CN1372449A - 改进的脊椎融合器件及手术器具 - Google Patents

改进的脊椎融合器件及手术器具 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1372449A
CN1372449A CN00812522A CN00812522A CN1372449A CN 1372449 A CN1372449 A CN 1372449A CN 00812522 A CN00812522 A CN 00812522A CN 00812522 A CN00812522 A CN 00812522A CN 1372449 A CN1372449 A CN 1372449A
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China
Prior art keywords
extension element
loading supporting
supporting surface
linear
fusion device
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Pending
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CN00812522A
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English (en)
Inventor
马丁·普夫莱德尼尔
阿尔伯特·盖瑞特·瓦尔特库森
格特·尼耶伯宁
阿莱克·波尔·伯克帕克
凯瑞·斯图特·方东
马克·桑德斯
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DEPP INTERNATIONAL Ltd
Baat Bv Engineering
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DEPP INTERNATIONAL Ltd
Baat Bv Engineering
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Publication of CN1372449A publication Critical patent/CN1372449A/zh
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Abstract

一种适用于植入两相邻椎骨之间椎间盘空间的脊椎融合器件,所述整复器件包括由生物相容性材料制成的弯曲片条,所述片条的宽度使其在施放后可与椎骨接触,片条的制造材料在达到永久变形前可经历多种其它形变。所述片条呈两端分离的弯曲形状,片条厚度及其弯曲部分曲率半径的选定应使它在被基本拉直后不产生较大的永久变形。这样,片条在被拉直后便于植入椎间空间,而在植入后又可回复其原有的弯曲形态。

Description

改进的脊椎融合器件及手术器具
技术领域
本发明涉及改进了的脊椎融合器件、手术器具和施术方法。本发明特别涉及但并非仅仅局限于适合植入两节椎骨之间的椎骨融合器件;所述融合器件为一弯曲条片,由具有生物可容性的材料制成,所述条片的宽度在其植入后可保证与椎骨的接触配合。
背景技术
融合器件的作用在于促进相邻椎骨的彼此融合。这一作用同椎间盘置换的作用不同,在进行椎间盘置换时,新椎间盘要反映它所取代的天然椎间盘的行为并具有相当的运动灵活性。
融合器件广泛应用于因事故、过载、年老等原因使脊椎椎间盘不再能够实现其正常的支撑和稳定功能的场合,并被人们所熟知。在上述情况下,需要将器件植入所述椎间盘的位置,使其全部或部分承担起椎间盘的承重功能,直到椎骨融合。已知的这种融合器件为具有封闭侧面的所谓护架结构,例如可以是圆筒型的,在器件植入后,它的两个端面同椎骨相接触构成介入空间的连结。这类融合器件通过介入术植入介入空间,并被施放在精确的位置。为获得良好的稳定性和满意的荷重能力,一般需要在脊椎的两侧并排植入两个这种融合器件。
这种已知器件的一个缺点是其难于准确植入介入空间,精确植入费时、费力,手术费用昂贵,同时术中需开较大的手术刀口,  导致不稳定和局部创伤。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种易于植入介入空间的较好器件,所述器件在保持操作简单的同时还可提供比已知器件更大、从而更理想的支撑面。本发明的另一个目的是为在介入空间植入融合器件提供改进了的施术器具。本发明的再一个目的是为植入融合器件和使用施术器具提供一种更为先进的施术方法。
按本发明的第一个目标,我们提供了一种包括具有一个或多个荷重上支撑面和一个或多个荷重下支撑面的延展元件的脊椎融合器件,所述荷重上支撑面和下支撑面在纵向上由所述延展元件进行彼此隔离,所述延展元件具有基本呈线形结构的第一种形态和呈非线形结构的第二种形态,并可在这两种形态之间进行转换--至少可从第二种形态装换到第一种形态一次,从第一种形态转换到第二种形态一次,所述延展元件由形态记忆合金制成。
脊椎融合器件应能促进器件介入其间的两节相邻椎骨之间的融合。融合可通过骨质的内生或其它成分的生长来加以促进。所述融合器件可抑制它所连接的椎骨与其相邻椎骨之间产生相对运动。
所述延展元件可以大体上为平片形结构,例如是一个条片,或者是一个盘片。
延展元件的横截面沿其长度方向可以在一处或多处有所变化,即可使其横截面沿其长度方向呈非线形分布。沿其长度方向,可使器件在多处具有非线形截面,使线形截面位于非线形截面之间,最好使线形截面与非线形截面间隔配置。非线形截面可配置在延展元件荷重上支撑面的上端或荷重下支撑面的下端,使该处的厚度增加。非线形截面可以是C型截面。延展元件具有非线形截面的部分在第一和第二形态中可具有同样的形状。延展元件上介于非线形截面之间的部分在第一种形态和第二种形态之间进行转换时产生弯曲和形状变化。
延展元件可以具有网状结构。延展元件可以是连续的,也可具有一个或多个网孔,网孔的形状可以是圆形、椭圆、三角形或菱形。
延展元件可具有线形的荷重上支撑面,也可具有非连续性的上支撑面。在荷重上支撑面上可有一个或多个凹凸。延展元件的荷重上支撑面可以是锯齿状的。可使延展元件的荷重上支撑面具有一个或多个凸起或尖峰。上述凹凸不平结构同线形平面结构在延展元件的上支撑面上交错分布。凹凸结构的形状可以是三角形。延展元件的上支撑面可具有一个或多个锯齿状结构,锯齿外形可为三角形。
延展元件可具有线形的荷重下支撑面,也可具有非连续性的下支撑面。在荷重下支撑面上可有一个或多个凹凸。延展元件的荷重下支撑面也可以是锯齿状的。可使延展元件的荷重下支撑面具有一个或多个凸起或尖峰。上述凹凸不平结构同线形平面结构在延展元件的下支撑面上交错分布。凹凸结构的形状可以是三角形。延展元件的下支撑面可具有一个或多个锯齿状结构,锯齿外形可为三角形。
上荷重支撑面和下荷重支撑面和/或一个或多个上荷重支撑面和下荷重支撑面可以是相互平行的。上荷重支撑面和下荷重支撑面和/或一个或多个上荷重支撑面和下荷重支撑面也可以彼此之间具有一定的角度。上荷重支撑面或至少一个上荷重支撑面的投影与下荷重支撑面或至少一个下荷重支撑面之间的角度一般可为5-15度,若它们之间的角度为7-13度、8-12度、9-11度就更好,理想角度为10度。上荷重支撑面和下荷重支撑面中的一个或两个可以同延展元件的高度方向不垂直。
在使用中,上荷重支撑面和/或下荷重支撑面同椎骨接触配合或植入脊椎之中。
上荷重支撑面和下荷重支撑面之间的垂直间距约为7-20毫米,间距为8-17毫米则更好,理想间距为9-15毫米。最大垂直间距最好小于22毫米,小于19毫米则更好,理想的最大垂直间距应小于17毫米。最大垂直间距最好配置在延展元件的一端或两端,特别是在由病人身体前侧引入器件的情况下。在融合器件由病人身体后侧引入的情况下,最大间距最好配置在延展元件的中部。
最小垂直间距最好大于4毫米,大于5毫米则更好,理想的最小垂直间距应大于6毫米。最小垂直间距最好配置在延展元件的一端或两端,特别是在由病人身体后侧引入器件的情况下。在融合器件由病人身体前侧引入的情况下,最小垂直间距最好配置在延展元件的中部。
第一种形态可使延展元件具有线形结构形式,也可使延展元件具有非线形结构形式-例如产生弯曲或呈波浪形结构。非线形结构形式指的是延展元件的一端同另一端的切线偏置小于5毫米,偏置小于4毫米或2毫米则更好,最佳偏置应小于1毫米。非线形结构形式意味着延展元件有一个或多个部分偏置于延展元件中心线的一侧或另一侧。它的一个或多个部分可具有最好由变化方向的曲线所构成的弯曲形状,理想形状为波浪形。第一种形态可使延展元件的一端比其它部分更加远离延展元件的另一端。延展元件介于其两端之间的部分可以是非线形的,例如包括一段或多段曲线。由相反方向曲线构成的波浪形状为最佳。
第二种形态可使延展元件的至少一个部分产生弯曲。第二种形态也可使延展元件在整体上产生弯曲。产生弯曲的半径沿延展元件的长度方向可以是一致的,也可以是变化的。最小半径至少应为3毫米,半径为5毫米则更好。
第二种形态可使延展元件的至少一个部分产生弯曲,使延展元件的至少一个部分形成波浪形或S形。上述延展元件产生弯曲和形成波浪形的两个部分可以是同一个部分。形成波浪形状的曲线半径小于1毫米。
在第二种形态下,延展元件的结构形状可以是部分圆形、圆形、螺旋形、U形、部分椭圆或椭圆形。在第二种形态下,延展元件的两端可以彼此接触,也可以相互分离。在第二种形态下,延展元件的一端可弯卷到其另一端之后,两端可以彼此接触,也可以不互相接触。
延展元件最好用单件形态记忆合金进行制造。
形态记忆合金一般选用钛合金,最好为包含镍的钛合金。形态记忆合金也可选用铜、锌和/或铝的合金。形态记忆合金还可选用铁与镍合金或铜、铝、镍合金等。合金中可包含某些其它元素。
处于温暖条件之下时,形态记忆合金可由其第二种形态转换到第一种形态。在温暖的情况下,形态记忆合金可由其第一种形态转换到第二种形态。在植入人体之前或在植入的过程中,可使延展元件处于冷态;在植入之后,也可使延展元件处于冷态,至少是使其临时处于冷态。延展元件在植入病人体内的过程中经历由冷态到温态的变化,从而引起由其第一种形态到第二种形态的转换。由冷态到温态的变化,是由于体温或外部加热的作用。
在延展元件受到外力作用时,它可由其第二种形态转换到第一种形态;当外力撤消后,它可由其第一种形态转换到第二种形态。
形态记忆合金在由第一种形态到第二种形态的转换中产生类塑性变形。在由第一种形态到第二种形态的转换中,延展元件任何部分产生的变形小于10%,最好应小于8%。
延展元件具有相应厚度,例如在与纵向应用相垂直的方向上的厚度应小于2毫米,厚度小于1。5毫米则更好,最佳厚度为1-1。5毫米。
延展元件的厚度在其长度或宽度的方向上可以是均匀分布的,也可能在某一处或某几处出现厚度的减少。这种在一处或多处的厚度减少使延展元件在其某些部分形成隐窝、凹坑或沟槽。最好用圆弧形表面将这些厚度减少的部分同延展元件的外表面连接起来。在延展元件的厚度减少的部分,厚度的减少程度有个渐变过渡。延展元件在厚度减少部分的外形包括一个连接其厚度减少部分与正常厚度部分的曲面和一个连接其正常厚度部分与厚度减少部分的曲面。最好使延展元件的厚度减少部分沿延展元件的整个宽度分布在延展元件的外表面上。延展元件的厚度减少部分在延展元件的长度方向上的间隔也可以是非均匀分布的,即厚度减少部分的分布在整个长度方向上非均匀一致。实际上,延展元件的厚度减少部分经常被配置在第一种形态与第二种形态转换时延展元件产生最大变形的一些部位,而较少被配置于在第一种形态与第二种形态转换时延展元件不产生变形或变形较小的一些部位。
当延展元件包括有一处或多处厚度减少或厚度增加的部分时,延展元件在其厚度减少处的最小厚度至少为0。4毫米;在其厚度正常或厚度增加处的最大厚度最多为3毫米。
延展元件任何一点到另一点之间的最大直线长度最好小于50毫米,若小于40毫米则更好,理想长度为35毫米。延展元件任何一点到另一点之间的最大直线宽度至少为7毫米,若为10毫米则更好,理想宽度至少为12毫米。
在器件的一端或两端-最好在其施术端配置有可与协配件配合的结构,用于联结器件与将器件植入人体的手术器具。在手术器具对器件实施插入、推进、回拉或其它操作时,所述配合结构可保证器件与施术器具的咬合。
所述配合结构具有一个或多个至少在部分上更远离器件另一端的表面,用于在器件插入时发挥联结的作用。所述配合结构具有一个或多个至少在部分上面向器件另一端的表面,用于在器件回拉或操作时发挥联结的作用。
所述配合结构可能包括一个由器件端部延伸出来的第一表面、一个由器件端部延伸出来的第二表面和一个将第一和第二表面连接起来的第三表面。第三表面基本同器件的端部平行。第一和第二表面不同器件的端部垂直,它们之间也不相互平行。上述第一、第二和第三表面最好使配合结构形成一个外凸的燕尾形嵌楔结构。
所述配合结构可能包括一个由器件端部内挖的第一表面、一个由器件端部内挖的第二表面和一个将第一和第二表面连接起来的第三表面。第三表面基本同器件的端部平行。第一和第二表面不同器件的端部垂直,它们之间也不相互平行。上述第一、第二和第三表面最好使配合结构形成一个内挖的燕尾形嵌楔结构。
本发明涉及一种适用于植入椎骨之间的脊椎整复器件,所述器件包括一个由生物可容性材料制成的弯曲片条,所述片条的宽度使其植入后可同椎骨接触配合,其特点在于:用于制造所述片条的材料在达到永久变形前可进行其它变形,所述片条被制成一端离开其另一端的弯曲形式,片条厚度及其弯曲部分曲率半径的选择使其在被基本拉直时几乎不产生任何的永久性变形,从而在将器件基本拉直的情况下可将器件方便地植入椎骨空间,器件在植入后又可恢复其原有形态。
所述片条可由形态记忆合金或形态记忆材料进行制作,例如钛、镍合金,它在达到永久变形前可经历许多其它形变。
所述弯曲的片条可以弯成U-形、圆形、螺旋形或椭圆形。
所述片条的厚度可为1。5毫米,弯曲部分的曲率半径至少为12。5毫米。在延展元件的最小厚度小于1。5毫米时,例如小于1毫米,片条弯曲部分的曲率半径至少为8毫米。
所述片条可带有网孔,即片条可以具有网状结构。
可在所述片条侧面制造出一些凸起,在片条植入人体后,这些凸起可在脊椎植入空间起到相邻椎骨间的联结和固定作用。
本发明器件的特点在于:片条由达到永久性变形前可经历许多其它形变的材料制成,所述片条被制成一端远离另一端的弯曲形式,片条厚度及其弯曲部分曲率半径的选择使其在被基本拉直时几乎不产生任何的永久性变形,从而在将器件基本拉直的情况下可将器件方便地植入椎骨空间,器件在植入后又可恢复其原有形态。
所述片条可由形态记忆合金或形态记忆材料进行制作,例如钛、镍合金。这类材料除了可在其形状的渐变过程中传递大体恒定的力之外,它们还可经历6-8%的形变而不残留任何永久性的变形。
本发明器件很好利用了上述性质:使片条具有适当的弯曲形状,使其横截面的边缘构成在预期方向对椎骨进行支撑的支撑面。同时,片条厚度及其弯曲部分曲率半径的选择使其在被基本拉直时几乎不产生任何的永久性变形,或者说所产生的残余变形低于6-8%,从而在将器件基本拉直的情况下可将器件通过较小的开口方便地植入椎骨空间,器件在植入后又可恢复其原有形态。由于本发明弯曲片条与已知器件比较起来具有更多维度的支撑截面,因此仅使用本发明的一个器件便可在脊椎介入空间提供满意的支撑强度和稳定性。因此,本发明器件的植入比较简单,仅需较小的刀口,从而创伤较轻。根据实际情况,本发明片条可被弯成U形、圆形、螺旋形、矩形或其它希望的形状。本发明器件的另一最佳设计具有以下特点:片条厚度为1。5毫米,弯曲部分的曲率半径最少为12。5毫米。这样,在片条被基本拉直时的残余变形小于8%,即几乎不产生或仅产生很小的永久性变形,在被植入椎骨之间后可回复其原有的形态。
为促进骨质的内生和增长,本发明器件在另一实施例中包含一些网孔,即器件被设计成网状结构。
为使器件植入后可在椎间良好定位,在本发明器件的另一实施例中,在片条侧面具有许多凸起结构,这些凸起在器件植入后可保证与椎骨的接触配合,在椎间起到联结和固定的作用。
按本发明的第三方面,我们提供了一种手术方法,包括以下操作步骤:
给病人开刀;
通过刀口至少取出部分椎间盘以清备椎间盘介入空间;
将融合器件插入椎间空间;
所述器件包括延展元件,所述延展元件具有一个或多个用于支撑椎骨的一个或多个上荷重支撑面和一个或多个下荷重支撑面,上荷重支撑面与下荷重支撑面由延展元件在纵向上彼此隔离;所述延展元件具有植入前的第一种形态和植入后的第二种形态,延展元件在其第一种形态下基本呈线形形式而在其第二种形态下基本为非线形形状;所述延展元件可在病人体内由第一种形态转换为第二种形态;所述延展元件由形态记忆合金制造。
所述器件可具有本文件其它部分所述的特点、选择和可能性,包括本发明第一、第二和第六部分中所作的说明。
刀口可以开在病人体前或体后,刀口的长度最好小于5厘米,小于3厘米则更好。
最好将髓核至少部分取出,也要将纤维环和椎间盘的端部一并取出。
所述器件可用手术器具插入。所述手术器具如本发明第四、第五部分或本文件其它部分所述具有燕尾状配合结构。
除了可在两节椎骨的椎间植入一个融合器件外,也可植入多个器件。可将两个或多个器件并排植入椎间。可将两个或多个期间植入椎间,使一个器件的某一部分被另一个器件所掩盖或处于另外一个或多个器件的外缘之内。在植入两个或多个器件时,可使一个器件两端之间的开口在部分上同另一个器件两端之间的开口方向相反。骨移植材料可配置在一个或多个器件之内,也可配置在一个器件某一部分与另一器件某一部分之间。
在所述方法中,所述施术器具的端部具体为器件夹持器的端部可由刀口插入到椎骨之间。手术器具最好由一个方向插入人体,在进入椎间后旋转到第二个方向。所述第二方向同第一方向之间的角度为70-110度。在其方向旋转过程中,最好使器具的端部靠紧相应的椎骨。施术器具的连续转动不断增加相应椎骨之间的距离。这样,可使器件很方便地进入椎间空间。
器件的插入可能引起其由第一中形态到第二种想台的转变,特别是在插入过程中约束力取消的情况下。在器件插入人体后可发生由第一种形态到第二种形态的转变,特别是当器件由冷态过渡到温态的情况下。器件由冷态到温态的过渡至少在部分上是由人体体温引发的。也可对器件进行辅助性外部加热。通过外加热,可使器件温度上升到摄式40度,最好使其加热到40-50度。
本发明方法可包括骨质或移植材料的增生以实现器件植入后的脊椎融合。
本发明方法包括对器件的操作和回收。应用本发明第四和第五方面所述手术器具或应用本发明第二方面所述器件的端部结构,可实施对器件的推进、操作和回收。
本发明方法包括将器件回收到手术器具之中,即要使器件由第二种形态转换为第一种形态。
本发明还涉及一种适于将上述器件植入椎间的手术器具。
按本发明的第四方面,我们提供了一种适用于将融合器件植入病人体内的手术器具,所述器具包括:一个器件夹持器、一个可推进到夹持器之内的推进结构和至少一个操作端,所述操作端直接或间接同推进结构相连,通过操作端的操作可使推进结构进入器件夹持器。
这里所说的器件即为本发明第一或第二方面所述的融合器件。
所述器件夹持器在轴向延展,其垂直于该轴向的横截面最好是均匀一致的。夹持器的轴向长度大于器件长度,特别是要大于上述器件在第一种形态下的长度。所述夹持器为一个不间断的管形结构,其横截面可以为圆形,但最好包括具有非线形截面的部分。非线形截面在高度方向上要大于延展元件截面1-20%,即大于延展元件厚度方向上截面的1-20%。所述夹持器在长度方向上要大于所述器件长度的1-25%。
器件的长度方向为其延展的方向,或者是其最大尺度的方向。器件的厚度方向与其长度方向垂直,或者是其最小尺度的方向。器件的高度方向同其长度方向垂直,或者是器件三个尺度中具有中间尺寸的方向。
对所述夹持器最好进行密封,可在其一端或两端用密封材料对其进行密封。所述推进结构在推进到夹持器之内和器件被推出夹持器时可突破这种密封。
所述器件夹持器最好可由器具上拆离。在使用前,可对这种可拆离的夹持器进行全密封,并使其内部保持无菌状态。这种可拆装的夹持器可以一次性使用或多次重复使用。
所述施术器具具有用于安装所述夹持器、至少一个操作端和推进结构的机架或机身。
施术器具的推进结构具有大体与夹持器或器件相应一致的截面。
所述推进结构可安装在一个杆件、轴柄或其它延长结构的一端。
通过与器件的连接或配合,所述推进结构可对器件产生推动作用。
推进结构也可向后运动。通过它同器件的咬合,推进结构的向后运动可带动器件也向后运动。推进结构中包含有与器件咬合的配合结构,这种配合结构可以是隐窝、沟槽等,他们可同器件上的相应配合结构相互配合。在对器件进行推进、后退或其它操作时,该配合结构可在所述推进结构与器件之间维持一种或多种连接和配合。这种配合结构能同本发明第二方面所述器件上的相应结构进行协配。
器具中所述至少一个操作端可安装在器具的机身中轴或凸起部分,在使用中可进行手持。操作端同一驱动结构相连,以便进行操作,如使驱动结构向夹持器推进。驱动结构继而推动推进结构及与推进结构相连的器件向夹持器靠近。驱动结构上具有穿孔,以使推进结构上的夹持结构得以从中通过。在驱动结构向夹持器推进时,它可夹持所述夹持结构。驱动结构通过弹簧与夹持器隔离偏置。在被从夹持器向后拉回时,驱动结构释放对夹持结构的夹持,起到一种约束或自制结构的作用。这种约束结构限制推进结构和夹持结构离开夹持器的向后运动。这种约束结构也通过弹簧与夹持器隔离偏置。约束结构可与弹簧连接。约束结构可使推进结构和夹持结构向夹持器自由运动。
按本发明的第五方面,我们提供了一种适于将上述一种或多种器件植入椎间的手术器具,其特点在于:器具包括一个长形管筒,管筒筒身内的空间可用于容纳被基本拉成直线形的片条;所述器具还同时提供了可对所述片条施加作用力的手段,从而可使片条由容纳空间中被推出和进入椎间空间。
所述器具可具有矩形截面的容纳空间。
所述器具可通过一个杆件将所述片条压出。所述杆件的一端可同所述片条接触,所述杆件被约束在规定容纳空间的筒壁之内,杆件在容纳空间的长度方向上可在相应力的作用下做步进式移动,在其它方向上受到约束机制的束缚,所述约束机制在片条引入后可以释放,此后所述杆件可由容纳空间中移出。本发明手术器具包括一个长形管筒,管筒筒身内的空间可用于容纳被基本拉成直线形的片条;所述器具进一步还提供了可对所述片条施加作用力的手段,从而可使片条由容纳空间中被推出并进入椎间空间。
此外,按本发明的最佳实施例,所述容纳空间的截面为矩形,用于将片条推出的机制设计可使推出过程以步进式进行。
按本发明的第六方面,我们提供了一种包括延展元件的脊椎融合器件:所述延展元件具有一个或多个上荷重支撑面和一个或多个下荷重支撑面,上荷重支撑面与下荷重支撑面由延展元件在纵向上彼此隔离;所述延展元件具有第一种形态与第二种形态,延展元件在其第一种形态下基本呈线形形式而在其第二种形态下基本为非线形形状;所述延展元件可产生形态变换,至少可由其第二种形态转换为其第一种形态一次和由第二种形态转换为第一种形态一次;所述延展元件可以是由许多延展细丝并拢而成的积聚体。
所述延展元件由许多延展细丝组成,所述延展细丝至少在延展元件的部分长度上-最好在元件的整个长度上-彼此相互接触。所述延展细丝在形状上彼此相应一致,在材料、尺寸等方面彼此相同。延展细丝的数量可以为三个、四个或五个。延展细丝可为具有相同结构的片条,相邻片条彼此相互接触。
所述许多延展细丝最好聚拢在一起构成一个延展元件。所述延展细丝最好在一端互相连接在一起,这一端是首先进入人体的一端。所述延展细丝可通过一个或多个固紧件扎在一起,也可通过黏合剂粘在一起。
本专利文件在其它地方所指出的一些器件特点、变型和选择可能性等,均可综合到有关本发明器件在这一方面的说明之中。
附图说明
以下将结合附图对本发明进行说明。附图包括:
图1a、1b、1c、1d、1e、1f和1g为表明本发明各实施例中器件形状的从两个垂直方向的简要视图。
图2为本发明器件植入脊椎的示意图。
图3为本发明另一实施例的简要视图,融合器件为一条可弯可直的形态记忆合金片条,它在达到持久形变前可经历其它变形。
图4为本发明手术器具一个实施例的简要视图,它可用于将本发明器件植入脊椎。
图5为图4手术器具沿V-V线的剖视图。
图6A和图6B表明本发明器件的另外两个实施例。
图7为按本发明用于将器件植入脊椎的手术器具的另一实施例。
图8为形态记忆材料在延展和恢复过程中的形变-应力特性曲线。
图9A为一部分视图,表明两节椎骨及按本发明用器具植入融合器件时手术器具端部的初始介入位置。
图9B部分视图表明图9A手术器具旋转到器件施放位置。
图10为本发明器件另一种结构形式的简要视图。
图11A、11B和11C表明按本发明将一对融合器件植入一对椎骨之间的三种不同形态。
图12表明本发明另一实施例中器件的端部细节。
具体实施方式
如图1A所示,本发明器件为一个由形态记忆合金(形态记忆材料或形态记忆金属)制成的片条1,其形状为圆形。
在图1B中,本发明器件为一个由形态记忆材料制成的片条1,其形状为螺旋形。
在图1C中,本发明器件为一个由形态记忆材料制成的片条1,其形状为U形。
在图1D中,本发明器件为一个由形态记忆材料制成的片条1,其形状为椭圆形。
在图1E中,本发明器件为一个由形态记忆材料制成的片条1,其形状总体上呈圆形,但在其长度方向上有波浪起伏,即片条1在图中虚线所示圆周线的内外交替起伏。这种结构形状的器件具有如下特点:在任何一处的材料厚度均不增加(从而保持相当的柔软性),但却可使器件在给定位置植入的总长度增加。这样将增加片条顶部和底部的表面积,有利于对脊椎提供支撑。对图1A所示器件也可采用这种结构形式以获得相同的支撑表面,但要采用较细的片条。波浪形结构还可增加柔软性。这样,既可保证便利器件植入的良好柔软性又可保证器件植入后的良好支撑能力。这种器件结构形式对其在使用前的存放也有好处。不用太费力就可使其成为备用的形式,如图1E中最下面的图所示。
在图1F中,本发明器件也是一个由形态记忆材料制成的圆形片条1,但在其外缘有许多凹坑1A。凹坑1A的最大深度约深入到片条厚度的50%。凹坑的形状和深度大致相同且间隔分配于片条的整个长度上。在释放之前,器件中的凹坑1A为片条的形变提供了容纳空间。片条的其余部分具有相当的厚度,以使顶面和底面在器件应用中能对其接触的椎骨提供预期支撑。这种结构形式同样也能在便于植入的柔软性和对椎骨的保持和支撑之间获得平衡。图1F最下面的一张图表示器件备用时的线形存放形式。
图1G表示截面在1C处非线形的另一种形式的片条1。片条1的上荷重支撑面与下荷重支撑面在这些1C处展厚,联结这些展厚部分之间的是线形截面1D。在由第一种形态到第二种形态或由第二种形态到第一种形态的转换中,部分1D产生最大弯曲变形。因支撑面的增加,这种C-形截面的器件可增加支撑能力,同时保持相当的柔软性。
上述一些图中的片条1由包含铜与锌、钛与镍或镍与铁等元素的形态记忆合金制成。由于其类塑性特性,形态记忆合金在达到其永久性变形之前可发生小于8%的形变。由这种材料制成的具有一定厚度和曲率半径的片条在被拉直后不会产生大于8%的残余形变,在使其拉直的因素去除后又可恢复原来的弯曲状态。因此,在图1A、1B、1C、1D、1E、1F和1G的实际应用中,当整个片条的厚度一致时,片条的理想厚度为1。5毫米,片条弯曲部分的曲率半径最好大于12。5毫米。当片条包括有厚度减小的部分时,该部分的厚度可减少到0。4毫米,弯曲的曲率半径也可适当减小,例如减到大于8毫米。在这种情况下,片条在经过变形后均可恢复其原有形态。就是说,在片条几乎被拉成直线以便通过椎骨间的连接狭缝实施介入术后,器件可恢复其原有的形态。在施放位置,面2和面3可与椎骨接触配合,使片条起到椎间盘的荷重作用,发挥对椎骨进行支撑和稳定的功能,直到骨骼获得融合。这种器件可有相当大的横向应变,因此仅进行一次整复也许就足够了。
图2为本发明器件植入脊椎椎骨之间的示例。
图3表明片条1处于形变状态,图中片条1的外缘是非平坦的,具有凸刺4和5。这种带有凸刺的结构形式可使器件植入后保持与椎骨的正确位置和良好接触。片条上也可带有一些网孔6,以有利于促进骨质的内生和融合。
为将片条1植入人体,可应用图4所示手术器具。所述器具包括一个如图5所示具有矩形截面的管状结构7,拉直为直线形的片条1可放入所述管状结构中。在片条的端部配置有一个与长杆9相连的压缩滑块8。平板10保持适当间隙压在长杆9上,弹簧11通过所述平板的一侧、作用在可旋转的杠杆操作臂12的端部。在杠杆操作臂12的另一侧配置有弹簧13,它可将滑块杠杆14压至闭锁状态。
器具的工作过程如下。通过杠杆12推动平板10向右运动,所述平板将会固紧在长杆9上;杠杆12继续推动其向右运动,使滑块8将片条1向外压出。再使杠杆向左运动,平板10随其向回运动。由于闭锁杠杆14对左向运动的闭锁作用,长杆9将停留原地。这样,杠杆12来回运动若干次将使片条1逐渐由容纳管7进入其拟植入位置。在片条从容纳管推出之后,通过压动闭锁杠杆可使滑块8和长杆9回到它们的初始位置,从而释放闭锁,使长杆9和滑块8向左运动。
图6A和图6B表明本发明器件的其它可能的实施例。在图6A中,片条20的壁上有网孔22,在其上下表面有凹窝24。由于其表面积的减少,凹窝24可使上荷重支撑面26和下荷重支撑面28对片条相对于椎骨的相对运动提供抑制。在图6A所示实施例中,片条的一端(图中的A端)与片条的另一端(图中的B端)相比起来更高一些。B端实际上是器件两端的开口处。片条在不同位置的不同高度和上荷重支撑面与下荷重支撑面之间形成的锥度可使器件与椎骨形态在实用中更好的互相接触和配合。上下荷重支撑面之间的夹角α可在8-12度范围,最好为10度。
图6B表明了一个与此类似的器件实施例,只是在本例中上下荷重支撑面彼此平行。
在此,强烈希望器件由单层材料制造,以避免一些因使用多层材料而带来的问题,例如多层材料间的相对运动等。可采用厚度为1-1。5毫米的片条,它们能够被拉直并具有足够的恢复弹力。单片融合器件的适当半径约为15毫米。
最好使器件可对椎间盘或椎间平面内的作用力表现出相当的柔软性;但同时希望器件的高度或其维系的椎骨间距保持不变。
在图7所示的器具实施例中,图4实施例中所示永久性管状结构已被可替换管件30所替代,它可通过螺栓的固紧部分33同器具的一端32相联结。器件34被隔板36封在管件30的两端之内。这样,器件34以全封闭状态被提供给手术器具,从而可保证它在运输和施放中的无菌状态。
这种器具的应用与上述图4所示实施例相似,通过推动器具中的活塞38推动隔板36,从而使其接触器件34的端部40。活塞38的连续运动可推动器件34不断向前,从而突破隔板36的障碍,使器件进入椎间空间。
应用形态记忆合金(形态记忆金属或材料)可为施术过程带来许多便利。在施术过程中,管壁对器件施加约束;在器件脱离管件端口后,器件就可恢复其原先的形状。具有图8所示类塑特性的形态记忆金属材料意味着在应力撤消后在恢复其原有形状时存在某种“滞后”;因此,由形态记忆合金制作的器件比用其它材料制作的器件更特别易于采用上述器具进行施放,其它材料在外加应力释放后很快就会恢复其原形。但本发明的应用前景并不仅仅依据这一点。
为按本发明植入融合器件,需开一较小刀口,并清理欲融合的椎间盘空间。应尽量减小刀口的尺寸,以使手术创伤最小化。在清除损伤的椎间盘之后,用于施放器件的施术器具端头通过取出椎间盘的刀口插入人体。携带器件的器具端部如图9A所示以扁平位态插入,然后慢慢转变为图9B所示立起来的位态。这样,随着器具的旋转,外表面50逐渐对椎骨进行靠近、接触和推压,使它们之间的间距不断扩大到适合植入融合器件的预计程度。也可辅助应用扩张块来使椎骨分离到适当程度。
除了上述将器件拉直和将其在施术中保持线形的技术之外,也可应用形态记忆合金在冷态和温态的不同特性。在温态条件下,可将形态记忆合金制成的正常为弯曲的片条拉直;当片条温度降低时,这种变形可以被保持下来。在冷态下可将器件植入椎间盘空间,由于体温使植入器件的温度升高,使其由冷态过渡到温态,器件可变回其原有的形态。对器件进行外部加热有助于促进这种转变过程。器件可被加热到摄式40-50度,然后使其冷却。在此应用了形态记忆合金的形变滞后特性曲线。
虽然本发明特别强调应用形态记忆合金使脊椎融合器件达到柔软性和支撑能力的良好平衡,但应用传统材料(例如弹性材料)、经仔细的结构设计,也可实现本发明的某些优点。为使器件能通过较小的入口植入脊椎,图10所示器件为一呈U-形的片条100。为采用这种材料并可提供预计的支撑能力,需要有足够大的上荷重支撑面和下荷重支撑面体量。对采用单件传统材料进行制造来说,这将导致器件在施放前的线形结构的柔软性较差。为克服这一问题,本实施例中的器件为许多较细片条102的聚合体,他们被位于端部的固定件104聚集在一起。在应用中,这一端部首先进入病人身体。各较细片条的厚度及它们之间产生相对运动的能力使器件具有预计的柔软性。
在上述各种实施例中,都是将一个器件植入一对椎骨之间,以促进它们之间的融合。在有些情况下,例如在治疗骨质疏松病时,需要能够提供更大的支撑面和支撑能力。此时,可应用本发明,将两个或多个器件植入一对椎骨之间。图11A、11B和11C表明这种应用的三种可能结构形式。应用上述三种结构形式,都可达到介入和创伤最小化的主要目标。在图11A中,两个器件200具有相同的结构形式,并排使用。在图11B中,两个器件200相扣配置,每个器件都包括处于另一器件之中的部分。在图11C所示两个器件200中,有一个器件用于遮盖另一器件两端之间的缝隙。这种结构形式在机械上有助于融合点骨移植材料的固位。
采用图4所示施术器具可以方便地将本发明器件引入人体;但在有些情况下,还希望能对引入后的器件进行操作或将其取出,其中包括将器件由脊椎中取回到施术器具之中。这就要求器件能够由其第二种形态再次回复到其第一种形态。为此,图12表明在施术器具中为操作和取出器件302而改进的端部结构300和协配件304。
器件302的端部300有一个燕尾槽,所述燕尾槽的较小开口为306,较宽开口为308。较宽开口308的最大尺寸小于器件300的宽度310,因此在操作中不会增加手术的介入程度。施术器具的协配件304带有一个燕尾形的凸起端头312,可与器件端部的燕尾槽互相配合。
如上所述,在进行器件施放时,推动手术器具的驱动部分可通过协配件304和燕尾槽的配合作用使器件302进入病人人体。当施术者欲将器件302取出时,也可利用协配件与燕尾槽的配合机制,通过抽出协配件304而取出器件302。通过将器件取出并放置到施术器具内,可使器件由其第二种形态回复到第一种形态。与此类似,通过施术器具到协配件304再到器件302的运动传递,可对植入人体的器件302进行操作。
从操作施术器具作简单的运动到将协配件304收回到施术器件之内,可采用各种手段对器件302进行施放、回收和操作。
由上述一些实施例可见,本发明提供了各种结构形式的融合器件,可酌情选择适当的器件植入人体,且所述器件可通过很小的入口植入脊椎,不会造成严重创伤和过度介入。由以上描述还可以看到,本发明器件为一个由形态记忆材料制成的片条,可将其弯曲成各种形式,在上述实施例中仅对其中几种形式进行了说明。应当理解,器件应根据整复的实际需要来进行选择和变换。

Claims (38)

1、一种包括延展元件的脊椎融合器件:其特征在于所述延展元件具有一个或多个上荷重支撑面和一个或多个下荷重支撑面,上荷重支撑面与下荷重支撑面由延展元件在纵向上彼此隔离;所述延展元件具有第一种形态与第二种形态,延展元件在其第一种形态下基本呈线形形式而在其第二种形态下基本为非线形形状;所述延展元件可产生形态变换,至少可由其第二种形态转换为其第一种形态一次和由第二种形态转换为第一种形态一次;所述延展元件由形态记忆合金制造。
2、如权利要求1所述融合器件,其特征在于在所述第一种状态下,所述延展元件具有线形结构形式。
3、如权利要求1所述融合器件,其特征在于在所述第一种状态下,所述延展元件的一端同另一端的直线距离比该端同元件其它任何部分之间的距离更大,所述器件具有波浪形结构形式。
4、如上述各权利要求所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述第二种状态使所述延展元件至少有一部分为弯曲的结构形式。
5、如上述各权利要求所述融合器件,其特征在于在所述第二种状态下,所述延展元件至少有一部分为波浪形起伏状的片条。
6、如上述各权利要求所述融合器件,其特征在于在所述第二种状态下,所述延展元件为半圆形、螺旋形、U-形、半椭圆形或椭圆形的结构形式。
7、如上述各权利要求所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述延展元件在其整个长度上有一处或多处具有不同于其它各处的厚度,这种厚度的减少扩展到延展元件的整个宽度。
8、如权利要求7所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述延展元件厚度减少处为一些沟槽形结构。
9、如权利要求7或8所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述延展元件厚度减少处在由所述第一种形态装换为第二种形态时比延展元件的其它部分产生更大的形变。
10、如上述各权利要求所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述延展元件的厚度小于3毫米。
11、如上述各权利要求所述融合器件,其特征在于在所述第二种形态下,所述延展元件由其任何一点到其任何其它一点的最大直线距离最好小于50毫米。
12、如上述各权利要求所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述延展元件在其整个长度上有一处或多处具有非线形截面,在所述非线形截面之间为线形截面。
13、如权利要求12所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述非线形截面增加了所述延展元件在其上荷重支撑面和下荷重支撑面的厚度。
14、如上述各权利要求所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述延展器件具有一个或多个上荷重支撑面和一个或多个下荷重支撑面,所述上荷重支撑面和下荷重支撑面或一个或多个上荷重支撑面和下荷重支撑面相互平行。
15、如上述各权利要求所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述延展器件具有一个或多个带有一些锯齿或凸峰的上荷重支撑面和一个或多个带有锯齿或凸峰的下荷重支撑面。
16、如权利要求1-13所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述上荷重支撑面和下荷重支撑面或一个或多个上荷重支撑面和下荷重支撑面之间形成角度,上荷重支撑面或至少一个上荷重支撑面的投影与下荷重支撑面或至少一个下荷重支撑面之间的角度为5-15度。
17、如权利要求14-16所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述上荷重支撑面与下荷重支撑面之间的垂直距离为7-20毫米。
18、如权利要求14-17所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述上荷重支撑面与下荷重支撑面之间的最小垂直距离大于4毫米。
19、如上述各权利要求所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述延展器件具有一个或多个网孔,网孔的形状可为圆形、椭圆形、三角形或菱形。
20、如上述各权利要求所述融合器件,其特征在于其中所述延展器件至少有一个用于配合的燕尾形端头。
21、一种手术方法,其特征在于包含如下步骤:
给病人开刀;
通过刀口至少取出部分椎间盘以清备椎间盘介入空间;
将融合器件插入椎间空间;
所述器件包括延展元件,所述延展元件具有一个或多个用于支撑椎骨的一个或多个上荷重支撑面和一个或多个下荷重支撑面,上荷重支撑面与下荷重支撑面由延展元件在纵向上彼此隔离;所述延展元件具有植入前的第一种形态和植入后的第二种形态,延展元件在其第一种形态下基本呈线形形式而在其第二种形态下基本为非线形形状;所述延展元件可产生形态变换,至少可由其第二种形态转换为其第一种形态一次和由第二种形态转换为第一种形态一次;所述延展元件由形态记忆合金制造。
22、如权利要求21所述手术方法,其特征在于其中所述用于制造器件的形态记忆合金在冷态下呈第一种形态,在温态下呈第二种形态;所述器件至少被病人体温部分加温而由冷态转变为温态,从而使器件由其第一种形态转换为第二种形态。
23、如权利要求22所述手术方法,对所述器件可进行外部加热,从而可使病人体内的器件温度至少达到摄式40度。
24、一种用于将融合器件植入病人体内的手术器具,包括:一个器件夹持器、一个可推进到夹持架之内的推进结构和至少一个操作端,所述操作端直接或间接同推进结构相连,通过操作端的操作可使推进结构进入器件夹持器。
25、如权利要求24所述手术器具,其中所述推进结构的端部在其推进和回收过程中可与所述器件的端部密切配合。
26、如权利要求24或25所述手术器具,其中所述夹持器在一端或两端密封。
27、如权利要求26所述手术器具,其中所述器件夹持器在一端或两端进行密封,所述推进结构在推进到夹持器之内和器件被推出夹持器时可突破密封。
28、如权利要求24-27所述手术器具,其中所述器件夹持器可由器具上拆离。
29、如权利要求24-27所述手术器具,所述器具具有用于安装所述夹持器、至少一个操作端和推进结构的机架。
30、一种包括延展元件的脊椎融合器件:所述延展元件具有一个或多个上荷重支撑面和一个或多个下荷重支撑面,上荷重支撑面与下荷重支撑面由延展元件在纵向上彼此隔离;所述延展元件具有第一种形态与第二种形态,延展元件在其第一种形态下基本呈线形形式而在其第二种形态下基本为非线形形状;所述延展元件可产生形态变换,至少可由其第二种形态转换为其第一种形态一次和由第二种形态转换为第一种形态一次;所述延展元件可以是由许多延展细丝并拢而成的积聚体。
31、如权利要求30所述融合器件,其中所述延展细丝形状一致。
32、如权利要求30或31所述器件,其中所述延展细丝为许多形状一致的片条,相邻片条彼此相互接触。
33、如权利要求30-32所述器件,其中所述许多延展细丝聚拢在一起构成一个延展元件,所述延展细丝在一端互相连接在一起。
34、一种包括延展元件的脊椎融合器件,所述延展元件具有一个或多个上荷重支撑面和一个或多个下荷重支撑面,上荷重支撑面与下荷重支撑面由延展元件在纵向上彼此隔离;所述延展元件具有第一端和第二端,延展元件在其两端之间基本上为非线形结构形式。
35、如权利要求34所述融合器件,其中所述延展元件具有预定的厚度和曲率半径,所定的厚度和曲率半径使所述延展元件在被基本拉直时不产生大于8%的残余变形。
36、如权利要求34或35所述融合器件,其中所述曲率半径与厚度之比至少为8∶1。
37、一种使用整复器具的方法,包括以下步骤:
A)备配权利要求34所述融合器件;
B)将非线形的延展元件基本拉直;
C)将基本拉直的器件插入椎间盘空间;
D)使基本为线形的延展元件回复其非线形结构形式。
38、所提供的一种器件:
A)提供如权利要求34所述器件;
B)将所述延展元件由非线形形式拉直为线形形式;
C)使所述延展元件由线形形式恢复到非线形形式。
CN00812522A 1999-07-28 2000-07-28 改进的脊椎融合器件及手术器具 Pending CN1372449A (zh)

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CN102014803A (zh) * 2008-04-22 2011-04-13 活动脊柱技术有限公司 人造椎间间隔件
CN102014803B (zh) * 2008-04-22 2015-07-22 活动脊柱技术有限公司 人造椎间间隔件
CN106333764A (zh) * 2015-07-10 2017-01-18 牛津医工有限公司 构建外科手术植入物的方法、外科手术植入物以及套件

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