CN1532691A - 用于在壳层浏览器中用户更改元数据的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于在壳层浏览器中用户更改元数据的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1532691A
CN1532691A CNA031241700A CN03124170A CN1532691A CN 1532691 A CN1532691 A CN 1532691A CN A031241700 A CNA031241700 A CN A031241700A CN 03124170 A CN03124170 A CN 03124170A CN 1532691 A CN1532691 A CN 1532691A
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J·B·库尔茨
J·C·哈利
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D·J·谢尔登
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D·G·德沃切克
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T·K·比姆
C·J·古扎克
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    • G06F3/04847—Interaction techniques to control parameter settings, e.g. interaction with sliders or dials
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
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    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/04842—Selection of displayed objects or displayed text elements
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Abstract

一种用于用户在壳层浏览器中更改元数据的系统和方法。在壳层浏览器的一个窗口中显示一组数据项和相关联的元数据值。一个编辑控件使用户能更改在该窗口中显示的元数据值。用户可以更改与某个欢迎面板、某个所选择数据项或多个所选择数据项相关联的元数据。一个存储在一种或多种计算机可读取媒介上的数据结构包含了与在壳层浏览器中显示的数据项相关联的元数据，包括也是在该壳层浏览器中显示的用户可更改元数据。

Description

用于在壳层浏览器中用户更改元数据的系统和方法
                             技术领域
本发明一般涉及计算机软件领域，尤其涉及一种用于在壳层或文件系统浏览器中提供改善的用户体验，使用户可以较容易地根据与某个数据项相关联的元数据来识别该数据项的系统和方法。
                             背景技术
随着更多的个人在他们的日常事务中利用计算机，而储存的信息类型多样化为图片、音乐、文档等时，对容易地识别存储在计算环境如个人计算机(PC)中的数据项的需求就引人注目地增长了。文档和媒体一般以层次方式存储在计算机上，组织成存储在文件夹内的媒体或信息文件。文件系统浏览器使用户能在文件系统中导航，定位和打开文件和文件夹。例如，Mircosoft Corporation的WINDOWS EXPLORERTM就是一个操作系统工具，使用户能浏览文件系统。
许多用户发现难以根据当前在传统文件系统浏览器中可用的信息来正确地识别文件。当然一个文件的内容可以通过用一个应用程序打开它来检验，但这种浏览文件的方法是极端低效的。在文件系统浏览器内察看关于一个文件的元数据的能力可以大大地帮助用户识别特定的文件，而不必打开它。例如，在Mircosoft Corporation的WINDOWS 9X操作系统中，用户可以通过访问某个特定对象的属性表来察看对象元数据。属性表以某种标签了的类似索引卡片的属性页选项的形式向用户显示一个对象的性质或设定的列表，每个选项都反映了用于定制参数的标准对话框风格的控件。然而，使用属性表来定位数据项可能很慢很麻烦，而且有些用户发现难以在一个属性表中定位相关的元数据。类似地，使用信息提示来定位数据项也可能很慢很麻烦，因为为了察看在信息提示中显示的有限的元数据，用户必须将鼠标光标停留在每个文件上。
传统的文件系统浏览器不允许用户输入和编辑关于文件和文件夹的元数据，而这能显著地增强用户稍后定位该文件的能力。至今为止，用户输入和编辑元数据的能力只限于特殊用途的软件程序。例如，用于电子音乐文件的媒体播放器显示给用户编辑与音乐册和艺术家相关联的元数据的能力。另一个这样的程序的例子包括用于电子图片文件的应用程序。然而，媒体播放器和其它这样的程序的使用只限于由该程序所支持的特定文件类型，与支持多种文件类型的通用文件系统浏览器正相反。
Mircosoft Corporation的WINDOWS XP操作系统包含了一个用于MyPicture文件夹中的图像浏览器。My Picture文件夹被赋予了特殊的特性，使用户能将图片作为照片而不只是作为文档图标来察看。My Picture的图像浏览特性包括察看指甲尺寸和大版本的照片、旋转斜拍的照片以及创建幻灯片的能力。用户还可以察看一幅照片的细节，如它的尺寸、拍摄的日期和时间，以及拍摄它的相机的名称。在My Picture文件夹中的预览控制区域包含了一幅用户选择图像的放大了的预览图像、帮助用户在一系列图片中重复的重复按钮，以及用于按顺时钟或逆时钟方向旋转图片的控件。虽然WINDOWS XP的图像浏览特性通过减轻对调用一个应用程序以察看与操作图片的需求推进了现有技术，但用户仍然不能输入和编辑与该图片相关联的元数据。
因此，就需要一个在壳层或文件浏览器内的改善了的用户体验，使用户能容易地根据与某个数据项相关联的元数据来定位该数据项。还需要一种在不调用应用程序的情况下而使用户能在壳层浏览器内输入和编辑与各种类型的数据项相关联的元数据的系统和方法。
                             发明内容
本发明通过提供一种用于在壳层浏览器中用户更改元数据的系统和方法来满足了上面的需求，并克服了已有技术的一个或多个不足。在本发明的一个方面中，提供了一个包括一个窗口和一个编辑控件的壳层浏览器。窗口显示一组数据项，还显示与这些所显示的数据项中的一个或多个相关联的元数据值。编辑控件允许用户更改在窗口中显示的这些元数据值的至少一部分。
本发明的另一个方面是一个在某种计算机可读取媒介上实现的，并在一台计算机上执行的图形用户界面。该图形用户界面包括用于在壳层浏览器中显示一组数据项的第一个屏幕区域，和显示与所显示的这些数据项中的一个或多个相关联的元数据的第二个屏幕区域。该图形用户界面还呈现给用户在壳层浏览器内用于更改这些所显示的元数据的手段。
在本发明的另一个方面中，提供了计算机实现的方法，用于使用户能在壳层浏览器内更改元数据。一种这样的方法包括显示多个数据项，接收来自用户的表示对至少一个所显示数据项的选择的第一个输入，显示与所选择的数据项相关联的元数据，以及提供一个用于用户更改所显示的元数据的编辑控件。另一种这样的方法包括显示一个欢迎面板和提供一个用于用户更改所显示的元数据的编辑控件。
本发明的另一个方面是一个包含了与在壳层浏览器中所显示的一个或多个数据项相关联的元数据的数据结构。该数据结构存储在一种或多种计算机可读取媒介上，包括一个包含与所显示的一个或多个数据项相关联的用户可更改元数据的数据域，而包含在数据结构中的该用户可更改元数据也在该壳层浏览器中显示。
                             附图说明
下面参照所附的图示来详细描述本发明，其中：
图1是适合用于实现本发明的一个计算系统环境的方框图；
图2A是根据本发明某个实施例所述的一个具有一个编辑控件的壳层浏览器的示例性图形用户界面的方框图；
图2B是根据本发明某个实施例所述的一个具有一个或多个编辑控件的壳层浏览器的示例性图形用户界面的方框图；
图3是一个在壳层浏览器中的欢迎面板的示意图；
图4是一个在壳层浏览器中的选择后面板的示意图；
图5是根据本发明的某个实施例所述的包括一个使用户能在壳层浏览器中更改元数据的上下文环境菜单的图4的选择后面板的示意图；
图6是如本发明的某个实施例所述的图示一种使用户能在壳层浏览器中更改在欢迎面板中显示的元数据的方法的流程图；
图7是如本发明的某个实施例所述的图示一种使用户能在壳层浏览器中更改在选择后面板中显示的元数据的方法的流程图；以及
图8是包含与在壳层浏览器中显示的某个数据项相关联的用户可更改元数据的一个数据结构的方框图。
                        具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种系统和方法，用于在壳层浏览器中提供改善的用户体验，使用户可以较容易地根据与某个数据项相关联的元数据来识别该数据项。下面描述了用于本发明的一个示例性操作环境。
总体上参照附图，特别是首先参照图1(其中相同参考号在多个图形中标识了相应的部分)，显示了一个用于实现本发明的示例性操作环境，并将其普遍性地指定为操作环境100。该计算系统环境100只是合适的计算环境的一个示例，并不意味着对本发明的使用范围或功能的任何限制。计算环境100不能解释成对在示例性操作环境100中所图示的任一个部分或其组合的任何依赖或要求。
本发明可以以计算机可执行指令的一般上下文环境来描述，如由计算机执行的程序模块。一般而言，程序模块包括执行特定任务或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、对象、组件、数据结构等。而且，本领域的技术人员将明白本发明可以以多种计算机系统配置来实现，包括手持设备、多处理器系统、基于微处理器的或可编程的消费电子产品、小型计算机、大型计算机，以及诸如此类。本发明也可以以分布式计算环境来实现，其中由通过通信网络连接的远程处理设备来执行任务。在一个分布式计算环境中，程序模块可以位于本地和远端的包括存储器存储设备的计算机存储媒介中。
参照图1，一个用于实现本发明的示例性系统100包括一个计算机110形式的通用计算设备，该计算机110包括一个处理单元120、一个系统存储器130，和一个将包括系统存储器130的多种系统部件连接到处理单元120的系统总线121。
计算机110一般包括多种计算机可读取媒介。举例而言(但非限制)，计算机可读取媒介可以包括计算机存储媒介和通信媒介。计算机存储媒介的实例包括(但不限于)，随机访问存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电子可拆卸可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪存或其他存储器技术、CD-ROM、数字多功能盘(DVD)或其它光学或全息盘片存储器、盒式磁带、磁带、磁盘存储器或其它磁存储设备，或任何可用以存储所希望的信息并可由计算机110访问的其它媒介。系统存储器130包括易失和/或非易失存储器(如ROM 131和RAM 132)形式的计算机存储媒介。在ROM 131中一般存储着一个基本输入/输出系统133(BIOS)，它包含(如在启动期间)帮助在计算机110内元件间传输信息的基本例程。RAM 132一般包含可立即由处理单元120访问的和/或正在处理单元120上执行的程序模块和/或数据。举例而言(但非限制)，图1图示了操作系统134、应用程序135、其它程序模块136和程序数据137。
计算机110还可以包括其它可拆卸/不可拆卸、易失/非易失的计算机存储媒介。仅举例而言，图1图示了一个读取或写入不可拆卸的非易失磁媒介的硬盘驱动器141、一个读取或写入可拆卸的非易失磁盘152的磁盘驱动器151，和一个读取或写入可拆卸的非易失光盘156(如CD-ROM或其它光媒介)的光盘驱动器155。其它可以在该示例性操作环境中使用的可拆卸/不可拆卸、易失/非易失的计算机存储媒介包括(但不限于)盒式磁带、闪存单元、数字多功能盘、数字录影带、固态RAM、固态ROM，以及诸如此类。硬盘驱动器141一般通过一个不可拆卸存储器接口(如接口140)与系统总线121相连。磁盘驱动器151和光盘驱动器155一般通过一个可拆卸存储器接口(如接口150)与系统总线121相连。
上面所讨论并在图1中图示的这些驱动器和与其相关的计算机存储媒介为计算机110提供计算机可读取指令、数据结构、程序模块和其它数据的存储。举例而言，硬盘驱动器141被图示成存储操作系统144、应用程序145、其它程序模块146和程序数据147。请注意这些部件可以与操作系统134、应用程序135、其它程序模块136和程序数据137相同，也可以不同。一般，存储在RAM中的操作系统、应用程序以及诸如此类都是从硬盘驱动器141读取的相应系统、程序或数据的一部分，该部分根据所希望的功能而在大小和范围上有变化。操作系统144、应用程序145、其它程序模块146和程序数据147在这里都被给予了不同的编号，以说明它们至少可以是不同的拷贝。用户可以通过输入设备将命令和信息输入计算机110，如键盘162、指示设备161(通常指鼠标、轨迹球或触摸板)、无线输入接收部件163或无线源(如遥控器)。其它的输入设备(未示出)可以包括话筒、游戏杆、游戏手柄、卫星天线、扫描仪或诸如此类。这些以及其它的输入设备经常是通过用户输入接口160连接到处理单元120，该接口与系统总线121连接，但可以由其它接口和总线结构来连接，如并行口、游戏端口、IEEE 1394端口，或通用串行总线(USB)，或红外(IR)总线。
显示设备191也通过一个接口(如视频接口190)连接到系统总线121。显示设备191可以是显示计算机110的输出的任何设备，不限于监视器、LCD屏、薄膜晶体管(TFT)屏、平板显示器、传统电视或屏幕投影仪。在显示设备191以外，计算机还可以包括其它外围输出设备，如扬声器197和打印机196，它们可以通过输出外围接口195来连接。
本发明中的计算机110将在一个使用与一个或多个远端计算机(如远端计算机180)的逻辑连接的联网环境中运作。远端计算机180可以是一台个人计算机，一般包括上面关于计算机110所描述的多个或所有元素，尽管在图1中只图示了存储器存储设备181。在图1中所描述的逻辑连接包括局域网(LAN)171和广域网(WAN)173，但也可以包括其它的网络，如到城域网(MAN)、内联网或互联网的连接。
当在一个LAN联网环境中使用时，计算机110通过一个网络接口或适配器170连接到LAN 171。当在一个WAN联网环境中使用时，计算机110一般包括一个调制解调器172或其它手段，以与WAN 173(如互联网)建立通信。调制解调器172(可以是内置或外置的)可以通过网络接口170或其它适当的机制连接到系统总线121。调制解调器172可以是有线调制解调器、DSL调制解调器或其它的宽带设备。在联网的环境中，关于计算机110所描述的程序模块(或其部分)可以存储在远端的存储器存储设备中。举例而言(但非限制)，图1将远端应用程序185图示成驻留在存储器设备181上。能够明白，所示出的网络连接是示例性的，也可以使用在计算机间建立通信链路的其它手段。
尽管计算机110的许多其它内部部件都没有示出，但相关领域的一般技术人员能明白，这样的部件和互连是众所周知的。举例来说，在计算机110中加入多种扩展卡(如电视调谐卡和网卡)是很常规的。因此，关于计算机110的内部构造的额外细节不需要联系本发明来披露。
当计算机110打开或重启时，存储在ROM 131中的BIOS 133指示处理单元120从硬盘驱动器141将操作系统(或其必需的部分)载入RAM 132。一旦该操作系统的复制部分(指定为操作系统144)载入到RAM 132中后，处理单元120就执行该操作系统代码，使与操作系统134的用户界面相关的可视元素显示到显示设备191上。一般当用户打开某个应用程序时，就从硬盘驱动器141读取该程序代码和相关数据，并将必需的部分复制到RAM 132中，在此所复制的部分以参考号135表示。
如前面所提到的那样，本发明可以以计算机可用指令的普通上下文环境中来描述。计算机可用指令包括可由一台或多台计算机或其它设备所使用的函数、过程、模式、例程、代码段和模块。这些计算机可用指令构成一个接口，使计算机能根据某个输入源来作出反应。这些指令与其它代码段合作，来回应从所接收数据的来源接收到的数据，启动多种任务。
转到图2A，一个窗口200表示了一个用于壳层浏览器的图形用户界面的屏幕大小的显示区域。窗口200包含一个预览面板区域202和一个察看区域204。预览面板202可以包括一个预览控件206、一个用户界面(UI)或编辑控件208和一个任务控件210。一般，预览控件206会显示给用户所预览数据项(如某个所选择的文件)的一幅图像或其它视觉显示。预览控件206还显示给用户多个控件，如使用户能通过点击一个鼠标按键而将焦点从一个数据项移动到下一个的重复按钮。与一个或多个数据项相应的元数据或与数据项容器相应的元数据可以在窗口200内的多个位置显示。例如，编辑控件和元数据可以在编辑控件区域208内共处在一起，这样该编辑控件区域就不仅包括所预览数据项的主要属性的显示，还显示给用户对元数据进行编辑的选项。任务控件210则包含与命名空间和/或选择项相关的任务。
就本发明的目的而言，术语“元数据”和“用户可更改元数据”不包括壳层数据项的名称。术语“壳层数据项名称”指用于在壳层浏览器内排序和显示数据项目的属性。如上面所提到的那样，本发明的一个独特的方面就是用户在壳层浏览器内编辑元数据的能力。
相关领域的技术人员会明白，本发明预期了在窗口200内呈现可选的特性。例如，预览控件206和任务控件210对本发明的目的而言就不是基本的特性。而且，在本发明范围内还有其它未在图2A中示出的非基本特性，如一个包括重复按钮或显示/隐藏按钮的工具条，这样用户就可以打开/关闭该预览面板。不过，这些以及其它可选的特性可以帮助用户容易地在壳层浏览器中定位某个特定的数据项。
察看区域204提供对一个或多个数据项212(如文件系统文件或文件夹)的一个列表视图。术语“列表视图”指在一个容器内的数据项的一个枚举或列表。术语“数据项”或“壳层数据项”在此可互换使用，指可以在一个列表视图中表示的文件、文件夹或其它类似容器，和其它非文件的对象。非文件对象的例子可以包括(但不限于)联系人、偏好和电子邮件信息。术语“壳层浏览器”和“文件系统浏览器”在此可互换使用，指使用户能在包括文件和其它非文件数据项的命名空间中导航的浏览器。
相关领域的技术人员会明白，本发明预期了用于窗口200的许多可能的设计和布局。例如，在图2A中预览面板202显示在察看区域204的上面。然而，其它的布局(如将预览面板202和察看区域204并排放置)也显然是在本发明的范围之内。编辑控件208的位置也不依赖于所显示元数据的位置和任何其它控件的位置。还有许多可能的视图类型用于在列表视图区域204中所描述的数据项，如细节、幻灯片、胶片、指甲图像、拼图、图标等。
图2B与图2A类似，除了察看区域204由以详细模式显示数据项212的察看区域214所替代。如一般对于以详细模式显示的壳层数据项那样，数据项212在察看区域214的左边对齐成一列，而一个或多个列标题216构成一组包含元数据218的列的第一行，这些元数据与位于同一行的数据项相对应。重要的是，本发明预期了用户通过窗口200内任何位置一个或多个编辑控件208的实例化来将某个元数据的值显式地改变成另一个值的能力。例如，可以在预览面板202和/或察看区域214内提供一个编辑控件。举例来说，可以在察看区域214内提供一个起初对用户不可见的编辑控件。这一控件可以在如用户在元数据218上停留而后点击它进入编辑模式时来实例化。
接着参照图3，提供了在壳层浏览器中的一个欢迎面板300的示意图示。欢迎面板有时候指一个“无选择”的面板，因为它表示一个与选择项相反的命名空间或容器。如果用户尚未作出选择，预览面板302就显示有关于该文件夹或壳层库的元数据304和关键任务。如果有需要，任务可以分成首要任务306和其它相关任务308。欢迎面板300还包括一个察看区域310，在其中可以察看多个文件或其它数据项312。欢迎面板的元数据300可以包括如该容器(如“我的图片”)属性的信息，此时该元数据显示可能是静态的。可替换地，欢迎面板的元数据300也可以包括如来自该容器内各个数据项的元数据采样的信息，此时该元数据显示可能会经常变化。例如，该元数据显示可能一次限于一个数据项的属性，而每30秒从一个数据项循环到下一个。
图4是在壳层浏览器中一个选择后的面板400的示意图示。与欢迎面板相反，选择后的面板表示用户的一个选择。如果用户选择了一个容器或文件夹，则选择后的面板就不必与用于该容器或文件夹的欢迎面板相同。在图4中，选择后的面板400包括一个预览面板402，而该预览面板包含一个预览控件404、一个元数据显示406和一个任务显示408。象(在图3中的)欢迎面板300一样，选择后的面板400也包括一个察看区域410，在其中可以察看多个文件或其它数据项412。但是，在图4中，用户已经选择了这些文件中的一个。因而，预览控件404显示所选择文件的一个预览图像，元数据显示406显示所选择文件的属性，而任务显示408则提供用于在所选择文件上操作的相关任务的一个菜单。
图5是一个图4的选择后面板的示意图示，但包括使用户能如本发明某个实施例所述的那样在壳层浏览器中更改元数据的上下文菜单500。在图5中的上下文菜单500显示给用户几个用于改变所选择的元数据的选项。在该菜单500中所示的普通文本当然只是可以向用户显示以编辑所显示元数据的选项类型的一个示例。上下文菜单可以在任何窗口(包括欢迎面板)中提供，以改善用户体验。如那些相关领域的技术人员会明白的那样，本发明可以支持任何数量和种类的上下文菜单。就本发明的目的而言，一种使用户能在壳层浏览器中更改所显示元数据的手段是提供一种上下文菜单(如上下文菜单500)。举例来说，用户可以通过在预览面板中的相应文本或对象上点击来唤出上下文菜单。
那些相关领域的技术人员会明白，本发明预期了除上下文菜单以外的其它手段用于使用户能在壳层浏览器内更改所显示元数据。另一种这样的手段是用户在元数据上点击以进入编辑模式。可相对照的是，用户可以通过在预览面板中的相关文本或对象上停留来进入编辑模式。有大量的可替换的手段可用，并在本发明的范围之内。
图6是如本发明的某一实施例所述的图示一种使用户能在壳层浏览器内更改显示在欢迎面板中的元数据的方法600的流程图。该方法600包括在602显示一个欢迎面板和与该欢迎面板相关联的元数据。而后，在604，该方法提供一个用于用户更改所显示元数据的控件。当在606用户操作该控件更改所显示元数据时，则该方法在608将更改后的元数据与该欢迎面板相关联，这样就可以在下次显示该欢迎面板时显示该更改后的元数据。
图7是如本发明的某一实施例所述的图示一种使用户能在壳层浏览器内更改显示在选择后面板中的元数据的方法700的流程图。在702，该方法700首先显示多个数据项，如在一个欢迎面板中的数据项和在一个选择后面板中的数据项。当在704用户选择这些数据项中的一个或多个时，该方法在706显示与所选择的数据项相关联的元数据。在708，该方法提供一个用于用户更改所显示元数据的控件。当在710用户操作该控件更改所显示元数据时，则该方法在712将更改后的元数据与所选择的数据项相关联，这样就可以在下次显示该所选择的数据项时显示该更改后的元数据。
如果在704用户选择了多个数据项，则所显示的元数据可以包括所选择数据项的交叉属性、属性的某种结合，或可能与所选择数据项相关的某个新属性。可替换的是，所显示的元数据也可以包括来自各个所选择数据项的元数据的循环采样(如每30秒从一个所选择数据项的元数据循环到下从一个所选择数据项的元数据)。也有可能使由选择所有数据项所产生的元数据的显示和由无选择所产生的元数据的显示相同。
图8是一个包含与在壳层浏览器中所显示的一个数据项相关联的用户可更改元数据的数据结构800的方框图。数据结构800包括一个指示该数据项的名称的标题数据域802。如果是非文件数据项，则该标题数据域802可能包含用以在一个列表视图中按字母排序该数据项的所有属性的名称。该数据结构800包括一个用户可编辑属性数据域804，该数据域包含与所显示数据项相关联的一个或多个属性，而该用户可编辑属性与该所显示数据项在壳层浏览器中一起显示的。该数据结构800还可能可选地包括一个只读属性数据域806，该数据域包含与该所显示数据项相关联并值得在壳层浏览器中显示的只读属性。考虑到在壳层浏览器中显示元数据的尺寸限制，在数据域804和806中的属性的数量也是有限的。因此，该数据结构800还可以可选地包括一个全部属性数据域808，该数据域包含一个与所显示数据项相关联的到含有所有属性或元数据的位置(如某个属性页)的链接或指针。当然，如果数据域804和806包含了与所显示数据项相关联的所有属性，则该全部属性数据域808就不必要了。该数据结构800存储在一种或多种计算机可读取媒介上(如在某个文件系统或壳层中)，以便在壳层浏览器内提供丰富的存储视图以及因此改善了的用户体验。
本发明实现了在传统壳层浏览器中不可能的许多场景。第一个实例是，一个学生可以用预览面板来管理她的项目。当获得作为她正在从事的项目一部分的新的文档时，她可以在她的文件库中选择这些文档，并用编辑控件将文档作者的名字和项目的名称输入关键词数据域。现在这些新的文档就将以她所喜欢的视图来显示：“按关键词分组并按作者排序的文档”。由本发明实现的新场景的第二个实例包含一个为将到来的某次广告活动寻找资料的雇员。在用壳层浏览器浏览其雇主的相片收藏后，他从预览面板选择几幅图片并添加一个新的关键词“2003年夏季活动”。在对多个选择更新元数据后，他围绕关键词，可以察看所有分组在一起的“2003年夏季活动”文件。对于相关领域的技术人员，还有许多利用本发明优点的其它场景将变得显明。
通过回顾说明书(包括附图)，本发明的可选实施例和实施方法对那些相关领域的技术人员将变得显明。因此，本发明的范围是通过所附的权利要求，而不是前面的描述来定义的。

Claims (56)

1、一种壳层浏览器，其特征在于包含：一个显示一组数据项的窗口，其中该窗口还显示与这些所显示数据项中的一个或多个相关联的元数据值；以及一个允许用户更改在该窗口中显示的至少一部分元数据值的编辑控件。
2、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的该组数据项包括一个或多个文件。
3、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的该组数据项包括一个或多个非文件对象。
4、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的该组数据项包括一个或多个文件夹。
5、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的该组数据项包括一个文件夹和该文件的内容。
6、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的该壳层浏览器支持多种数据项类型。
7、如权利要求6所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的多种数据项类型包括音乐文件、图片文件和/或文档文件。
8、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的元数据值在该窗口中的一个预览面板区域显示。
9、如权利要求8所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的该组数据项在该窗口中的一个列表视图区域中显示。
10、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的该组数据项是回应来自用户的某个输入而显示。
11、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中在用户只选择该组数据项中一个数据项的情况下所显示的元数据值只与该数据项相关联。
12、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中在用户选择多个所显示的数据项的情况下所显示的元数据值与这些数据项相关联。
13、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中在用户未选择任何数据项的情况下所显示的元数据值与该组数据项全部相关联。
14、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中在用户选择所有数据项的情况下所显示的元数据值与该组数据项全部相关联。
15、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的用户更改元数据值包括填加、编辑和/或删除元数据值。
16、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的所有所显示的元数据值都是用户可更改的值。
17、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的第一部分所显示的元数据值是只读的值，而第二部分所显示的元数据值是用户可更改的值。
18、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的编辑控件在窗口中在所显示的元数据值附近被显示。
19、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于在用户把鼠标停留在用户可更改的所显示元数据值上的时候显示编辑控件。
20、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的编辑控件包括一个或多个上下文菜单。
21、如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器，其特征在于其中的编辑控件配置成在用户点击一个所显示的元数据值并且如果该元数据值是用户可更改的时，允许用户更改该元数据值。
22、一种存储在一种或多种计算机可读取媒介上的操作系统，其特征在于该操作系统包含如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器。
23、一种计算机，其特征在于包括一个中央处理单元、一个存储器，以及一个包含如权利要求1所述的壳层浏览器的操作系统。
24、一种在一种或多种计算机可读取媒介上实现的并可在某台计算机上执行的图形用户界面，其特征在于该图形用户界面包括：回应用户的某个输入而在壳层浏览器中显示一组数据项的第一个屏幕；显示与这些所显示的数据项中的一个或多个相关联的元数据的第二个屏幕；以及壳层浏览器中用于实现用户对所显示元数据的更改的手段。
25、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中的该组数据项包括一个或多个文件。
26、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中的该组数据项包括一个或多个非文件对象。
27、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中的该组数据项包括一个或多个文件夹。
28、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中的该组数据项包括一个文件夹和该文件的内容。
29、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中的该壳层浏览器支持多种数据项类型。
30、如权利要求29所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中的多种数据项类型包括音乐文件、图片文件和/或文档文件。
31、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中在用户只选择该组数据项中一个数据项的情况下所显示的元数据值只与该数据项相关联。
32、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中在用户选择多个所显示的数据项的情况下所显示的元数据值与这些数据项相关联。
33、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中的所显示的元数据值与该组数据项全部相关联。
34、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中的用户更改元数据包括填加新的元数据和/或编辑所显示的元数据。
35、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中的用于实现用户更改的手段包括一个或多个上下文菜单。
36、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中的用于实现用户更改的手段配置成允许用户在点击所显示的元数据时更改元数据值。
37、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中的用于实现用户更改的手段位于第一个屏幕区域内。
38、如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面，其特征在于其中的用于实现用户更改的手段位于第二个屏幕区域内。
39、一种存储在一种或多种计算机可读取媒介上的操作系统，其特征在于该操作系统包含如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面。
40、一种计算机，其特征在于包括一个中央处理单元、一个存储器，以及一个包含如权利要求24所述的图形用户界面的操作系统。
41、一种用于使用户在壳层浏览器内更改元数据的计算机实现的方法，其特征在于该方法包含：显示多个数据项；从用户接收表示选择至少一个所显示数据项的第一个输入；显示与该至少一个所选择的数据项相关联的元数据；以及提供一个用于用户更改该所显示元数据的控件。
42、如权利要求41所述的计算机实现的方法，其特征在于进一步包含：从用户接收表示对所显示元数据的更改的第二个输入；以及将该更改了的元数据与该至少一个所选择的数据项相关联，这样在下次显示该所选择的数据项时就能显示该更改了的元数据。
43、如权利要求41所述的计算机实现的方法，其特征在于其中的第一个输入表示选择两个或多个所显示的数据项，而所显示的元数据与所有这些所选择的数据项相关联。
44、如权利要求41所述的计算机实现的方法，其特征在于其中的所显示的数据项都是壳层数据项，如文件、文件夹和/或非文件对象。
45、一种或多种计算机可读取媒介，其特征在于包含用于实现如权利要求41所述的方法的计算机可执行指令。
46、一种或多种计算机可读取媒介，其特征在于包含用于实现如权利要求42所述的方法的计算机可执行指令。
47、一种用于使用户在壳层浏览器内更改元数据的计算机实现的方法，其特征在于该方法包含：显示一个欢迎面板和与该欢迎面板相关联的元数据；以及提供一个用于用户更改该所显示元数据的控件。
48、如权利要求47所述的计算机实现的方法，其特征在于进一步包含：从用户接收表示对所显示元数据的更改的一个输入；以及将该更改了的元数据与该欢迎面板相关联，这样在下次显示该欢迎面板时就能显示该更改了的元数据。
49、如权利要求47所述的计算机实现的方法，其特征在于其中的所显示的数据项都是壳层数据项，如文件、文件夹和/或非文件对象。
50、一种或多种计算机可读取媒介，其特征在于包含用于实现如权利要求47所述的方法的计算机可执行指令。
51、一种或多种计算机可读取媒介，其特征在于包含用于实现如权利要求48所述的方法的计算机可执行指令。
52、一种或多种在其上存储了一个包含与在壳层浏览器中所显示的一个或多个数据项相关联的元数据的数据结构的计算机可读取媒介，其特征在于该数据结构包括：包含与该所显示的一个或多个数据项相关联的用户可更改元数据的第一个数据域，其中在该数据结构的第一个数据域中所包含的用户可更改元数据也显示在该壳层浏览器中。
53、如权利要求52所述的一种或多种计算机可读取媒介，其特征在于其中的在该数据结构的第一个数据域中所包含的用户可更改元数据包括以前的用户更改。
54、如权利要求52所述的一种或多种计算机可读取媒介，其特征在于其中的所显示的数据项是如文件、文件夹和/或非文件对象这样的数据项。
55、如权利要求52所述的一种或多种计算机可读取媒介，其特征在于其中的该数据结构进一步包括包含与该所显示的一个或多个数据项相关联的只读元数据的第二个数据域，其中该只读元数据也显示在该壳层浏览器中。
56、如权利要求55所述的一种或多种计算机可读取媒介，其特征在于其中的该数据结构进一步包括包含到与该所显示的一个或多个数据项相关联的所有元数据的链接的第三个数据域，其中该链接也显示在该壳层浏览器中。
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