CN1550219A - 用于椎弓根螺钉的器械系统 - Google Patents

用于椎弓根螺钉的器械系统 Download PDF

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CN1550219A
CN1550219A CNA2004100631448A CN200410063144A CN1550219A CN 1550219 A CN1550219 A CN 1550219A CN A2004100631448 A CNA2004100631448 A CN A2004100631448A CN 200410063144 A CN200410063144 A CN 200410063144A CN 1550219 A CN1550219 A CN 1550219A
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screw
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西蒙·卡苏特
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尼姆罗德·迈尔
马克·胡贝尔
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CT PULSE ORTHOPEDICS Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7002Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
    • A61B17/7019Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other
    • A61B17/7031Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other made wholly or partly of flexible material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7002Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
    • A61B17/7004Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods with a cross-section which varies along its length
    • A61B17/7008Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods with a cross-section which varies along its length with parts of, or attached to, the longitudinal elements, bearing against an outside of the screw or hook heads, e.g. nuts on threaded rods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7074Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
    • A61B17/7076Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation
    • A61B17/7077Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation for moving bone anchors attached to vertebrae, thereby displacing the vertebrae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7074Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
    • A61B17/7076Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation
    • A61B17/7082Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation for driving, i.e. rotating, screws or screw parts specially adapted for spinal fixation, e.g. for driving polyaxial or tulip-headed screws
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7074Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
    • A61B17/7091Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for applying, tightening or removing longitudinal element-to-bone anchor locking elements, e.g. caps, set screws, nuts or wedges
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/8869Tensioning devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
    • A61B17/025Joint distractors
    • A61B2017/0256Joint distractors for the spine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/06Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/061Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring dimensions, e.g. length

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于头部带有螺纹的椎弓根螺钉的器械系统,它在螺旋轴方向具有制动螺钉,所述螺钉可用机动螺丝刀操作,所带支架用于吸收以形状相匹配的方式接触椎弓根螺钉头部的力矩。因为所述支架具有这种管状部件,它的内径配合引导所述夹紧螺钉,并使定心部件能够固定在所述椎弓根螺钉而不是所述夹紧螺钉的头部。当装上支架时,所述椎弓根螺钉可啮合,也可以通过不可见的,也就是较小的手术区保持与插入的椎弓根螺钉接触,以便多次安装相同的支架或其它支架。

Description

用于椎弓根螺钉的器械系统
本发明涉及一种用于椎弓根螺钉(pedicle screw)的器械系统,螺钉头部具有内螺纹,用于在它的螺旋轴方向接收外径D1的埋头螺钉(grub screw),用带有凸起的支架和能置于所述埋头螺钉上直径D4的螺丝刀,将相对于螺旋轴横向凸出进入所述头部的连接部件牢固夹紧,其中所述凸起以形状匹配的方式啮合在所述椎弓根螺钉的头部。
头部带有夹紧螺钉(clampmg screw)的椎弓根螺钉在专利EP-A-0669109中有所描述。瑞士CH-6340 Baar的Centerpulse整形外科有限公司(CenterpulseOrthopedics Ltd)推销一种名为DYNESYS用于脊椎骨带有椎弓根螺钉和相关器械的稳定系统。在向脊柱固定植入体时,以前,所用微创(little invasion)方法(Wiltse教授的经肌肉(transmusculor)方法或脊柱旁(paraspinal)法)仅能限于当所述正常结构应当大部分保存时才使用。必须准备好手术区,使之部分与所述椎骨位于中心的脊柱分离。椎弓根螺钉的定位以及随后与加固部件的连接需要高超的手术经验和技巧。
本发明的目的是改进这种状况并使手术更安全。按照所述的独立权利要求1达到本目的,其中提供有带管状部件的至少两个支架,所述管状部件可支撑在所述椎弓根螺钉的头部;还提供可插入的定心部件,代替所述埋头螺钉,而且能旋入所述内螺纹,在支架装上,且其外径D与所述埋头螺钉的直径D1相对应时,能够被夹住,以便能够拉出同样的支架或其他支架,并且能够如时常希望的那样再次引导它到所述椎弓根螺钉形状匹配的配合面,所述管状部件具有仅比直径D1稍大的内径D2,以便用螺丝刀或由管状部件引导的定心部件将埋头螺钉定位到椎弓根螺钉的头部,使得其螺纹灵活地与所述内螺纹啮合。
这种结构的优点在于,埋头螺钉能够在实际手术区之外插入到所述管状部件中作为夹紧螺钉,并且以其自重滑动,或用螺丝刀推到所述椎弓根螺钉的头部,并且能够旋入其中,不需要夹住所述埋头螺钉的器具,而且不会发生所述埋头螺钉在手术区无意被下放到其它位置的危险。因为管状部件的内径D2只比埋头螺钉的外径D1稍大一些,因此后者能保持它插入到所述管状部件中的位置。所述螺丝刀选择的形状与例如埋头螺钉上六角凹头相匹配,而所述埋头螺钉在所述椎弓根螺钉的头部选择有螺纹。当所述内径D2小于所述埋头螺钉外径D1的1.3倍时,就能达到可靠的“定位”(finding)螺纹。
定心部件具有重要的优点,它能同时插入穿过管状部件,代替夹紧螺钉,而且能旋入所述头部螺纹,并且沿着伸长方向向外凸出超出管状部件。
这样锚固定心部件,使能以引导方式且不用直视所述椎弓根螺钉,便将所述支架拉出,和装上相同的支架或其它支架。
所述椎弓根螺钉可通过这种方式由第一支架定位,而不用埋头螺钉,所述支架具有相应的管状部件,定心部件能插入其中,代替埋头螺钉,所述定心部件的凸出端部能被夹住,以将其拧紧在椎弓根螺钉的头部。定心部件的最大直径D比在短螺纹部分后的螺纹直径略大,以形成支撑凸肩,但它仍然比管状部件的内径D2小。这种锚固的定心部件使之不用直视便能将第一支架从所述椎弓根螺钉的头部拉出,并且如时常希望的那样将具有其它功能的其它支架定位置于所述椎弓根螺钉的头部。因而,如将第一支架可设想为强力的旋入工具,它以形状匹配的方式支撑在所述头部后面的工作表面上,并且在所述的定心部件旋入后,可在后面的部位及时地更换成另一支架,再推动该支架,直到它以形状匹配的方式与头部的辅助表面接触,使能在拉出所述定心部件后导入和固定所述埋头螺钉。这种新装上的支架然后引导所述埋头螺钉和所述传动螺丝刀,并同时在固定所述埋头螺钉时有可能产生反扭距。
独立权利要求2到12,14和15表明本发明作了进一步的有利改进。因而,使所述定心部件更换具有不同功能的支架成为可能,而不失去与椎弓根螺钉的头部相接触。
这种定心部件可以是刚性的,但是一种可弯曲有弹性的设计更为有利,通过其弯曲防止在所述椎弓根螺钉上产生强大的力使拧上的定心部件偏转,尽管它的杆很长。而且,所述定心部件也可以弯曲非常大的角度,使得能够使用其它装置,如图象转换器或X射线装置。
如果在伸长方向的中心区制成有弹性的,使得在中心区可能产生例如20度的角偏差,那么,在定心部件引导的支架也可向看不到的椎弓根螺钉的头部作弧形移动,并且能以平缓的方式将所覆盖的组织移位。在所述中心区产生所需弹性的一种可能包括对所述中心部分使用可弯曲的弹性材料,和/或包括减少横截面积,这样使得不会产生不允许的弯曲应力。另一种可能包括将所述中心部分设计为复合丝或螺旋弹簧,以获得需要的弹性。
为了简化引导定心部件并将它放置到支架上,所述定心部件具有圆形的横截面和平缓连续过渡的包络线(jacket line)是有利的。
如果第一管状支架设有夹紧装置,该装置例如通过夹紧方式阻挡定心部件沿轴向旋入到所述椎弓根螺钉内,这种组合可作为椎弓根螺钉的定位装置。所述定心部件从人体外装在所述椎弓根螺钉上,并且将随后所装的支架位置保持在轴向上,使之相对于所述定心部件拉紧,以便随后将支架旋入椎弓根螺钉。夹紧解除后,作为固定装置用的所述支架可以拔出,因为以形状匹配方式与其接触的椎弓根螺钉表面,例如应以另外的方式使用,而另一个支架则可沿着所述定心部件导向到所述椎弓根螺钉的头部。这样的另一个支架例如可以是一个带有管状部件的支架,它在朝着所述椎弓根螺钉的一端具有一个带有偏转弧的凸出垫座(projecting shoe),用作拉过螺钉头部作为连接部件的带或缆线的偏转装置,并且在所述管状部件的另一端,即在实际手术区之外,相对于管状部件的旋转具有用于缆线张紧器形状匹配的接合面,该接合面朝着所述椎弓根螺钉的方向支承所述的缆线张紧器。这种结构使得在实际手术区之外能够产生预张力,因而使用较小尺寸对到达路径便完成操作。在专利EP-A-1103225中对适于这种应用的缆线张紧器进行了描述。因为这种被夹紧螺钉固定之前由缆线张紧器产生预定预张力的缆线同样具有一定的抗弯强度,所以将偏转弧的半径设计为大于3mm是有利的。这样一来,在所述螺钉头部的凹槽中拉过的缆线上不会产生过大的弯曲扭矩,因而也不会有过大的摩擦,因为那样会对施加的预张力测量结果造成决定性的错误。
对于上述产品DYNESYS的椎弓根螺钉,可在两个相邻椎骨中定位时相应的椎弓根螺钉不失去接触的情况下例如使用上述的装置进行如下手术程序:
第一椎弓根螺钉
a1)在手术区外,将定心部件旋入并锚固在椎弓根螺钉的头部,安装第一支架,直到它以形状匹配的方式置于所述头部,并且沿轴向将支架固定(预先张紧更好)在定心部件上,将椎弓根螺钉旋入椎骨体内。
b1)解除轴向的固定,并拉出所述支架;定心部件仍保持在应有的位置。
c1)使用这里没有描述的钳类工具,在所述定心部件上采取定向和可能的引导,拉动缆线穿过所述椎弓根螺钉的螺钉头部。
d1)沿着所述定心部件安装带有管状部件的第二支架,所述第二支架以形状匹配的方式接触进入所述螺钉头部的两个边凹槽。
e1)通过解除螺钉的连接和将其抽出而取下定心部件,并代之以首先插入埋头螺钉,接着再将螺丝刀插入管状部件中,最后通过拧入夹紧螺钉把所述缆线固定。螺丝刀可以有一个扭矩指示器和相应的用于这种目的的测量装置。拔出传动螺丝刀。
第二椎弓根螺钉
a2)类似a1),装上第一支架...
b2)类似b1),也就是将定心部件保持在拧进的椎弓根螺钉内。
中间步骤:
-在预定的展开力限定被推到缆线上的垫片所需长度的情况下确定第一和第二椎弓根螺钉的间隔。(这种装置已经提出具有相同申请日期的平行申请)。所述展开装置可在所述第一锥弓根螺钉上定向,用于定位在所述第二锥弓根螺钉的拧入定心部件和缆线上。
-通过切除多余部分并将压力垫片拉到缆线上,直到垫片邻接第一锥弓根螺钉,从而形成预定的垫片长度。
第三锥弓根螺钉
c2)类似c1),拉进缆线。
d2)类似d1),装上另一支架,该支架带有管状部件,但另外还具有带有偏转弧的凸出垫座,并在另一端,即在实际手术区之外,又有一形状匹配用于缆线张紧器的接收部分。
e2)用就位的(placed-on)缆线张紧器施加足够大的预张力,直到垫片在其规定的接触面与两个锥弓根螺钉都接触。取下定心部件,并代之以插入埋头螺钉,使螺丝刀穿过所述管状部件,通过缆线张紧器产生预计的预张力,再在这种预张力下用螺丝刀以预定扭矩将埋头螺钉旋紧在缆线上,将缆线固定,而反扭矩则能经过形状匹配的接收部分被皮带张紧器同时吸收。
如果在紧接的椎骨上设置另一个椎弓根螺钉,可以采取与所述第二椎弓根螺钉相同的程序,通常,所有的椎弓根螺钉都可以如第一步骤所述的那样用第一支架定位。因此,更重要的是,每个定心部件都要保持旋入所述椎弓根螺钉中的状态。对于每个另外要插入的螺钉其位置能够在已经凸出的定心部件上更容易地估计出来。
因为在这种器械系统中,所述支架具有管状部件,就其内径而言,它与埋头螺钉的线向相配合,并且因为凸出的定心部件能够通过支架代替埋头螺钉固定在椎弓根螺钉的头部,因此通过不可见的,也就是较小的手术区就能保持与插入的椎弓根螺钉相接触。
下面将参考实施例描述本发明。附图如下:
图1,示意示出两个相邻椎骨按照前述EP-A-0669101已旋入椎弓根螺钉,并以预张力,通过缆线和压力垫片彼此连接起来;
图2,对应于图1椎弓根螺钉的螺钉头部的平面图;
图3,示意示出按照本发明的第一支架下部,它形成旋入工具,用于带有定心部件的椎弓根螺钉;
图4,示意示出相对于图3结构的上部,其中示出定心部件轴向固定在支架中;
图5,示意示出另一个旋入椎弓根螺钉头部的定心部件;
图6,示意示出与椎弓根螺钉头部凹槽中凸起啮合的第二支架;
图7,图6支架的下部,旋转90度的横截面;
图8,设计为埋头螺钉的夹紧螺钉;
图9,按照图8用于埋头螺钉的螺丝刀;
图10,示意示出展开装置,通过它在预定的预张力下确定两个椎弓根螺钉的间隔;
图11,示意示出带有管状部件的支架,其上装有偏转垫座;
图12,示意示出图11装在椎弓根螺钉头部支架的侧视图;
图13,示意示出图12的支架,旋转90度的横截面;
图14,示意示出类似图3的第一支架下部,但它是用于夹紧螺钉的器械组的一部分,所述夹紧螺钉构成为六角头螺钉;
图15,横截面示意示出图14器械组中第二支架的下部,它带有六角头螺钉,被螺丝刀固定,并将缆线紧固在椎弓根螺钉的头部;
图16,示意示出图15螺丝刀旋转90度的侧视图;
图17,示意示出图15螺丝刀和螺钉的端面视图;
图18和19,示意示出定心部件和第一支架的另一实施例,它们组成类似图3和图4的旋入工具;
图20,图19中可用手操作的夹紧螺钉放大示意图;
图21,示意示出图20夹紧螺钉端面的放大视图,其中所述头部外形是可见的;
图22,示意示出如图2所示椎弓根螺钉头部的高度放大图,该头部沿轴向具有圆形平坦的支承面;以及
图23,示意示出类似图11的支架下部,但是具有偏转滚柱代替偏转垫座。
在图1和图2中示出在两个相邻脊椎骨31、32之间完全装好的支撑部件30,该支撑部件可用本发明的器械系统进行安装。所述两个椎弓根螺钉1具有头部2,所述头部为球形,并且在所有情况下在两个时边具有扁平端面33,所述端面形成用于圆柱形压力垫片25的支持面。横向于端面33,拉出一弹性预张紧的缆线16穿过压力垫片25的孔,并在所有情况下被埋头螺钉5固定在螺钉头部2上,所述埋头螺钉5位于椎弓根螺钉的螺旋轴21上。凹槽24与头部2的侧面接触,而支架6b(图6)可推入其中,以形成相应的反扭矩,通过机动螺丝刀10将自攻螺钉5拧紧。
在图3、4、6和8中示出第一支架6a及其在椎弓根螺钉1头部2上与定心部件12和设计为埋头螺钉5的夹紧钉的相互作用实施例。所述支架6a包括设计为管状部件8的前部26和口部27上的端部,该口部支撑在所述椎弓根螺钉1的头部2上,并围绕着自由端面33接合,以产生足够大的扭矩,用于旋入所述椎弓根螺钉1。定心部件12锚固在所述头部2内螺纹3的螺纹部分上,所述螺纹部分与设计为埋头螺钉的夹紧螺钉的外螺纹9相对应。但基本上较短些,即使旋入定心部件12并以直径D就位也能以后拉入缆线16。
所述埋头螺钉5具有最大直径D1和用于机动螺丝刀10的六角凹头39。所述管状部件8的内径D2仅与另一支架6b(图6)的直径一样大,该支架适合作为导入夹紧螺钉5的导向部件。
因此,所述定心部件12的直径D与双支架6a,6b,6c,6d管状部件8的内径D2相配合,因为这种定心部件在双支架内都必须是纵向可换置的,以便使支架能与旋入的定心部件12相互交换,并且另一方面,能够与装上的第一支架6移进定心部件12,再将它牢固地旋入头部的内螺纹3。
所述第一支架6a的前部26固定旋入手柄部件28上,其中管形直径仍然为D2。前端呈叉状的杆11伸进周边横向凹槽15中,以用预定轴向力将旋入的定心部件12轴向锁定,所述周边横向凹槽15在手柄28邻近应用于定心部件12,定心部件的中心区13将在后面清晰地看到。这个固定元件14产生的作用同样通过径向移进调整螺钉实现,该螺钉的前部边缘制成圆锥渐细形式。如果没有横向凹槽15,用径向旋入的螺钉紧固就足以满足。在这种情况下,用轴29固定的杆11设有外形38,其上作用一由压缩弹簧36加压的挺杆(tappet)35。定心部件12锁在拔出位置。在杆11转回时,与轴29周围环形件的弧形相对应的外形38前部移到挺杆,并进入相时于挺杆35与轴29垂直的部位,这样定心部件12被释放,从而使第一支架6a能与头部2分离并可取下,而定心部件12仍然保持在头部。插塞37塞住插入压缩弹簧36和挺杆35所需的孔。图5中的定心部件12在其中心区13设计成直径为D3的弯曲弹簧,在所有情况下它都通过圆锥形过渡件20延伸。所述中心部件13能够弹性偏转,例如偏转到20度或更多。所述圆锥形过渡件20防止中心部分13卡住任伺边缘,不管偏转怎样。
参照图18到21示出带有定心部件12类似于图3和4支架6a的另一支架6d。因为它是用作定位装置的第一支架6d,所以在支架以后去除时仍保持就位的定心部件12开始可以旋入到椎弓根螺钉上,随后支架6d才可推进。在这种情况下,定心部件12不应推过所述支架。所述支架6d同样具有带口部27的管状部件8,其具有带纵向凸出夹紧螺钉73的延伸的手柄部件28,夹紧螺钉73以其外部啮合的头部72支撑在手柄部件28上,并且凸出有拉力螺纹77,直到和进入定心部件12一端的内螺纹76。在定心部件12另一端具有后带有凸肩的螺纹61,在旋入螺纹61时,通过该凸肩楔入到椎弓根螺钉的头部2,而拉力螺纹77则位于内螺纹76上而不会楔入,因此当所述夹紧螺钉73向回旋转时拉力螺纹77总是脱扣为第一螺纹。夹紧螺钉73本身由于其头部72与所述手柄部分28的摩擦而受阻。不言而喻,夹紧螺钉73的螺纹77与定心部件12的螺纹61制成同一方向。
夹紧螺钉73具有两个特殊的特点,这些特点非常广泛地用于该技术领域中人工操作的螺钉。为了避免螺纹77、76在张紧时超负荷,所述头部72要保持很小,并且具备不对称的外形,使得只能施加很小的扭矩,并且由于不对称,对脱扣可以施加比用手张紧更大的扭矩。
图21示出这样一种不时称外形。对于设在定心部件12椎弓根螺钉上的带头部72的夹紧螺钉73这种特殊情况,所述外形包括在直径15mm的外圆80中。所述外形以120度的间隔重复,并且为夹紧螺钉73设置右旋螺纹,因此,逆时针方向上升并经其施加拉力扭矩的螺纹面要比用于脱扣顺时针方向上升的螺纹面延伸浅得多。假设在径向有最大可能的啮合力,这用顺时针方向基本上较小的力矩获得。在示有直径15mm的外圆80的示例中,顺时针方向上升的螺纹面通过半径81的圆弧产生,该圆的中心在半径79等于1.5mm的内圆上,并且成切线并入外圆80中。逆时针方向上升的螺纹面通过半径83的圆弧产生,该圆垂直和外圆相交,半径83等于2mm,使得大约2mm的凸肩82在逆时针方向凸出。
通常,不同于120度的角度间隔也可能达到限制扭矩类似的结果。
所述夹紧螺钉73另一特征是防止它意外与手柄部件28分离,并从无菌区例如掉到地上。凸出螺纹74应用于所述夹紧螺钉73的轴上并应拧过手柄部件28上的反螺纹75。从前所述夹紧螺钉73可以更深地推入和柄部件。因此,有几个螺距就能防止夹紧螺钉从消毒进入手术室的运送过程中脱落,或在多次使用支架时从手柄部件上脱落。
图22和18表示这样一种程度,当在支架6a和6d的口部27具有相应的配合面时,通过椎弓根螺钉头部2轴向上的圆形环状支承面70使管状部件8能够对准。伸出到支承面70上的口部27夹爪起到横向定心的作用,也就是使椎弓根螺钉1和所述管状部件8的纵轴一致。因此,尽管头部2是球形表面,椎弓根螺钉也不能像口部27中的关节那样运动。这种结构不但与支架6a和6d相适应的手工操作定位装置有利,而且还可用于导航系统的定位设备(CAS,计算机辅助外科手术),当椎弓根螺钉的尖部对支架的位置以可探测的参照位精确保持时,总是假设该支架具有定心部件12,当所述支架松脱并从旋入的椎弓根螺钉上取下时,所述定心部件依然保持在所述椎弓根螺钉的头部。因此,在使用另外合适支架的发明意义上,这种定心部件更便于后面的手工操作步骤。
图6、7、8和9示出第二支架6b的功能,该支架可在第一支架6a或6d移出后推到第一椎弓根螺钉1的头部2,并且定向在定心部件12上。凸起7以形状匹配的方式移进所述椎弓根螺钉头部2的凹槽24中。在该支架中,作为单独部件的口部件27用优质耐磨钢制成,并且随后连接到管状部件8上,该部件引导穿过对角设置的手柄40,以产生拧紧埋头螺钉5的反力矩。所述管状部件8的内径D2小于埋头螺钉5的外径D21.3倍,最好小于1.1倍,以便在拔出定心部件12后以引导方式将其推动直到和在所述头部的内螺纹3上。图9中的螺丝刀10具有与所述埋头螺钉5六角凹头39相配合的六角头。所述螺丝刀10的外径D4选择得使它可导入内径D2的管状部件8,并且达到所述埋头螺钉5的内六角凹头39。直径D4的螺丝刀10前部制作得很长,因此可以和支架6b和6c一起使用,借助其手柄40拧紧插入的埋头螺钉5。
图11、12和13示出另一支架6c,它能通过定心部件12推进第二椎弓根螺钉。在以前的步骤中,所述第二椎弓根螺钉曾用第一支架6a或6d定位,所述支架随后拔出,而定心部件12保持不动。随后,用图10所示展开工具42以特殊分离力(distraction force)固定第一和第二椎弓根螺钉之间的间隔,并将适当的压力垫片25拉到缆线16上,在定心部件12安装不动的情况下,把缆线拉过第二椎弓根螺钉的头部2。
这时,只通过定心部件12将另一支架6c推到第二推弓根螺钉上,直到它的凸起7以形状匹配的方式嵌入槽24,然后取下定心部件12。使用螺丝刀10可将埋头螺钉5插入到所述管状部件8中,并能定位在椎弓根螺钉的头部2上。
另一支架6c同样具有单独加工的口部27,上面构成垫座(shoe)17,当装上支架时,它延续一通孔,穿过大约90度偏转弧18的头部2,偏转弧18位于通孔上延续到其底座19处。制造的偏转弧曲率半径大于3mm,这样由于拉过通孔的刚性缆线16的偏转不会引起太大的摩擦。在一种变型中(参见图23),偏转弧18已被活动偏转弧代替,也就是支撑在垫座17横向凸起夹爪上的滚柱18a。
支架6c上部做成伸出臂43,该伸出臂具有用于钳状缆线张紧器(未示出)的接合面23。这种缆线张紧器是单独的钳状工具,它具有两个彼此相对放宽的臂(limbs),其中一个例如支撑在椎弓根螺钉的头部2上,而另一个则夹紧缆线并将它拉过第一臂。缆线张紧器作为工具销售,用于上述Centerpulse整形外科有限公司的DYNESYS产品。这种缆线张紧器在夹紧臂已夹紧缆线16后,设在非夹紧臂的接合面23上。接合面23确保非夹紧臂不绕着管状部分8转动,同时支撑它朝向偏转弧18的方向。
因此外科大夫可用一只手操纵装好的缆线张紧器,使通过支架6c及其椎弓根螺钉头部2上的凸起7产生反扭距,而用另一只手可操作螺丝刀10,使缆线16在达到预定抗张应力时,将缆线固定。
在接合面23上,直槽44应用于偏转弧上,当装上缆线张紧器时,穿过该槽横向引入缆线16。有利的是槽44通过瓶颈部分69合并成较大的孔,并将瓶颈部分69制成所需尺寸,使得缆线必须用力才可推入孔中,这从而把缆线夹在孔中,再导出手术区,而不会偶然后退落进手术区。
图10中,示出展开装置42,其中有两根杆47、48像一把钳子交叉在运动中心53。在其中一杆47上,横杆49由螺钉57所固定,该横杆49与另一杆48在弧形内交叉,并终止于手柄50。第一根杆向外延伸成两部分——性指示件52和定位(set-on)弯曲弹簧51,该弹簧伸出具有指形柄(thumb grip)56的横杆48弧形以外。
当手柄50被右手四个手指握在拔出位置且拇指放在指形柄56上时,扳动拇指可以将所述装置展开。
第一杆47的尖部为叉形。该叉状物46和第一椎弓根螺钉的头部接触,并且对准露出缆线16的中心。另一杆48的尖部终止在横向凸出的半球形45,该半球形对准第二个椎弓根螺钉通孔的中心。如果这时扳动拇指施加伸展力,则弯曲弹簧51朝向手柄50变形,而刚性指示件52仅在横杆49弧形上进一步移动的和杆47、48尖部分开的距离一样长。
第一刻度54附着在横杆49的弧形部分上,杆47、48尖部的外间隔可由刻度54读出。
另一第二刻度55连接到指形柄56上,该指形柄随着弯曲弹簧51一起运动,并相对于指示件52指示两个尖部被加压分开的预张力。器械的用途包括可单手操作,及为椎骨间预定预张力确定长度,以形成以后要插入的压力垫片25的参照量度。按照压力垫片25所用材料的弹性,所述垫片必须在相时于参照量度松弛的状态下切成一定形状,使得在缆线安装和拉紧后使用已定长度。
按照权利要求13至15和图14、15、16和17,本发明进一步应用可转换为另外的器械实施例,该器械设有带凸出螺钉头58例如六角头的螺钉5’作为夹紧螺钉。按照图15在支架66中,对于管状部件8的内径D2’,螺丝刀10的外径D4’起决定作用,因为它在其相配的六角凹头67上具有用于螺钉头58的抓手(gripping device)59,以保持六角头螺钉5’对螺丝刀10的轴62成一直线。管状部件8只比它的内径D2’大一点,例如小于1.2倍,因此,通过螺丝刀10间接引导具有螺纹60的夹紧螺钉,直到和在椎弓根螺钉1头部2的内螺纹3上。所述支架66的口部27支撑在椎弓根螺钉的头部2上,并以形状匹配的方式与凸起7在凹槽中啮合,以形成反扭矩,在拧入六角头螺钉5’时,将拉进的缆线16固定。螺丝刀10以六角凹头67环绕着螺钉头58,螺钉5’被弹簧64压入六角凹头67中,对置的弹簧64在螺钉头58下部边缘之外接合。
由于致密的空间情况,弹簧做成C型,并从后面推进穿过螺丝刀10轴上的键槽65,再用后来插入的键63加以固定。弹簧64的臂在其末端形成凸出部,它在插入螺钉头58时弹回,并将该螺钉头保持在其下部边缘。各个臂本身都插入凹槽里,使得它们不会伸出机动螺丝刀的直径D4以外。
在图14中,示出带定心部件12与图15相配的支架68,定心部件的直径D’稍小于支架66、68的直径D2’,使得它们在椎弓根螺钉1头部2的配合面达到形状匹配。
定心部件12通过螺纹61锚固在椎弓根螺钉1头部2的内螺纹3上。定心部件12具有到中心部分13的锥形过渡部分20,该中心部分制成较小的直径D3’,弯曲具有弹性。
支架68与其到头部2的平顶端面33的口部27相匹配。
除图14和15中两个支架外,还有另一支架,该支架具有与图15支架类似的管状部件,同样还有垫座17和与支架6c(图8)类似的偏转装置22以及用于缆线张紧器的臂43。通常可以这样认为图15至图17所示的器械组,其中定心部件12具有最大直径D’,该直径小于管状部件8的直径D2’。其他的尺寸,例如管状部件8的壁厚和其他的细节以及器械的长度都可与图3至9、11至13和图22中的器械组对应。
零部件目录
1.椎弓根螺钉        23.接合面           51.弯曲弹簧
2.头部              24.凹槽             52.指示件
3.内螺纹            25.压力垫片         53.运动中心
4.连接部件          26.前部             54.第一刻度
5.埋头螺钉          27.口部             55.第二刻度
5’.螺钉            28.手柄部件         56.指形柄
6.支架              29.轴               57.螺钉
6a.第一支架         30.支撑元件         58.螺钉头
6b.第二支架         31.脊椎骨           59.抓手
6c.另一支架         32.脊椎骨           60.螺纹
6d.支架             33.端面             61.螺纹
7.凸起              34.椎间盘           62.轴
8..管状部件         35.挺杆             63.键
9.外螺纹            36.弹簧             64.弹簧
10.螺丝刀           37.插塞             65.键槽
11.杆               38.外形             66.支架
12.定心部件         39.六角凹头         67.六角凹头
13.中心区           40.柄               68.支架
14.固定元件         41.柄               69.瓶颈
15.横向凹槽         42.展开装置         70.支承面
16.缆线             43.臂               71.埋头孔
17.垫座             44.槽               72.头部
18.偏转弧           45.半球形           73.夹紧螺钉
18a.偏转滚柱        46.叉状物           74.螺纹
19.底座             47.杆               75.配合螺纹
20.锥形物           48.杆               76.内螺纹
21.螺旋轴           49.横杆             77.拉力螺纹
22偏转装置          50.手柄             78.内圆
79.半径
80.外圆
81.半径
82.凸肩
83.密切半径
D.直径
D1夹紧螺钉外径
D2管状部件内径
D3定心部件中心部分直径
D4螺丝刀直径

Claims (15)

1.一种用于椎弓根螺钉(1)的器械系统,螺钉头部(2)具有内螺纹(3),所述螺纹在螺旋轴(21)方向接受外径为D1的埋头螺钉(5),用带有以形状匹配的方式啮合在所述椎弓根螺钉头部的凸起(7)的支架(6)和能置于所述埋头螺钉(5)上的直径为D4的螺丝刀(10)将相对于螺旋轴(21)横向凸出进入所述头部的连接部件(4)牢固夹紧,其特征在于,提供至少两个带有管状部件(8)的支架(6a,6b,6c,6d),所述管状部件(8)可支撑在所述椎弓根螺钉的头部(2);还提供可插入的定心部件(12),代替所述埋头螺钉(5),而且能旋入所述内螺纹(3),当支架(6a,6b)被安装上,且其外径D与所述埋头螺钉(5)的直径D1相对应时该定心部件(12)能够被夹住,以便能够拉出同样的支架(6a,6d)或其他支架(6b,6c),并且能够如时常希望的那样引导它们到所述椎弓根螺钉形状匹配的配合面,所述管状部件(8)具有仅比所述直径D1稍大的内径D2,以便用螺丝刀(10)或经由所述管状部件(8)引导的定心部件(12)将所述埋头螺钉(5)定位到所述椎弓根螺钉的头部(2),从而使得其螺纹非倾斜地与所述内螺纹(3)啮合。
2.如权利要求1所述的器械系统,其特征在于,所述内径D2小于所述直径D1 1.3倍。
3.如权利要求1所述的器械系统,其特征在于,所述内径D2小于所述直径D1 1.1倍。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的器械系统,其特征在于,所述定心部件(12)沿纵向具有中心区(13),该中心区可离开纵轴弹性偏移到20度或更大角度。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的器械系统,其特征在于,所述定心部件(12)在其中心区(13)具有下部直径D3,以便像弯曲弹簧进行预计地偏转。
6.如权利要求4或5中任一项所述的器械系统,其特征在于,所述定心部件(12)具有基本上圆形的横截面和在纵向沿着所述中心区(13)平缓连续过渡的包络线。
7.如权利要求1所述的器械系统,其特征在于,管状支架(6a)形成有作为椎弓根螺钉定位装置的定心部件(12),在该空心部件中,安装的支架(6a,6d)具有朝向封锁在轴向上的所述定心部件(12)的固定元件(14),所述定心部件(12)又被旋入所述椎弓根螺钉的头部(2)。
8.如权利要求7所述的器械系统,其特征在于,所述安装的支架(6d)具有夹紧螺钉(73)形式的固定元件,螺钉头部(72)支撑在支架(6d)上,并且轴向拧入所述定心部件(12)后部的内螺纹(76)。
9.如权利要求7所述的器械系统,其特征在于,所述固定元件作为杆(11),作用在定心部件(12)的横槽(15)上。
10.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的器械系统,其特征在于,所述管状部件(8)具有如用于带子或缆线(16)拉过所述螺钉头部(2)的偏转装置(22)的带偏转弧(18)的凸出垫座(17),而在所述管状部件(8)的另一端,相对于旋转,具有用于所述带子或缆线张紧器的形状匹配的接合面(23),该接合面在朝向所述椎弓根螺钉(1)的方向支承所述带子或缆线张紧器,
11.如权利要求10所述的器械系统,其特征在于,所述偏转弧(18)具有沿其底座(19)大于3mm的曲率半径。
12.如权利要求10所述的器械系统,其特征在于,所述垫座(17)具有偏转滚柱(18a),代替偏转弧。
13.一种用于椎弓根螺钉(1)的器械系统,螺钉头部(2)具有内螺纹(3),所述螺纹在螺旋轴(21)方向接受用直径为D4’的螺丝刀(10)可旋入的夹紧螺钉5’,用带有以形状匹配的方式啮合在所述椎弓根螺钉头部的凸起(7)的支架(6)将相对于螺旋轴(21)横向凸出进入所述头部(2)的连接部件(4)牢固夹紧,其特征在于,提供至少两个带有管状部件(8)的支架(66,68),所述管状部件(8)可支撑在所述头部(2)上;除了所述螺丝刀(10)外,还提供定心部件(12),所述定心部件可插入穿过所述管状部件(8),而且能旋入所述内螺纹(3),当支架(66,68)被安装上,且其最大外径D’与所述螺丝刀(10)的直径D4’相对应时该定心部件能够啮合,以便能够拉出同样的支架(66)或其他支架(68),并且能够如时常希望的那样引导它们回到形状匹配的配合面,所述管状部件(8),具有仅比所述螺丝刀的直径D4’稍大的内径D2’,以便使用螺丝刀(10)的抓手(59)使所述夹紧螺钉(5’)与所述螺丝刀的轴(62)成一直线,并且用所述螺丝刀(10)间接将所述夹紧螺钉(5’)定位在所述螺纹(3)上,或将直接引导穿过所述管状部件(8)的所述定心部件(12)定位在螺纹(3)上,或引导支架到旋入定心部件(12)上的椎弓根螺钉。
14.如权利要求13所述的器械装置,其特征在于,所述直径D2’小于所述直径D4’1.2倍。
15.如权利要求13所述的器械装置,其特征在于,所述直径D2’小于所述直径D4’1.1倍。
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CN1286434C (zh) 2006-11-29
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