CN1605028A - 处理试样以提取用于基于液体和基于载片的测试的标本的自动系统和方法 - Google Patents

处理试样以提取用于基于液体和基于载片的测试的标本的自动系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1605028A
CN1605028A CNA028253450A CN02825345A CN1605028A CN 1605028 A CN1605028 A CN 1605028A CN A028253450 A CNA028253450 A CN A028253450A CN 02825345 A CN02825345 A CN 02825345A CN 1605028 A CN1605028 A CN 1605028A
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sample
fluid
head
container
sampling fluids
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N·J·普雷斯曼
W·J·迈尔
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MonoGen Inc
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MonoGen Inc
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Abstract

一种处理例如生物试样的试样以便提取用于液体(细胞外)和基于载片(细胞内)测试的标本的装置和方法。两种类型的标本从单个流体试样中获得。流体采样工位从试样容器取出流体并将其放置在标本容座上。试样获取工位从容器取出流体，从取出的流体中分离颗粒物质(例如细胞)并形成颗粒物质的标本层，该标本层转移到载片上。两种采样操作可以任何顺序进行。流体标本容座可具有特殊的单向阀配置。装置可自动进行以便处理各自容器内的多个流体试样。本发明的机器是“平台式仪器”，其可制成所有所需液体标本和基于载片的标本，以便基本上所有的细胞病理学测试。

Description

处理试样以提取用于基于液体和基于载片的测试的 标本的自动系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及处理例如生物流体试样的流体试样以便提取用于测试的标本。
背景技术
在医疗界，通常假定并可接受的是通过提早进行疾病检测、诊断和治疗监测以及干预来改善患者的结果。在细胞生物学、细胞遗传以及分子病理学中的科学进步造成灵敏度和特性提高的新型筛选和诊断方法。这些用于早期检测和诊断的改进措施以及这些用于治疗监测的改进措施被采用在例如相关实验室、医疗诊所和基于医院的临床测试实验室中。
许多种类的疾病是基于细胞的(例如(a)例如肺、结肠、膀胱、前列腺、骨盆和乳腺癌的癌症，以及(b)例如老年痴呆症和帕金森氏症的神经和肌肉退化疾病)，或者基于细胞环境以及患者或寄生生物内的产物(例如(a)例如HIV/AIDS的免疫疾病或自身免疫疾病，以及(b)例如由病毒、细菌、霉菌、寄生物或其他传染物造成的妇科器官的性传染病(STD)的传染病)。先进的筛选和诊断方法通常取决于分子、分子活动和可疑、非典型、感染和/或癌变细胞内(胞内)和外(胞外)的外界有机物的检测。
来自患者的试样在患者经过筛选、诊断或治疗监测检查时进行收集。其间收集这种试样的筛选检查的实例包括通过唾液分析可查明的肺癌检查、通过PAP抹片和骨盆妇科检查可查明的宫颈癌检查、通过空腹尿样分解可查明的膀胱癌以及皮肤癌检查。这些试样需要在专业医疗人员和分析仪器(例如细胞学家、病理学家、原始血细胞学家、血液化学分析专家、流动血细胞计数器、分光计)评价、解释和分类/诊断来自这些试样的标本之前进行处理。试样处理可涉及不同的步骤，其包括(但不局限于)试样收集、细胞分散、黏液分散、固定、等分试样、均化、细胞沉积、染色、对细胞分子进行标记以及玻璃显微镜载片的盖片技术。
试样处理规程的结果或副产品是为随后人员或机器评价作好准备的患者标本。通常，根据临床材料是否进行细胞内或细胞外分析来制备两者类型的细胞病理学标本。用于细胞内的细胞病理学分析而制备的标本是基于显微镜载片的(对于专业人员复查或机器评价)或者基于液体以便通过流动血细胞计数器、PCR分析器和/或其他分析仪器来评价。用于细胞外的细胞病理学分析而制备的标本主要是收集到并随后放入试管、管瓶或其他用于生物医学液体标本的标本容器中的液体标本。
基于载片的制备可通过例如传统的子宫-阴道帕帕尼科拉乌(PAP)抹片的多种技术进行，或通过例如LBP技术(基于液体的制备)的改进措施进行，该技术造成薄层或单层细胞沉积在玻璃显微镜载片上以便改善目测和/或机器分析。在临时申请No.60/372,080和这里一同提交的非临时申请中披露的MonoGen MonoPREPTM LBP仪器是这种载片和标本制备装置的实例。这种类型标本制备(即LBP载片)通过大量测试方法进行细胞内分析，例如由专业细胞学家和病理学家进行的传统PAP测试所采用的直接目测，以及血液学家进行的周边血液白细胞与所有血球数的微分。其他细胞内分析包括确定蛋白质或者细胞或细胞器官内发现的其他分子(例如核子、核仁、线粒体rna、细胞质)的存在、不存在、过度表现或表现不足的分子诊断测试(例如免疫细胞化学技术)，其包括DNA结构(例如排序)和含量(例如杂交技术)的细胞生成分子变化的检测。
通常制备液体标本以便进行细胞外含量的机器分析。这些标本包括多个试管的肝素化的血液以便血液化学测试(例如SGOT、NA、K、CA、碱性磷酸酶、PSA、BUN/肌酸酐比例、血色素、血流比容计、血糖、HDL和LDL胆固醇含量)。用于所使用的细胞外分析液体标本的技术包括(但不局限于)PCR(即聚合酶链反应)、NASBA(基于核酸带的放大)、微阵列基因复制、混合捕捉、直接杂交、排序、分光计、液体层析法、荧光抗体检测、抗原检测、免疫化学、酶化学、DNA分析、核探针检测、病毒和RNA量化、流动微荧光血细胞计数器和细胞分类器。这些液体的测试包括(但不局限于)测试衣原体、包括通过EIA对CMV抗原的细胞肥大病毒(CMV)进行检测、通过直接和放大探针对结膜炎进行检测、通过包括直接探针技术对肝炎(B和C)核IgG和IgM以及表面抗体和抗原、肺炎进行检测、通过直接和放大探针的检测和量化对HIV-1进行检测，以及通过直接和放大探针对分枝杆菌肺结核DNA和RNA进行量化和检测。
某些测试(例如检测非宿主传染机体的存在)可根据细胞内化验(例如基于载片的标本)或细胞外化验(例如液体标本)。实例包括检测淋病、结膜炎和衣原体(GTC)的STD检测。
已经具有的机器获取从采集点(POC)位置收集的试样，并制成基于LBP显微镜载片的标本(例如以上所述的MonoGen MonoPREPTM LBP系统和Cytyc THINPREP2000和3000 LBP机)。还具有其他机器获取POC试样并形成液体标本(例如来自Olympus America，Inc.的血液化学分析器)并进行多种细胞外测试。现在没有单个仪器能够从临床细胞试样制成适用于两种类型分析的标本。
发明内容
方便面是一种用于处理试样以便提取用于液体(即细胞外)和基于载片(即细胞内)测试的标本的系统和方法。它是以上所述临时申请No.60/372,080和一同提交的所述非临时申请中披露的LBP装置、系统和方法的改进型。并且与LBP装置和系统相似，与后续处理机器相容，并可以与其他装置以及中心医院或实验室信息系统连接。
本发明的机器是可制成用于所有细胞病理学测试的所有所需液体标本和基于载片的标本的“平台式仪器”，这些测试可以通过专业人员或分析仪器的目测检查进行，和/或根据细胞形态学、细胞遗传学、分子诊断、微生物学、病毒学或其他的一种或多种技术来进行。这可以安全、快速、自动和有效的方式进行。对于来自单个试样的两种类型的标本进行所需的结合减小产生与患者试样、标本以及相关数据的贴错标签和误操作相关的人为失误的危险。所述结合还减小产生多种类型的化验结果不同的危险，每种化验以来自单个患者试样的非代表性标本为根据。
本发明的一个方面涉及从容器内的液体试样获取不同类型的标本的方法和装置。容器支承在装置内，并且试样放置成与设备的液体采样工位流体连通，该采样工位从容器取出流体并将其放置在标本容座内。试样还放置成与装置的试样获取工位流体连通，该试样获取工位从容器取出流体并从取出的流体中分离颗粒物质，并形成特定物质的标本层。两种采样操作可以任何顺序进行。
所述方法和装置可以自动进行以便在各自容器中处理多个试样。例如，试样容器可沿处理路径逐一输送，并可以首先进行任选的预处理操作。这里，同样两个采样操作可以任何顺序进行。用来收集流体标本的标本容座可以沿着与容器处理路径相交的路径自动输送到流体采样工位。容器和容座沿其各自路径的运动可以同步。在试样获取工位形成的标本可输送到载片上。如这里所述，术语“载片”包括玻璃显微镜载片以及标本可放置其上以便随后检测或分析的任何其他衬底。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种例如用于流体采样工位的收集流体标本的容座。容座具有容纳和保持流体的中空主体。单向阀由主体承载，并在主体外部和内部之间具有流体流动通道。阀是压力致动的，试样使得当外部压力超过内部压力时流体流入主体内部，并防止流体在任何其他相对压力条件的影响下从主体流出。在远离阀的主体内还设置气孔。
该阀具有通向主体外部的入口部分和通向主体内部的出口部分。流动通道在入口部分和出口部分之间延伸。当内部和外部压力大致相同时，流动通道的至少一部分朝着闭合位置弹性偏压，并且可以膨胀使得流体流入主体，以响应从入口部分到出口部分的阀上的正压力差。该阀最好由例如弹性体的弹性材料制成，并且最好构造成使其可以直接连接到将要采样的流体源上。
附图说明
下面单纯通过实例并参考附图详细说明包括实施本发明最佳模式的所述装置和方法的实施例，附图中：
图1a是所述临时专利申请No.60/372,080和一同提交的所述非临时申请中披露的LBP装置的平面图，其包括按照本发明的变型；
图1b是适用于本发明的LBP装置的操作顺序的示意流程；
图2是按照本发明的流体采样抽取工位的示意图；
图3是图2的流体采样抽取工位的示意详图；
图4是表示本发明的流体采样抽取工位如何与LBP装置连接的示意详细平面图；以及
图5是表示提取标本流体以便测试的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1a表示所述LBP装置的总体配置，该装置依次输送多个试样容器通过不同的处理工位，并在载片上形成固定的试样，每个载片形成条形码并经由数据管理系统(DMS)连接到管瓶和它从中而来的患者上。在优选的实施例中，每个容器具有可拆卸地连接在其覆盖件上的特殊内部处理组件，并且经由LBP装置在计算机控制的输送器(传送器)240上并在其本身的容座246内输送。(在所示的实例中输送器具有30个容座)。容器和容座制有键，使得容器在适当取向上沿着处理路径运行，并不能独立于其各自的容座转动。
容器首先通过条形码读取器230(在数据获取工位)，其中读取管瓶的条形码，并接着按照步骤运行通过以下的LBP装置的处理工位：包括去除盖子操作的去盖工位400；预处理工位500；过滤器加载工位600；试样获取和去除过滤器工位700；以及重新封盖工位800。这六个工位构造成并行处理，意味着所有这些工位对于不同各自容器内的不同试样来说可同时操作，并相互独立。输送器将不运行直到所有这些操作工位完成其各自任务为止。
预处理工位是容器及其试样运动以便进一步处理之前进行预处理操作的地方，例如试样在其容器内分散。预处理工位通常进行分散操作。在优选实施例中，分散操作通过机械混合器来进行，该混合器在试样容器内以固定速度转动固定的时间。在此实例中，混合器用来在液体试样内通过均化试样来分散大颗粒和显微颗粒，例如人体细胞。作为选择，试样可包括亚细胞尺寸的物质，例如水晶状的分子或其他形式。在这种情况下，将化学制剂在预处理工位引入试样，以便例如分解某些水晶状的结构并使得分子经由化学扩散过程在液体标本内分散，而不需要机械振动。这种化学预处理工位经由预处理头部引入其分散剂。
还有一个集成系统900，其包括另外的条形码读取器、载片盒、载片盒和单个载片的处理机构以及载片供应工位702，其中试样获取工位将来自试样的代表性的标本输送到新的显微镜载片上。任选的自动加载机构300自动地加载试样管瓶到输送机构上并从中卸载管瓶。所有的工位和机构是计算机控制的。图1b表示LBP装置的操作顺序。这是从中构造操作软件的顶级表格。
在所述应用中披露的LBP装置的优选实施例中，管瓶去盖工位400具有从管瓶旋开盖子的转动夹子，并将其丢弃到保护生态的一次性废物处理袋中。但是在此之前，去盖头部压在盖的中心上，以便将内部处理组件与盖脱开。预处理(混合)工位500具有膨胀卡头，卡头抓握处理组件、将其略微抬起并按照试样特定搅动规则(速度和时间)来运动(例如旋转)。过滤器加载工位600将试样特定过滤器类型分散到处理组件顶部上的颗粒物质分离腔室内(歧管)。试样获取工位700具有密封在处理组件顶部的过滤器上的抽取头部，并首先缓慢地运动处理组件以便在基于液体的试样内重新悬浮颗粒物质。接着抽取头部在过滤器内抽取真空，以便从管瓶中吸取基于液体的试样，并通过过滤器，在过滤器底表面上留下薄层细胞。此后薄层试样输送到新载片上，并且容器运动到重新封盖工位，其中施加箔片类型的密封件。
按照本发明的优选实施例，图1a所示的LBP装置还装备有流体采样抽取工位100，该抽取工位适用于与LBP装置处理的任何试样容器内的处理组件(搅拌器)接合。如附图所示，流体采样抽取工位100位于LBP装置的混合工位500之后(下游)。但是，流体采样抽取工位还可位于试样获取工位700的下游。
参考图2和3，以特殊模制塑料试管102为形式的标本容座用来在流体采样抽取工位100收集试样流体，以便通过其他处理装置处理，或者外部PCR和其他测试规则、装置或系统。试管102对于传感器是透明的，并设计成收集大约5毫升的试样流体，尽管可以采用较小或较大试管或其他类型的标本容座。每个试管102最好通过激光刻出独特的机器可读取的条形码数字103。试管本身和/或它们的封闭盖105进行颜色编码以便区分试样类型(例如血液、尿样、唾液、胃肠、子宫和前列腺)。试样类型还可通过采用不同尺寸或高度的容座(试管)来区分。
试管102的一端安装有例如瓣阀的热塑弹性体单向阀104。阀材料的弹性特征通常使得其中的小流动通道被紧密地挤压闭合，而没有潜在的标本泄漏。该阀具有暴露的前表面112，当它连接到从中抽取流体的元件上，它用来作为垫片。在优选配置中，该元件是已经位于试样容器20内的处理组件(搅拌器)40的抽取管43，容器位于LBP装置的输送器上。靠近入口开口108的阀的暴露尖端最好成锥形以便进入搅拌器抽取管43的上端并与其密封。通过出口开口110的通常闭合的非常小的流动通道形成在暴露于试管内部的锥形尖端上。试管的相对端部是敞开的，但可以在填充之后通过盖子105密封(例如由弹性体止挡密封)。
单向阀104通过相对于出口开口110的压力提高入口开口108的压力来启动。在此实施例中，作用在试管的开口端上的真空还作用在阀的出口开口110上，造成流体通过通常闭合阀流动通道只在向内的一个方向上抽取。作为选择，试样容器20的加压迫使流体通过搅拌器管43和单向阀104进入试管102。
在填充并封盖之后，试管102内的正压或试管的初步处理不会造成流体通过单向阀104返回。这消除潜在的生物危害的来源和标本交叉污染。但是，阀104的弹性材料可机械屈服使得流体溢流。图5表示如何从试管102提取收集的流体标本的一个实例。注射器103可用来通过单向阀104接近流体。单向阀的作用使得钝面套管进入试管，而不损坏阀的自密封特性。为此可以使用手持注射器或机械致动注射器(连接到真空源上)。
在操作中，作为LBP装置的一部分，流体采样抽取工位100将试管102向下运动以便将单向阀104与该工位内的试样容器20内的搅拌器40受力连接。装备有垫片的真空盖120连接到试管的远端上(未封盖)，试样通过中空搅拌器管43和单向阀104抽取流体。真空盖102连接到LBP系统真空源上并通过电磁阀控制。迫使单向阀104与搅拌器40接合的同一气动致动器(未示出)同样将真空盖102压靠试管，以便形成真空密封。传统液位控制系统包括监测抽取过程的液位传感器106，并当到达适当液位时向控制器发出停止操作的信号。条形码读取器109(见图4)读取试管上的条形码，将试管条形码数字与试样容器(例如管瓶)的条形码数字链接，并且获取的数据进入数据管理系统(DMS)。此后，盖子105在封盖工位107施加在试管的远端上。
流体采样抽取工位100的启动最好通过用于每个试样的特殊的处理规则来控制。因此，可以有从中不抽取流体标本的试样容器20，在这种情况下，流体采样抽取工位保持空置，而容器位于其中。流体采样抽取工位再次根据用于每个试样的特定处理规则抽取可变的流体容积。为此，多个垂直隔开的液位传感器106将监测试管102中液位的变化，并且当获取特定流体容积时终止液体的抽取。
图4表示流体采样抽取工位100如何与LBP装置连接的细节。在一个实施例中，空试管102在振动漏斗给料器中加载，盖给料器将试管取向成管端向下并通过重力操作的轨道将试管分配到输送给料机构内，例如弹带盒或带式给料机116。所述输送机构与LBP装置的容器输送输送器240横向地分配试管(如图4所示从顶部到底部，图2所示从左侧到右侧)。这例如通过由两个气缸(未示出)操作的步进梁擒纵机来实现。一个缸进行线性运动，而另一个缸提供接合/脱开功能。在抽取期间，弹带盒116还使得试管进行将阀尖端密封112夹紧到搅拌器管43上所需的垂直运动。
如上所述，试管封盖在封盖工位107进行。这里，模制弹性体止挡105从供应容器(未示出)擒纵供应，并压入试管的开口顶部以便形成密封。对于此操作，将止挡105供应到预先加载管的单元上并从管脱开到加压腔室(未示出)，其中空气操作的致动器强迫止挡到试管颈部上。鼓风/真空系统103从单向阀104的尖端上去除任何的残留流体。填充的试管接着在弹出工位从盒116弹出，其中它们输送到收集罐118。
将理解到本发明在此应用中不局限于以上描述和附图所示的优选实施例的部件和方法的构造和配置的细节。本领域普通技术人员将明白多种变型而不偏离由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围。作为一个实例，单向阀可由任何适当的弹性材料制成，或者由在小于密封所需柔性的区域内涂覆弹性材料或连接在弹性材料上的较硬材料制成。作为另一实例，标本容座(例如试管)可使用任何适当的机构供应到流体采样抽取工位(并从中取出)，该机构例如通过振动碗形给料机直接供应，或通过拾取-放置机构单独放置和取出。
另外，应该注意到本发明在其最广义的方面不需要试样预先混合，或任何类型的试样预处理。也不需要使用与图2所示的特殊内部处理组件40一起预先包装以及在所述临时申请No.60/372,080和一同提交的所述非临时申请中披露的试样管瓶。也不需要输送器将试样自动输送到操作工位/头部。并且不需要使用那些申请中披露和以上描述的特定类型的试样获取/载片制造工位700。因此，例如，可以使用例如CytycTHINPREP2000和3000LBP装置的可购买到的其他LBP处理和机器，按照用于处理流体试样的新颖方法制造基于载片的标本，以便获取液体标本和基于载片的标本。在这种实施例中，试样容器、显微镜载片、过滤器和液体标本容座可通过机器的操作者手动放置到装置内。
工业实用性
以上的披露提供一种用于处理和操作基于液体的试样(例如细胞试样)的安全、有效、准确、精确、可重复、成本低、效率高、快速和方便的系统和方法，以便获取液体标本和基于载片的标本，从而进行随后的测试和/或分析。

Claims (63)

1.一种用于单独处理各自容器内的多个流体试样的自动方法，该方法包括：
沿处理路径逐一输送容器试样将其提供到处理头部，并随后以任何顺序到达包括流体采样抽取头部和试样获取头部的其他处理头部；
处理头部适用于对于提供到该头部上的每个容器内的试样进行预处理操作；
流体采样抽取头部适用于从提供到该头部上的任何容器中取出预处理流体并将取出的流体标本放置在各自标本容座内；
试样获取头部适用于从提供到该头部上的任何容器中抽取预处理流体，将抽取的流体输送通过过滤器以便在过滤器表面上收集颗粒物质，并且将过滤器压靠定位在处理路径附近的各自载片上，以便将颗粒物质标本传递到载片上；
启动预处理头部以响应容器提供到该头部上，从而单独进行预处理操作；
启动流体采样抽取头部以响应容器提供到该头部上，从而单独进行流体取出操作；
启动试样获取头部以响应容器提供到该头部上，从而单独进行抽取/标本传递到载片的操作。
2.如权利要求1所述的自动方法，其特征在于，其包括沿着与处理路径交叉的容座路径逐一输送标本容座到流体采样抽取头部。
3.如权利要求2所述的自动方法，其特征在于，其包括沿着与处理路径交叉的容座路径逐一输送其中含有来自流体采样抽取头部的流体标本的标本容座。
4.如权利要求3所述的自动方法，其特征在于，标本容座输送到流体采样抽取头部并输送离开流体采样抽取头部与容器沿处理路径的输送同步。
5.如权利要求1所述的自动方法，其特征在于，每个容器其中具有带有抽取管的处理组件，并且流体采样抽取头部经由抽取管从容器取出流体。
6.如权利要求5所述的自动方法，其特征在于，处理组件具有适用于容纳过滤器的上颗粒物质分离腔室，并且抽取管从分离腔室悬置并与分离腔室连通。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的自动方法，其特征在于，每个标本容座具有入口，流体采样抽取头部使得标本容座的入口与处理组件抽取管密封接合，并且流体直接抽取到标本容座内。
8.如权利要求7所述的自动方法，其特征在于，标本容座的入口包括使得流体流入但不流出标本容座的单向阀，流体采样抽取头部使得单向阀与处理组件抽取管密封接合，并且流体经由单向阀直接抽取到标本容座内。
9.如权利要求8所述的自动方法，其特征在于，流体采样抽取头部向下运动标本容座以便在流体抽取到标本容座内之前将单向阀与处理组件抽取管接合，并且在抽取流体之后向上运动以便将单向阀与抽取管脱开。
10.如权利要求9所述的自动方法，其特征在于，其包括沿着与处理路径交叉的容座路径逐一输送标本容座到流体采样抽取头部。
11.如权利要求10所述的自动方法，其特征在于，其包括沿着与处理路径交叉的容座路径逐一输送其中含有来自流体采样抽取头部的流体标本的标本容座。
12.如权利要求11所述的自动方法，其特征在于，标本容座输送到流体采样抽取头部并输送离开流体采样抽取头部与容器沿处理路径的输送同步。
13.如权利要求12所述的自动方法，其特征在于，流体采样抽取头部将预定量的流体抽取到标本容座内。
14.如权利要求1所述的自动方法，其特征在于，流体采样抽取头部将预定量的流体抽取到标本容座内。
15.一种用于单独处理各自容器内的多个流体试样的自动装置，该装置包括：
用于沿着处理路径逐一支承和提供容器的容器输送器；
沿着处理路径并适用于对通过容器输送器提供到其中的每个容器中的试样进行预处理操作的预处理头部；
沿着处理路径、位于预处理头部的下游、适用于从容器中取出预处理流体并将取出的流体标本放置在各自标本容座内的流体采样抽取头部；
沿着处理路径、位于预处理头部的下游、适用于从通过容器输送器输送其中的容器中抽取预处理流体并将流体输送通过过滤器以便在过滤器的表面上收集颗粒物质标本的试样获取头部，试样获取头部将过滤器压靠定位在处理路径附近的载片上以便将颗粒物质标本传递到载片上；以及
控制预处理头部的操作、控制流体采样抽取头部的操作、控制试样获取头部的操作以及容器输送器的运动的控制器，控制器响应容器提供到预处理头部，使得预处理头部单独地预处理提供到该头部上的容器内的试样，控制器响应容器提供到流体采样抽取头部，使得流体采样抽取头部单独地从中取出预处理流体，并且控制器响应容器提供到试样获取头部，使得标本获取头部单独从中抽取预处理流体并将颗粒物质标本从过滤器传递到载片上。
16.如权利要求15所述的自动装置，其特征在于，其包括沿着与处理路径交叉的容座路径逐一输送标本容座到流体采样抽取头部的容座输送器。
17.如权利要求16所述的自动装置，其特征在于，容座输送器沿着与处理路径交叉的容座路径逐一输送其中含有来自流体采样抽取头部的流体标本的标本容座。
18.如权利要求17所述的自动装置，其特征在于，容座输送器在处理路径一侧上将标本容座输送到流体采样抽取头部，并在处理路径的另一侧上将其中具有流体标本的同一标本容座输送离开流体采样抽取头部。
19.如权利要求18所述的自动装置，其特征在于，标本输送和容器输送是同步的。
20.如权利要求15所述的自动装置，其特征在于，每个容器其中具有带有抽取管的处理组件，并且流体采样抽取头部经由抽取管从容器取出流体。
21.如权利要求20所述的自动装置，其特征在于，处理组件具有适用于容纳过滤器的上颗粒物质分离腔室，并且抽取管从分离腔室悬置并与分离腔室连通。
22.如权利要求20或21所述的自动装置，其特征在于，每个标本容座具有入口，流体采样抽取头部具有使得标本容座朝着容器运动以使标本容座的入口与处理组件抽取管密封接合由此流体直接抽取到标本容座内的致动器。
23.如权利要求22所述的自动装置，其特征在于，标本容座的入口包括使得流体流入但不流出标本容座的单向阀，流体采样抽取头部致动器运动标本容座使得单向阀与处理组件抽取管密封接合，由此流体经由单向阀直接抽取到标本容座内。
24.如权利要求23所述的自动装置，其特征在于，流体采样抽取头部的致动器向下运动标本容座以便在流体抽取到标本容座内之前将单向阀与处理组件抽取管接合，并且在抽取流体之后向上运动以便将单向阀与抽取管脱开。
25.如权利要求24所述的自动装置，其特征在于，其包括沿着与处理路径交叉的容座路径逐一输送标本容座到流体采样抽取头部的容座输送器。
26.如权利要求25所述的自动装置，其特征在于，容座输送器沿着与处理路径交叉的容座路径逐一输送其中含有来自流体采样抽取头部的流体标本的标本容座。
27.如权利要求26所述的自动装置，其特征在于，容座输送器在处理路径一侧上将标本容座输送到流体采样抽取头部，并在处理路径的另一侧上将其中具有流体标本的同一标本容座输送离开流体采样抽取头部。
28.如权利要求27所述的自动装置，其特征在于，标本输送和容器输送是同步的。
29.如权利要求28所述的自动装置，其特征在于，流体采样抽取头部将预定量的流体抽取到标本容座内。
30.如权利要求15所述的自动装置，其特征在于，流体采样抽取头部将预定量的流体抽取到标本容座内。
31.如权利要求15所述的自动装置，其特征在于，每个标本容座包括具有开口端的试管和位于另一端上以使得流体流入但不流出试管的单向阀，并且流体采样抽取头部包括适用于可松开地与试管的开口端接合并将抽取作用施加其上的真空装配件。
32.如权利要求31所述的自动装置，其特征在于，每个容器其中具有带有抽取管的处理组件，并且流体采样抽取头部经由抽取管从容器取出流体，流体采样抽取头部包括运动试管使得单向阀与处理组件抽取管密封接合由此流体经由单向阀直接抽取到标本容座内的致动器。
33.一种用于单独处理各自容器内的多个流体试样的自动方法，该方法包括：
沿处理路径逐一输送容器试样，以任何顺序将其提供到流体采样工位和试样获取工位；
流体采样工位适用于从提供其中的任何容器中取出流体并将取出的流体标本放置在标本容座内；
试样获取工位适用于从提供其中的任何容器中取出流体，从取出的流体分离颗粒物质，并形成颗粒物质的标本层；
启动流体采样工位以响应容器提供其中的操作，从而单独进行流体取出操作；以及
启动流体采样工位以响应容器提供其中的操作，从而单独进行流体取出、颗粒物质分离和标本形成操作。
34.如权利要求33所述的自动方法，其特征在于，其包括沿着容座路径将标本容座输送到流体采样工位并输送离开流体采样工位。
35.如权利要求34所述的自动方法，其特征在于，标本容座输送到流体采样工位并输送离开流体采样工位与容器沿处理路径的输送同步。
36.如权利要求35所述的自动方法，其特征在于，容座路径与处理路径交叉。
37.如权利要求36所述的自动方法，其特征在于，试样获取工位适用于在过滤器表面上收集颗粒物质层，并且将过滤器压靠靠近处理路径定位的载片以便将颗粒物质标本传递到载片上。
38.如权利要求33所述的自动方法，其特征在于，试样获取工位适用于在过滤器表面上收集颗粒物质层，并且将过滤器压靠靠近处理路径定位的载片以便将颗粒物质标本传递到载片上。
39.一种用于单独处理各自容器内的多个流体试样的自动装置，该装置包括：
用于沿着处理路径逐一支承和提供容器的容器输送器；
沿着处理路径并适用于从通过容器输送器提供到其中的每个容器取出流体并将取出的流体标本放置在标本容座内的流体采样头部；
沿着处理路径并适用于从通过容器输送器提供到其中的每个容器取出试样、从取出的流体分离颗粒物质以及形成颗粒物质标本层的试样获取头部；以及
控制流体采样头部的操作、控制试样获取头部的操作以及容器输送器的运动的控制器，控制器响应容器提供到流体采样头部，使得流体采样头部单独地从中取出流体，并且控制器响应容器提供到试样获取头部，使得标本获取头部单独从中抽取流体、从取出流体在分离颗粒物质并形成颗粒物质标本层。
40.如权利要求39所述的自动装置，其特征在于，其包括沿着容座路径将标本容座逐一输送到流体采样工位并输送离开流体采样工位的容座输送器。
41.如权利要求40所述的自动装置，其特征在于，容座输送器和容器输送器是同步的。
42.如权利要求41所述的自动装置，其特征在于，容座路径和处理路径交叉。
43.如权利要求42所述的自动装置，其特征在于，试样获取工位适用于在过滤器表面上收集颗粒物质层，并且将过滤器压靠靠近处理路径定位的载片以便将颗粒物质标本传递到载片上。
44.一种用于收集流体标本的容座，其包括：
用于容纳和保持流体的中空主体；
由主体承载并在主体外部和内部具有流体流动通道的单向阀，阀压力致动，使得当外部压力超过内部压力时流体流入主体内部，并且防止流体在任何其他相对压力条件的影响下从主体溢流；以及
远离阀的主体内的气孔。
45.如权利要求44所述的容座，其特征在于，阀具有通向主体外部的入口部分和通向主体内部的出口部分，流动通道在入口部分和出口部分之间延伸，当内部和外部压力大致相同时，流动通道的至少一部分朝着闭合位置弹性偏压，并且可以膨胀，使得流体流入主体，以响应从入口部分到出口部分的阀上的正压力差。
46.如权利要求45所述的容座，其特征在于，在出口部分内的流动通道的部分朝着弹性偏压部分成锥形。
47.如权利要求46所述的容座，其特征在于，出口部分具有暴露于主体内部的锥形尖端，并且流动通道的弹性偏压部分延伸通过锥形的尖端。
48.如权利要求45-47任一项所述的容座，其特征在于，其中形成弹性流动通道的阀的部分由弹性材料制成。
49.如权利要求48所述的容座，其特征在于，弹性材料是弹性体。
50.如权利要求48所述的容座，其特征在于，整个阀由弹性材料制成，入口部分适用于与将要收集的流体源形成密封。
51.如权利要求50所述的容座，其特征在于，所述弹性材料是弹性体。
52.如权利要求45-47任一项所述的容座，其特征在于，整个阀由弹性材料制成，入口部分适用于与将要收集的流体源形成密封。
53.如权利要求52所述的容座，其特征在于，弹性材料是弹性体。
54.如权利要求44-47任一项所述的容座，其特征在于，阀包括当主体填充流体时气体通过其中离开主体内部的孔口。
55.如权利要求54所述的容座，其特征在于，主体是大致的管状，阀位于管的一端，并且气孔包括位于管另一端上的开口。
56.如权利要求55所述的容座，其特征在于，阀适用于在获得流体标本之后与封闭件密封。
57.一种用于从容器内的流体试样中获得不同类型标本的装置，其包括：
用于容器的支承件；
适用于从容器中取出流体并将取出的流体放置在标本容座内的流体采样头部；以及
适用于从容器中取出流体、从取出流体中分离颗粒物质并形成颗粒物质标本层的试样获取头部。
58.如权利要求57所述的装置，其特征在于，容座具有入口，并且流体采样头部适用于从容器抽取流体，并通过对于施加容座抽取作用经由入口直接进入容座。
59.如权利要求58所述的装置，其特征在于，试样获取头部适用于从容器抽取流体并经由过滤器收集过滤器上的标本层。
60.如权利要求59所述的装置，其特征在于，试样获取头部适用于将颗粒物质的标本层传递到载片上。
61.一种用于从容器内的流体试样中获得不同类型标本的方法，其包括：
在装置中支承容器；
将试样放置成与装置的流体采样工位流体连通，由此流体从容器取出并放置到标本容座内；以及
将试样放置成与装置的流体获取工位流体连通，由此流体从容器取出，颗粒物质与取出的流体分离，并形成颗粒物质的标本层。
62.如权利要求61所述的方法，其特征在于，该装置将颗粒物质的标本层放置在载片上。
63.如权利要求60、61或62所述的方法，其特征在于，试样是生物试样。
CNA028253450A 2001-10-19 2002-10-21 处理试样以提取用于基于液体和基于载片的测试的标本的自动系统和方法 Pending CN1605028A (zh)

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IL159541A0 (en) 2004-06-01
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