CN1508402A - 从润滑油源中将钼输送到燃料燃烧系统 - Google Patents

从润滑油源中将钼输送到燃料燃烧系统 Download PDF

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CN1508402A
CN1508402A CNA03147084XA CN03147084A CN1508402A CN 1508402 A CN1508402 A CN 1508402A CN A03147084X A CNA03147084X A CN A03147084XA CN 03147084 A CN03147084 A CN 03147084A CN 1508402 A CN1508402 A CN 1508402A
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fuel
molybdenum
combustion
sulphur
compound
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CN100419225C (zh
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G・H・圭恩特
G·H·圭恩特
罗斯
J·W·罗斯
加托
V·J·加托
施瓦布
S·D·施瓦布
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Ethyl Corp
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种将钼从润滑油源中输送到燃烧系统或其废气中的设备和方法。通过本发明，润滑油或燃料中的钼与来自燃烧产物中磷、硫、和/或铅进行反应。照这样，钼对聚集于燃料或燃烧产物中的有害物质进行净化或使其失活，这些有害物质否则会毒害催化转化器、传感器和/或汽车携带的诊断设备。本发明也可使排气后处理系统耐用性提高。

Description

从润滑油源中将钼输送到燃料燃烧系统
技术领域
本发明涉及从润滑油源中将钼输送到燃料燃烧系统或其排气装置的设备和方法。通过本发明，来自润滑油的钼与来自燃烧产物的磷、硫、和/或铅进行反应。钼也可以作为被燃烧的燃料组分进入本发明的燃烧系统。在本发明中，钼对转移到燃料或燃烧产物中的有害物质进行净化或使其失活，否则这些物质就会毒害催化转化器、传感器和/或汽车携带的诊断设备。因此，本发明提供一种通过向其中引入钼来提高燃烧装置中燃烧燃料的燃烧效率的方法。本发明也可以使废气后处理系统耐用性提高。
背景技术
燃料燃烧系统存在的一个问题是其中的燃料含有，或可获得，或燃烧时会产生一种或多种金属(例如铅)、硫、和/或磷污染物，这些物质会毒害催化转化器、传感器和/或汽车携带的诊断设备或使它们退化。
以不希望的增长水平的某些排气装置中燃烧产物或副产物形式的这种污染物还会带来另外的问题。
由这些污染物带来的另一个问题是对后处理系统的不利影响。这些污染物包括燃料或空气中的磷、铅和硫元素，或它们的混合物。这些污染物也可进入燃料，或燃烧室，或来自发动机润滑油的燃烧废气流，该润滑油中常常具有含磷和含硫添加物，和与燃烧系统磨损有关的铅化合物。另外，废物焚烧炉中废发动机油的燃烧经常具有含钼润滑剂或抗氧化添加剂的油。
众所周知，汽车和其它燃烧系统消耗(即发动机燃烧)的油作为发动机或燃烧系统的运动机件的润滑油。润滑油进入燃烧系统和/或它的废气流有不同的途径。显然，润滑油的各种组分或添加剂也会被消耗或燃烧，这些组分或添加剂对燃烧系统的催化剂、后处理系统和排放都会有有害影响。
因此，希望抑制、减小或阻止组分(比如来自润滑油源、空气或燃料或以其它方式进入燃烧过程的磷、铅和/或硫)与燃烧废气流的有害反应，从而阻止催化剂的中毒，后处理系统故障和排放量的增加。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中，本发明提供了一种方法，该方法通过向燃烧装置或其废气流中引入有效量的钼来抑制、减小或阻止组分(例如来自润滑油源、任何加工助剂或辅助剂、燃料、燃料添加剂、空气或以其它方式进入燃烧过程的磷、铅和/或硫)与燃烧装置中燃烧废气流的有害反应，从而阻止催化剂的中毒，传感器中毒，后处理系统故障，和排放量的增加。
在另一个实施方案中，本发明提供了一种向燃料燃烧中添加有效量钼以便从燃料或燃料燃烧产物中净化磷、铅、和/或硫的系统。
本发明还涉及提高燃烧系统后处理设备耐用性的方法，其中该方法包括使烃燃料的燃烧产物与含有足以使钼与一种或多种选自所述产物中的磷、硫、铅或它们的化合物的污染物反应的量的钼的润滑油接触，以便减小与后处理设备接触的一种或多种污染物的数量。
此处的“钼”是指任何钼的化合物、源或物质，包括(但不限于)三氧化钼、单核和双核和三核磺酸钼、石炭酸钼、水杨酸钼、羧酸钼、二硫代氨基甲酸钼、中性和高碱性水杨酸钼、中性和高碱性石炭酸钼、中性和高碱性磺酸钼、钼酸铵、钼酸钠、钼酸钾、和钼卤化物，得自钼与胺和醇反应的化合物，和它们的组合物和混合物。市售含硫油溶性钼化合物有Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K.的Sakura-Lube 100、Sakura-Lube 155、Sakura-Lube 165、和Sakura-Lube 180，R.T.Vanderbilt公司的MolyvanA，Molyvan807和Molyvan882，和Crompton公司的Naugalube MolyFM。市售无硫和无磷油溶性钼化合物有Asahi DenkaKogyo K.K.的Sakura-Lube 700，和R.T.Vanderbilt有限责任公司的Molyvan856B，Molyvan855。
钼优选作为能挥发的油溶性添加物存在于润滑油中，从而进入燃烧室或废气流中。它也可通过“批量”消耗，也就是通过阀杆导承或在活塞环周围进入燃烧室。
此处的“基础油”是指一种选自石蜡族、环烷、芳族、聚-α-烯烃、合成酯、和多羟基酯、和它们的混合物的基础油。在一优选实施方案中，基础油含有小于或等于0.03wt％的硫，大于或等于90wt％的饱和化合物，而且粘度指数大于或等于80，并小于或等于120。在另一实施方案中，基础油含有小于或等于0.03wt％的硫，大于或等于90wt％的饱和化合物，而且粘度指数大于或等于120。在一更优选的实施方案中，基础油基本上不含硫。
此处的“净化”是指接触、结合、反应、掺合、化学键合、物理粘合、粘结、烧结、粘贴、失活、使惰性、消耗、合金化、聚集、清洁、消耗或其它任何方法或手段，从而第一物质使第二物质不能获得或难以获得。
此处的“相互作用”是指净化。
此处的“失活”是指净化。
此处的“烃燃料”是指含烃燃料，比如，但不限于，柴油燃料、喷气燃料、醇、醚、煤油、低硫燃料、合成燃料，如Fischer-Tropsch燃料、液态石油气、来自煤、基因工程生物燃料的燃料和庄稼以及它们的提取物、天然气、丙烷、丁烷、不含铅的发动机和航空汽油，和所谓的再合成汽油，该汽油一般含有汽油沸程的烃和燃料溶性氧化混合剂，如醇、醚和其它合适的含氧有机化合物。适用于本发明燃料的氧化剂包括甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、叔丁醇、混合醇、甲基叔丁基醚、叔戊基甲醚、乙基叔丁基醚和混合醚。使用时，氧化剂在再合成汽油燃料中的含量通常为低于约25％(体积)，优选为整个燃料提供氧含量为约0.5％至约5％(体积)的量。此处的“烃燃料”或“燃料”也可指含或不含钼的废弃或用过的发动机或电动机油，汽油、船用燃料、煤(粉尘或浆)、原油、精制“塔底油料”和副产物、原油提取物、有害废物、工场修整物和废物、木材碎片和锯屑、农业废料、草料、储藏的饲料、塑料和其它有机废物和/或副产物，和它们的混合物，以及它们在水、酒精或其它载流流体中的乳化液、悬浮液和分散体。此处的“柴油燃料”是指一种或多种选自柴油燃料、生物柴油、来自生物柴油的燃料、合成柴油和它们的混合物的燃料。烃燃料优选基本上不含硫，也就是指燃料中平均硫含量不超过约30ppm。由于本发明使用的燃料可包括含有钼摩擦改性剂或润滑添加剂的用过的或废弃的油，因此在本发明的净化和保护中的钼也可来自此类燃料，而不是来自润滑油或除来自润滑油.之外。
此处的“燃烧系统”和“设备”是指，举例来说(但不限于此)，任何柴油-电动混合车辆、汽油-电动混合车辆、双冲程发动机、任何和所有燃烧器和燃烧装置，包括，例如(但不限于此)固定燃烧器、废物焚化炉、柴油燃料炉、柴油燃料发动机、汽车柴油发动机、汽油燃料燃烧器、汽油燃料发动机、发电厂发电机等。受益于本发明的烃燃料燃烧系统包括所有的燃烧装置、系统、设备和/或燃烧燃料的发动机。此处的“燃烧系统”也是指任何和所有内部和外部燃烧设备、机械、发动机、涡轮发动机、喷气发动机、锅炉、焚化炉、蒸汽炉、等离子燃烧系统、等离子弧、固定火炉等能够燃烧烃燃料或烃燃料在其中能够燃烧的设备。
此处的“接触”是指两种或多种物质之间的接触、集合在一起、反应、复合、络和、结合、掺合、混合等，无论化学或物理反应或是变化发生与否。
此处的“基本上不含磷及其化合物”是指在润滑油或产生的废气流中元素磷及其化合物的含量小于约10ppm。如此低含量的磷在许多目前的润滑油配方中是必要的，而且可以预测人们会不断寻求(也许也是一种需求)更低磷含量的润滑油。润滑油中磷含量优选在1ppm至约1500ppm范围内。润滑油中磷含量更优选在500ppm至1200ppm范围内。
此处的“后处理系统”或“后处理设备”是指任何以设计用于氧化、还原或以其它方式处理燃烧产物的方式接触来自燃烧室燃烧产物的系统或设备。此类后处理系统的例子(但此处并不为了限制)包括汽车三相催化转化器、贫NOx捕集器、催化柴油微粒过滤器(“C-DPF”)和一个连续再生技术柴油微粒过滤器。“后处理系统”还包括相关的传感器(如O2传感器和NO2传感器)。类似的汽油燃烧后处理系统是众所周知的，在此处也包括在内作为本发明的派生好处。
可以理解，无论是前面的概述，还是后边的详述都仅仅是举例性和解释性的，本发明还可提供如权利要求的其它解释。
附图说明
图1为以每升燃料的金属毫克数表示的金属添加剂的温度效率。
图2为以相应金属的重量效率表示的金属添加剂的温度效率。
具体实施方式
在一更具体的实施方式中，本发明提供了一种减少在润滑油润滑的燃烧系统中烃燃料燃烧所产生的废气流中至少一种选自磷、铅、硫及其化合物污染物的量的方法，或降低其对废气排放后处理和控制设备的不利影响的方法，所述方法包括步骤：(a)用一种含有大量具有润滑粘度的基础油和少量一种或多种添加剂的润滑油润滑燃烧系统，该添加剂含有(i)至少一种有机硫化合物或至少一种有机磷化合物，或两者都含，和(ii)至少一种钼源；(b)在燃烧系统中燃烧烃燃料以产生含有至少一种选自硫、铅、磷、及其化合物的污染物的燃烧产物；和(c)将钼与燃烧产物中的硫、铅、磷和它们的化合物接触，从而使钼与硫、铅、磷、和/或它们的化合物相互作用。钼与硫、铅、磷、和/或它们化合物之间相互作用导致污染物的净化，从而取得几个有利的结果。通过净化至少一种，最好多种或所有污染物，有利的结果包括保持催化转化器的性能、保持传感器的性能，保持LNT的性能，保持柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)的性能。
本发明还提供一种提高燃烧系统中燃料燃烧以改善DPF性能(由降低热重量分析烟灰点火温度测定)的方法，所述方法包括向燃料燃烧系统中燃烧的燃料中引入改善燃烧量的钼，从而使热重量分析点火温度比不引入钼时的热重量分析点火温度低。
当汽车在润滑油中含钼的情况下操作时，沉积在汽车催化转化器上的磷、硫、铅就会少一些。根据本发明，当钼在燃料中或与燃料一起燃烧时，沉积在催化剂上的磷、硫和铅就会少一些。钼在燃烧或废气流中与磷和/或硫结合形成稳定的钼-磷和/或硫酸钼类化合物，这些化合物不会在催化剂上形成不能渗透的或渗透性较小的釉料。催化剂上不能渗透的釉料减少，通过，即，作为未转换的排放物通过的排放物就会减少。因此，希望燃烧系统和/或废气流中含有钼。
因此本发明提供了一种抑制暴露于燃烧装置中燃烧产物的催化剂表面上形成含磷、含硫、或含铅的渗透性减小的釉料的方法，其中该方法包括将钼与燃料燃烧产物接触，其中该产物含有至少一种选自含磷、含硫和含铅物质。含硫物质无论是否在催化剂表面形成含硫釉料都能毒害催化剂中的活泼金属。
由于含钼润滑油或燃料的燃烧产物中钼的存在而使磷、硫和铅保护以及排放量低的进一步的证据可从文献中得出，该文献(B.Delmon，“Recent Approachesto the Anatomy and Physiology of Cobalt Molybdenum HydrodesulfurizationCatalysts”，Proceedings of the Climax Third International Conference on theChemistry and Uses of Molybdenum，Ann Arbor，Mich.，8月19-23，1979，73-84页)教导，钼可用于在石脑油的重整反应和为降低汽油和柴油燃料中的硫而进行的加氢脱硫反应中保护铂催化剂不受硫的毒害。
作为另一好处，废气后处理系统中的钼可以预期净化铅以形成白色的，众所周知的正钼酸盐“PbMoO4”(熔点为1065℃)，也被称为钼铅矿(Cotton，F.A，和Wilkinson，G.：“Advanced Inorganic Chemistry，第5版，John Wiley&Sons.NewYork，805页)，同时阻止铅对废气排放后处理设备的毒害。
最重要的钼矿石是辉钼矿(MoS2)。由于MoS2的“天然稳定性”，该物质是在本发明中清楚地说明的Mo-S相互作用最可能形成的产物种类。钼的氧化物，当在硫源存在的情况下加热时，产生Mos2，这是在高温下最稳定的钼的硫化物。根据Cotton，该硫化物具有硫原子的紧密排列层的晶格，形成由钼原子填充的三角棱形空隙。因此通过净化硫，产物MoS2保护了废气后处理系统催化剂不受毒害。
因此，本发明确立在燃烧流中的钼通过将它们转换成硫化物、磷酸盐和钼酸铅来净化催化剂污染物。这些化合物产物进一步参与排放控制，如下面的例子所述。
例子：热重量分析(TGA)测试用来测定燃料溶性金属添加剂对最大烟灰氧化温度的影响。将在US EPA瞬时排放循环上应用的1998 Cummins M-11发动机产生的颗粒物质(PM)收集在石英纤维过滤器上。使用的油为在添加剂配方中含有ZDDP的重负荷柴油机油。油的元素分析结果如下(ppm)：磷(1264)、硫(4000)、锌(1437)、硼(407)、钙(3614)、和镁(18)。使用的基础油为含388ppm(重量)硫的2号柴油燃料。由此燃料，通过每升燃料添加20mg锶、锰和钼金属可分别得到三种另外的燃料。对每一单独的燃料，将在三个连续EPA重负荷瞬时循环中产生的PM用Pierburg PS2000A颗粒取样系统收集到单个过滤器上。随后采用一个型号2950的TA装置在每一装满PM的过滤器的一小部分上进行TGA。试样温度在所有操作中都在空气中大气压力下以20℃/分钟的速度升高。从重量随时间损失的图中，测定了最大烟灰氧化率时的温度。四批颗粒的TGA结果示于图1和2。图1以每升燃料的金属毫克数表示金属添加剂，而图2表示以相应金属重量效率计算的同一结果。两个图都表明，来自所用燃料和油中的硫和磷净化后，钼也将点火温度降低了157℃，从基础燃料的655℃降低到了含钼系统的498℃。这些结果说明在将硫、磷、和铅从燃烧/排放系统净化后，生成的钼产物在碳燃尽化学中仍是活性的，并导致烟灰的进一步降低(如图1和2所示)。如果排放控制系统含有任何种类的催化剂，例如一个连续再生柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)，或柴油氧化催化剂，和/或贫NOx捕集器(LNT)，那么这些排放控制装置就会免遭硫、磷和铅的毒害，从而只要钼净化剂是在系统中就可以保持它们的性能。钼与烟灰氧化中的系统催化剂的明显协同作用是润滑油中加入的钼的意想不到的附加净化好处。
可以理解，根据本发明被润滑油中的钼净化的污染物可以来自烃燃料燃烧时所用的空气。
在另一实施方案中，据本发明被润滑油中的钼净化的污染物可以来自烃燃料。
在本发明的另一实施方案中，被钼净化的污染物可以来自用于润滑燃烧系统的润滑油。
在一实施方案中，净化污染物的含钼润滑油可以放入、“漏入”、流入、渗入、压入、引入、吸入、或抽入，或以其他方式偶然或有意地进入到燃烧系统的燃烧室。在该实施方案中，污染物在燃烧过程期间或之后与钼相遇并反应，从而进行净化。因此，当含钼润滑油流到燃烧系统的一个阀门(比如，但不限于，汽车发动机的进气阀门或排气阀门)周围时，本发明方法的一个实施方案就实现了。用此方法，使钼与污染物相遇并反应，从而进行净化。
在另一实施方案中，使钼有意地或偶然地在通道中与污染物相遇，通过此过程含有污染物的燃烧产物从燃烧室中运输出去。在此方法中，净化在燃烧系统的燃烧室外进行。
在本发明的另一实施方案中，钼从润滑油中挥发，从而被带入到含有燃料的燃烧室内。
在另一实施方案中，燃烧系统采用预有的再回收工艺，从而将曲柄轴箱中的蒸汽再回收到入口歧管或燃烧室中。在这种方法中，使任何含有磷、硫、和/或铅污染物的润滑油与燃烧系统或排气装置中的钼相遇并发生反应。
在一个实施方案中，燃料或其燃烧排出的废气用少量钼进行处理，比如，燃料或燃烧废气中钼的含量约为20ppm或更少。
当燃烧燃料中包含含钼化合物的油时，不需要从润滑油源向燃烧装置或其废气中额外添加钼，本发明也可实现催化剂的保护和污染物的净化。
本发明在另一实施方案中提供了实施减少废气流中至少一种选自磷、铅、硫及其混合物的污染物的数量或降低其对废气排放后处理和控制设备有害影响的装置，其中该装置包括(a)适于燃烧烃燃料的燃烧室；(b)将烃燃料引入燃烧室的设备；(c)从燃烧室传输燃烧产物的设备；(d)含有大量具有润滑油粘度的基础油和少量一种或多种添加剂的润滑油，其中该添加剂含有(i)至少一种有机硫化合物，或至少一种有机磷化合物，或两者都有，和(ii)至少一种钼源；和(e)将润滑油引入燃烧产物的设备。该装置还可含有一个后处理装置或系统。
根据本发明的一个实施方案，润滑油中的有机硫化合物可以选自硫化烯烃、硫化脂和植物油、硫化不饱和酯和酰胺、无灰和含金属二硫代氨基甲酸盐、取代的噻二唑、硫化受阻酚、硫化烷基苯酚、中性含金属磺酸盐清净剂，高碱性含金属磺酸盐清净剂、中性含金属硫化石炭酸盐清净剂、高碱性含金属硫化石炭酸盐清净剂或它们的组合物和混合物。
根据本发明的另一实施例，润滑油中的有机磷化合物可以选自伯、仲和芳基中性和高碱性二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)，三烷基和三芳基亚磷酸盐，混合的烷基/芳基亚磷酸盐，烷基和芳基偶磷硫羟硫代硫酸盐，烷基和芳基偶磷硫代硫酸盐，和它们的组合物或混合物。
因此，可以相信，通过采用本发明，当燃烧系统的废气流中含有钼时，设备上(比如催化剂)探测到的磷含量可以大大降低。具体地，此类污染物的重量会减少20％以上，更优选地，通过本发明后处理设备探测到的污染物重量含量可以减少60％到80％。这就会大大有利于提高后处理设备和系统的耐用性。
本领域技术人员，根据本发明此处公开的说明书、附图和实施情况得到本发明的其它实施方案是显而易见的。说明书和附图仅仅是为了举例说明，本发明的实际范围和精神实质由以下的权利要求给出。

Claims (34)

1.一种降低在润滑油润滑的燃料系统中烃燃料燃烧所产生的废气流中至少一种选自磷、铅、硫及其化合物的污染物对废气排放后处理和控制设备有害影响的方法，所述方法包括的步骤：
(a)用含有大量具有润滑粘度的基础油和少量一种或多种添加剂的润滑油润滑燃烧系统，所述添加剂含有(i)至少一种有机硫化合物或至少一种有机磷化合物，或两者都含，和(ii)至少一种钼源；
(b)在燃烧系统中燃烧烃燃料以产生含有至少一种选自硫、铅、磷、及其化合物的物质的燃烧产物；
(c)使钼与燃烧产物中的硫、铅、磷和它们的化合物中的至少一种接触，从而使钼与硫、铅、磷、和它们的化合物中的至少一种反应。
2.如权利要求1的方法，其中燃烧产物中的硫、铅、磷和它们的化合物来自燃料。
3.如权利要求1的方法，其中燃烧产物中的硫、铅、磷和它们的化合物来自燃料燃烧所用的空气。
4.如权利要求1的方法，其中燃烧产物中的硫、铅、磷和它们的化合物来自润滑油。
5.如权利要求1的方法，其中废气流基本上不含磷及其化合物。
6.如权利要求1的方法，其中燃烧系统还包括后处理系统。
7.如权利要求6的方法，其中后处理系统选自催化柴油颗粒过滤器和连续再生技术柴油颗粒过滤器。
8.如权利要求1的方法，其中燃烧系统选自任何柴油-电动混合车辆、汽油-电动混合车辆、双冲程发动机、任何和所有燃烧器或燃烧装置，固定燃烧器、废料焚化炉、柴油燃料炉、柴油燃料发动机、汽车柴油发动机、汽油燃料炉、汽油燃料发动机、发电厂发电机、任何和所有内部和外部燃烧设备、机械、发动机、涡轮发动机、喷气发动机、锅炉、焚化炉、蒸汽炉、等离子燃烧系统、等离子弧、固定燃烧器和能够燃烧烃燃料或烃燃料在其中能够燃烧的设备。
9.如权利要求1的方法，其中烃燃料选自柴油燃料、生物柴油、由生物柴油得到的燃料、合成柴油、喷气燃料、醇、醚、煤油、低硫燃料、合成燃料，Fischer-Topsch燃料、液态石油气、来自煤的燃料、基因工程生物燃料和庄稼以及它们的提取物、天然气、丙烷、丁烷、不含铅的发动机和航空汽油，含有汽油沸程的烃和燃料溶性氧化混合剂的再合成汽油、汽油、船用燃料、煤(粉尘或浆)、原油、可含或不含钼的用过的发动机或汽车油、精制“塔底油料”和副产物、原油提取物、有害废物、工场修整物和废物、木材碎片和锯屑、农业废料、草料、储藏的饲料、塑料、有机废物和它们的混合物，和它们在水、酒精和其它载流流体中的乳化液、悬浮液和分散体。
10.一种实施如权利要求1方法的设备，所述设备包括：
(a)适于燃烧烃燃料的燃烧室；
(b)将烃燃料引入燃烧室的设备；
(c)从燃烧室传输燃烧产物的设备；
(d)含有大量具有润滑粘度的基础油和少量一种或多种添加剂的润滑油，该添加剂含有(i)至少一种有机硫化合物，或至少一种有机磷化合物，或两者都有，和(ii)至少一种钼源；和
(e)将润滑油引入燃烧产物的设备。
11.如权利要求10的设备，还包括(f)一个后处理系统。
12.如权利要求11的设备，其中后处理系统选自催化柴油颗粒过滤器和连续再生技术柴油颗粒过滤器。
13.如权利要求10的设备，其中该设备选自任何柴油-电动混合车辆、汽油-电动混合车辆、双冲程发动机、任何和所有燃烧器或燃烧装置，固定燃烧器、废料焚化炉、柴油燃料炉、柴油燃料发动机、汽车柴油发动机、汽油燃料炉、汽油燃料发动机、发电厂发电机、任何和所有内部和外部燃烧设备、机械、发动机、涡轮发动机、喷气发动机、锅炉、焚化炉、蒸汽炉、等离子燃烧系统、等离子弧、固定燃烧器，和能够燃烧或在其中能够燃烧烃燃料的燃烧设备。
14.一种提高燃烧系统后处理设备耐用性的方法，所述方法包括：使燃烧系统中烃燃料的燃烧产物与量足以使钼与一种或多种选自所述产物中的磷、硫、铅或它们化合物的污染物反应的钼源接触，从而减少与后处理设备接触的一种或多种污染物的量。
15.如权利要求14的方法，其中后处理设备上探测到的磷的量与如果钼不与所述产物接触而探测到的磷含量相比减少了20至80重量％。
16.如权利要求14的方法，其中后处理设备上探测到的硫的量与如果钼不与所述产物接触而探测到的硫量相比减少了20至80重量％。
17.如权利要求14的方法，其中后处理设备上探测到的铅的量与如果钼不与所述产物接触而探测到的铅量相比减少了20至80重量％。
18.如权利要求1的方法，其中润滑油中的有机硫化合物选自硫化烯烃、硫化脂和植物油、硫化不饱和酯和酰胺、无灰和含金属二硫代氨基甲酸盐、取代的噻二唑、硫化受阻酚、硫化烷基苯酚、中性含金属磺酸盐清净剂，高碱性含金属磺酸盐清净剂、中性含金属硫化石炭酸盐清净剂、高碱性含金属硫化石炭酸盐清净剂或它们的组合物和混合物。
19.如权利要求1的方法，其中润滑油中的有机磷化合物选自伯、仲和芳基中性和高碱性二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)，三烷基和三芳基亚磷酸盐，混合的烷基/芳基亚磷酸盐，烷基和芳基偶磷硫羟硫代硫酸盐，烷基和芳基偶磷硫代硫酸盐，和它们的组合物或混合物。
20.如权利要求1的方法，其中润滑油中的钼源选自三氧化钼、磺酸钼、石炭酸钼、水杨酸钼、羧酸钼、单核和双核和三核二硫代氨基甲酸钼、中性和高碱性水杨酸钼、高碱性石炭酸钼、高碱性磺酸钼、钼酸铵、钼酸钠、钼酸钾和钼的卤化物，得自钼与胺和醇反应的化合物和它们的组合物和混合物。
21.如权利要求1的方法，其中基础油选自石蜡族、环烷、芳族、聚-α烯烃、合成酯、多羟基酯、和它们的混合物。
22.如权利要求1的方法，其中基础油含有小于或等于0.03wt％的硫，大于或等于90wt％的饱和化合物，而且粘度指数大于或等于80，并小于或等于120。
23.如权利要求1的方法，其中基础油含有小于或等于0.03wt％的硫，大于或等于90wt％的饱和化合物，而且粘度指数大于或等于120。
24.如权利要求1的方法，其中的基础油基本上不含硫。
25.如权利要求1的方法，其中的烃燃料含有少量硫。
26.如权利要求1的方法，其中的烃燃料基本上不含硫。
27.如权利要求1的方法，其中的烃燃料含有少量硫并用氧化剂进一步处理。
28.如权利要求1的方法，其中的烃燃料基本上不含硫并用氧化剂进一步处理。
29.如权利要求1的方法，其中的烃燃料含有少量硫并用少量钼进一步处理。
30.如权利要求1的方法，其中的烃燃料基本上不含硫并用少量钼进一步处理。
31.一种改善由降低的燃烧颗粒产物热重量分析点火温度测定的燃料系统中燃料燃烧的方法，所述方法包括向燃烧系统的燃料燃烧中引入燃烧改善量的钼，从而使热重量分析点火温度比不引入钼时的热重量分析点火温度低。
32.一种抑制在暴露于燃料燃烧装置中燃烧产物中的催化剂表面含磷、含硫、或含铅的渗透性降低的釉料形成的方法，所述方法包括将钼与燃料燃烧产物接触，其中的产物含有至少一种选自含磷、含硫和含铅物质。
33.一种降低燃烧系统中含钼化合物的烃燃料燃烧产生的废气流中至少一种选自磷、铅、硫和它们的化合物的污染物对废气排放后处理和控制设备的有害影响的方法，所述方法包括的步骤：在燃烧系统中燃烧含钼化合物的烃燃料以产生含有至少一种选自硫、铅、磷和它们的化合物物质的燃烧产物，从而使钼与选自硫、铅、磷和它们化合物中的至少一种污染物进行反应。
34.如权利要求6的方法，其中后处理系统选自贫NOx捕集器和柴油氧化催化剂。
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