CN1435050A - 广播节目记录超时和欠时排程系统 - Google Patents
广播节目记录超时和欠时排程系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种广播节目记录超时和欠时排程系统,提供一种用于对具有预定开始和结束播放时间的广播节目记录日程的开始和结束时间进行调节的系统。通过监视器或电视机向观众显示屏幕上的节目指南,并列出多个广播节目的预先排定播放时间和频道。观众使用遥控器从节目指南选择要记录的特定广播节目。本发明通过把诸如节目识别符、开始和结束时间以及存储持续期之类的节目信息插入记录日程数据库而对要记录的广播节目排程。本发明允许观众通过指定对特定节目或节目系列的开始和/或结束记录时间加或减的时间增量而调节广播节目的排定的开始和/或结束记录时间。本发明针对观众的修改而调节记录日程。当记录日程指示是进行记录的时间时,把广播节目记录到持久存储器装置中。在正在记录节目的同时,允许观众调节节目的结束时间。观众可以随机地访问持久存储器装置中的记录节目以供回放。
Description
发明背景
技术领域
本发明涉及在计算机环境中存储和观看电视节目材料,更具体地,本发明涉及调节电视节目记录的编排计划以适应计算机环境中的编排计划变化。
现有技术的描述
视频盒式录象机(VCR)有能力把视频节目材料记录到视频录象带上。一般的VCR限制观众人工地设置记录开始时间和结束时间。这些时间帧是固定的,而且不可以改变,除非观众编辑或删除计划。
诸如Gemstar开发公司的VCR Plus允许观众通过把代码号输入VCR而对电视节目进行记录。通过代码号的规定,VCR自动地设置它自己对特定频道以及开始和结束时间进行记录。从印在报纸或期刊上的电视节目指南得到代码号。
VCR Plus方法具有和人工记录一样的缺点。记录周期的开始和结束时间是固定的。人工和VCR Plus方法没有考虑这样的事实,即,电视台不总是准时的,经常提早或推迟它们计划的节目。
数字视频记录机(DVR)的引入已经发生了电视录象业的革命。DVR把节目材料存储在易于访问的、可再使用的存储媒体中,而且记录不象视频录像带那样会随时间而质量变差。
当代DVR允许观众从屏幕上的电视节目指南选择他想记录的节目。用户简单地突出节目名称并在他的遥控器上按下一个按钮。DVR按计划的时间和持续期编排节目的记录。
这个方法还具有未考虑节目计划变化的缺点。诸如足球和垒球之类的体育比赛会超时,而观众不能够考虑额外的时间而调节节目的记录。
提供广播节目记录超时和欠时排程系统是有利的,该系统允许用户对于特定节目的预计排定记录日程的开始和结束时间加和/或减指定的时间量。进一步的优点是提供一种广播节目记录超时和欠时排程系统,该系统调度在存储媒体上的节目数据的记录。
发明概要
本发明提供一种广播节目记录超时和欠时排程系统。系统允许用户从特定节目的预置记录日程的开始时间和结束时间加和/或减指定的时间增量。此外,本发明提供一种对存储媒体上的节目数据的记录进行排程的系统。
申请人所拥有的以申请号09/126,071为代表的用户装置提供一般与当代数字视频记录机(DVR)相关联的的功能,诸如大量视频内容的存储、按要求选择和再现这个内容的能力、以及内容传递的全部“类VCR”控制。
本发明提供一种用于调节具有预定的开始和结束播放时间的广播节目的记录计划的开始和结束时间的系统。通过监视器或电视机在屏幕上向观众显示节目指南。节目指南列出多个广播节目的预定的计划播放时间和频道。
观众使用遥控输入装置从节目指南选择要记录的特定广播节目。本发明通过把诸如节目识别符、开始和结束时间、以及存储持续期之类的节目信息插入记录日程数据库而对要记录的广播节目排程。
本发明允许观众调节广播节目所计划的开始和/或结束记录时间。观众指定从特定节目或系列节目的开始和/或结束记录时间加或减的时间增量。本发明按观众的修改调节记录计划。
当记录计划表示是开始记录的时间时,把广播节目记录到持久存储器器件中。在正在对节目进行记录的同时,允许观众调节节目的记录结束时间。
观众可以随机地访问记录在持久存储器器件上的节目,以供再现。
从下面结合附图的详细描述中,对本发明的其它方面和优点将更为明了,通过例子说明本发明的原理。
附图简述
图1是根据本发明的分布式电视观看管理系统的较佳实施例的方框示意图;
图2是根据本发明在用于节目访问的计算机存储器中的观看对象的方框示意图;
图3是方框示意图,示出在用于根据本发明的节目访问的计算机存储器中如何构成观看对象的模式;
图4是方框示意图,示出根据本发明描述有关节目信息的观看对象之间的关系的示例图;
图5是方框示意图,示出根据本发明当处理观众的偏好以确定感兴趣节目时所产生的关系的示例图;
图6是方框示意图,示出根据本发明的用于进行记录的输入和存储空间的编排;
图7是流程图,示出根据本发明的使用在图6中描绘的机构来编排记录所采取的步骤;
图8是本发明的较佳实施例的方框示意图,示出根据本发明的引导程序系统配置;
图9a是根据本发明的引导程序部件的判定流程图的方框示意图;
图9b是根据本发明的引导程序部件的判定流程图的方框示意图;
图10是用于根据本发明的软件安装步骤的判定流程图的方框示意图;
图11是根据本发明的电子广播节目指南的屏幕取景器的图;
图12是根据本发明的遥控输入装置的示意图;
图13是根据本发明的记录选项访问屏幕的屏幕取景器的图;
图14是根据本发明的记录选项用户接口屏幕的屏幕取景器的图;
图15是根据本发明的季度播放节目记录选择用户接口屏幕的屏幕取景器的图;
图16是根据本发明的记录冲突屏幕的屏幕取景器的图;以及
图17是根据本发明的较佳实施例的高级任务视点的方框示意图。
本发明的详细描述
本发明体现在计算机环境中的广播节目记录超时和欠时排程系统中。根据本发明的系统允许用户从特定节目的预计排定记录日程的开始和结束时间加和/或减指定的时间增量。此外,本发明提供一种对在存储媒体上的节目材料记录进行编排的系统。
本发明提供一种用于对具有预定的开始和结束播放时间的广播节目的记录计划的开始和结束时间进行调节的系统。电子节目指南列出特定地理区域可得到的全部电视广播节目的预定计划的播放时间和频道。在许多情况中,实际广播电视节目的时间与预定计划有差异。本发明允许观众按实际情况调节计划的节目记录时间。
电视观看信息的数据库
图1给出本发明的示意概观。本发明的中心是一种用于在中央站100和极大量用户计算系统101处的计算机系统中保持电视观看信息的分布式数据库的方法和设备。把“片段”102称为对数据库的中央拷贝的合适子集进行录取的过程,把将所产生的“片段”传递给用户称为“发送”103,把将有关或代表观众收集的信息传递到中央站称为“收集”104,而把处理所收集的信息以产生新的电视观看对象或报告称为“分析”107,在所有情况中,把从另一个情况中的一个数据库再产生对象的动作称为“复制”105。把待发送或收集的数据项称为“对象”106,而中央数据库和包含在用户装置中的中央数据库的每个复制子集是“基于对象的”数据库。通常把这个数据库中的对象称为“电视观看对象”、“观看对象”或简称为“对象”,以突出它们的预定用途。然而,熟悉本技术领域的人员会容易地理解,对象可以是任何类型的数据。
观看对象数据库对它所包含的对象提供一致的软件访问抽象模型,独立于或平行于这里描述的复制活动。通过使用这个接口,应用程序可以建立、消除、读出、写入或其他方式操纵在数据库中的对象,而无需关心潜在活动以及保证数据库中的对象的一致和可靠的观看,并且始终保持它们之间的关系。
基本电视观看对象原理
参考图2,把电视观看对象构成为“属性”200的集合。每个属性具有类型201(例如,整数、字符串或布尔之类)以及值202。从数据库支持的基本类型的固定库取得所有的属性类型。
对象的属性分成两组:“基本”属性,它们是通过观看对象的建立者或保持者提供的;以及“派生”属性,它们是通过数据库中的机构自动地建立和保持的。基本属性描述对象本身的特性;派生属性描述对象之间的关系。在数据库之间复制基本属性,而派生属性不是这样。
相应于图3,图中有一小组本发明定义的基本对象类型;把每个对象类型表示为有关属性300的特定的组,这里称之为“模式”。模式定义每个属性类型301的模板,它包括类型302和属性的名称303。通过分配对象的资源和把值赋予模式定义的属性而建立实际的电视观看对象。例如,“节目”模式可能包括诸如节目中的制片人、导演或演员、屏幕上的图标、节目内容的多行说明、节目的编辑收视率等之类的属性。通过分配用于物理节目对象的存储以及用相关数据填充在属性中而建立物理节目对象。
存在一个称为模式类型的,对于所有数据库预先定义的特定对象类型。通过模式对象表示数据库支持的每个模式。这允许应用程序在数据库上执行“自省”,即,动态地发现支持哪种对象类型以及它们的模式。这最大地简化了应用程序软件,并避免在改变、添加或删除模式时需要改变应用程序软件。在本发明的方法下,与所有其它观看对象一样地处理模式对象。
再参考图2,向在数据库中的每个对象赋予在数据库中必须是唯一的“对象ID(识别符)”203。这个对象ID可以采取多种形式,只要每个对象ID是唯一的。较佳实施例使用32位整数作为对象ID,它在处理速度和所允许的唯一对象的数目之间提供有用的折衷。每个对象还包括“参考计数”204,它是一个整数,给出在与当前对象有关的数据库中的其它对象的数目。具有参考计数为零的对象将不继续存在于数据库中(见下面)。
观看对象的一种特定类型是“目录”对象。目录对象保持对象ID的清单以及与对象相关联的简单名称。目录对象可以包括其它目录对象作为清单的一部分,并且存在被称为“根”目录的单个可区分的对象。把从根目录处开始和继续进行直到找到感兴趣的对象的目录对象的序列称为对象的“路径”;因此,路径表示在数据库中存在的所有目录对象中建立的分层名称空间中的特定位置。对象可能与多个路径有关,这意味着一个对象可以有许多名称。使在观看对象上的参考计数对于与它有关的每个目录递增一。
保持数据库一致性和准确性的方法
本发明的较佳实施例的特征之一是保证在所有时刻都使每个数据库复制品保持内部一致性,并且这种一致性是自动地保持而无需参考其它数据库或需要连接到中央站。不保证按适时的方式发生发送操作或收集操作,或具有任何有保证的周期性。例如,可以把用户系统关断多个月;当最终可以发送到该系统时,即使不可能发送所需要的所有对象使中央数据库和用户数据库进入完全的同步,对象的复制也必须始终在服务器数据库的一致的子集中产生。
甚至更严重,在数据库的使用中或正在更新时可能不保证稳定的操作环境。例如,可能关掉至装置的电源。本发明把所有的数据库更新都作为“交易”来处理,意味着将完成整个交易,或没有交易会完成。把所选择的特定技术称为“两阶段委托”,其中,检查和记录交易的所有单元,接着执行实际的更新。熟悉本技术领域的人员会理解,把交易分阶段成为单独记录的标准的日志技术和当发生故障时使用记录以重复正在进行的部分更新的滚动传递技术相结合,对于本目的是足够的了。
每个对象的一个需要的派生属性是“版本”,它随对象的每个变化而改变;可以把版本属性表示为单调增加整数或建立版本的单调次序的其它表示。可以复制的每个对象的模式包括被称为“源版本”的属性,它表示复制这一个对象所根据的对象的版本。
观看对象的发送并不保证每个用户都接收到该对象。例如,当正在广播对象时,诸如太阳黑子之类的外部因素可能使发送序列的一部分毁坏。可以继续再发送观看对象以克服这些问题,意味着可以存在相同对象的多次复制。每次接收到待复制的对象就简单地更新数据库对象是不合适的,因为虽然实际上未发生变化,但是将使版本号递增。此外,如果不必需,则希望避免启动交易来更新对象;在交易期间,消耗了大量的系统资源。
结合两种方法以解决这个问题。第一,大多数对象将具有称之为“截止期”的基本属性。这是一个日期,过了该时间,对象就不再有效而应该被废弃。当接收到新对象时,检查截止期时间,如果截止期已到,则废弃该对象。在某些方式中,截止期处理延迟发送的对象,但是它不处理相同的不截止对象的多个接收。
源版本属性处理这个问题。当发送观看对象时,从源对象的当前版本属性复制这个属性。当接收到观看对象时,把所接收对象的源版本与当前对象的源版本进行比较。如果新对象具有较高的源版本属性,则把它复制在现有对象上,否则,废弃它。
假定把比感兴趣的观看对象数目更多的观看对象发送到任何特定用户系统。例如,连接到其它有线系统上的用户对于描述特定有线系统上的频道的“频道”观看对象是不感兴趣的。因为捕获和添加新对象到数据库的额外开销,所以接收在还有上述那些的其它属性上进行滤波的对象是有利的。本发明根据对象类型和属性值通过使用滤波处理而实现这个。在一个实施中,这个滤波处理是根据运行某种种类的可执行代码的,可能作为命令的序列,该命令是已经用各种对象类型的特定知识和应该如何对它们进行滤波而写出的。
在本发明的较佳实施例中,对每个对象类型定义“滤波器”对象,除了数据库,它表示需要什么属性,是否应该出现,或使它可接受的属性值的范围。熟悉本技术领域的人员会容易地理解,这个滤波器对象可以包括某些形式的可执行代码,可能作为可执行命令的序列。这些命令将检查和比较正在滤波的对象的属性和属性值,导致指示该对象是否应该成为进一步处理的主题。
很少有独立于其它对象的观看对象。例如,“显示”对象(描述在特定频道上的特定时间)与“节目”对象(描述特定的TV(电视)节目)有关。保持一致性的一个重要方面是在试图添加新的观看对象之前保证已经存在于数据库中的或待添加的所有不独立的对象作为单个交易的一部分。这是通过使用称之为“相依性”属性的新的观看对象的基本属性而实现的,所述相依性属性简单地列出新对象所相关的对象ID和对象的源版本。清楚地,对象的新版本必须是兼容的,在这种意义上,定义新版本的模式是相同的或具有原始模式的属性的严格的超集。
当接收到新观看对象时,首先检查数据库,看是否存在对象的所有相依性,如果存在的话,则把对象添加到数据库。否则,使新对象“分阶段”,把它存储在保存区域中直到对所有相依性对象也都分阶段。清楚地,为了把观看对象的新集添加到数据库中,根据对象ID和源版本两者,在分阶段区域中的对象和已经存在于数据库中的对象之间必须有接近的相依性图形。一旦达到接近,意味着所有相依性对象都存在,就在单个原子交易中把新对象添加到数据库中。
电视观看对象的定名和寻找
上面已经描述目录对象。参考图4,把目录对象的收集以及引导图形称为“名称空间”,所述引导图形是通过在根路径400处开始,并计算到观看对象的所有可能路径而形成的。为了无需知道特定对象ID而找到对象,在这个名称空间中的一个或多个路径必须与它相关。例如,应用程序软件对对象ID的兴趣不大,而以软件通过路径与对象相关来代替,例如,“/tvschedule//today”(“/电视日程/今天”)。在这个例子中,相关的实际对象可能每天改变,而无需要求改变系统中的任何部分。
可以建立到对象的路径的一种方法是指定在对象上的“路径名称”基本属性。把对象添加到数据库中,并且建立描述路径部分的目录对象,或更新而添加对象。一般,只在调试复制机构时使用这种定名。不鼓励设置明确的路径,因为在每个用户系统上复制的中央数据库的各部分将是不同的,导致在数据库的所有复制品中间管理路径名称是极困难的。
把对象添加到数据库名称空间的较佳方法称为“索引”。在本发明的较佳实施例中,对于每个对象类型定义“索引器”对象,它表示当把它索引到数据库名称空间时要使用何种属性。熟悉本技术领域的人员会容易地理解,这个索引器对象可以包括某种形式的可执行代码,可能作为可执行命令的序列。这些命令可以检查和比较正在索引的对象的属性和属性值,导致向对象指示应该位于名称空间中的何处。
索引器根据对象类型检索附加到对象的特定属性集。当发现这种属性时,索引器根据通过数据库中的目录图形表示的分层名称空间中的属性值自动地添加对象的名称。再参考图4,程序对象401既可以具有“actor(演员)”属性,具有值“John Wayne”,又可以具有“director(导演)”属性,具有值“John Ford”。根目录可以表示两个子目录,“byactor(由演员)”402和“bydirector(由导演)”403。然后索引器把路径“/byactor/John Wayne”和“/bydirector/John Ford”添加到数据库,它们两者都与相同的对象401有关。
对于列出与这个对象404相关的目录对象的每个对象,保持派生属性。当索引器把路径添加到这个对象的名称空间时,它把在路径中的最终目录ID添加到这个清单中。这保证对象图形的结束—一旦已经找到对象,也找到了数据库中对于该对象的所有参考,不管它们是路径还是相依性。
向数据库添加对象的这一独特和新颖方法具有明显优于标准方法的优点。在作添加时,索引器将对象分类添加到数据库中。因此,对与特定路径相关对象的检索是从有序的清单中的作一系列选择,熟悉本技术的人员能够有效地实现这。
从数据库删除对象
在保持一致性和准确性中,在把对象添加到数据库的规则是重要的同时,把对象从数据库除去的规则也是重要的。例如,如果不存在除去对象的固定规则,则当废弃对象积累时,数据库可能随时间而无约束地增长。
从数据库删除对象的基本规则是根据参考计数的;立刻删除参考计数跌落到零的对象。例如,这意味着必须通过目录或某些其它对象表示一个对象而保持在数据库中。把这个规则应用于根据正在删除的对象在闭合相依性图形中的所有对象。因此,如果删除表示其它对象(诸如目录)的一个对象,则使与所有对象有关的参考计数递减,并且在零计数上相似地删除这些对象,等等。
还有称之为“收割机”的一种自动化过程,它从数据库删除对象。收割机周期性地检查数据库中的所有对象,并根据对象类型进一步检查各种属性和属性值,以判定是否应该把对象保留在数据库中。例如,截止期属性可以表示对象不再有效,而收割机将删除该对象。
在使用与上述滤波和检索方法相似的(或可能是等同的)一种方法的较佳实施例中,收割机可以代替访问与当前对象的对象类型相关联的收割机对象,它可以包括各种种类的可执行代码,可能是可执行命令的序列。这个代码检查当前对象的属性和属性值,并判定是否应该删除对象。
个别地删除参考计数已经降低到零的每个对象的额外开销可能十分高,因为每一个如此的删除都产生与数据库的交易。限制影响收割对象的性能,致使按最大速度进行前台操作是有利的。在较佳实施例中,这是使用根据公共垃圾回收方法的一种技术而实现的。
例如,收割机以不执行其它动作来代替删除参考计数已经降低到零的对象。被称为垃圾回收站的后台任务检查在数据库中的每个对象。如果对象具有为零的参考计数,则把它添加到待删除的对象清单中。在一个实施例中,一旦垃圾回收站已经检查了整个数据库,它将在单个交易中删除所有如此的对象。熟悉本技术领域的人员会理解,这个方法也可能导致相当大的性能损失,因为当正在删除对象时,可能要延迟到数据库的其它访问。此外,如果要恰当地删除所有的对象,则当垃圾回收站活动时,可能要延迟到数据库的一些改变,甚至导致更坏的性能。
在较佳实施例中,垃圾回收站在一系列传送中检查数据库。一旦已经回收特定数目的对象,就在单个交易中删除它们。继续所述过程直到已经检查所有对象。这个技术不保证在检查过程期间回收所有的垃圾对象,因为平行的活动可能放弃了以前检查的对象。然而,垃圾回收站的下一次运行会找到这些对象。在每个传送中删除的对象数目是可调节的,以得到其它的数据库活动的可接受的性能。
在分布式电视观看对象数据库上的操作
保持分布式观看对象数据库的考虑
在分布式数据库实例中,电视观看对象的复制必定会要求经过不可靠的和不安全的分配信道发送对象。
例如,如果经过诸如在无线电或电视发送中的广播机构发送对象,有可能不保证正确和完整地发送数据。诸如暴雨之类的气候可能导致发送中的信息丢失。其它干扰源可能是其它广播信号、笨重设备、家用电器等。
熟悉本技术领域的人员会容易地理解,存在管理经过不可靠信道发送数据的标准技术,包括重复发送、纠错码以及其它,可以把这些技术用于发送,在任何特定实例中可以使用这些技术中的任何一个或全部。
为了效率,把待复制的对象一起收集到这里称之为“片段”的分配分组中。片段是与特定域中的用户有关的电视观看对象数据库的子集,所述特定域诸如地理区域,或在卫星发射机的轨迹下的域。
这些片段的安全是十分重要的。使用片段把对象添加到数据库,使用所述数据库把有价值服务提供给数据库的用户,以及存储可能认为是专用的或秘密的信息。因为片段发送与广播有关的特性,所以当发送它们时,第三方可以容易地复制。这些问题的实际解决方案是在发送期间对片段进行加密。根据本发明中的技术的理想参考文本是1995年John Wiley&Sons出版,Bruce Schneier著的“Applied Cryptography:Protocols,Algotithms,and Source Code in C(应用密码学:协议、算法以及在C中的源代码)”。
在本发明的较佳实施例中,使用与在美国专利第4,405,829号中描述的技术相似的技术(通常描述为不对称密钥加密,或有时描述为公用/专用密钥对加密)来建立加密信道。熟悉本技术领域的专业人员会理解,根据不对称密钥加密的协议可以作为鉴别用户装置和安全分配信息的可靠的和有效的基础。一般,在用户和中央系统之间使用有符号消息的交换来提供鉴别。在鉴别阶段期间,通过使用短活动对称密钥发送对所有通信进行加密而提供安全分配。
成功的安全性要求发送者和接收者在事先同意待用于加密的不对称密钥对。在保护电子数据的任何密码学系统中,这种密钥分配是最弱的链路。在也属于本申请人所拥有的,1999年7月19日提出的,题为“自测试电子组件和测试系统”的申请第09/357,183号中描述一种机构,从而用户装置自动地产生不对称密钥对作为制造过程中的最终步骤。把因此而产生的专用密钥存储在嵌入用户装置中的安全微处理器中,致使从来不向外部装置提供该密钥。把因此而产生的专用密钥发送到本地制造系统,该系统把密钥与用户串号一起记录在安全数据库中。之后,把这个数据库安全地发送到中央分配系统,并使用它执行与用户的安全通信。
密钥产生的这种唯一和新颖应用解决了密钥分配问题,当从来不向用户中的外部部件提供专用密钥时,使用诸如逻辑分析仪之类的特别工具可以识别它。作为替代,可以只在安全微处理器本身中使用,以对原始用公开密钥加密的消息进行解密,然后把解密的结果提供给外部部件。
本讨论的其余部分假定鉴别在用户和中央系统之间的所有通信,并进行如上所述的加密。
发送观看对象到用户系统
再参考图1,在本发明的较佳实施例中,下列步骤构成使用片段从中央数据库“发送”电视观看对象:
1.可能有许多机制,用于把片段发送到用户观看装置的整体。例如,可以经过电话调制解调器或电缆调制解调器109直接下载片段,可以把它们调制到标准电视广播108的垂直消隐时间间隔(VBI)的行上,或添加到数字电视多路复用信号上作为专用数据信道。熟悉本技术领域的人员会容易地理解,可以使用能发送数字信息的任何机构来发送电视观看对象数据库的片段。
准备发送电视观看对象的第一步骤是识别这个特定实例要使用的发送机制,并产生为该机构定制的数据库子集的片段。例如,数据库可以包括与国内所有节目有关的电视观看对象。然而,如果在本地电视信号上使用VBI调制来发送电视观看对象,则应该仅使那些电视观看对象包括在有关的片段中,所述那些电视观看对象是与在携带它们所使用的电视广播的轨迹中可观察到的节目有关的。另一方面,如果某些电视观看对象包括与特定地理区域有关的宣传材料,则应该把这些对象发送到其它地理区域。
在本发明的较佳实施例中,在数据库上来回移动和产生用于发送的片段的速度和周期是可按任意方式调节的,以允许得到有用的成本/性能折衷。例如,可能只需要每隔一天,或每小时,产生对于某些发送方法的片段。
在准备每个片段中的最终步骤是使用短活动对称密钥对片段进行加密。只有已经使用安全协议鉴别的用户装置才可以复制这个对称密钥,使它们能够对片段进行解密,并访问片段中的电视观看对象。
2.一旦完成了片段,就把它复制到发送机构可以取得和发送数据的点110。对于电话连接,把片段放置在电话服务器111上,当每个用户呼叫时,所述电话服务器就把数据提供给每个用户。如果使用电视广播,则把片段复制到与台站电视发射机驻留在一起的设备上,从那里把它调制到信号上。在这些相似的,与广播有关的情况中,片段是“转盘式的”,即不断重复描述片段的数据直到提供用于发送的新片段。
需要这种片段的重复广播,因为有可能不能保证携带数据的信号可靠地到达每个用户处。可能关断用户装置,或可能接收信号有干扰。为了得到在所有用户装置处正确地接收所发送的片段的高的概率度,不断地再广播所发送的片段,直到可得到用于发送的更新的片段。
本发明的较佳实施例使用诸如电视信号之类的广播机构来发送片段。然而,希望经过基于连接的机构(诸如调制解调器或互联网连接)来提供下载。通常,使用基于连接的机构导致基于时间的使用费,使之希望使花费在发送片段上的时间最少。
这是使用两个步骤的过程来实现的。当建立连接时,用户系统把以前接收的片段清单发送到电话服务器111。服务器把这个清单与该用户应该处理的片段清单进行比较。把没有处理的片段发送到用户系统。
3.通过把经加密的片段断开成为一系列短的编号数据分组而发送片段。用户系统捕获这些分组,并保存在分层区域中,直到提供在序列中的所有分组。把分组再收集到片段中,然后进行解密。然后为了可应用性而对片段中的电视观看对象进行滤波,可能添加到本地电视观看对象数据库。这个过程把电视观看对象的中央数据库的一部分可靠地复制给用户。
本发明对接收到数据分组的时间保持跟踪。在周期基础上,从分层区域消除比所选择的时间周期较老的数据分组;在等待发送片段的所有部分的同时,这避免了消耗用于不明确周期的空间。
特别,当经过广播媒体发送对象时,在发送数据中可能发生各种差错。用差错检测代码(例如,奇偶性字段或CRC代码)标明每个数据分组。当检测到差错时,简单地废弃数据分组。最后,广播转盘将再发送数据分组,可能正确地接收所述数据分组。因此可以可靠地发送任何大小的片段,这是以用户上的对象分层接收部分的代价而得到的,直到正确地接收所有部分。
4.可能有一个或多个发送的“特殊”片段,把与业务有关的数据传递给用户系统,特别是业务核准信息。重要的是如果观众已经忘记支付他的帐单或为了其它操作原因,业务提供者能够控制用户系统访问额外费用业务。
特殊片段的一个特定类型包括“核准”对象。一般,根据与特定用户相关联的公开/专用密钥对,使用不对称密钥加密对核准对象进行加密。如果可以通过使用嵌入专用密钥的安全微处理器对片段成功地解密,则片段将包括一个对象,该对象表示在接收到其它核准对象之前允许的时间延迟,以及一个或多个对称密钥短时间周期的有效。使用延迟值使在数据库中的时间戳复位,表示用户系统何时将停止提供业务。把对称密钥存储在本地电视观看对象数据库中,在对可能接收到的新片段的解密中使用。
如果经过数据库中所设置的时间用户还未接收到正确的鉴别对象,则将开始否定对于观众的大多数业务(如业务提供者所指定)。在鉴别对象中还包括一个或多个限制寿命下载密钥,对发送片段的解密需要它们。清楚地,如果用户系统不能够鉴别它自己,则它将不能够对任何对象进行解密。
个别地产生和发送每个核准片段。如果对于片段使用广播发送,则对于所有其它片段同等地处理所有有关的核准,而且循所有其它数据轮回。如果使用直接发送,诸如通过电话连接,则只发送用于该用户的鉴别片段。
5.一旦用户装置已经接收到完整的数据库片段,则它使用以前描述的方法把包括在其中的新对象添加到数据库中。
从用户系统收集信息
再参考图1,在本发明的较佳实施例中,下列步骤构成从每个用户数据库的电视观看对象的“收集”。
1.当观众沿他可得到的电视频道操纵时,用户系统建立感兴趣的信息,诸如调谐到的频道,调谐时间、停留持续期、VCR状动作(例如,暂停、倒带),以及其它感兴趣的信息。把这个数据存储在本地电视观看对象中。
此外,观众可以表示对可得到的提供或宣传的兴趣,或他可以表示购买一种物品的要求。把这个信息也记录到本地电视观看对象中。
此外,用户装置的操作可以产生应该记录到电视观看对象中的重要数据。例如,当从用户中的硬盘驱动器读出时,可能产生差错,或装置的内部温度可能超过操作参数。对于正确下载对象、各种基于盘的操作的运行超出范围,或快速功率循环,其它相似类型的信息可能失效。
2.在某个确定的时刻(可能是即刻的或周期性基础),用户系统通过直接连接104(一般,通过电话和/或互联网连接)接触中央站。用户装置发送用其秘密密钥加密的,识别用户装置本身的一个字节序列。服务器从数据库得到用户装置的匹配电视观看对象,并使用存储在那里的密钥对字节序列进行解密。同时,服务器把字节序列发送给用户,在其秘密密钥中加密,把用于对话的新的一次性加密密钥给予用户。
为了通信,双方都必须对它们的鉴别消息成功地解密。双向交换处理是重要的,因为它向用户和服务器双方保证另一方是有效的。这种鉴别对于防止可能发生在用户系统上的各种袭击是必要的。例如,如果没有以这种方式鉴别通信,则怀有恶意的一方可以建立具有损坏电视观看对象数据库的“假名”中央站,并把不良信息提供给用户系统,导致不正确的操作。使用一次性对话密钥对所有进一步的通信进行加密。加密的通信是必要的,因为信息可能越过诸如互联网之类的网络传递,在那里,数据话务对于它通过的所有设备的检查是公开的。所收集的观看对象可以包括认为是专用的信息,所以在所有时间都必须充分保护这个信息。
假定鉴别阶段是成功的,双方处理全双工电话线作为两个单向广播信道。把新片段传递给用户,并且发送回待收集的观看数据。当传递所有数据时,使连接终止。
熟悉本技术领域的人员会容易地理解,可以经过诸如运行标准TCP/IP协议的互联网之类的网络发生这种连接,对于在系统中的所有其它软件是透明的。
3.服务器相似地处理上载信息;假定代表待复制到中央数据库中的电视观看对象。然而,可能有许多上载观看对象,因为业务可能有许多用户。因此把包括有关它们的源的信息的可操纵的属性分配给上载对象;然后,当添加对象时,把对象唯一地检索到数据库名称空间。
不是立即把上载观看对象添加到中央数据库;而是使它们排队,在较后时间插入数据库。这个步骤允许处理独立于用户装置连接图案的队列。例如,许多装置可以立刻连接,产生大量的对象。如果立即把这些对象添加到中央数据库,则将使所有连接的性能受损害,并将增加连接时间。通过持续期来支付电话呼叫,因此,连接时间作为负载的函数而增加的任何系统是不可接受的。
这种分离的另一个优点是容易耐受机器或网络的故障。此外,通过改变计算机系统和它们的配置以符合成本或性能对象,业务提供者可以控制处理观看对象和添加到中央数据库的速度。
这种分离的再一个优点是它提供用于分离所收集的数据以改进业务操作的一种机制;以及可以识别个别观众的数据。重要的是可以使这种识别数据保持专用,为了合法的原因和增加在业务中具有的可信任个人两者。例如,分配给观看对象(所述观看对象包括观众的观看选择记录)的可操纵属性可能只包括观众的邮政编码,意味着这些对象的进一步处理可以构成没有返回到个别身份的路径。
在服务器上实施周期性的任务,以从数据库挑选这些对象,并在适当时处置它们。例如,把表示观众特点的对象集合到总的观众特点模型中,而废弃可能识别个别观众的信息。把包含操作信息的对象传递给分析任务,它可以把潜在的问题警告用户业务人员。把包括交易信息的对象传递给用于完成的交易或商业系统。
这些活动中的任何一个可以导致把新电视观看对象添加到中央数据库中,或导致更新现有对象。最后把这些对象发送到用户装置。因此,电视观看管理系统是闭环的,建立自身保持复制数据库系统105,它可以支持任何数目的用户系统。
通过用户系统处理电视观看对象
电视观看对象可以包括下列类型的信息:电视节目说明和显示时间;电缆、卫星或广播信号原始信息,诸如频道号和识别符;观众选择信息,诸如演员、种类、显示时间等;软件,诸如增强型数据库软件,应用程序软件、操作系统软件等;统计模型信息,诸如选择矢量、人口统计学分析等;以及可以作为数字数据表示的任何其它任意的信息。
应用于节目指南对象的方法
节目指南对象包括软件需要的所有信息,所述软件运行在用户系统中,对用户系统中的用户感兴趣的节目进行调谐、接收、记录和观看,从所有可得到的节目和频道选择,如通过数据库中的对象所描述。
业务提供者在有规则的基础上更新这个节目指南信息。以某种方式(例如,从这种信息的商业提供者或广播调度信息的其它源)获得节目指南信息的提供者对这些信息进行处理。然后利用众知的软件技术处理这个数据,以减少收集相互有关的观看对象的信息。
再参考图4,图中示出节目指南对象之间的典型关系。不管广播是经过空中、电缆、卫星或其它合适的媒体发生的,电视“网络”对象407是调度和广播电视节目的任何实体。电视“节目”对象401是电视广播信号的任何不同分段的说明,诸如特定的节目、商业广告、电视台宣传、开头、结尾或任何其它电视信号的密切相关部分。“显示”对象406是广播节目的网络的广播计划的一部分。“频道映射”对象把网络广播映射到媒体正在使用的特定的广播信道;例如,卫星广播业务的频道映射对象将包括有关应答器的信息和包括广播的数据流。使用上述方法,把节目指南数据从中央站复制到用户系统,其中,在用户系统中的应用软件使用数据来管理电视观看。
业务提供者还可以提供集合观看对象,它描述以某种方式相互有关的一组节目指南对象。例如,“Star-Trek”收集可能包括与这个商标名称相关联的所有节目指南对象。清楚地,可以按这种方式集合节目的任何任意组。集合对象相似于目录。例如,在分层的名称空间中的“/showcases/StarTrek”处可以找到StarTrek收集。集合对象也是节目指南对象,可以以相似的方式操作,包括收集集合对象等。
用户系统可以进一步精选节目对象的收集。在可以捕获节目精进行部存储的一个统中,通过新的节目指南对象来表示每个捕获的节目,变成可用于观看、收集等。明确的观众动作还可能导致产生节目指南对象。例如,观众可以选择数个节目,并导致产生新的集合对象。
节目指南对象类型的说明不是意味着包括一切的,可能有许多这里没有描述的不同的使用和产生节目指南对象的方法,对于本发明的基本方法仍是有利的。
通过五种方法的应用程序软件来使用节目指南对象:
1.在最简单的情况中,观众可以要求浏览这些对象,来判明当前的节目和不久可得到的节目。应用程序软件将把数据库描述的对象关系映射为对于观众方便和有用的视听接口的某种形式。观众可以表示对特定节目感兴趣,导致某些应用—特定的动作,诸如当广播节目时把它记录到本地存储器中。
2.应用程序软件还可以直接处理节目指南对象,以选择观众可能感兴趣的节目。这个过程一般是根据结合统计模型的以前看过的节目的分析,产生所有可得到节目的优先级次序。可以按应用特定的方式处理最高预先级节目,诸如当广播节目时把它记录到本地存储器中。可以向观众显示如此发展的优先级次序的一些部分,作为在情况1中的附加选择。
熟悉本技术领域的人员容易理解,在根据以前的观看历史和明确的偏好为观众选择节目的方法上,集中了大量的现有技术,例如,美国专利第5,758,257号。在该申请中描述的方法在唯一和新颖方面超过这些技术,因为他们建议捕获节目的优先级,而不是广播或发送节目的优先级,而且对于何时广播节目没有时间限制。在本说明中,将在以后进一步详述这些方法。
一般,观众明确选择的节目具有最高的捕获优先级,接着是使用这里所述的偏好技术选择的节目。
3.用户系统将具有少量的输入,这些少量的输入能够跨越诸如内部网或互联网之类的网络接收电视广播或访问Web网页。使用一种调度方法来选择如何调谐每个输入,以及最终捕获的电视信号或Web网页跨越完成些什么。
参考图6,一般,可以在任何时间、任何信道广播观众感兴趣的节目,如节目指南对象所描述。此外,感兴趣的节目可能是跨越诸如内部网或互联网之类的网络的Web(万维网)网页通用资源定位器(URL)。使用信道比喻(channelmetaphor),也描述特定Web网站或页面的位置或URL。
例如,观众可以通过指定Web网站URL为信道而“调谐”到Web网站。任何时候当选择信道时,就显示Web网站。也可以指定Web网页作为感兴趣的节目,而且在预定的时刻将对Web网页拍摄快照和记录。
调度器接收节目观看偏好的优先级化清单603(可能作为上述每种情况而产生)作为输入。然后,调度方法601把这个清单和节目指南对象604的数据库进行比较,指示何时实际广播感兴趣的节目。然后,产生时间607对可用存储空间606的调度,这对于观众明确的或派生的较佳节目是最优化的。在本说明中,将在以后进一步详述这些方法。
4.当观看所捕获的节目时,使用匹配节目指南对象以提供有关节目的附加信息,使用任何合适的技术重叠在显示器上,最好,是某种形式的屏幕上显示(OSD)。这种信息可以包括,但是不限于,节目名称、时间、信道或原始广播的网络、到期时间、运行时间或其它信息。
5.当观看实况转播节目时,应用程序使用当前时间、信道以及频道映射来寻找匹配节目指南对象,使用如上所述的任何合适技术显示来自该对象的信息。当观众改变频道时,当新节目开始时,在商业中断之后恢复节目时,根据观众的要求,或根据其它条件,可以自动地显示信息。
6.使用相似于上述情况2中描述的那些技术,应用程序软件也可以捕获观众可能感兴趣的宣传材料。可以根据观众的要求显示这个信息,或可以在某些方便的点处自动把它插入输出电视信号中。例如,在广播节目中的广告可能由具有较高偏好优先级的不同广告来替代。使用时间牵引设备有可能在任何点处把任何存储的节目插入输出电视信号中,所述时间牵引设备诸如在1998年7月30日提出的,题为“多媒体时间弯曲系统”的专利申请第09/126,071号中所描述。时间牵引设备允许延迟重叠的节目,而同时插入存储的节目以进行这个工作。
产生较佳节目清单的方法
可以以多种方法来得到观众的偏好。观众可以请求捕获某些节目,导致这些节目可能具有最高的优先级。另一方面,可能根据特定节目的宣传部位,或甚至在节目观看期间,观众可以使用通过观众接口提供的附件明确地表达偏好。最后,从观看图案可以推断偏好:看过的节目、观看的商业广告或跳过等。
在每种情况中,这种偏好必须相当于存储在复制数据库中的电视观看对象。节目对象包括有关每个特定节目的信息资源,例如,名称、说明、导演、制片人、演员、收视率等。存储这些要素作为附加到节目对象的属性。
每个独立的属性可能导致偏好对象的产生。这种对象存储下列信息:
1.偏好项目的类型,诸如演员或导演偏好;
2.观众所给出的偏好的加权,可能通过按下多个按钮或其它手段来表示;
3.静态地指定一个偏好相对于其它偏好的重要性,例如,演员偏好比导演偏好更重要;
4.偏好项目的实际值,例如,导演的名字。
相对于图5,把偏好对象存储在数据库中,作为相似于对于节目指南对象所描述的分层结构那样的分层结构,然而,当表达偏好为500时,是递增地构造这个分层结构的。因此,所构成的分层结构是基于“直接”偏好的,例如,从观众动作派生的或推断的那些偏好。
根据针对系统偏好对象501的“间接”偏好构筑相似的分层结构。一般,当产生集合对象的偏好时产生间接偏好,并用于进一步给出通过集合对象的收集而暗示的间接偏好的加权。对作为集合对象502的一部分的可得到节目对象进行计算而产生或更新通过间接偏好分层结构参考的偏好对象,并对如此找到的每个属性,产生或更新偏好对象。
特定偏好503的加权开始于0,然后,根据所表达的偏好程度(可能按下多个按钮)加上标准值,或如果已经表达不偏好,则减去标准值。如果根据集合观看对象来表达偏好,则通过从属于集合对象的所有观看对象产生的所有偏好都具有相似的加权。因此,从以前的权重产生相关的偏好要素的新的权重。这个过程受到允许表达的偏好度的限制,因此,所有权重都跌落到限制范围中。
在本发明的一个较佳实施例中,对于偏好项目的加权可以使用非线性组合。例如,使用中央站提供的统计模型,用户可以推断,连同三个属性的权重重的偏好表示第四个属性应该也是权重重的。
产生较佳节目清单如下:
1.构成表504,该表列出每个可能的节目对象属性,在该输入中列出所存在的相对于该属性的任何偏好对象。
2.如果偏好项目是字符串,诸如演员名字,则使用32-位CRC算法计算该字符串的32-位数字签名,并用表项目存储,而不是用字符串本身。因为免除了字符串的比较,所以这允许更快地进行表的扫描,两个不同字符串产生相同数字签名的危险性较小。
3.对于在数据库中的每个节目对象,以及对于该节目的每个属性,在表中查找属性。如果存在,则对于该属性检查偏好对象清单,是否与当前节目对象的属性匹配。如果发生匹配,则把与该偏好对象相关联的加权加到与节目对象相关联的权重上,以产生节目的单个加权。
4.最后,根据对于每个节目的全部权重,使节目对象按等级排序,产生最少较佳节目的最最佳的清单。
给出这个最终的分优先级的清单,使用下述方法产生记录日程,导致收集观众最感兴趣的记录节目。
应用于调度记录对可用存储空间的方法
如上所述,记录节目一般有一个期满日,在该日期之后,从用户存储器除去所记录的节目。观众在任何时刻都可以表示应该使节目保存更长时间,通过观众选择的时间范围来延迟期满日。本发明把用于记录节目的可得到存储器看为“高速缓冲存储器”,根据在记录之后未被立即观看的节目不会再被观看的假设,在一段时间之后除去未观看的节目。根据对已观看的节目不再有兴趣的假设,已观看的节目变成立刻删除的候选者。
用记录和删除老节目的合适的调度,有可能使较小的存储器区域显得更大,因为正在进行老节目的清除和新节目的添加。此外,如果可得到资源,则根据观众所推断的偏好可以调度节目的记录;把这称为“模糊”记录。这产生一种系统,其中,节目存储区域始终“充满”观众感兴趣的节目;不删除节目,直到在该处记录其它节目或观众明确删除该节目。
此外,观众可以在任何时刻选择用于记录的节目,而记录窗口可能与其它调度的记录发生冲突,或当必须记录节目时可能得不到足够的空间。本发明包括解决这种冲突的唯一的和新颖的方法。
由于两个原因而发生冲突:缺少存储空间,或缺少输入源。这里描述的电视观看系统包括用于记录视频的固定数目的输入源,以及磁盘之类具有有限容量来存储记录视频的存储媒体。不可能在任何重要的时间周期上记录所有的电视节目广播。因此,解决因为资源限制而发生的冲突,关键是要有可得到供观看的确切的节目。
再参考图6,本发明保持两种调度,空间调度601和输入调度602。空间调度对所有当前记录的节目和已经计划要在将来记录的那些节目进行跟踪。通过产生所有占用空间(或在该时刻将被占用的空间)的总和,并把它从可用于存储节目的总容量中减去,就可以发现在任何给定时间量处可得到的空间量。在这个计算中,对于根据所推断的偏好来调度记录节目(“模糊”记录)不进行计数;这种节目自动丢弃所有冲突的判定。
如果在当启动记录时和当期满时之间的任何时刻可得到保存节目的足够空间,则可以记录节目603。此外,对于节目的持续期,必须可得到一个输入,从它开始记录。输入调度602对每个输入源的空的和占用的时隙进行跟踪。在本发明的较佳实施例中,输入源可能不是用于相同的业务,例如,一个输入可能来自数字电视信号,而另一个来自不同节目的模拟电视信号。既然是这样,在调度期间,只考虑可以记录所要求节目的那些输入。
参考图7,示出流程图,描述在较佳实施例中调度记录所采取的步骤。首先,产生感兴趣的节目显示的排序清单701。虽然本发明的较佳实施例按时间对这些显示排序,致使尽可能快地进行记录,但是可以选择任何特定的排序。然后,检查这个清单702中的每个显示,看输入703或空间704是否发生如上所述的冲突。如果发现显示没有冲突,则调度节目进行记录705。
否则,本发明的较佳实施例只选择没有输入冲突706的那些节目显示。再参考图6,可以看到,经过记录的使用期限,当记录其它节目或期满时,可用空间量会变化。然后,最好,在候选记录的使用期限期间,通过可用空间的最小量对显示清单进行分类。可以选择其它排序。
再参考图7,对于每个候选显示,向观众显示缩短冲突节目708、709的截止期的选择。这个排序导致向观众显示次序从对调度节目影响最小到最大707的这些选择;本发明没有要求要使用这种排序而反对任何其它的排序。
如果观众拒绝缩短截止期限时间的所有机会,则最终步骤包括用输入冲突710选择这些显示,并把这些显示分类在第一冲突解决阶段711中。然后向观众显示取消每个以前调度记录的选择,有利于所要求的节目712、713。当然,观众最终可以判定没有记录任何新的节目714。
在本发明的较佳实施例中,尽可能早地解决所有冲突,使观众对所记录的东西有更多的控制权。当观众作出记录节目的明确的选择时,使用在图7中描述的算法,立即调度记录,并处理所发生的任何冲突。
一旦已经作出明确的选择,就通知观众将完成记录,没有观众的明确的确认,将不会取消。
通过在用户装置上的背景任务周期性地调度模糊记录。给予如上所述的较佳节目的分优先级的清单,背景调度器试图依次调度每个较佳节目,直到用完清单,或不可得到进一步记录的机会。如果而且只有如果与其它调度节目没有冲突,才调度较佳节目。在两种情况下可能删除已排定的较佳节目:第一,如果它与明确的选择有冲突,以及第二,观众偏好的改变发现可以在该时刻记录的更高优先级的节目。
当处理请求记录的集合观看对象时,又发生复杂问题。如果根据上述方法对这种对象处理解决了冲突,则可能产生大量潜在的冲突,导致观众在解决冲突中的为难和受挫的经历。因此,当选择记录集合对象时,自动解决冲突有利于现有的调度。
在本发明的较佳实施例中,使用所包括节目的偏好权重,将解决记录集合对象造成的冲突;如果在集合对象中的一个特定节目引起多个冲突,则只有该节目的偏好超过所有冲突节目的偏好才会记录。
应用于软件对象的方法
用户系统需要正确操作的复杂软件环境。操作系统管理在用户中的硬件装置和操纵这些装置的软件应用程序之间的相互作用。通过不同的软件应用程序来管理电视观看对象数据库。时间牵引软件应用程序是再一个应用程序。
希望在运行在用户硬件装置上的这些和其它软件子系统中添加新的特征或纠正缺陷。使用这里描述的方法,有可能把包括经更新的软件模块的观看对象复制到用户系统数据库中。一旦存在于用户系统数据库中,就使用下述唯一的和新颖的的方法来安装经更新的软件,并使用户系统开始执行新的软件。
用具体例子说明装置的软件环境,作为当首先把电源施加到装置时发生的步骤序列,每个步骤构成状态信息,所述状态信息支持下列步骤的正确施加。最后步骤激励管理装置以及与观众相互作用的应用程序。这些步骤是:
1.在装置中的只读或电可编程存储器保存指令的初始引导序列。这些指令使用户装置的低级参数初始化,使盘存储系统初始化,并把引导装入程序从盘装载到存储器,然后传递执行。如果初始引导程序驻留在电可编程存储器中,则可以改变它。
2.然后,第二级引导装入程序查找在盘驱动器上的操作系统,把操作系统装载到存储器中,并传递执行到操作系统。这个引导装入程序必须存在于盘的特定位置上,以致初始装入程序可以较早地找到。
操作系统执行必要的硬件和软件的初始化。然后,它从盘驱动器装载观看对象数据库,并开始执行应用程序。还装载和启动诸如时间牵引软件和观众交互软件之类的其它应用程序软件。通常,把这个软件置于盘上离开对象数据库或捕获的电视节目的独立的区域中。
理想地,通过简单地把新软件拷贝到盘驱动器上的合适位置和再引导装置可以安装新软件。这种操作隐藏着危险,特别在家庭环境中。当拷贝软件时,电源可能会有故障,导致不一致的软件图象和潜在的操作问题。新软件可能有妨碍正确操作的缺陷。在盘驱动器上可能发生故障,破坏了软件图象。
虽然本发明的方法已经涉及到盘驱动器,熟悉本技术领域的人员容易理解,这里描述的方法一般应用于任何持久存储系统。一般,把盘驱动器和其它持久存储系统格式化成被称为扇区的固定大小块的序列。这个序列的“分区”是顺序的、非重叠子集,把存储器分割成逻辑上独立的区域。
相对于图8,本发明在盘驱动器上的固定位置处保留一个信息扇区,把该扇区称为“引导扇区”804。引导扇区804包括供给初始引导程序801的足够的信息,以了解驱动器803的分区以及查找第二级引导装入程序。
把盘分割成至少七个分区。有两(2)个小分区专用于保存第二级引导装入程序806的拷贝,两(2)个分区保存操作系统核心807的拷贝,两(2)个分区包括应用程序软件808的拷贝,以及一个分区用作暂时存储器809。对于复制的分区,在引导扇区805中记录一个指示,其中,分区的一个标志是“原始”,而分区的第二个标志是“备用”。
熟悉本技术领域的人员容易理解,为了冗余,虽然这里描述两个分区,但是通过产生更多的复制分区,可以得到三倍、四倍或更大的冗余度。
相对于图9a和9b,在引导程序901上,初始引导程序代码读出引导扇区902,扫描分区表以及查找第二级引导装入程序的“原始”分区。然后它试图把这个程序装载到存储器903中。如果它失败904,例如,由于盘驱动器的故障,则引导装入程序试图把在“备用”分区中的程序装载到存储器中905。任何一种尝试成功,引导装入程序就把控制与该程序是从哪个分区装载的一个指示一起传递到新装载的程序。
相似地,第二级引导装入程序读出分区表和查找“原始”操作系统核心907。如果不能够装载908,则装载“备用”核心来代替909。在任何情况中,把控制与源分区的指示一起,与从上面的传递源一起,传递到操作系统910。
最后,操作系统查找包括应用程序软件的“原始”分区,并试图装载初始应用程序911。如果这失败912,则操作系统查找“备用”分区,并从它装载初始应用程序913。把源分区的指示与来自上述步骤的源分区信息一起传递到初始应用程序。此时,应用程序软件接管用户系统,并开始正常观看管理作用914。
这个操作序列提供防止盘访问差错的合理的等级。它还允许一种使按这些等级中任何一个的新软件可以安装和可靠地进入操作成为可能的方法。
使用在对象数据库中的“安装程序”观看对象来记录软件安装尝试的状态。它记录上面三级的每一级的分区的状态,包括正在进行试图安装新软件的一个指示915。由于数据库的交易特性,这个操作是可靠的。
参考图10,按三级中任何一级安装新软件图象的处理如下:首先把新软件图象拷贝到合适的备用分区1001,并在数据库中作出正在进行软件安装的指示1002。然后交换在分区表中的原始和备用分区指示1003,并且再引导系统1004。最后,将把控制传递到初始应用程序。
再参考图9b,这个应用程序的第一任务是更新安装程序对象。对于每个级921、922,应用程序检查是否在进行安装916、917,并验证该级是原始分区的卸载918。如果是这样,则在该级处的安装是成功的,并且更新安装程序对象,以指示该级的成功919。否则,应用程序经过原始分区拷贝该级的备用分区,并指示在该级的安装程序对象中的失败920。拷贝分段保证在任何时刻部可得到一个级的已知好的软件的备用拷贝。
在本发明的较佳实施例中,可以延迟软件的最高应用程序级的安装的结局,直到已经成功地装载和启动应用程序环境的所有部分。这提供了另外的保证级,在持久地切换到新软件之前,应用程序环境的所有部分都在正确地工作。
应用于操作状态对象的方法
操作状态对象是一类观看对象,其中,记录有关用户系统的用途、性能和作用的信息。任何时候当与中央站建立通信时,中央站收集这些对象。记录下列操作状态指示符,与时间戳一起用于以后的收集:
1.记录观众动作,在遥控器上最初按下的按钮。与当前时间和任何其它上下文信息(诸如当前观众上下文)一起记录每个“按钮按下”。这个对象在中央站处的后—处理产生观众动作的完整的轨迹,包括采取每个动作的上下文。
2.记录自动化的动作,诸如节目记录的开始或结束,或根据观众的偏好选择要记录的节目。此外,记录所捕获节目的删除。这个对象在中央站处的后—处理产生用户系统采取的节目捕获动作的完整的轨迹,所述用户系统包括在任何时间点处驻留在持久存储器中的节目。
3.记录软件安装动作,包括接收、安装以及后—引导结果。
4.各种硬件异样,包括但是不限于:电源故障/再启动、装置的内部温度分布、持久存储器访问差错、存储器奇偶性差错以及原始分区故障。
由于与时间戳一起记录所有动作,有可能使用基于线性时间的排序再构成用户系统的作用。这允许人工或自动方法根据时间的排序清单操作以使动作和作用相关。例如,如果在用新软件再引导之后没有立即发生预期的自动动作,则可以推断新软件有缺陷。
通过中央站系统的电视观看对象的处理
电视观看对象源
用户系统具有单个电视观看对象源:中央站。中央站对象数据库具有电视观看对象的许多源:
1.处理从外部源得到的节目指南信息,以产生一致的节目指南对象组,所述节目指南对象指示“节目”、“显示”、“频道”、“网络”以及其它有关的对象。对象的这个组将具有依赖性(“频道”依赖“网络”,“显示”依赖“节目”)以及其它相互关系。当已准备好完整、一致的对象组时,就把它添加到数据库作为自动操作。
2.首先把包括新应用程序或现有软件修改的新软件封装到“软件”观看对象中。如上所述,软件可以具有相互依赖性,诸如应用程序依赖动态地装载的库,所述动态地装载的库必须反映所包括软件对象的相互关系。在另一个例子中,可能在使用两类用户系统,每个系统要求不同的软件对象;这些软件对象必须具有当前表示它们作为对象的系统的类型的属性。一旦可得到一致的对象组,就把它添加到数据库作为自动操作。
3.每个用户系统具有嵌入在系统中的唯一的秘密密钥。把匹配这个秘密密钥的公共密钥与诸如用户类型、在系统中的存储量等有关用户的其它感兴趣信息一起装载到“用户”管理对象中。按需要使用这些对象来产生鉴别对象。
4.以相似的方式添加集合节目指南对象。然而,既然是这样,集合对象必须是指在数据库中已经存在的原始节目指南对象。还把其它对象附加到集合对象,诸如纹理说明、基于屏幕的图标以及其它信息的属性。一旦可得到集合的一致的附属对象组,就把它添加到数据库作为自动操作。
5.从用户系统收集的数据。
应该清楚,可能存在任何数目的观看对象的源,而本细目简单地示出最基本的可能源。
电视观看对象上的操作
在中央电视观看对象数据库上存在大量可能的操作。打算以下列例子示出可能执行的处理的类型,然而潜在的操作不限于这些例子:
1.使用各种观看对象,可以执行许多感兴趣的统计分析任务:
1.1.通过检查大量经上载的操作状态对象,有可能执行硬件可靠性趋向和故障模式的大范围的分析。例如,有可能使内部温度与用户装置的预期MTBF(平均故障间隔时间)进行相关。
1.2.通过检查大量经上载的操作状态对象,有可能派生有关各种用户装置的总数的人口统计学的或心理学的信息。例如,有可能使在用户装置驻留的特定邮政编码范围中观看最多的一些电视节目进行相关。
1.3.相似地,通过检查大量观看信息对象,有可能对于具有充分自动化方法的特定节目产生“收视率”和“共享”值,不象现有的节目收视率方法。
1.4.还存在可能在观看对象数据库上执行统计分析任务的许多其它例子;不打算以这些例子来限制本发明的应用性,而是通过例子示出可能执行的操作领域。
2.根据所有可用观看对象的一个或多个属性可以自动地产生专业性集合对象。
一般,通过来自每个观看对象(诸如节目说明、演员、导演等)的感兴趣的第一提取信息执行这种组成,并构成节目和属性的简单的表。然后,通过选择一个或多个属性,并把所选择的属性以某种方式匹配的那些节目添加到集合中而产生集合观看对象。
然后,把这些对象包括在为了发送而产生的片段中,可能根据地理或其它信息。可以产生集合的某些例子为:
2.1.根据事件的集合,诸如在大城市中主要团队足球比赛。既然是这样,收集在该城市中和周围的用户装置可观看的所有节目以及节目说明,搜寻参赛球队的名称、教练的名字、主要运动员的名字、球场的名称等。把匹配节目对象添加到集合中,然后片段,只用于发送到在该城市中和周围的用户装置。
2.2.根据大量观众共同感兴趣的人物。例如,构成待在下周广播的所有“John Wayne”电影的集合。
2.3.根据可产生的观看性能的集合。既然是这样,对于诸如所观看节目的类型、所观看的真实节目等共同感兴趣的要素,扫描经上载的观看对象。例如,可以产生上周在所有用户装置上观看“最多十项”节目的集合,包括下周的这些节目的显示。
2.4.根据观众明确选择的集合。在节目的观看期间,可能向观众显示在当前节目上的“投票”,可能根据四个感觉的属性(故事轮廓、演技、导演、电影摄影术),这产生以后上载的观看对象。然后扫描这些投票来确定节目的总的收视率,并把这发送给仔细察看而投票的那些人。
2.5.本发明的基本设施如何允许业务操作者把预分类的和预选择的有关节目组提供给仔细察看和选择的用户装置的用户还有许多其它例子。不打算以这些例子来限制本发明的应用性,而是通过例子示出可能执行的操作领域。
3.还可以使用人工方法来产生集合对象,有时把过程称为“制作”。既然是这样,产生集合的人选择明确添加到集合的节目。然后,以上述相同的方式发送。
清楚地,集合节目对象还可以允许偏好的表达或其它信息的记录。可以把这些结果上载到中央站,以形成下一轮集合产生或统计分析等的基础。
反馈回路使业务提供者和使用用户装置的观众领域之间的电路闭合。这种唯一的和新颖的方法通过提供唯一的和强制的方法而为业务提供者提供电视观看的新形式,以向个人显示和宣传感兴趣的电视节目的观看,同时保持业务的可靠的和一致的操作。
调节排定的记录
许多外力影响广播节目的实际播送。例如,本地站具有一种趋势,提早或推迟广播节目,而体育广播经常超时。事实上,调度这些在特定时刻广播的节目从来没有考虑这些外力。观众往往错过他们爱好节目的开始几分钟或惊险故事连续剧的结局,这要到下个季度的开始才会再演。
参考图11和12,其中,向观众显示屏幕上节目指南1101。观众使用遥控器1201,通过突出显示特定开始时间1102的特定节目1103而从节目指南1101选择节目清单。节目指南1101列出每个节目的排定的开始时间1104和结束时间1105,所述每个节目是排定的,待在观众可得到的频道上广播的节目。例如,然后,观众按下选择按钮1202,以选择要记录的节目。
相对于图13,本发明的较佳实施例显示记录屏幕1301。记录屏幕允许观众选择特定节目所要求的任意选择1302。
参考图14,记录任意选择屏幕1401显示调节调度器的节目的记录日程的任意选择。观众可以指定他希望使节目存储在持久存储器中的最少天数1402。
观众通过输入时间增量(分、小时或秒)1403而调节记录的开始时间,或欠时运行,这是对节目以后的开始时间加(推迟记录)或减(提早记录)。观众还调节记录的结束时间。观众指示时间增量(分、小时或秒)1404,或超时运行,这是对节目以后的结束时间加(推迟完成)或减(提早完成)。
调度器允许观众得到诸如肥皂剧和喜剧连续剧之类的节目系列的跨季度播放节目,季度播放节目表示调度器每次在特定站上进行电视广播,它将调度节目的记录。
相对于图15,观众通过记录任意选择屏幕1501指示他要求的记录任意选择。观众指示他希望存储在持久存储器中的节目的最多幕数1502。观众可修改所记录的显示类型1503,例如,首映、重映或首映和重映。观众还可以指定使所记录节目保持在持久存储器1504中的持续期。
观众通过输入时间增量(分、小时或秒)1505而调节所有跨季度播放节目记录的开始时间,这是对节目以后的开始时间加(推迟记录)或减(提早记录)。观众还可调节所有跨季度播放节目记录的结束时间。观众指示时间增量(分、小时或秒)1506,这是对节目以后的结束时间加(推迟完成)或减(提早完成)。
本发明允许观众调节对于结束时间加或减的时间量,而同时正在记录节目。例如,这给予观众灵活性,以适应超时的足球比赛。
参考图16,调度器发现节目的调度或季度播放节目记录和经调度用于记录的其它节目或跨季度播放节目之间发生的任何冲突(如上所述)。调度器向观众表示已经发生冲突1601。向观众列出有冲突的节目和/或季度播放节目。然后,观众决定取消有冲突的排定的记录1603还是不记录当前的节目1604。
相对于图17,示出本发明的较佳实施例的高级任务观点。用户接口模块1701通过输入装置接收来自观众的命令。通过用户接口模块1701向观众组织和显示节目指南数据1703。节目指南数据1703包括节目清单、显示时间以及输入源(例如,信道、卫星或电缆输入源等)。通过电视机或显示监视器1705由用户接口模块1701向观众显示命令屏幕和节目指南。观众从所显示的节目指南选择要记录的节目。
调度器模块1702保持记录日程数据库1705。调度器模块1702通过用户接口模块1701接收来自观众的节目记录日程和记录任意选择参数。调度器模块1702把可接受的节目记录日程存储到记录日程数据库705中。调度器模块通过用户接口模块1701向观众通知任何记录日程冲突。
通过记录节目模块1707执行节目记录。记录节目模块1707查找记录日程数据库,以发现接着要记录的时间和输入信道。当每个节目记录时间到来时,记录节目模块707通过把节目存储在持久存储器1704中而记录节目。诸如名称、节目说明以及存储持续期之类的节目信息与节目记录一起存储在持久存储器1704中。
在数字视频记录机(DVR)中实施本发明的情况中,以数字形式把节目存储在持久存储器中。观众可以随机地播放存储在持久存储器中的任何节目。
清除节目模块708不断检查存储在持久存储器1704中的节目的期满日。任何时候当节目的存储持续期期满或记录节目模块1707发现它需要在持久存储器1704上的更多空间来存储新的节目记录时,清除节目模块1708从持久存储器704除去节目。
观众通过再现节目模块1709访问存储在持久存储器1704中的节目。再现节目模块1709通过用户接口模块1701向观众播放来自持久存储器1704的所请求的存储节目。
虽然这里参考较佳实施例描述了本发明,但是熟悉本技术领域的人员容易理解,其它应用可以代替这里所描述的那些实施例而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。相应地,本发明只应该通过下面包括的权利要求书来限定。
Claims (21)
1.一种在计算机环境中用于调节广播节目记录日程的开始和结束时间的过程,所述过程包括下列步骤:
接收用户输入;
其中,用户指出要记录的特定广播节目;
其中,所述广播节目具有预定的开始和结束播放时间;
对要记录的所述广播节目进行排程;以及
调节用户指出的所述广播节目的所述开始和/或所述结束记录时间。
2.如权利要求1所述的过程,其特征在于,进一步包括下列步骤:
向用户显示节目指南;
其中,所述节目指南列出多个广播节目的排定的播放时间;以及
其中,用户从所述节目指南选择所述广播节目。
3.如权利要求1所述的过程,其特征在于,用户指定从所述开始和所述结束记录时间加或减的时间增量。
4.如权利要求1所述的过程,其特征在于,在正在记录所述广播节目的同时,允许用户修改所述结束记录时间。
5.如权利要求1所述的过程,其特征在于,进一步包括下列步骤:
提供存储装置;
在所述存储器装置上记录所述广播节目;以及
其中,所述广播节目的记录在所述开始时间处开始和在所述结束时间处结束。
6.如权利要求5所述的过程,其特征在于,进一步包括下列步骤:
向用户再现存储在所述存储器装置上的所述广播节目。
7.如权利要求1所述的过程,其特征在于,进一步包括下列步骤:
提供记录日程;
其中,所述记录日程包括要记录的广播节目的节目识别符以及开始和结束时间;以及
其中,所述记录步骤根据所述记录日程在所述存储器装置上记录广播节目。
8.一种在计算机环境中用于调节广播节目记录日程的开始和结束时间的装置,包括:
用于接收用户输入的模块;
其中,用户指出要记录的特定广播节目;
其中,所述广播节目具有预定的开始和结束播放时间;
对要记录的所述广播节目排程;以及
调节用户指出的所述广播节目的所述开始和/或所述结束记录时间。
9.如权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,进一步包括:
用于向用户显示节目指南的模块;
其中,所述节目指南列出多个广播节目的排定的播放时间;以及
其中,用户从所述节目指南选择所述广播节目。
10.如权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,用户指定从所述开始和所述结束记录时间加或减的时间增量。
11.如权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,在正在记录所述广播节目的同时,允许用户修改所述结束记录时间。
12.如权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,进一步包括:
存储器装置;
用于在所述存储器装置上记录所述广播节目的模块;
其中,所述广播节目的记录在所述开始时间处开始和在所述结束时间处结束。
13.如权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,进一步包括:
用于向用户再现存储在所述存储器装置上的所述广播节目的模块。
14.如权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,进一步包括:
记录日程;
其中,所述记录日程包括要记录的广播节目的节目识别符以及开始和结束时间;以及
其中,所述记录模块根据所述记录日程在所述存储器装置上记录广播节目。
15.一种计算机可读出的程序存储媒体,明确地实施计算机可执行的指令程序,以执行在计算机环境中调节广播33节目记录日程的开始和结束时间的方法步骤,包括下列步骤:
接收用户输入;
其中,用户指出要记录的特定广播节目;
其中,所述广播节目具有预定的开始和结束播放时间;
对要记录的所述广播节目排程;以及
调节用户指出的所述广播节目的所述开始和/或所述结束记录时间。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括下列步骤:
向用户显示节目指南;
其中,所述节目指南列出多个广播节目的排定的播放时间;以及
其中,用户从所述节目指南选择所述广播节目。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,用户指定从所述开始和所述结束记录时间加或减的时间增量。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,在正在记录所述广播节目的同时,允许用户修改所述结束记录时间。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括下列步骤:
提供存储器装置;
在所述存储器装置上记录所述广播节目;
其中,所述广播节目的记录在所述开始时间处开始和在所述结束时间处结束。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括下列步骤:
向用户再现存储在所述存储器装置上的所述广播节目。
21.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括下列步骤:
提供记录日程;
其中,所述记录日程包括要记录的广播节目的节目识别符以及开始和结束时间;以及
其中,所述记录步骤根据所述记录日程在所述存储器装置上记录广播节目。
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CNB008190933A Expired - Lifetime CN1248495C (zh) | 1999-12-21 | 2000-12-20 | 广播节目记录超时和欠时排程方法和系统 |
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CNB2005100824110A Expired - Lifetime CN100440956C (zh) | 1999-12-21 | 2000-12-20 | 广播节目记录超时和欠时排程系统 |
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JP (3) | JP4897175B2 (zh) |
CN (4) | CN1255987C (zh) |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100527807C (zh) * | 2004-03-25 | 2009-08-12 | 株式会社日立制作所 | 视频记录装置以及记录控制方法 |
CN100428789C (zh) * | 2005-03-31 | 2008-10-22 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 一种基于电子节目指南信息实现预约录制的方法及系统 |
CN101465968B (zh) * | 2007-12-18 | 2012-03-28 | 新奥特(北京)视频技术有限公司 | 基于事件触发机制的节目时段编排的实时检测和提示方法 |
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