CN1422497A - 选择性更新用户简档的方法和装置 - Google Patents

选择性更新用户简档的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1422497A
CN1422497A CN01807835A CN01807835A CN1422497A CN 1422497 A CN1422497 A CN 1422497A CN 01807835 A CN01807835 A CN 01807835A CN 01807835 A CN01807835 A CN 01807835A CN 1422497 A CN1422497 A CN 1422497A
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feedback
user
profile
program
preference
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CN100499794C (zh
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J·D·谢弗
K·P·李
K·库拉帕蒂
S·古塔
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04HBROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/35Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users
    • H04H60/46Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users for recognising users' preferences
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/442Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
    • H04N21/44213Monitoring of end-user related data
    • H04N21/44222Analytics of user selections, e.g. selection of programs or purchase activity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/45Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/4508Management of client data or end-user data
    • H04N21/4532Management of client data or end-user data involving end-user characteristics, e.g. viewer profile, preferences
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/45Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/454Content or additional data filtering, e.g. blocking advertisements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/45Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/466Learning process for intelligent management, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/45Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/466Learning process for intelligent management, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/4668Learning process for intelligent management, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies for recommending content, e.g. movies
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47End-user applications
    • H04N21/475End-user interface for inputting end-user data, e.g. personal identification number [PIN], preference data
    • H04N21/4756End-user interface for inputting end-user data, e.g. personal identification number [PIN], preference data for rating content, e.g. scoring a recommended movie
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/16Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/162Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing
    • H04N7/163Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing by receiver means only

Abstract

公开了一种电视节目推荐器,它选择性地从用户获取反馈信息,以更新与该用户相关的一个或多个简档。先前获得的隐式和显式偏好被用来选择性地侧重收集的反馈信息,以进一步更新和改进隐式和显式偏好。本发明以下述方式从用户获取反馈信息:使获得的信息价值最大化并提高电视节目推荐器的性能。当发生预定义标准时,本发明自动从用户请求反馈。可以变更请求反馈的特性以及利用所获得的反馈调整简档的方式。

Description

选择性更新用户简档的方法和装置
发明领域
本发明涉及为用户产生推荐、如电视节目的推荐的方法和装置,更具体地说,涉及用于选择性地更新被用来生成这种推荐的用户简档的技术。
发明背景
随着可供电视观众收看的频道数量的增加,以及这些频道提供的节目内容的多样化,对电视观众来说,确定感兴趣的电视节目变得越来越困难。在以往,电视观众通过分析印刷的电视节目指南来确定感兴趣的电视节目。通常来说,这种印刷的电视节目指南包含有列出了所能得到的电视节目的时间、日期、频道和标题的表格。随着电视节目的数量增加,采用这种印刷的指南来有效地确定希望观看的电视节目变得愈加困难。
最近,可以得到电子格式的电视节目指南,它通常被称为电子节目指南(EPG)。如同印刷的电视节目指南一样,EPG包含有列出了所能得到的电视节目的时间、日期、频道和标题的表格。然而一些EPG允许电视观众根据个人喜好来拣选或查找可得到的电视节目。另外,EPG提供可得到的电视节目的在屏显示。
与传统的印刷指南相比,尽管EPG允许观众更有效地确定希望观看的节目,但是它们还是具有许多局限性,如果能克服这些局限性的话,就可以进一步地提高观众确定所希望的电视节目的能力。例如,许多观众对一定类型的节目,如动作片节目或体育节目,具有特殊的喜好或偏见。因此,可以将观众的喜好应用到EPG中,以获得可能会引起特定观众兴趣的一组推荐节目。
因此,已经提出或建议了多种工具来推荐电视节目。例如,可从加利福尼亚州Sunnyvale的Tivo公司(Tivo,Inc.,of Sunnyvale,California)买到的TivoTM系统允许观众采用“赞同和反对”特征来对节目进行评分,从而分别表示观众喜欢和不喜欢的节目。之后,TiVo接收器将所记录的观众喜好与所收到的诸如EPG的节目数据相匹配,从而作出适合各个观众的推荐。
隐式电视节目推荐器根据观众的观看历史得到的信息以不引人注目的方式产生电视节目推荐。图1说明利用常规隐式电视节目推荐器160生成观众简档240。隐式观众简档140是从收看历史125得到的,它表示给定用户是否观看过各节目。如图1所示,隐式电视节目推荐器160以众所周知的方式处理收看历史225,以得到隐式观众简档140,该简档中包含一组反映观众偏好特点的推理规则。由此,隐式电视节目推荐器160尝试根据观众观看或没有观看该组节目来得到该观众的收看习惯。
另一方面,显式电视节目推荐器明确地询问观众有关他们对节目特征,如标题、类型、演员、频道和日期/时间的喜好,从而得到观众简档并产生推荐。图2说明利用常规显式电视节目推荐器260生成观众简档240。显式观众简档140根据观众调查225生成,它提供对每个节目特征的评分,例如利用映射到“厌恶”与“热爱”之间的不同兴趣级别的数值标度提供这种评分,表示给定观众是否观看了每个节目特征。如图2所示,显式电视节目推荐器260以众所周知的方式处理观众调查125,以生成包含一组实现观众偏好规则的显式观众简档240。
尽管这些电视节目推荐器可确定给定观众可能感兴趣的节目,但是它们还存在若干局限性,如果能克服这些局限性,就可以进一步地提高所产生的节目推荐的质量。例如,显式电视节目推荐器通常不适合于观众变化的偏好。相反,所生成的节目推荐是基于静态调查响应的。另外,更全面的说,显式电视节目推荐器需要各个用户对非常详细的调查进行响应。例如,假定对于“类别”特征,有180种不同的可能值,用户仅指定他或她“喜爱的5种类别”,而并未获得有关用户对其余175种可能类别的偏好信息。同样地,隐式电视节目推荐器通常对观众的收看习惯作出观众容易地可以明显看出的不正确的假设。
因此,需要一种方法和装置来更新用来生成推荐的用户简档。
发明概要
一般地公开一种电视节目推荐器,它选择性地从用户获取反馈以更新给定用户的一个或多个简档。先前获得的隐式和显式偏好被用来选择性地侧重于收集的反馈信息,以进一步更新和改进隐式和显式偏好。本发明用下述方式从用户获取反馈:将所获得的信息的价值最大化并提高电视节目推荐器的性能。此外,本发明还减少了反馈询问中的武断性。
本发明在出现预定义标准时自动从用户请求反馈。例如,在如下情况下可以请求反馈来更新简档:如果(i)收看行为与简档中记录的信息不一致或与生成的节目推荐计分不一致;(ii)隐式或显式节目推荐器生成中性推荐计分(既非正,也非负的推荐);(iii)隐式或显式节目推荐器生成冲突的推荐计分;或者(iv)上述情况的任何组合。可以实时(或脱机)地将预定义标准与生成的推荐计分和/或收看行为进行比较来自动触发对反馈信息的请求。
此外,本发明允许改变请求反馈的特性,以及应该如果利用这种反馈更新简档。在一种实现中,请求用户在以下情况下对节目进行评分(i)看上去与简档中的信息或指定节目推荐计分不一致的正在观看(或未观看)的节目,或者(ii)隐式和/显式节目推荐器指定了中性或冲突推荐计分的节目。
在一个实施例中,请求的反馈被存储在日志文件中,本文称为“反馈请求列表”,以便随后呈现给用户。在给定反馈请求会话期间,反馈控制过程协调从反馈请求列表呈现给用户的反馈请求的时间和数量,以便(i)最大限度地减少请求的武断性;(ii)最大限度地提高所获得的反馈信息的质量;或者(iii)上述两者的组合。
根据显示的反馈,本发明确定是否要调整显式或隐式观众简档(或二者)中所包含的信息以及调整的量。例如,响应反馈请求而收到的用户提供的节目评分可以是表示用户对该节目喜欢或不喜欢的程度的计分。用户提供的节目评分可以被用于更新隐式简档,就象用户已经观看过该节目一样。此外,如果用户提供的节目评分满足预定义标准,如超过最小阈值,则节目本身可以被添加到显式简档。在另一变型中,用户可以选择更新显式简档500中触发反馈请求的任一冲突信息。
参考下面的详细说明和附图,将对本发明以及本发明的其他特性和优点有一个更全面的理解。
附图简介
图1说明利用常规隐式电视节目推荐器生成隐式简档;
图2说明利用常规显式电视节目推荐器生成显式简档;
图3是根据本发明的电视节目推荐器的示意框图;
图4是说明根据本发明的电视节目推荐器的处理流程的示意图;
图5是说明图3的例示显式观众简档的表;
图6是说明图3的例示隐式观众简档的表;
图7是来自图3的简档影响规则数据库的样本表;
图8是说明实施本发明的原理的图3的选择性简档更新过程的流程图;以及
图9是说明实施本发明的原理的图3的反馈控制过程的流程图。
详细描述
图3说明根据本发明的电视节目推荐器300。如图3所示,电视节目推荐器300评估电子节目指南(EPG)310中的各个节目,以识别特定观众感兴趣的节目。例如,采用众所周知的在屏显示技术,可以利用机顶盒/电视机(未示出)将推荐节目组呈现给观众。虽然本发明是基于电视节目推荐进行说明的,但是本发明还可以运用于任何根据诸如收看历史或购买历史的行为历史的自动生成推荐。
图4从处理的角度提供的电视节目推荐器300的示意图。如图4所示,各个观众使用显式简档界面450对他们对各种节目特征的偏好进行评分,其中包括例如,日期和收看时间、频道、演员以及电视节目的类别(种类)。用户提供的显式偏好被用于生成下面将结合图5进一步讨论的显式简档500。显式简档500又被用于以众所周知的方式通过显式节目推荐器460生成节目推荐计分。
同样地,简档器440根据收看历史430得到下面将结合图6进一步讨论的隐式简档600,其中收看历史430表示给定观众是否观看过具有每个节目特征的节目。收看历史430从监视用户收看行为的机顶盒425获取。隐式节目推荐器470又以众所周知的方式利用隐式简档600生成节目推荐计分。
根据本发明的一个特性,电视节目推荐器300选择性地从用户获取反馈,以更新给定用户的隐式或显式观众简档500、600(或二者)。一般来说,先前获得的隐式和显式偏好被用来选择性地偏重收集的反馈信息,以更新这种隐式和显式偏好。由此,电视节目推荐器300可以用下述方式从用户获取反馈:将所获得的信息的价值最大化进而提高电视节目推荐器300的性能。同时最大限度地减少反馈询问的武断性。
在一种实现中,本发明采用将结合图7进行讨论的简档影响规则700,在步骤475期间,在出现诸如特定事件的预定义标准时,简档影响规则700能够自动从用户请求反馈。正如以下结合图7进行的讨论,所建立的简档影响规则700可以确定在步骤480期间从用户请求的反馈的时间和特性,以及应该如何在步骤485期间利用该反馈来更新简档500、600。根据显示的反馈,电视节目推荐器300可以判断是否调整显式或隐式观众简档500、600(或二者)中所包含的信息以及调整的量。
正如以下结合图8和图9的进一步讨论,可以在检测到适当的反馈触发条件立即请求步骤480期间所请求的反馈,或者反馈请求可以被记录在反馈请求列表350中(图3),以便后续处理,从而最大限度地减少请求的武断性或最大限度地提高所获得的反馈信息的质量(或二者兼有)。
在下述情况下,本发明的简档影响规则700可以请求反馈来更新简档500、600:例如,如果(i)收看行为与简档中记录的信息或与生成的节目推荐计分不一致;(ii)隐式或显式节目推荐器生成中性推荐计分(既非正,也非负的推荐);(iii)隐式或显式节目推荐器生成冲突的推荐计分;或者(iv)上述情况的任何组合。例如,在下述情况下,收看行为可与简档信息或生成的节目推荐计分不一致:例如如果(i)观看的节目具有与简档500、600不匹配的特征;观看被指定为低节目推荐计分的节目;或者(iii)节目得到高节目推荐计分,但不被观看,却观看得到较低节目推荐计分的一个或多个节目。
如图4所示,一旦建立了简档影响规则700,简档影响规则就可以在步骤475期间实时地(或脱机地)与生成的推荐计分和/或收看行为以及其他因素进行比较,以便自动确定一个或多个简档影响规则700的适用范围。每个简档影响规则700可以包括指定应该启用简档影响规则的情况的预定义标准,以及可选的定义应该请求以便影响简档的适当信息的反馈请求命令。
在本文描述的说明性实施例中,反馈请求命令请求用户对以下情况的节目进行评分:(i)看上去与简档500、600中的信息或指定的节目推荐计分不一致的正在观看(或未观看)的节目,或者(ii)隐式和/或显式节目推荐器指定了中性或冲突的推荐计分的节目。反馈请求可以选择性地表示指定给节目的节目推荐计分并标识对节目推荐计分起重要作用的一个或多个节目特征(例如,前N个决定性节目特征)。
响应反馈请求而收到的用户提供的节目评分可以为,例如表示用户喜欢或不喜欢该节目的程度的计分。用户提供的节目评分可以用于以众所周知的方式更新隐式简档600,就象用户已观看过该节目一样。此外,如果用户提供的节目评分满足预定义标准,如超过最小阈值,则节目本身可以被添加到显式简档500中。换言之,可以将一个条目以{如果标题=“节目_名称”,则指定计分=用户提供的节目评分}的形式添加到显式简档500中。在另一变型中,用户可以选择更新显式简档500中触发反馈请求的任一冲突信息。
这样,如图3所示,电视节目推荐器300包括反馈请求列表350,它可以是例如,包含由电视节目推荐器300进行累加的反馈请求列表的日志文件。此外,电视节目推荐器300还包括将在下面分别结合图5和图6进行讨论的显式观众简档500、隐式观众简档600,以及将在下面结合图7进行讨论的包含简档影响规则的简档影响规则数据库700。
此外,将在下面分别结合图8和9对选择性简档更新过程800和反馈控制过程900进行讨论。一般来说,选择性简档更新过程800将简档影响规则700与例如生成的推荐计分和/或收看行为进行比较,并在触发给定简档影响规则700时利用适当的反馈请求扩充反馈请求列表。反馈控制过程900协调在给定反馈会话期间从反馈请求列表350呈现给用户的反馈请求的时间和范围,以便最大限度地减少请求的武断性或最大限度地提高所获得的反馈信息的质量(或二者兼有)。
电视节目推荐器300可以被实现为任何计算装置,如个人计算机或工作站,所述计算装置包括诸如中央处理单元(CPU)的处理器315以及诸如RAM和ROM的存储器320。另外,电视节目推荐器300可被实施为任何现有的电视节目推荐器,例如可从加利福尼亚州Sunnyvale的Tivo公司买到的TivoTM系统,或者在1999年12月17日提交的题为“利用决策树推荐电视节目的方法和装置”(代理人档案号No.700772)的美国专利申请序号No.09/466406和2000年2月4日提交的题为“贝叶斯电视节目推荐器”(代理人档案号No.700690)的美国专利申请序号No.09/498271和2000年7月27日提交的题为“三维媒体推荐方法和系统”(代理人档案号No.700913)的美国专利申请序列号09/627139中所描述的电视节目推荐器,或者是它们的任何组合,这些推荐器在这里进行了修改,以实现本发明的特性和功能。
图5是说明例示显式观众简档500的表。如图5所示,显式观众简档500包含多个记录505-513,各记录与不同的节目特征相关。另外,对于在栏540中陈述的各个特征,观众简档500提供了在列550给出数值表示,它们表示对应特征中观众相对感兴趣的程度。如下面的讨论,在图5给出的说明性显式观众简档500中,采用1(“厌恶”)和7(“热爱”)之间的数值标度。例如,图5中给出的显式观众简档500具有表示用户特别欣赏体育频道的节目以及下午晚些时候的节目的数值表示。
在例示实施例中,显式观众简档500中的数值表示包括强烈程度的标度,如:
数字 说明
1 厌恶
2 不喜欢
3 中等否定
4 中性
5 中等肯定
6 喜欢
7 热爱
图6是说明对应于上述显式观众简档600相同的观众的例示隐式观众简档的表。如图6所示,隐式观众简档600包含多个记录605-613,各记录与不同的节目特征相关。另外,对于在栏640中陈述的各个特征,隐式观众简档600以已知的方式相应地在字段645中提供了正计数以及在字段650中提供了负计数。它们分别表示观众观看过和未观看过具有各个特征的节目的次数。对于各个正的和负的节目实例(即观看过和未观看的节目),在用户简档600中对许多节目特征进行了分类。例如,如果给定观众在下午晚些时候通过频道2观看过给定体育节目10次,则隐式观众简档600中与这些特征相关的正计数将增加10,而负计数将为0(零)。因为隐式收看简档500基于用户的收看历史,所以简档500中包含的数据随收看历史的增加而随时间不断修订。
图7说明简档影响规则数据库700的例示表,在启用简档影响规则的预定义标准被满足的情况下,简档影响规则数据库700记录各个动态获得用户反馈和调整简档500、600的简档影响规则。每个简档影响规则700可包括指定应该启用简档影响规则的情况的预定义标准,以及可选的定义应该请求以便影响简档的适当反馈的反馈请求命令。在说明性实施例中,缺省反馈请求询问用户对下述情况的节目进行评分:(i)看上去与简档500、600中的信息或指定的节目推荐计分不一致的正在观看(或未观看)的节目,或者(ii)隐式和/或显式节目推荐器指定中性或冲突的推荐计分的节目。反馈请求可以选择性地表示指定给节目的节目推荐计分并标识对节目推荐计分起决定作用的一个或多个节目特征(例如,前N个决定性节目特征)。
如图7所示,例示简档影响规则数据库700维护多个记录,如记录705-709,它们各与不同的简档影响规则相关。对于各简档影响规则,简档影响规则数据库700在字段750中标识规则标准。在简档影响规则数据库700中的另一变型中,可以包括一个附加字段(未显示)来记录给定满足的规则应该实施的对应反馈请求。
图8是描述实施本发明原理的选择性简档更新过程800的流程图。如上所述,电视节目推荐器300执行选择性简档更新过程800,以监视收看行为和生成的推荐计分,并确定与任一简档影响规则相关的预定义标准是否被满足。如上所述,每个简档影响规则可包括(i)指定应该启用该简档影响规则的情况的预定义标准;以及(ii)定义为影响简档应该实施的适当响应的简档反馈请求命令。反馈请求命令可以是从用户获取反馈的询问(又可被用于调整简档500、600中的信息),或者可以是对简档500、600中的信息的适当调整。这样,一旦给定简档影响规则的预定义标准被满足,则选择性简档更新过程800将执行对应的简档反馈请求命令,从而以期望的方式影响简档。
因此,如图8所示,选择性简档更新过程800最初在步骤805期间将简档影响规则存储在简档影响规则数据库700中。如上所述,简档影响规则能够在预定义标准发生时自动从用户请求反馈。
此外,选择性简档更新过程800在步骤810期间接收收看行为和/或生成的推荐计分。此后,选择性简档更新过程800在步骤815期间将收到的收看行为和/或生成的推荐计分数据与记录在简档影响规则数据库700中的简档影响规则标准进行比较。要注意的是,步骤815期间执行的比较可以定期执行、连续执行或以不规则间隔时间执行。
在步骤820期间执行测试,以判定至少一个简档影响规则的预定义标准是否被满足。如果步骤820期间判断至少一个简档影响规则的预定义标准未被满足,则节目控制返回到步骤815,以继续以上述方式评估所接收的收看行为和/或生成的推荐计分数据。
但是,如果在步骤820期间判断至少一个简档影响规则的预定义标准被满足,则在步骤825期间在反馈请求列表350中创建一个包含相应反馈请求的条目。正如下面结合图9所进行的讨论,可以对给定反馈会话期间从反馈请求列表350向用户呈现反馈请求的频率和向用户呈现反馈请求的数量进行控制来以便最大限度地减少请求的武断性或最大限度地提高所获得的反馈信息的质量(或二者兼有)。
例如,在说明性实施例中,缺省反馈请求命令询问用户,以对下述情况的节目进行评分:(i)看上去与简档500、600中的信息或指定的节目推荐计分不一致的正在观看(或未观看)的节目,或者(ii)隐式和/或显式节目推荐器指定中性或冲突的推荐计分的节目。反馈请求可以选择性地表示指定给节目的节目推荐计分并标识对节目推荐计分起决定作用的一个或多个节目特征(例如,前N个决定性节目特征)。反馈请求的时间和范围
如上所述,可以对给定反馈会话期间从反馈请求列表350向用户呈现反馈请求的频率和向用户呈现反馈请求的数量进行控制来以便最大限度地减少请求的武断性或最大限度地提高所获得的反馈信息的质量(或二者兼有)。
图9是说明例示反馈控制过程900的流程图,反馈控制过程900协调在给定反馈会话期间从反馈请求列表350呈现给用户的反馈请求的时间和范围,以便最大限度地减少请求的武断性或最大限度地提高所获得的反馈信息的质量(或二者兼有)。此外,反馈控制过程900还可以通过从用户对各个反馈会话的反应进行学习来改进其现有知识。正如下面讨论的,反馈控制过程900可以根据情景定义参数来使用控制反馈请求的时间和范围的许多规则。
规则和相关的情景定义参数可指定例如(i)应该或不应该请求反馈的特定时间和日期;(ii)给定反馈请求会话期间要呈现的反馈请求的数量;(iii)各反馈请求会话的持续时间;以及(iv)应该分隔任何两个反馈请求会话的最小时间(即,中断时间周期)。要注意的是,反馈收集规则中的时间和日期可以用绝对值或相对于当前或未来时间或事件的值的形式来指定,如下次用户打开设备时。
如下面将进一步讨论的,反馈收集规则和/或相关情景定义参数可以例如由用户使用菜单驱动的界面或人机交互作用的专门人员来指定。再者,反馈收集规则和/或相关情景定义参数可以按照如下讨论的以预定义或动态方式确定。一般来说,反馈收集规则和相关情景定义参数应该通过使交互作用最大限度地容许人的参与和尽可能地随时间得到高质量反馈信息的研究来获取。
此外,电视节目推荐器300还可以例如根据用户测试研究用情景定义变量的缺省值来启动,它可以响应于用户对反馈收集过程的反应来随时间而修改。
如图9所示,反馈控制过程900首先在步骤910期间判定反馈请求列表350中当前是否有任何要处理的反馈请求。如果步骤310期间判断反馈请求列表350中当前没有反馈请求,则程序控制终止。但是,如果步骤310期间判断反馈请求列表350中当前有反馈请求,则反馈控制过程900在步骤920期间计算启动各个反馈请求的时间。
例如,计算的时间一般可以根据与简档500、600相关的用户的存在来调整。可以利用如众所周知的情景意识法来判断用户的存在,例如摄像机或热传感器、或者当用户在场时设备导通的推理。
此外,在步骤930期间,确定各个反馈请求会话中要包括的请求数量。如果会话中所包括的请求数量超过反馈请求列表350中的请求数量,这些数量可随时间而变,则在步骤940期间对反馈请求排列优先次序。
步骤950期间执行测试,以判断是否到了开始反馈请求会话的时间。如果步骤950期间判断未到启动反馈请求会话的时间,则程序控制返回到步骤950,直到所指示的时间为止。
但是,如果步骤950期间判断到了启动反馈请求会话的时间,则在步骤960期间启动反馈请求。在步骤970期间收集诸如表示在例如有其他人在房间时或者用户在打电话时不征询用户的反馈的标志的请求反馈和其他情景定义变量。
最后,在步骤980期间用新的情景定义变量更新反馈管理规则,并在步骤990期间用获得的反馈更新适当的用户简档500、600。要注意的是,更新适当的用户简档500、600,可以根据诸如2000年7月27日提交的题为“三维媒体推荐方法和系统”(代理人档案号700913)的美国专利申请序列号09/627139中所描述的技术,该技术已转让给本发明的受让人,并通过引用结合到本文中。
如之前所述,反馈控制过程900用来确定反馈请求的时间和范围的情景定义变量可以预定义或动态方式确定。在一种实现中,电视节目推荐器300可以用缺省值或用户指定值启动,缺省值或用户定义的值表示反馈请求会话应该计划的频繁程度和每个反馈请求会话期间用户愿意处理的反馈请求的数量。
此后,电视节目推荐器300可以采用反复试验过程来改进这些初始值。为此,情景定义参数可以被考虑为需要学习的具有某种概率分布的随机变量,或者可以考虑为具有置信加权的模糊函数。
例如,为了确定在反馈会话期间提供显示次数,缺省位置可以将此值作为正态分布的随机变量,其平均值为10,范围为+/-5。在每个反馈请求会话期间,从这个分布中选择一个随机数,并将该反馈请求的数量呈现给用户。此后,用户可以通过如下三种方式之一终止反馈请求会话:(i)响应所有反馈请求然后停止;(ii)响应所有请求之前终止该会话(包括拒绝响应任何请求);或者(iii)完成所有反馈请求,然后请求其它反馈请求。无论结果如何,都会累计用户确定的随机变量的观察值。随时间推移,电视节目推荐器300利用这些累计值来计算更准确地反映特定用户的容许度的新概率分布。
可通过收集其它反映观察值被收集时的情景的特征的变量来进一步强化这些收集的观察。例如,可记录日期和时间。这将允许将显示次数建立为多元分布的模型。采用本方法的系统可能了解到,例如在一周的那几天和/或某个时间段用户愿意多响应一些反馈请求。同样地,如果也记录收看的节目的类别,则系统可能了解到,较之播放新闻的时间,用户更愿意在播放连续剧的时间响应多些的反馈请求。系统还可记录节目标题,这样可以了解到该用户通常愿意在给定节目结尾时提供反馈信息,而不是在开始时以及一般也不愿意在其他节目进行时提供反馈信息。
鉴于管理反馈请求的时间的参数,可以运用同样的方法。如果采用分段广播的技术,诸如在例如2000年3月21日提交的题为“多媒体输出装置的自动内容增强的系统和方法”的美国专利应用序列号09/532845中描述的那些技术,该专利已转让给本发明的受让人,这里通过引用结合到本文中,则系统可以了解到,如果在节目自己广播期间提供反馈请求的话,则被接受的可能性更大。
应该理解,本文所示和说明的实施例和变型仅是对本发明的原理进行说明,本领域的技术人员可以实施各种修改,并不背离本发明的范围和精神。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于更新用户简档(500、600)的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
获取表示用户偏好的所述用户简档(500、600);
将所述偏好与所述用户作出的项目选择进行比较;
如果所述选择与所述偏好不一致,则从所述用户请求反馈信息;以及
用所述反馈信息更新所述用户简档(500、600)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述请求反馈的步骤还包括将所述反馈放在日志文件中以及在稍后将所述反馈请求呈现给所述用户的步骤。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:在所述呈现所述反馈请求期间,在给定会话中根据用户指定参数呈现所述反馈请求。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述反馈请求所述用户对看上去与所述用户简档(500、600)中的信息不一致的所选内容项目进行评分。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述反馈请求所述用户对看上去与所述用户简档(500、600)中的信息不一致的未选内容项目进行评分。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述反馈请求所述用户对被两个推荐器指定了不一致的推荐计分的内容项目进行评分。
7.一种用于更新用户简档(500、600)的系统,所述系统包括:
存储器(320),用于存储计算机可读代码和所述用户简档(500、600);以及
处理器(315),在操作上连接到所述存储器(320),所述处理器(315)被配置为:
获取表示用户偏好的所述用户简档(500、600);
将所述偏好与所述用户作出的项目选择进行比较;
如果所述选择与所述偏好不一致,则从所述用户请求反馈信息;以及
使用所述反馈信息更新所述用户简档(500、600)。
8.一种用于更新用户简档(500、600)的计算机程序产品,它包括含有如下步骤的计算机可读代码:
获取表示用户偏好的所述用户简档(500、600)的步骤;
将所述偏好与所述用户作出的项目选择进行比较的步骤;
如果所述选择与所述偏好不一致,则从所述用户请求反馈信息的步骤;以及
用所述反馈信息更新所述用户简档(500、600)的步骤。
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EP1346569A2 (en) 2003-09-24
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