CN1511308A - 具有多径通信能力的医疗监测系统 - Google Patents

具有多径通信能力的医疗监测系统 Download PDF

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CN1511308A
CN1511308A CNA028105486A CN02810548A CN1511308A CN 1511308 A CN1511308 A CN 1511308A CN A028105486 A CNA028105486 A CN A028105486A CN 02810548 A CN02810548 A CN 02810548A CN 1511308 A CN1511308 A CN 1511308A
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transceiver
network
unit
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B・E・罗杰斯
B·E·罗杰斯
马拉布尔
W·R·马拉布尔
埃格斯
P·N·埃格斯
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Cardionet LLC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q9/00Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/004Alarm propagated along alternative communication path or using alternative communication medium according to a hierarchy of available ways to communicate, e.g. if Wi-Fi not available use GSM
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0015Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
    • A61B5/0022Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/67ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00Network topologies
    • H04W84/18Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00Surgery
    • Y10S128/903Radio telemetry
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00Surgery
    • Y10S128/904Telephone telemetry

Abstract

一套医疗监测系统包括一个传感器系统,传感器系统包括一个与病人有关的传感器和一个远程监测单元。远程监测单元包括一个与传感器系统通信的一个微处理器以及与微处理器通信的一个便携式监测单元收发信机系统。便携式监测单元收发信机系统具有一个陆地线路收发信机和/或一个蜂窝电话收发信机以及一个第三网络收发信机如寻呼网收发信机。当利用陆地线路收发信机和蜂窝电话收发信机的通信链路存在时,可通过陆地线路收发信机或蜂窝电话收发信机传送完全的数据组,而当利用陆地线路收发信机和蜂窝电话收发信机的通信链路都不存在时,可通过第三网络收发信机传送减化的数据组。

Description

具有多径通信能力的医疗监测系统
技术领域
本发明涉及利用远程监测单元的医疗监测系统,且尤其涉及以前所未有的更宽广覆盖范围为远程监测单元提供通信链路。
背景技术
传感器技术、电子学和通信技术的提高,使病人即使是在不卧床、也不与医院监测系统保持持续直接的联系时,都可能对病人的生理特征进行监测。例如,美国第5,959,529号专利描述了一个监测系统,其中病人携带一个具有相关生理传感器的远程监测装置。根据病人的医疗问题,诸如心跳及其波形,该远程监测装置对病人的一个或多个生理特征进行连续的监测。
这些便携式监测系统的一个重要目标是与一中央单元建立联系,而该中央单元再与医护人员和医疗记录联系。建立联系的能力使中央单元得以判断是否存在关于病人的医疗紧急情况,并在这种紧急情况下对病人提供医疗帮助。建立联系的能力对病人心理上的作用也是重要的,因其使病人知道自己并不孤单,没有失去联系。
目前,当病人处于一个陆地线路接入已经具备的地方时,便携式监测系统可通过陆地线路建立对中央单元的通信链路,或者在不能实现陆地线路接入或紧急情况突然发生时,通过蜂窝电话系统建立通信链路。但是,本发明的发明人认识到,在美国和其它国家的许多地方没有蜂窝电话通信链路的事实,妨碍了现有的医疗监测系统的使用。蜂窝电话网络的缺乏是由于蜂窝系统基础设施不能置于相对遥远的地方,或即使是处于蜂窝电话收发信机单元站点的覆盖范围内,蜂窝电话信号也不能穿透建筑物而进入其内部。结果是,远程监测单元在许多地方不能与中央单元通信。病人因此不能在这些地方获得紧急帮助,结果感觉自己是孤立的。
因此就需要有改进的方法,以保证医疗监测系统的远程监测单元可进行广域通信。本发明满足这一要求并进一步提供了相关优点。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种具有远程监测单元的医疗监测系统,该远程监测单元能在全美国和世界上大多数的地方实现完全的通信覆盖。这种通信覆盖包括广阔的地理区域,以及还包括诸如有时不可为蜂窝电话覆盖的建筑物内部等地方。这种完全通信覆盖允许远程监测单元在紧急条件下与中央单元通信。同样重要的是,被监测的病人可以放心地知道自己再不会彻底失去与医疗救助的联系。实现本发明方案的费用相对并不昂贵,这是因为系统基础设施已经就位并正在运行,而且本发明方案可适用于将出现的新通信技术。对远程监测单元的必要补充对于远程监测单元的体积、重量和能量消耗增加很少。
根据本发明,一套医疗监测系统由一个传感器系统和一个远程监测单元组成,该传感器系统包括病人携带的传感器。远程监测单元则包括一个与传感器系统通信的微处理器以及一个与微处理器通信的便携式监测单元收发信机系统。便携式监测单元收发信机系统包括至少一个收发信机,该收发信机选自包括陆地线路收发信机和基本无线网络(primary wireless-network)收发信机的一组收发信机并优选同时包括这二种收发信机,该基本无线网络收发信机例如为蜂窝电话收发信机。便携式监测单元收发信机系统还可包括一个第三网络收发信机,如寻呼网收发信机。便携式监测单元收发信机系统优选包括陆地线路收发信机、蜂窝电话收发信机和寻呼网收发信机。
该套医疗监测系统典型地还包括一个中央单元,它包括支持与便携式监测单元收发信机系统通信的中央单元收发信机。
第三网络优选为寻呼系统,但也可以是其它类型,如海事卫星网络、紧急情况网络或其它网络。如同今天在其它领域中所使用的寻呼系统一样,这一寻呼系统的目的是:向用户传送相对有限的信息,典型为一个短消息,提醒用户进行某种进一步联系或做一个简短的回答。在一种典型的情况下,用户被提醒打电话与传送短消息的人联系。可选择的是,寻呼网有相对小的带宽。虽然受限于此,双向寻呼网具有重要的优势,那就是它通过轨道通信卫星或天线系统工作从而使其有非常广阔的覆盖范围,且其工作频率使得其信号可穿透到并可使用于一些不允许进行蜂窝通信的地方。寻呼网具有额外的优点,即其基础设施已经就位并处于运行中。
本发明人已认识到,为紧急医疗监测通信而使用的寻呼网不允许其进行像蜂窝电话或陆地线路通信那样高数据速率的传输。但是在大带宽通信无法使用的紧急情况下,病人与中央单元之间的较有限的通信胜于二者之间没有通信。
因此在本体系中,远程监测单元的微处理器通常包含有一个第一处理例程和一个第二处理例程,其中该第一处理例程在具备经过陆地线路或蜂窝系统的收发信机的通信链路时,通过这些系统传送一个完全的数据组,而该第二处理例程在不具备经过陆地线路或蜂窝系统收发信机的通信链路时,通过寻呼网(或其它第三网络)收发信机来传送一个减化的数据组。例如,第一处理例程传送完全的生理信息,如心脏病人的一个完整的心跳波形,而第二处理例程则传送减化的数据组,如心率、波形分类、以及由远程监测单元计算的根据心跳波形而本地导出的其它计算信息。可选择的是,远程监测单元可通过寻呼系统进行多次传输,但是即使在这种情况下,也不可能以等同于陆地线路或蜂窝通信系统的速率传送来自传感器的完全的生理信息。
本发明为医疗监测系统建立了通信分级制。该医疗监测系统在远程监测单元与中央单元之间优选具有两个基本的通信路径:陆地线路电话系统和如蜂窝网络系统的无线链路。这些通信路径中的每一个都具有较大的通信带宽并可承载大量的数据。但在不具备基本通信系统的情况下,通常具有较窄带宽的第三网络备用系统就为确定监测的情况而提供最低限度的数据组。
由以下对优选实施例结合附图进行的更详尽的描述,本发明的其它特点和优点是显而易见的,以下描述以示例形式阐明了本发明的原理。但是本发明的范围并不限于该优选实施例。
附图说明
图1是医疗监测系统的一个原理图;和
图2是通信操作方法的一个方框流程图。
具体实施方式
图1说明医疗监测系统20的一个优选实施例。医疗监测系统20包括传感器系统22,它具有与病人相关的传感器。传感器系统22可监测病人的许多生理特征中的任何一种特征,如心跳波形、血压、脑信号、血液化学特征,等等。传感器系统22与远程监测单元(RMU)24通信,它可由病人携带或物理上距离病人较近。传感器系统22与远程监测单元24之间的通信可以是有线或无线形式,如通过短程无线频率链路。
远程监测单元24包括与传感器系统22通信的微处理器26。微处理器26完成必要的计算并监视也是远程监测单元24的一部分的便携式监测单元收发信机系统28的运行。便携式监测单元收发信机系统28与中央单元(CU)30通信,中央单元30具有中央单元收发信机系统32,中央单元收发信机系统32支持便携式监测单元收发信机系统28中各种类型的通信,后文将对此进行阐述。中央单元30还包括中央单元微处理器34,中央单元微处理器34与中央单元收发信机系统32协作,执行其它分析和控制功能。除了后文将阐述的内容,美国第5,959,529号专利描述了医疗监测系统20的一种优选形式的总体特征,其在本文中被结合作为参考资料。
便携式监测单元收发信机系统28包括第三网络收发信机35。第三网络收发信机35优选是一个可应用于寻呼网的双向寻呼网收发信机,后文将集中讨论该优选实施例。然而,第三网络收发信机35也可以是其它备用类型,如一种特殊的紧急情况网络收发信机、一种海事卫星收发信机,等等。
图1的实施例包括寻呼网收发信机36及其天线38,其有选择地建立与中央单元30的第三网络链路(在这种情况下是一个寻呼网链路)。寻呼网收发信机36,可利用遍及美国和世界上其余大多数地方的现有的寻呼网进行操作。与寻呼网的通信几乎在美国的每一个地方和世界上其余大多数地方都是可以实现的。在户外、在建筑物内部、在飞机和在轮船上也是可以实现的。寻呼网原来只能借助由卫星向寻呼单元传送的信号进行单向操作,但现在已可使用双向形式的寻呼,如同术语“收发信机”,一个技术上已得到认同的“发射机/接收机”的缩略语,所表示的意义。也就是说,双向寻呼收发信机36可通过现有的寻呼系统接收信息,或向中央单元收发信机32传送信息。
便携式监测单元收发信机系统28进一步包括蜂窝电话收发信机40及其天线42,蜂窝电话收发信机40是作为基本无线网络的收发信机。蜂窝电话收发信机40有选择地建立与中央单元30的蜂窝电话链路。蜂窝电话收发信机36利用美国大部分地区和世界上其它一些地方现有的单元站点的网络来工作。蜂窝电话通信链路可应用于露天、单元站点范围内的大多数汽车内部、及许多建筑物内部,但其经常不能使用于一些建筑物、飞机或轮船内部。蜂窝电话收发信机40可接收信息,或者通过蜂窝网络向中央单元收发信机32传送信息。
便携式监测单元收发信机系统28进一步包括陆地线路收发信机44及其插座46。陆地线路收发信机44有选择地建立与中央单元30的陆地线路链路。陆地线路收发信机44利用遍及美国大部分地区和世界上其它大部分地方现有的陆地线路系统(还可包括陆地线路的微波链路)来进行操作。只要有插头的连接,通过电话交换中心,就可提供陆地线路通信链路,但需要对插头进行物理接入限制了病人的移动。陆地线路收发信机44可接收信息,或通过陆地线路系统向中央单元收发信机32传送信息。
图2描述了当需要在远程监测单元24与中央单元30之间实现通信时的一系列步骤。首先确定需要进行通信(标记编号60)。这一步典型地发生在远程监测单元24确定它需要与中央单元30进行通信时,但也可发生在中央单元确定它需要与远程监测单元进行通信时。这里对前一种情况进行详细讨论,但这些内容同样适用于后一种情况。
如果存在陆地线路链路,就可利用陆地线路收发信机44。这就是,微处理器26通过陆地线路收发信机44寻求向中央单元30开通一条陆地线路通信链路(标记编号62)。如果插座46没有插头,或不能以其它方式拨号连接中央单元30时,则微处理器26即通过蜂窝电话收发信机40寻求向中央单元30开通一条蜂窝电话链路(标记编号64)。使用陆地线路收发信机44要优于使用蜂窝电话收发信机40,因为如果存在陆地线路通信的话,它更可靠、更安全、且通常费用更低。
如果可通过陆地线路收发信机44或蜂窝电话收发信机40建立通信链路,则微处理器26利用其存储的第一处理例程,通过这些大带宽的通信通道中的任一个传送一个完全数据组。这是希望医疗监测系统20采用的运行模式,因为可利用其完全的数据容量,。
但是如上所述,有些情况下由于诸如不能利用陆地线路系统、不能利用蜂窝电话系统、蜂窝电话系统的用户过载、在蜂窝系统的频带中有无线通信干扰等等原因,陆地线路链路和蜂窝电话链路都不能使用。在这种情况下,就使用寻呼网(或其它第三网络)收发信机36(标记编号66)。由于寻呼网的通信带宽窄,微处理器26典型地利用其存储的第二处理例程,该第二处理例程通过寻呼网链路进行判断,并传送一个减化的数据组。在有些情况下,当传感器系统22获得一个小量数据如单个的血液化学数值时,通过寻呼网收发信机即可传送这个完全的数据组。在其它情况下,当传感器系统22获得一个较大量数据如心跳波形时,则即使运用数据压缩技术也不可能传送这个完全的数据组。写入的第二处理例程就仅仅选择由传感器系统22收集的最重要的数据,或是从所收集的数据计算出辅助数据,以便通过寻呼网收发信机36进行传送。例如,对于心跳的情况,第二处理例程可计算出心率(每分钟的心跳次数)、波幅、及完全心跳信号的选定部分的波形特征,以便在寻呼网的带宽限制下进行传输。第二处理例程通常不选择声音或其它音频信号进行传输。这种减化的数据组虽然不像一个完全的数据组那样完整,但对于中央单元30监测和帮助病人来说,远远比完全没有信息和没有联系要更好和更有用。即使在可能无法传输完全的数据组的情况下,仍可能在远程监测单元24与中央单元之间执行多个串行通信以传送更多的数据。减化数据组的内容和第二处理例程的内容的选择,要由每个病人的具体情况和所监测的数据类型来决定。
基于认识到在许多情况下有限的通信都要好于没有通信,以及认识到通信的可用性和带宽之间的权衡,本发明提供了一种通信分级制。在下表中概括总结了一些当前可使用的通信链路,其中陆地线路是一种有线连接,而其它通信链路是无线的。但是,需要强调的是,本发明的应用不局限于这些类型的通信链路,还包括其它现有的或将来的通信链路:
通信链路 中心频率(MHZ) 带宽(定性)
陆地线路 -- 很大
模拟蜂窝电话 859 中等
数字CDMA蜂窝电话 800
数字PCS CDMA蜂窝电话 1900
摩托罗拉Reflex寻呼 900 中等
Celemetry寻呼 859 很小
因此,医疗监测系统的便携式监测单元收发信机系统最好包括陆地线路收发信机和数字蜂窝收发信机。但是当不能通过这些通信链路进行通信时,可使用寻呼系统之一作为备用系统。在很多情况下,即使通过小带宽或中等带宽的寻呼系统进行的数据通信也比没有通信要好。
虽然为了说明的目的,这里详细描述了本发明的一个特定的实施例,但在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以作出多种的变化和改进。因此,除了所附的权利要求,本发明的范围并不受到限制。

Claims (16)

1.一种医疗监测系统,包括:
传感器系统,其包括与病人有关的传感器;和
远程监测单元,其包括:
与该传感器系统通信的微处理器;和
与该微处理器通信的便携式监测单元收发信机系统,该便携式监测单元收发信机系统包括:陆地线路收发信机;基本无线网络收发信机;和第三网络收发信机。
2.根据权利要求1的医疗监测系统,其中该基本无线网络收发信机包括蜂窝电话收发信机。
3.根据权利要求1的医疗监测系统,其中该第三网络收发信机包括寻呼网收发信机。
4.根据权利要求1的医疗监测系统,其中该第三网络收发信机包括双向寻呼网收发信机。
5.根据权利要求1的医疗监测系统,其中有第三网络用该第三网络收发信机进行操作,该第三网络与用基本无线网络收发信机进行操作的基本无线网络相比,具有较小的数据带宽。
6.根据权利要求1的医疗监测系统,其中该医疗监测系统进一步包括:
中央单元,其包括:支持与该便携式监测单元收发信机系统进行通信的中央单元收发信机。
7.根据权利要求1的医疗监测系统,其中该远程监测单元的该微处理器包含有:
第一处理例程,其:当经过陆地线路收发信机的通信链路存在时,通过该陆地线路收发信机传送完全的数据组;而且,当经过该基本无线网络收发信机的通信链路存在而经过该陆地线路收发信机的通信链路不存在时,通过该基本无线网络收发信机传送完全的数据组;和
第二处理例程,其当经过该陆地线路收发信机和该基本无线网络收发信机的通信链路都不存在时,通过该第三网络收发信机传送减化的数据组。
8.一种医疗监测系统,包括:
传感器系统,其包括与病人有关的传感器;和
远程监测单元,其包括:
与该传感器系统通信的微处理器;和
与该微处理器通信的便携式监测单元收发信机系统,该便携式监测单元收发信机系统包括寻呼网收发信机。
9.根据权利要求8的医疗监测系统,其中该医疗监测系统进一步包括:
中央单元,其包括:支持与该便携式监测单元收发信机系统进行通信的中央单元收发信机。
10.一种医疗监测系统,包括:
传感器系统,其包括与病人有关的传感器;和
远程监测单元,其包括:
与该传感器系统通信的微处理器;和
与微处理器通信的便携式监测单元收发信机系统,该便携式监测单元收发信机系统包括:至少一个从陆地线路收发信机和基本无线网络收发信机组成的一组收发信机中选择的收发信机;以及第三网络收发信机。
11.根据权利要求10的医疗监测系统,其中该基本无线网络收发信机包括蜂窝电话收发信机。
12.根据权利要求10的医疗监测系统,其中该第三网络收发信机包括寻呼网收发信机。
13.根据权利要求10的医疗监测系统,其中该医疗监测系统进一步包括:
中央单元,其包括:支持与该便携式监测单元收发信机系统进行通信的中央单元收发信机。
14.根据权利要求10的医疗监测系统,其中该远程监测单元的微处理器包含有:
第一处理例程,其当经过该至少一个收发信机的通信链路存在时,通过该至少一个收发信机传送完全的数据组;和
第二处理例程,其当经过另外的该至少一个收发信机的通信链路不存在时,通过该第三网络收发信机传送一个减化的数据组。
15.一种完成从远程监测单元到中央单元通信的方法,包括以下步骤:
确定该远程监测单元需要对该中央单元进行通信;
如果陆地线路链路存在,则该远程监测单元通过该陆地线路链路与该中央单元进行通信;
如果该陆地线路链路不存在,则该远程监测单元通过蜂窝链路与该中央单元进行通信;和
如果该陆地线路链路和该蜂窝链路都不存在,则该远程监测单元通过第三网络链路与该中央单元进行通信。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中该第三网络链路是寻呼网链路。
CNA028105486A 2001-04-23 2002-04-22 具有多径通信能力的医疗监测系统 Pending CN1511308A (zh)

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