CN1541425A - 透明平面体 - Google Patents

透明平面体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1541425A
CN1541425A CNA028156250A CN02815625A CN1541425A CN 1541425 A CN1541425 A CN 1541425A CN A028156250 A CNA028156250 A CN A028156250A CN 02815625 A CN02815625 A CN 02815625A CN 1541425 A CN1541425 A CN 1541425A
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active layer
layer
photoelectric cell
transparent
electrode layers
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克里斯托夫・布拉贝克
克里斯托夫·布拉贝克
・格劳茨
埃哈德·格劳茨
・帕丁格
弗朗茨·帕丁格
弗特齐・塞达尔
萨里齐弗特齐·塞达尔
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Konarka Austria Forschungs- und Entwicklungs GmbH
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Konarka Austria Forschungs- und Entwicklungs GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G02F1/13324—Circuits comprising solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Abstract

本发明涉及一种带有两个透明覆盖层(1、2)的透明平面体，在两覆盖层间封闭着位于两个电极层(6、7)之间的活性层(3)，所述两个电极层(6、7)可选地可再细分为若干部分，该活性层(3)的透明度在电场中发生变化；且该平面体还带有光电元件(5)，该光电元件(5)优选地通过控制台(11)与电极层(6、7)相连，且其包括处于两电极层(6、8)之间的光敏层(4)。为了提供简单的结构，本发明提出，光电元件(5)的光敏层(4)按已知方式由两种透明的分子成分构成；活性层(3)的两个电极层(6、7)之一同时也是光电元件(5)的电极层(6、8)之一；而且，两个透明覆盖层(1、2)在它们之间封闭着光电元件(5)以及活性层(3)。

Description

透明平面体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种透明平面体，其带有两个透明覆盖层，在两覆盖层间封闭着位于两个电极层之间的活性层，可选择地，两个电极层可再细分为若干部分，该活性层的透明度在电场中发生变化；该平面体还带有光电元件，该光电元件优选地通过控制台与电极层相连，且其包括处于两电极层之间的光敏层。
背景技术
能够控制自身透明度的透明平面体，例如由液晶显示装置形成的或者是在窗玻璃中的透明平面体，包括：位于两电极层之间的活性层，可选择地，两电极层可再细分为若干部分，该活性层的透明度在电场中发生变化，控制活性层所需的电场通过该活性层至少施加在各个部分中。当使用液晶显示时，在各层中基本平行的液晶分子形成向列旋转单元(nematic rotary cells)，同时，当加载电场时，液晶分子在电场的方向上旋转，而且在切断电压之后，液晶分子从电场取向状态返回到扭曲结构(twisted structure)。通过在活性层的两个覆盖层上使用偏振滤镜，能够使电场取向状态在光吸收的作用下变为可见。另一方面，电致变色的活性层是基于两种无色或仅有轻微颜色的一方面可氧化另一方面又可还原的物质的配合工作的，这两种物质，其中之一在电压作用下被还原，而另一个则被氧化，同时至少它们的其中之一变得有颜色。在切断电压之后，两种原始氧化还原物质又会退化，即处于脱色或减色状态。由于无论活性层的结构如何，形成用于控制活性层透明度的电场都需要较低的电能，因此，光电元件是用作电源的一个显然的选择，因为，由于光电元件具有光敏性，就能够对活性层的透明度实现简单的独立控制。用于此目的的光电元件的缺点是，它们需要有足够大的接受光辐射的暴露面，从而保证所需的电能供给。为达成此目的所需的空间越大，效率就越低。这具体适用于光敏层不是如传统技术般基于硅的光电元件，但不适用于共轭塑料材料(conjugated plastic material)，共轭塑料中，双键与单键以交替方式连续排列。因此，在半导体中得到了与电子能量相当的能带，从而通过半导体搀杂，可将它们从非导电状态变为金属式的导电状态。为了提高由共轭聚合物制成的光电聚合物电池的能量转化效率，已知(US 5,670,791 A)由两种分子成分构成的光敏层，即以共轭聚合物作为电子供体，以富勒烯(fullerene)作为电子受体。此方法使得能够基本避免发生电荷载流子复合，尽管这能在一定程度上提高效率，但与硅基光电元件相比，效率还是太低。
发明内容
因此，本发明所基于的目的是，通过光电元件和控制活性层所需的电能，即通过相对较少量的构造工作(constructional effort)，提供一种上述类型的透明平面体，并且无需提供额外的空间用于安放光电元件。
本发明达成此目的方式为，光电元件的光敏层按已知方式由两种透明的分子成分构成；活性层的两个电极层之一同时也是光电元件的电极层之一；而且，两个透明覆盖层在它们之间封闭着光电元件和活性层。
由于使用了由两种透明分子成分作为电子供体和电子受体而制成的光电元件与光敏层，所以透明平面体本身能够用作光电元件的载体，从而使光电元件能够在透明平面体的整个表面上展开。即使是在能量转化效率较低的情况下，还是能够提供足以控制透明平面体的活性层的电能。除了光电元件具有相对较大表面积这一因素之外，由于将透明平面体的活性层的两个电极层之一用作光电元件的电极、而该光电元件的光敏层又在透明平面体的这个电极层上形成，所以能够保持较低的构造工作量。这不仅意味着可以将透明平面体的活性层与光电元件的光敏层之间的透明覆盖层省略。而且还意味着生产用于透明平面体活性层侧面上光电元件的单独电极层所需的相当大量的工作也可以省略。透明平面体的活性层以及光电元件的光敏层都封闭在两个共用的透明覆盖层之间，其还允许对透明平面体和光电元件进行共同密封。
由于自身透明度可控的平面体的电源要能保证大致不受分别选定的透明度的影响，所以，应该将光电元件设置在活性层的面对光源的一侧。
附图说明
本发明的主题内容以示例方式在图中示出，在图中，以示意剖视图方式示出了根据本发明的透明平面体。
具体实施方式
根据图示的实施例，该透明平面体包括两个由玻璃或塑料制成的透明覆盖层1、2，在其间一方面封闭着用于控制透明度的活性层3，另一方面封闭着光电元件5的光敏层4。活性层可以按普通方式设计成电致变色层，其受到两相邻电极层6和7之间的电场的作用，通过它来控制活性层3的透明度。所述电极层6和7优选地由氧化铟锡(ITO)构成。与传统平面体相比，在两个电极层6、7中，只有其中之一施加在了透明覆盖层1上。离开透明覆盖层1的电极层6同时也是光电层4的电极层，光电层的另一电极层8与覆盖层2相连。可设计为多个层的光电元件5的光敏层4由作为电子供体的共轭聚合物与作为电子受体的富勒烯构成。空穴集电极层(hole-collecting electrodelayer)6由透明的导电氧化物构成，而光电元件5的电子集电极层8可以由以真空镀膜方式镀在光敏层4上的铝构成。因为层厚较小，金属电极层8也是透明的。
在光照对共轭聚合物产生激励时，电子释放到光敏层4的富勒烯，导致分别的电压积累。由于电极层8通过电子连接部分9电连接到活性层3的电极层7的电子连接部分10，公共电极层6导致光敏层4中的电压积累在电极层6与7之间产生电场，该电场控制活性层3的氧化还原物质的化学反应，并进而控制其颜色表现。为了影响这种控制，可在两个电连接部分9和10之间的电联接中插入各自的控制台11。
当活性层3不是由电致变色物质制成而是基于液晶时，则这将改变活性层3的功能，但不会改变其通过光电元件5产生的触发。如附图中点划线所示，覆盖层1和2需要各自具有偏振层12和13，以便利用液晶分子在电场方向上的排列来遮蔽透明平面体。
尽管透明平面体在图中以窗玻璃的形式示出，但本发明并不限于此实施例。相反，其还可用在与液晶显示装置的连接中。为此目的，将电极层7再分别细分，并且应依次独立触发各个部分，以便通过对活性层3的液晶晶元的呈矩阵图案排列的各个液晶晶元产生上述触发而得到显示内容。
控制透明度的活性层3与用作活性层3控制的电源的光电元件5在公共的透明平面体中结合在一起而形成了简单的构造条件，这种简单的构造条件使得两层3和4能够共用位于活性层3与光敏层4之间的电极层6以及透明覆盖层1和2。而且，因为仅需要采用密封条14将覆盖层1和2之间的边缘上的间隙密封，所以可以将两层3和4一起密封。覆盖层1和2之间的距离可由间隔件15保证，优选地，间隔件15承载电连接部分9和10。

Claims (2)

1.一种透明平面体，其带有两个透明覆盖层，在两覆盖层间封闭着位于两个电极层之间的活性层，所述两个电极层可选地可再细分为若干部分，该活性层的透明度在电场中发生变化；且该平面体还带有光电元件，该光电元件优选地通过控制台与电极层相连，且其包括处于两电极层之间的光敏层，该透明平面体的特征在于，光电元件(5)的光敏层(4)按已知方式由两种透明的分子成分构成；活性层(3)的两个电极层(6、7)之一同时也是光电元件(5)的电极层(6、8)之一；而且，两个透明覆盖层(1、2)在它们之间封闭着光电元件(5)以及活性层(3)。
2.如权利要求1所述的透明平面体，其特征在于，光电元件(5)设置在活性层(3)的面对光源的一侧。
CNA028156250A 2001-08-07 2002-05-31 透明平面体 Pending CN1541425A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1231/2001 2001-08-07
AT0123101A AT409902B (de) 2001-08-07 2001-08-07 Lichtdurchlässiger flachkörper

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CN1541425A true CN1541425A (zh) 2004-10-27

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US (1) US7196834B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1415352A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4128528B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1541425A (zh)
AT (1) AT409902B (zh)
CA (1) CA2456213A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2003015189A1 (zh)

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CN110235056A (zh) * 2017-02-10 2019-09-13 金泰克斯公司 用于电致变色器件的透明光伏涂层

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ATA12312001A (de) 2002-04-15
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CA2456213A1 (en) 2003-02-20
JP4128528B2 (ja) 2008-07-30
US7196834B2 (en) 2007-03-27
US20040233502A1 (en) 2004-11-25
AT409902B (de) 2002-12-27
WO2003015189A1 (de) 2003-02-20

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