CN1438860A - 将可流动的物质注射到骨内的系统和方法 - Google Patents

将可流动的物质注射到骨内的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1438860A
CN1438860A CN01811897A CN01811897A CN1438860A CN 1438860 A CN1438860 A CN 1438860A CN 01811897 A CN01811897 A CN 01811897A CN 01811897 A CN01811897 A CN 01811897A CN 1438860 A CN1438860 A CN 1438860A
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保罗·M·桑德
马克·A·雷利
埃瑞·斯科尔坦
罗伯特·M·斯克里布纳
迈克尔·L·瑞欧
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Medtronic Spine LLC
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
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    • A61B17/8802Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
    • A61B17/8833Osteosynthesis tools specially adapted for handling bone cement or fluid fillers; Means for supplying bone cement or fluid fillers to introducing tools, e.g. cartridge handling means
    • A61B17/8836Osteosynthesis tools specially adapted for handling bone cement or fluid fillers; Means for supplying bone cement or fluid fillers to introducing tools, e.g. cartridge handling means for heating, cooling or curing of bone cement or fluid fillers
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Abstract

本发明的系统和方法对粘合剂或其它可流动流体进入骨内提供较大控制。

Description

将可流动的物质注射到骨内的系统和方法
相关申请
本申请要求2000年6月27日提交的临时申请60/214,666的权利。本申请是以下未授权的专利申请的延续部分:美国专利申请09/496,987,2000年2月2日提交,标题为“将可流动的物质注射到骨内的系统和方法”,此专利申请在此引用作为参考文献。
发明领域
本发明涉及治疗人类或其它动物的骨疾病。
发明背景
一些公司提出机械的骨粘合剂注射设备。这些设备与家用的填缝枪相似。通常,注射设备具有手枪形的主体,支撑含有骨粘合剂的料筒。粘合剂通常是两部分,必须在混合器中混合并被装到料筒中用于注射。
在刚刚混合完后并在硬化之前,粘合剂处于流动的、粘性液体状态,在稠度方面类似于糖浆或水状烤薄饼糊。注射设备具有活塞,由手动的扳机或螺纹机构致动活塞,用于将粘稠的骨粘合剂经过适当喷嘴从料筒前方推出,并进入想要治疗的骨的内部。
一旦注射入目标骨,粘合剂经受大约6到8分钟的硬化循环。在硬化时,粘合剂从粘性的液体变成油灰似的粘稠体并最终成为坚硬的块体。
发明概述
本发明在其各个方面提供对粘合剂或其它可流动流体填入骨内的较大控制。
本发明的一个方面是提供一种将可流动物质注射到骨内的组件。组件包括管状主体,该主体包括承载物质流的内孔。管状主体具有纵轴并包括分配端。分配端的开口与内孔相通,用于分配物质流。柱塞至少部分地位于管状主体中。柱塞适于沿管状主体的纵轴移动。组件包括连接在柱塞上的前进机构。前进机构响应第一输送推动将柱塞移动第一纵向位移,响应第二输送推动将柱塞移动第二纵向位移。
从下面的描述和附图,以及所附的权利要求中,将阐明本发明的特征和优点。
附图的简要描述
图1是用于治疗骨的系统的视图,该系统中包括体现本发明特征的注射器喷嘴组件;
图2是图1所示注射器喷嘴组件一个实施例的分配端的放大侧视图,其中分配端预先弯曲成所需形状以便于其使用;
图3A是图1所示注射器喷嘴组件另一个实施例的分配端的放大侧视图,其中分配端是可操纵的以便于其在骨内使用;
图3B是图1所示注射器喷嘴组件可操纵分配端另一实施例的放大侧视图;
图4是图1所示注射器喷嘴组件一个实施例的分配端的放大端视图,分配端具有一个环状件,用于切断从分配端排出的粘合剂;
图5是图4所示分配端的放大端视图,表示转动粘合剂切割环以切下注射出的粘合剂团块;
图6是图1所示注射器喷嘴组件一个实施例的分配端的放大端视图,其中分配端具有两个十字交叉的环状件,用于切断从分配端排出的粘合剂;
图7是图1所示注射器喷嘴组件一个实施例的分配端的放大端视图,其中分配端是可操纵的并且也具有将从分配端排出的粘合剂切断的环状件;
图8是图1所示注射器喷嘴组件另一个实施例的分配端的放大端视图,其中分配端是可操纵的并且也具有将从分配端排出的粘合剂切断的环状件;
图9是图1所示注射器喷嘴组件一个实施例的分配端的放大端视图,分配端具有预先弯曲的探针,图中所示的是在使用之前处于缩回和笔直状态的探针;
图10是图9所示分配端的放大端视图,表示推进预先弯曲的探针后进行转动,而将注射出的粘合剂团块切下;
图11是预先弯曲的探针沿图9中线11-11的剖视图,表示在使用过程中防止探针转出所需方向以外的配合片和键槽;
图12是图1所示注射器喷嘴组件一个实施例的侧视图,其中包括分配粘合剂的侧端口;
图13是图12所示注射器喷嘴组件的放大端视图,表示分配端的转动将注射出的粘合剂团块从侧端口切下;
图14是注射器喷嘴组件的放大侧剖视图,包括使注射器管独立于粘合剂注射工具而转动的转动配件;
图15是具有类似于图14所示的转动配件的注射器喷嘴的侧视图,其中包括指示标记用于不需要直接观察即可确认分配端的方向以及分配端的转动程度;
图16是椎体的局部剖面冠状图,表示通过侧后方路径设置可扩张主体以压缩松质骨并形成内部空腔;
图17是图16所示的椎体的冠状图,表示通过侧后方路径设置图1所示的注射器喷嘴组件;
图18是椎体的局部剖面侧视图,表示通过横向路径将图1所示注射器喷嘴组件插入扩张先前主体形成的空腔中;
图19A、19B和19C是注射器喷嘴组件的侧视图,该组件还包括指示标记,用于不需要直接观察即可确认分配端插入目标治疗点的程度;
图20是系统的侧视图,该系统包括连接在冷却流体源上的注射器喷嘴组件,以便缓和由组件分配的粘合剂在硬化过程中的温度升高;
图21是图20所示注射器喷嘴组件的示意性侧剖视图;
图22是图20所示注射器喷嘴组件的端视图;
图23是另外一种提供分配速率可变的注射器喷嘴组件的局部剖面侧视图;
图24是图23所示注射器喷嘴组件的局部剖面俯视图;
图25是图23所示注射器喷嘴组件的局部剖面分解图;
图26是图23所示注射器喷嘴组件的局部剖面侧视图,用于提供可流动物质的快速、大体积分配;以及
图27是图23所示注射器喷嘴组件的侧视图,用于提供可流动物质的较慢的计量分配速率。
在不偏离本发明精神和本质特征的情况下,本发明可以几种形式实施。本发明的范围由所附的权利要求限定,而不是由其的详细描述所限定。因此,落在权利要求等同内容的含义和范围内的所有实施例都包括在权利要求中。
优选实施例的详细描述
图1表示将可流动物质输送到骨内的注射器喷嘴组件10。组件10能携载多种类型的可流动物质,例如骨粘合剂或者一种或多种治疗物的悬浮液,或同时携载二者。组件10可同样地用于多种治疗用途,以及例如,治疗病骨,或者用于防止或治疗骨折或骨的塌陷,或者同时起这两种作用。
图示的实施例示出的注射器喷嘴10是系统11的一部分,系统11用于注射入粘合剂以治疗骨折断或骨塌陷,这也是组件10特别适用的一个目的。但是,应该理解的是,喷嘴组件10并不限于在治疗骨折或骨塌陷中的应用。
图1表示系统11,包括在松质骨中形成粘合剂接收空腔的工具12和工具14,组件10可拆卸地装在其上面,用于将粘合剂输送到形成的松质骨空腔中。
在图1中,第一工具12包括导管16,它具有末端18,载有可扩张主体20。图1示出主体20处于塌陷状态,允许医生将主体20插入目标骨的内部空间。一旦插入骨内,医生就输送流体以扩张主体20,如图1中的虚线所示。
如同后面更详细的描述,主体20的扩张在松质骨内形成空腔。以这种方式使用可扩张主体治疗骨在美国专利4,969,888和5,108,404中有描述,以上专利在此引用作为参考文献。
喷嘴组件10插入所形成的空腔内以分配骨粘合剂,如同下面更详细的描述。粘合剂凝固并硬化形成新的内部结构支撑,用于支撑松质骨周围的椎骨。
下面进一步详细描述注射喷嘴组件10。
I.注射喷嘴组件
注射喷嘴组件10是一个可拆卸地连接到传统注射工具14上的部分,例如,通过螺纹接头36(见图2)。如图1所示,工具14包括手枪形的把手,这里称之为注射枪22。注射枪22包括末端配件24,料筒26可拆卸地装在末端配件24上面,例如,利用螺纹螺杆配合(未示出)。料筒26包括内部的可移动活塞28。
图2更好地所示,喷嘴组件10包括注射管30。注射管通过螺纹接头36可拆卸地装在料筒26的前端,螺纹接头26与料筒上的螺杆接头37配合。
注射管30包括中心内腔32。喷嘴组件10也包括末端的分配端34,中心内腔32穿过分配端34延伸。
在使用过程中(见图1),料筒26内含有骨粘合剂38。料筒26可以以不同方式装入骨粘合剂38。例如,骨粘合剂38通常由两种组分在外部的混合设备(未示出)中混合。混合时,两种组分开始从低粘性的、相对自由流动的类似薄饼糊样的液体,凝固成基本没有流动性的、油灰似的特征物。最终,粘合剂38在由可扩张主体20形成的目标骨空腔内硬化成刚性状态。
由于骨粘合剂38粘度增大(流动性降低),优选在混合后的几分钟内进行注射。为达到此目的,活塞杆40在注射枪22中延伸。杆40载有活塞盘44。杆40连接在手指扳机42上。
当医生向后拉扳机42时(如图1中箭头43所示),杆40推动活塞盘44前进,与料筒活塞28接触。接着,料筒28的行进推动骨粘合剂38经过螺杆接头37进入注射管30的内腔32并从分配端34流出,如图1所示。
注射枪22的细节可以是传统的,不是本发明的实质。注射枪22可以包括粘合剂枪,例如Stryker公司(密歇根州,Kalamazoo)制造。这种特殊的枪具有手动操作的扳机,具有9到1个机械优点。也可以使用其它具有或多或少个机械优点的注射枪。非手动操作的注射枪也可以使用。
喷嘴组件10可以以不同的方式制造。例如,注射管30,包括其分配端34,都可以由塑料制成,例如聚乙烯或其它适合的聚合物。喷嘴组件10的直径和长度根据过程的性质可以改变。例如,对于将粘合剂送入髋部,喷嘴组件10可以是约10到30cm长,外径为约4到12mm。对于将粘合剂送入椎体内,喷嘴组件10可以是大约18到30cm长,外径约为3到8mm。
A.偏斜分配端
如图1和图2所示,喷嘴组件10的分配端34或者是偏斜的,或者能偏斜出管30的主轴线46。偏斜形成曲率半径,有助于分配端34在目标区的使用。以其在椎体内的使用为线索,下面将更详细地描述偏斜分配端34的优点。
导管末端36的偏斜可以以不同方式实现,下面的描述将对此说明。
i.固定偏斜
在图2所示的实施例中,分配端34通常偏向成预定的偏斜状态。例如,对于聚氨酯或尼龙材料做的管,可以使用热加工进行偏向。另外(如图2所示),分配端34可以具有一定长度的预先弯曲的记忆线材料48,例如由镍钛合金制成,将分配端34朝所需的偏斜形状偏向。根据需要治疗位置的形状,可以改变偏斜的角度。
如同后面更详细的描述,将分配端34通过导向套管可以克服偏向,在将其应用于治疗位置的过程中临时校直分配端34。当去除导向套管的限制后,偏向将分配端34返回到其预先形成的偏斜状态。
ii.可调节的偏斜
在另一个实施例中,如图3A所示,注射管30具有操纵线50和52。操纵线50和52分别从注射管30中的内腔50A和52A中穿过,并连接到分配端34。
在图3A中,两根操纵线50和52仅是用于说明的目的,但应该意识到,可以使用或多或少的操纵线。操纵线50和52连接到位于注射管30靠近手枪料筒26近端的操纵机构54上,使医生操纵。在图3A中,操纵机构54包括具有控制杆55的转轮56,操纵线50和52连接在其上面。也可以使用其它类型的操纵机构54,例如拉片或线性致动器。
逆时针转动轮56(箭头A方向)拉动第一操纵线50,向上偏斜分配端34(图3A中的虚线位置34A)。顺时针转动轮56(箭头B方向)拉动第二操纵线52,向下偏斜分配端34(图3A中的虚线位置34B)。从而达到多方向操纵。
在另一个实施例中(见图3B),控制杆55的位置对应于分配端34的倾斜方向。当控制杆55位于中心位置C时,分配端34处于拉直状态C’。当控制杆55向下运动或顺时针运动(例如到达虚线位置D),分配端34同样运动到虚线位置D’,位置C和D之间的旋转角A1基本对应于位置C’和D’之间的偏斜角度A1’。当控制杆55向上运动或逆时针运动(例如,到达虚线位置E),分配端34同样运动到虚线位置E’,位置C和E之间的旋转角A2基本对应于位置C’和E’之间的偏斜角度A2’。
B.切割排出的粘合剂团块
i.切割线
如图4所示,喷嘴组件10的一个实施例包括一段装在分配端34中的线100。线100穿过中心开口32,形成环102,用于切断从内腔32中排出的粘合剂团块62。
如图4和5所示,注射管30的转动(如图5中箭头60所示)带动分配端34以及环102。环102在内腔32末端附近排出的粘合剂团块62中转动。环102转过180°,从仍在分配端34中的未排出的粘合剂块64上切下排出的粘合剂团块62。环102,由分配端34整体地带动,在排出的团块62和未排出的块64之间形成一致的和整齐的断面。
在图6所示的实施例中,喷嘴组件10包括分配端34中的两段线126和128。线126和128穿过中心内腔32,在从内腔32中排出粘合剂的通道中形成两个粘合剂切割环130和132。分配端34转过90°使两个环64和66经过粘合剂团块62,将粘合剂团块62从仍在分配端34中的粘合剂块上切下,按如图5所示的方式。
如图6所示,如果需要,在图4到6中所示的注射管30的分配端34可以进行正常的偏斜,如前所述,使分配端34偏离注射管30的轴线46。管30也可以具有操纵线50和52,如图3所示,以便操纵分配端34。
另外,操纵和粘合剂切割元件可以结合在一起。例如,在图7所示的实施例中,喷嘴元件10包括一段线134,穿过侧腔136A和136B,在管30中延伸(按图3所示的方式)。线134在分配端34的端部形成外环58。在图示的优选的实施例中,侧腔136A和136B一般在径向上与中心内腔32隔开,从而使外环58穿过中心内腔32,一般是将其平分。外环58作为粘合剂切割工具,如前所述。
在图7中,线134固定在分配端34的头部,从而拉动线134的任一条腿将弯曲分配端134。从而丝线134的腿作为第一和第二操纵线50和52,按图3所示的上述方式使分配端34偏斜。
图8表示另一个可供选择的实施例,其中两段线138和140穿过多对侧腔142A、142B、144A和144B,并在管30中延伸。线138和140沿圆周形成间隔的多条操纵线50、51、52和53。线138和140也交叉穿过中心内腔32,形成穿过分配端34的两个环64和66。线138和140通过粘结剂或其它适合的方式固定在分配端的头部,形成多条操纵线腿50、51、52、53。固定的腿50、51、52和53提供多平面的操纵。两个环64和66也作为粘合剂切割器。
图9到11表示喷嘴组件10的另一个实施例,组件10包括弯曲的探针200,用于切下排出的粘合剂团块62。探针200可以滑动地装载在注射管30中的内腔202中。从图11中可以更好地看出,探针200上的定位片206与内腔202中的槽或键槽208配合,以防止探针200在内腔202中转动。适当的推拉机构(未示出)装在注射管30的近端,以影响探针200在内腔202中前进和退回。
如图10所示,探针200的末端204有一个斜的弯曲。当位于内腔202之中时(如图9所示),末端204保持拉直的状态。当从内腔202中伸出,末端204呈现预成形的弯曲结构。定位片206和配对的键槽208将探针200定向,从而当伸出内腔202时,末端204朝管32的中心开口32弯曲并从其上面越过,如图10所示。优选地,末端204穿过管30的中心开口32的一半或更多。
在使用过程中,当探针末端204退回内腔202时,粘合剂团块62从分配端34的中心开口32中排出(如图9所示)。当粘合剂注射结束时,医生从内腔202向前滑动探针末端204。从内腔202伸出后,探针末端204弯曲在中心开口32上伸入粘合剂团块62中。分配端34转过360°(图10中箭头209所示)使探针末端204通过粘合剂团块62,将团块62从分配端34内的粘合剂块上切下。医生拉动探针200,将探针末端204抽回内腔202。
ii.侧注射口
图12和13表示喷嘴组件10的另一个可供选择的实施例,转动时将排出的粘合剂团块62切断。
在此实施例中,喷嘴组件10包括注射管30,与图2所示的相似。管30包括螺纹接头36,可以拧到粘合剂枪料筒26的接头37上。管30包括中心内腔32,以将粘合剂从料筒26输送到末端的分配端34。
与图2所示的实施例不同,中心内腔32并不沿轴线穿过末端的分配端34的头部。相反,在图12和13中,分配端34的头部是闭合的,并包括至少一个分配端口180,从中心内腔32沿一定角度延伸。出口180在分配端34的一侧开口。
如图13所示,粘合剂团块62从侧分配端口180中排出,而不经过分配端34的末端头部。如图13所示,转动分配端34(如箭头182所示)使分配端口180沿圆弧横向运动并离开粘合剂团块62。侧分配端口180离开团块32的横向运动将团块32从仍在中心内腔32中的粘合剂块上切下。
如图12所示,注射管30的分配端34,如果需要,可以进行正常偏斜,使分配端34偏离注射管30的轴线46。管30也可以具有操纵线50和52,如图3所示,以便操纵分配端34。
iii.转动配件
如图14所示,螺纹接头36可拆卸地将注射管30连接到粘合剂枪22的料筒26前端的螺杆接头37上,包括配件104,允许注射管30相对于接头36和枪22转动。
可以使用不同结构的旋转配件104。在图示的实施例中,旋转配件104包括适配器108,用于在接头36中转动。注射管30的近端110固定在适配器108上用于进行普通的旋转。保持环112在接头36外面包围着管30,允许其转动但限制其向后的轴向运动。O形圈114位于适配器108和接头36的端壁之间。O形圈114限制管30的向前运动,同时也防止粘合剂的泄露。
转动配件104允许医生用一只手转动注射管30,从而转动喷嘴34(如图14中的箭头106所示),同时另一只手保持注射枪22静止。如图14所示,注射管30可具有套或把手115以便于转动。
转动配件104简化了粘合剂注射工具14在注射管30转动过程中的把持或操纵。医生能转动注射管30,转动分配端34以带动一个或多个粘合剂切割环将排出的粘合剂团块62切下(如图4、5、9、10、12和13所示),而不必转动注射枪22本身。当结合有偏斜分配端34时,管30的转动进一步帮助分配端34在所需位置的定位,也不需要转动注射枪22。
如图15所示,转动配件104包括标记,以便测量注射管30的方向或转动。在图示的实施例中,标记包括刻在接头36上的指示标记210,它与刻在注射管30近端上的指示标记212对齐。标记210和212的对齐将分配端34置于特殊的预定方向。
例如,当分配端34沿偏斜状态正常偏向时,如图15所示,标记210和212的对齐表示偏斜到主轴线46的右侧。指示标记210也包括视觉的或触觉的识别器(例如,图15中突出的字符“R”),进一步帮助医生确认方向。
配件104也包括其它辅助指示标记(图15中示出了其中的两个214和216)以及相关的视觉的或触觉的识别器(分别是“U”和“D”)。标记212与辅助标记214对齐表示分配端34的偏斜方向朝上。同样的,标记212与辅助标记216对齐表示分配端34的偏斜方向朝下。另外的标记和相关的识别器(未示出)位于标记210径向上相反的一侧,也表示偏斜的分配端34在左侧方向。
指示标记212与指示标记210、214、216的对齐允许医生按所需的方式遥控偏斜端34的方向,而不必依赖于X-射线或其它内窥技术。跟踪指示标记212相对于一个或多个标记210、214、216的转动也允许医生测量注射管30的转动,而达到切下粘合剂团块62所需的转动程度。
当分配端34是可操纵的(如图3所示),标记210和212的对齐可以表示操纵线50和52在特定的垂直或水平平面上延伸。获知此方向后,医生可以操作操纵机构56以达到所需的弯曲动作,而不必依赖于X-射线或其它内窥技术。当切下粘合剂团块62时,指示标记的相对移动也使医生监视注射管30的转动程度。
当分配端34包括侧分配端口180(如图12和13所示)时,标记210和212的对齐可以表示分配端口180的方向,左或右、上或下。当切下粘合剂团块62时,指示标记的相对移动也允许医生监视注射管30的转动程度。
C.放射监视
在图2到15中所示的所有实施例中,喷嘴组件10包括一个或多个放射标记68。标记68由公知的不透射线的物质制成,例如铂、金、钙、钽和其它重金属。至少一个标记68放置在分配端34上或其附近,允许放射观察目标骨区内的分配端34。
也可以使用其它形式的标记,允许医生观察分配端34在目标治疗区内的位置。
II.在椎体内使用喷嘴组件
下面描述当用于人椎骨150时喷嘴组件10的使用,图16表示的是冠状(顶视)图。但是应该理解的是,喷嘴组件10并不只限定在椎骨的应用。系统10也可以同样应用在长骨或其它类型骨中。
椎骨150包括椎体152,它在椎骨150的前侧(即前面或胸部)延伸椎体152包括致密坚质骨158形成的外部。坚质骨158围住网状的多孔的或海绵状的骨160(也称为髓质骨或小梁骨)的内部。
椎体152呈椭圆盘形,一般地相对其前后轴线154和中间横轴线156是对称的。轴线154和156在中心区或椎体152的几何中心交叉,在图中标记为MR。
如图16所示,例如通过在椎体152的侧面钻一个进入口162,或称为侧后通道,可以进入椎体152的内部。侧后通道的入口162在椎体152的后侧进入,并以一定角度向前朝椎体152的前方延伸。入口162可以用闭合的最小侵入性的过程形成,或者使用开放的过程形成。
如图16所示,导向套管166位于进入口162中。在放射性、CT或MRI的监控下,工具12从导向套管166中插入,此时可扩张主体20是塌陷的。当用于松质骨160时,医生将增压的流体输送到主体20中使其扩张。优选的流体是射线透不过的,以便于观察。例如,RenografinTM介质可以用于此用途。
主体20在内部空间的扩张压缩松质骨160而形成空腔164。松质骨的压缩也对坚质骨158产生内部作用力,可以升高或推动断裂或压缩的骨回到其原始的断裂前的位置或原始位置附近。
主体20优选地持续膨胀一段适当的等待时间,例如,3到5分钟,允许椎体152内部的凝结。适当的等待时间过后,医生将主体20塌陷并取出它。如图17所示,形成的空腔164保持在椎体152的内部。
如图17所示,第二工具14准备好使用。当料筒26中装满粘合剂38时,医生将注射管30穿过导向套管166送入成形的空腔164。
如果分配端34正常偏向到弯曲状态(如图2所示),导向套管166中的通道克服偏向并拉直分配端34。一旦伸出导向套管166,分配端34回到其正常的偏向状态。
如图19A、19B和19C所示,管30可包括沿其长度的预定位标记218(0)到218(2)。标记218(0)到218(2)的定位是以一定间隔相继对齐导向套管166的近端边缘220,标记分配端34从导向套管166的末端边缘222伸出的程度。
如图19A所示,当标记218(0)与近端边缘220对齐时,导向套管166的末端边缘222和分配端34重合(即分配端34的头部与套管166的末端边缘222相连)。
如图19B所示,在套管166中顺序移动管30使标记218(1)与近端边缘220对齐。此对齐表示分配端34的头部伸出末端边缘222第一预定的距离D1。
如图19C所示,顺序移动管30使分配端34进一步前进,造成标记218(2)与近端边缘220对齐。此对齐表示分配端34伸出末端边缘222第二预定的距离D2。
当然,标记218的数量和间隔可以改变。标记218允许医生计量分配端34何时伸入目标点以及伸入的程度多大,而不需要直接观察。
在标记68提供的放射观察下,医生可以转动注射管30。在注射粘合剂38之前或注射过程中,注射管30的转动使分配端34在空腔164中定向。在图14所示的实施例中,不用转动注射枪22就可以完成转动。在图15所示的实施例中,分配端34转动的程度和方向可以利用配件104上的标记212/210、214和216观察(见图15),而不必使用内窥方式。
另外,如果管30具有一个或多个操纵线50和52(如图3所示),医生可以选择性地在标记68提供的放射观察下弯曲分配端34。以这种方式,在注射粘合剂38之前或注射过程中,医生可以操纵分配端34进入所需的位置或在空腔164中定位。在图15所示的实施例中,配件104上的标记212/210、214和216有助于实现操纵过程(见图15),而不必使用内窥方式。
如图17所示,侧后进入口162没有将注射管30与椎体152的几何轴线154和156对齐。然而,分配端34的偏斜使分配端34沿中间横轴156对齐椎体152的中间区域MR。
如图17所示,注射枪22将粘合剂38或其它填充物质推入空腔164。在注射物质38的同时,医生优选地开始将分配端34定位在与进入口162相反的侧区内。当物质38流入空腔164时,医生逐渐地沿中间横轴1 56移动分配端34通过中间区域MR并朝进入口162移动。分配端34的偏斜(由于预先偏向或被实际操纵实现)允许医生保持所需的与中间横轴156的对齐。分配端34的偏斜(由于预先偏向或被实际操纵)也允许医生保持分配端34连续地挤入填充物质38,从而避免形成空气或流体空洞。
通过转动或操纵定位分配端34,或者二者同时进行,如同刚刚描述的,医生利用标记68放射性地观察注射过程。
医生将物质38送入空腔164,直到物质38达到导向套管166的内部末端。如果分配端34具有一个或多个外环(如图4到10所示),或者侧分配端口180(如图12和13所示),分配端34的转动将整齐地从仍在分配端34中的未排出粘合剂上切下留在空腔164中的注射粘合剂团块(如图4和5以及图12和13所示)。以这种方式,留在空腔164中的粘合剂将不会随着分配端34的拉出而被无意地从空腔164中拉出。分配端34的转动切下物质团块也避免在物质团块上形成会刺激周围组织的尖蒂。
在图15所示的实施例中,配件104上的标记212/210、214和216有助于监控转动程度,而不用进行内窥。
如图18的侧面图所示,进入椎体152内部也可以通过在任一个茎170上钻进入口152来做到。这称为横茎法。如图18所示,横茎法的进入口170进入椎体152的顶部,此处茎170相对较薄,并以一定角度向下朝椎体152的底部延伸以进入内部空间。
与上述方式相同,工具12用于穿过入口168中的导向套管166以形成空腔172。医生可以操纵第二工具14使喷嘴组件10的分配端34进入空腔172中,尽管横茎进入口对齐相对于轴线154和156倾斜的管30,但偏斜的分配端34可以转动,从而在注射过程中基本对齐前后轴线154或者中间横轴线156。
使用侧后进入或横茎进入,偏斜的分配端34将粘合剂38送入椎体152的中间区域MR。在硬化时,粘合剂28在中间区域MR提供均匀支撑。从而增强椎体152承受载荷的能力。
上面所述的过程,在最小侵入性的方式下实施,也可以在开放的外科手术中进行。使用开放的外科手术,医生可以接近被治疗的骨,如同经由皮肤完成的手术,除了没有皮肤或外科与骨之间的其它组织被治疗外。这保持坚质骨尽可能地完整,并对进入椎体152内部空间提供更大的自由度。
III.冷却的喷嘴组件
混合后在凝固的同时,粘合剂38发生化学反应放出热量。当粘合剂温度低于给定的阈值时,粘合剂38保持流动的粘性液体状态,适于通过喷嘴组件10送入目标区域。当温度升高超过阈值时,粘合剂38开始硬化,逐渐失去其流动的特性并更加难以通过喷嘴组件10。希望是在达到阈值温度之前排出松散的粘合剂团块62。
图20表示在粘合剂38通过分配端34的过程中冷却喷嘴组件10的系统240。系统240包括注射管30,利用螺纹接头36可拆卸地装在料筒26的前端,如前所述。管30包括中心内腔30,从料筒26中输送的粘合剂38从中经过。
系统240还包括至少一套成对的侧内腔,沿轴向在中心内腔30旁边通过管30。在图示的实施例中(见图22),示出了四套成对的内腔,标记为242A和B,244A和B,246A和B,248A和B。如图21和22所示,每套内腔242A/B、244A/B、246A/B和248A/B包括闭合环,用于将冷却流体从源250经过管30输送到废物252。
从图21中更清楚地看出,每套内腔242A/B、244A/B、246A/B和248A/B中标记为A的内腔在其近端通过管线泵254与冷却流体源250连接。因此,每套内腔242A/B、244A/B、246A/B和248A/B中标记为A的内腔包括冷却流体的入口通道。
图21还示出,每套内腔242A/B、244A/B、246A/B和248A/B中标记为A的内腔在其末端与每套内腔242A/B、244A/B、246A/B和248A/B中标记为B的内腔的末端相通。如图21和22所示,每套内腔242A/B、244A/B、246A/B和248A/B中A、B内腔末端之间的相通是将内腔A、B之间的物质去除并在它们之间形成通道256,并在通道256上放置密封材料258而建立的。每套内腔242A/B、244A/B、246A/B和248A/B中内腔B的近端与废物252相通。从而每套内腔242A/B、244A/B、246A/B和248A/B中内腔B包括冷却流体的返回通道。
在源250,冷却流体处于所需的温度,此温度低于粘合剂38的阈值温度。例如,源流体可以包括温度约68°F(20℃)的自来水。当粘合剂38通过中心内腔32输送排出时,泵254从源250通过入口通道242A、244A、246B和248B输送冷却流体。返回通道242B、244B、246B和248B将冷却流体输送到废物252。冷却流体在管30中沿中心内腔32的循环将粘合剂38凝固产生的热量带走,以缓和凝固粘合剂38中温度的升高。从而冷却流体的循环将中心内腔32中凝固粘合剂38保持在粘性流动状态一段较长时间。
在图示的实施例中(见图20和21),返回通道242B、244B、246B和248B将冷却流体输送到中心内腔30近端下游的废物252。这加速了加热的返回流体从管30的排出,从而进一步将中心内腔32中的温度增大降低到最低程度。
应该理解的是,按照前面所述的任何方式,系统250还可包括在管30转动时切下粘合剂流的切割元件,以及偏斜分配端34的装置。
IV.具有不同输送速率的注射器喷嘴组件
图23到25表示将可流动物质302输送到体内的骨中或例如空腔等另外位置中的注射器喷嘴组件300。与前面描述的注射器喷嘴组件类似,图23到25中所示的组件300能输送多种类型的可流动物质,例如骨粘合剂或者一种或多种治疗物的悬浮液,或同时输送这二者。图23和24中示出的组件300可同样地用于多种治疗用途,以及,例如,治疗生病骨,或者用于防止或治疗骨折或骨的塌陷,或者二者同时治疗。
如图23到25所示,组件300包括连接到注射器把手306上的注射器主体304。在使用时,一定量的可流动物质302装入注射器主体304中(见图26和27)。如图24中更好地表示,注射器柱塞308装在形成于注射器把手306内部的柱塞室310中。注射器柱塞308沿轴向在注射器主体304中前进,从而将可流动物质302从注射器主体304的末端排出(如图26和27所示)。
注射器把手306和注射器主体304可以包括,例如,成形的塑料或金属零件。注射器把手306可以制成不同形状和尺寸。所希望的是,把手306的尺寸适于舒适地握在操作者手中。
注射器主体304可以包括一个零件,在使用时该零件可容易地连接到把手306上,接着在使用后将该零件从把手306上脱离并丢弃。可取的是,O形圈334(见图25)用于密封主体304和把手306之间可拆卸连接处的周围。也可提供不同长度和/或不同内部容积的注射器主体304,用于满足目标点的特殊输送目的。可选的是,注射器柱塞308需要包括一种物质,例如聚异戊二烯橡胶,对注射器主体304的内壁形成运动密封配合,从而对物质302施加排出力。
柱塞前进机构312装在注射器把手306上,如图23和24中更好地表示。机构312连接在注射器柱塞308上。如图26和27所示,作用在柱塞前进机构312的力引起注射器柱塞308通过柱塞室310和注射器主体304轴向移动,从而将可流动的物质从主体304中排出。
所希望的是,柱塞前进机构312的结构适应容纳不同的输送物质。例如,在第一输送模式中,通过第一致动器314的转动,前进机构312使注射器柱塞308前进或后退一段设定距离。在第二输送模式中,通过第二致动器316的转动,前进机构312使注射器柱塞308前进或后退一段不同的设定距离。
在图示的实施例中,第一轴向位移大于第二轴向位移。从而操作者能通过致动器的转动在第一输送模式中比在第二输送模式更快速地从注射器主体304中排出物质302。从而操作者可以容易地从所需要的相对较快速大体积地排出可流动物质,转换到所需要的以小体积相对较慢且更加有计量地排出可流动物质。操作者也能在第一大体积输送模式中快速收回注射器柱塞308,以撤消注射器柱塞308作用在物质302上的压力,从而快速中止从注射器主体304中排出的物质流。启动和停止大体积流动和计量的小体积流动的能力可以快速地响应在原位的流动状态,从而在一个称为“溢出”(extravazation)的过程中,防止物质302在压力下的流过坚质骨中的裂纹、开口或空洞或者将其减少到最低程度。操作柱塞前进机构312达到不同的输送速率可以以不同方式完成。在图示的实施例中,柱塞前进机构312响应于转动力的作用,使注射器柱塞308前进。在这种结构中,可转动的第一和第二致动器或控制柄314和316装在注射器把手306的近端。在使用时,操作者一只手抓住注射器把手306,另一只手用力转动第一或第二控制柄314和316。如图26所示,在每次转动时第一控制柄314的转动使注射器柱塞308前进第一轴向位移,从而每一个转动量排出给定数量的物质302。如图27所示,每次转动时第二控制柄316的转动使注射器柱塞308较慢地前进第二轴向位移,从而每一次转动量排出较小体积的物质302。
在图示的实施例中(见图25),注射器柱塞308固定在具有慢前进螺纹的螺杆318末端。在图示的实施例中,在慢前进螺杆(slowadvancement screw)318的末端具有爪配合夹332,将柱塞308连接到螺杆318上。第二可转动控制柄316固定在慢前进螺杆318的相反一端,用于绕其轴线转动慢前进螺杆318。
具有螺纹的慢前进螺杆318本身装在外螺纹快速前进螺杆320的孔322中。慢前进螺杆318的外螺纹324与快前进螺杆320的孔322的内螺纹326啮合(见图25)。慢前进螺杆318绕其轴线的转动使慢前进螺杆318相对快前进螺杆(fast advancement screw)320运动,根据转动的方向前进或后退。从而导致装在螺杆318末端的注射器柱塞308也运动。
快前进螺杆320本身连接在第一控制柄314上,第一控制柄314可转动地连接在注射器把手306上。第一控制柄314包括环形的内螺纹孔328(见图25)。螺纹孔328与快前进螺杆320的外螺纹330啮合。如图23所示,当快前进螺杆320与第一控制柄314螺纹配合时,本身与快前进螺杆320螺纹啮合的慢前进螺杆318延伸到把手306中。注射器柱塞308装在慢前进螺杆318的末端,延伸到柱塞室310中。第一控制柄314绕快前进螺杆320的转动移动快前进螺杆320前进或后退,这取决于转动方向。慢前进螺杆318与快前进螺杆320一前一后运动,使注射器柱塞308响应于第一控制柄314的转动也在柱塞室310和注射器主体304中运动。如前所述,第二控制柄316的转动将同样独立地使慢前进螺杆318在快前进螺杆320中运动,同样地使注射器柱塞308在柱塞室310和注射器主体304中运动。注射器柱塞308在慢前进螺杆318或快前进螺杆320的一次转动中行进的距离和方向由配合的螺纹结构所控制。
在典型的实施例中,慢前进螺杆318的外螺纹324包括10度修正的右旋方螺纹(2G类,单头),每英寸16个螺纹。在这种结构中(见图27),顺时针转动慢前进螺杆318使注射器柱塞308朝注射器主体304的末端前进,逆时针转动慢前进螺纹318使注射器柱塞308从远离注射器主体304的末端退回。第二控制柄316转一圈使注射器柱塞308运动大约十六分之一(1/16)英寸。
同样地,在典型的实施例中,快前进螺杆320的外螺纹326包括10度修正的左旋方螺纹(2G类,三头),每英寸6个螺纹。在这种结构中(见图26),逆时针转动快前进螺杆320使注射器柱塞308朝远离注射器主体304的末端退回,顺时针转动快前进螺纹320使注射器柱塞308朝注射器主体304的末端前进。第一控制柄314转一圈使注射器柱塞308运动大约二分之一(1/2)英寸。这样,第一控制柄314的一次转动比第二控制柄316的一次转动能更快速地移动注射器柱塞308,每转动一圈致动器排出更多的物质302。
如上所述,柱塞前进机构312是手动操作的。应该理解的是,柱塞前进机构可以由电机或类似的装置操作。
图23到27所示的组件300可用于将物质310输送到由可扩张结构在松质骨内形成的空腔中,如同先前的描述以及图16和17所示。组件300也可以用于椎骨成形手术中,在压力下将粘合剂注射到椎体中,而不必事先形成空腔。
在典型实施例中,注射器把手306(可以由聚碳酸酯制成)的长度约为3.9英寸,宽度约为2.6英寸。注射器主体304(也可以由聚碳酸酯制成)的总长度约为5.1英寸,内腔的内径约为0.5英寸。
在此典型的实施例中,第一控制柄314(可以由CelconTM塑料制成)的形状是圆的,直径约为2.5英寸。快前进螺杆320(也可以由CelconTM塑料制成)的长度约为4.5英寸,外螺纹直径约为0.75英寸。内螺纹延伸的距离约为0.75英寸。
在此典型的实施例中,慢前进螺杆318(可以由CelconTM塑料制成)从第二控制柄316延伸的长度约为9.35英寸,外螺纹直径约为3/8英寸。第二控制柄316是椭圆形的,其长轴约为2.0英寸,短轴约为0.625英寸,高度约为1.5英寸。
本发明的特征和优点在下面的权利要求中体现。

Claims (10)

1.一种将可流动的物质注射到骨内的组件,包括:
管状主体,管状主体包括承载物质流的内孔,具有纵轴并包括分配端;
分配端的开口,与所述内孔相通,用于分配物质流;
至少部分地位于管状主体中的柱塞,柱塞适于沿管状主体的纵轴移动;
固定在柱塞上的前进机构,前进机构响应于第一输送推动将柱塞移动第一纵向位移,响应于第二输送推动移动第二纵向位移。
2.如权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于前进机构包括多个带螺纹的螺杆。
3.如权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于第一输送推动包括第一前进螺杆的转动。
4.如权利要求3所述的组件,其特征在于第二输送推动包括第二前进螺杆的转动,第一和第二前进螺杆是同轴取向的。
5.如权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于第一输送推动包括第一控制柄的转动。
6.如权利要求5所述的组件,其特征在于第一控制柄的转动使柱塞位移约二分之一(1/2)英寸。
7.如权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于第二输送推动包括第二控制柄的转动。
8.如权利要求7所述的组件,其特征在于第二控制柄的转动使柱塞位移约十六分之一(1/16)英寸。
9.如权利要求5所述的组件,其特征在于第一控制柄的顺时针转动使柱塞向管状主体中前进约二分之一(1/2)英寸,第一控制柄的逆时针转动使柱塞从管状主体中退回约二分之一(1/2)英寸。
10.如权利要求5所述的组件,其特征在于第一控制柄的顺时针转动使柱塞朝物质前进,第一控制柄的逆时针转动使柱塞离开物质。
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