没有凸缘,增加了下风面的自由流动面积(air side free flow area),从而改善了下风面的热传递系数。
图11示出了可以用在本发明中但效果稍次的一个实施例的散热片26、50。在该特定实施例中,在散热片的槽34的边缘有极小的凸缘抵着管道24、56的平坦侧壁32。
同样,在图11的实施例中,散热片26、50是弓形的。该特征的重要性在于,弓形散热片增加了下风面面积但不会增加散热片高度,也就是说,可以在给定的正面面积中安装同样数目的管道24、56,而下风面面积可以通过使用弯曲的散热片而增加。这样,面积的增加就会改善下风面上的热传递,而在第二流面(second fluid side)上没有任何损失,因为可以布置同样多的管道24、56。另外,百叶窗的长度也增加了,从而加强了涡流和热传递。还要注意到,图10的实施例的下风面性能稍强于图11的实施例,从而比具有传统尺寸的凸缘的管道的性能好得多,原因是,传统尺寸的凸缘减少了热交换器中可获得的下风面自由流动面积。
图12示出了可以用在本发明中的另一种扁平管。具体来说,该管道是具有多通道92的泪珠形管道90。同样,散热片26、50中的槽94是这样的,使之可紧密接纳管道90,也就是说,槽94的深度稍小于管道90的最大厚度,其形状类似于管道90的横截面形状。在该实施例中,槽94的宽度可以与管道90的最小厚度相同或稍小于它。
如果需要,在图12所示的实施例中,或者在别的实施例中,可以沿每个散热片的长度使用一个或多个长形的加强梗100。在图12和图13中均示出了所述加强梗。在图4和图5的实施例中,加强梗可以位于散热片的中央,在两列槽之间。除了加强功能外,当热交换器用作蒸发器时,加强梗100还增强冷凝物的排放。
尽管在附图中没有示出,在比如示于图4到图8的多管列实施例中,一个管列中的管道相对于一个或多个其他管列中的管道可以错开。另外,在某些情况下,可能希望管道的最大厚度相对于散热片的纵轴线倾斜一个非90度的角度。
现在看图14。该图图示了各种散热片结构,包括图10和图11所示结构的测试结果。标准下风面速率(standard air face velocity)曲线是根据下述数据绘制的:a)热通量与进入温度差之比(heat flux forentering temperature difference),单位是英国热量单位(btu)每平方英尺每华氏度,和b)下风面压力降(air side pressure drop),单位是英寸水柱。可以看到,本发明的弯曲散热片与传统的蛇形散热片相比是有利的,比较表明,本发明解决了发生在散热片热交换器中的结合问题。尤其可以注意到,在传统的平坦散热片的情形下,按照本发明制造的散热片的热交换性能具有显著的优点。还可以看到,图10的散热片相对于图11的散热片具有明显的优势,无论是在热传递方面,还是在提供更小的下风面压力降方面。
本发明提供了一种取消了圆管的热交换器,圆管会产生高的通风阻力,也就是说,会增加下风面压力降;该热交换器还取消了通常在这种热交换器中会见到的机械连接。而且,本发明还允许使用较小的散热片高度,以避免大的散热片高度导致效率的损失。尽管本发明的热交换器适合于许多不同的用途,但它用作蒸发器尤其有利,因为,带加强梗并且在管之间有间隙的竖直散热片的使用提供了优异的冷凝物排放功能,在用于冷藏或空调系统的蒸发器中,常常发生冷凝的情况。
制造也简化了,因为散热片26和散热片50可以用同一个模具制造,只要在一个更宽的散热片的两侧重复冲压操作就可以了。另外,允许管道的圆形边缘40稍微超出散热片的边缘36、52、54,这提供了独一无二的好处:可以不使用用来将散热片定位到一个公共面上的焊接夹具而进行各部件的铜焊。
由于弯曲散热片的使用,增加了下风面面积而不需要增加散热片的高度,并且有一个附带的好处,那就是,固有的弹性使散热片的槽的边缘紧紧抱住管道的侧壁,从而进一步确保了铜焊过程中的良好联接。

Claims (30)

1.一种制造热交换器的方法,它包括下列步骤:
a).提供一组总体上平行的管道段,该组管道段属于一根具有一个最大厚度和一个最小厚度的扁平热交换管;
b).提供一组散热片,每个散热片具有一组数目约等于管道段数的管槽,每个槽开口于有关散热片的一个边缘,并具有:
i)与要接纳在该槽中的管道段的横截面形状相应的形状,
ii)小于要接纳在该槽中的管道段的最大厚度的深度,和
iii)约等于或稍小于要接纳在该槽中的管道段的最小厚度的宽度;
c).将管道段密配合到每个散热片的相应槽中,使得每个管道段的一个边缘伸出接纳该管道段的槽一个距离;
d).将步骤c)得到的组件置于一个支承面上,使管道段的边缘与支承面接触,并使散热片在管道段上方延伸;和
e).在该组件在所述支承面上时,并且在没有用来将散热片以组装关系保持在管道段上的焊接夹具的情况下,将所述组件置于足够高的、足以将散热片铜焊到管道段上的温度下。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述管道段由蛇形管的直线段形成。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述管道段分别由直的管件构成。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述管道段的横截面为泪珠形。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述管道段的横截面为椭圆形。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述散热片在所述槽之间的部位弯曲。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述散热片和所述管道段是铝或其合金制成的。
8.一种制造铝和/或铝合金热交换器的方法,包括下列步骤:
a)将一组具有端部开口的槽的散热片装到一组横截面形状与所述槽的形状相同的管道段上,使得每个管道段的一个边缘超出接纳该管道段的槽一小段距离;
b)将步骤a)得到的组件放置到一个支撑面上,使所述管道段边缘与该支撑面接触,并使所述散热片在该支撑面上方并不与之接触;
c)将铝焊合金置于所述管道段和所述散热片的界面上;和
d)在没有用来把所述管道段和所述散热片维系于组装关系的焊接夹具的情况下,将前述步骤得到的组件置于铝焊温度下足够长时间,使所述散热片在重力作用下落实到所述管道段上。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,步骤c)这样实施:在进行步骤a)之前,在所述散热片和所述管道段之一或二者上覆盖所述铝焊合金。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述管道段是具有一个最大厚度和一个最小厚度的扁平管,所述槽的深度稍小于所述最大厚度。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法,还包括在散热片的所述槽之间设置弯曲部分的步骤。
12.一种制造热交换器的方法,包括下列步骤:
a)将一组具有端部开口的槽的散热片装到一组横截面形状与所述槽的形状相同的管道段上,使得每个管道段的一个边缘超出接纳该管道段的槽一小段距离;
b)将步骤a)得到的组件放置到一个支撑面上,使所述管道段边缘与该支撑面接触,并使所述散热片在该支撑面上方并不与之接触;
c)在没有用来把所述管道段和所述散热片维系于组装关系的焊接夹具的情况下,将前述步骤得到的组件置于铜焊温度下足够长时间,使所述散热片在重力作用下落实到所述管道段上。
13.一种铝热交换器,它包括:
第一和第二联管箱;
至少一个在所述联管箱之间延伸并与之流体连通的、形成一组总体上相互平行并相互间隔的管道段的扁平管;
每个所述管道段具有限定管道的最大厚度的相对边缘和一组内部通道,所述相对边缘将形成管道的最小厚度的侧壁相互连接起来;
一组散热片堆叠地布置,每个散热片具有一组端部开口的、接纳管道段的槽,一个槽接纳一个管道段,每个槽的总体形状为其要接纳的管道段的横截面的形状,其宽度等于或稍小于相应管道段的最小厚度,其深度稍小于相应管道段的最大厚度;
每个所述管道段嵌在散热片的相应槽中,每个管道段的一个所述边缘位于相应散热片的外侧;
所述联管箱、管道段和散热片构成一个铜焊组件。
14.如权利要求13所述的热交换器,其中,所述管道段由单独的管道形成。
15.如权利要求13所述的热交换器,其中,所述管道段由至少一个蛇形管形成。
16.如权利要求13所述的热交换器,其中,所述槽至少部分地由焊接到所述管道段上的凸缘限定。
17.如权利要求13所述的热交换器,其中,所述槽具有焊接到所述管道段上的无凸缘的边缘。
18.如权利要求13所述的热交换器,其中,所述散热片在所述槽之间的部位弯曲。
19.如权利要求13所述的热交换器,其中,所述散热片是长形的,所述槽在其一个长边上开口。散热片的另一个长边没有被槽打断。
20.如权利要求19所述的热交换器,在所述另一个长边和所述槽之间有一个加强梗。
21.如权利要求18所述的热交换器,其中,所述散热片是长形的,在散热片的两个长边上都有槽的开口。
22.如权利要求21所述的热交换器,其中,在一个长边上开口的槽与在另一个长边上开口的槽对齐。
23.如权利要求21所述的热交换器,包括一个在所述散热片的长度方向延伸的长形的连续条带,该条带位于开口于所述一个长边上的槽和开口于所述另一个长边长的槽之间。
24.如权利要求21所述的热交换器,其中,所述管道段由U形管的两条分支构成,其中一个分支被置于在所述散热片的一个长边上开口的槽中,另一个分支被置于在所述散热片的另一个长边上开口的槽中。
25.如权利要求24所述的热交换器,其中,开口于所述相对的长边上的槽是对齐的,每个所述U形管的分支位于所述对齐的槽中。
26.如权利要求25所述的热交换器,其中,每个U形管的每个分支在紧邻相应U形管的弯曲部的地方扭转,扭转角度在90度以下,包括90度。
27.如权利要求13所述的热交换器,其中,所述平行的管道段是由一组U形管形成的,每个U形管具有两个由一个弯曲部连接起来的平行分支,并且,有两组所述散热片,一组散热片设置在相应的第一分支上,另一组散热片设置在相应的另一分支上。
28.如权利要求27所述的热交换器,其中,每个所述U形管的每个所述分支在紧邻相应U形管的弯曲部的地方有一个90度的扭转。
29.一种热交换器芯,它包括:
一组由扁平的多通道管形成的总体上平行的管道段;和
一组相互堆叠并具有足以接纳所述管道段的相互间隔的开口的散热片;
所述管道段布置在所述开口中,具有一个铜焊到散热片的所述开口处的最大厚度;
散热片的在所述开口之间的部分在总体上垂直于所述最大厚度的方向上呈弓形,以增加散热片在所述开口之间的表面积,而不需要加大相邻开口之间的间隔。
30.如权利要求29所述的热交换器,其中,所述开口是从散热片的一个边缘延伸到散热片内的槽。
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US20040149424A1 (en) 2004-08-05
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