CN1630834A - 具有磁性可记录介质的照相打印物 - Google Patents

具有磁性可记录介质的照相打印物 Download PDF

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CN1630834A
CN1630834A CNA028292014A CN02829201A CN1630834A CN 1630834 A CN1630834 A CN 1630834A CN A028292014 A CNA028292014 A CN A028292014A CN 02829201 A CN02829201 A CN 02829201A CN 1630834 A CN1630834 A CN 1630834A
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ink
driver
nozzle
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卡·西尔弗布鲁克
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Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
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Abstract

相机提供在中央处理器(4)的控制下通过打印机设备(6)打印在打印介质上的照片(7)。照片(7)是CCD传感器(3)所提供的图像(5)的印迹。照片(7)包括打印介质，其另外具有可磁记录介质，其使从声音麦克风(13)接收的由声音芯片(10)处理并且/或者由中央处理器处理的声音可以用磁记录头(16)记录在照片(7)上。照片(7)是使用喷墨打印机而打印在适当喷墨兼容打印介质上的，该介质优选地具有照片(7)的背面上的可磁记录介质和照片(7)的前表面上的图像(2)。

Description

具有磁性可记录介质的照相打印物
技术领域
本发明涉及数字图像相机领域，更具体而言，公开了具有可磁记录特征的用于艺术照片或照片的相机和介质。
背景技术
优选实施例优选地通过修改诸如在专利申请USSN 09/113,060中描述的手持相机设备来实施，所述专利申请要求提交于1997年7月15日的题为“Image Processing Method and Apparatus”(Art 01)的澳大利亚临时申请No.PO7991的优先权。
上述专利说明书公开了一种相机系统，以下被称为“Artcam”型相机，其中所传感的图像可由Artcam便携相机单元直接打印出来。此外，上述说明书公开了用于对相机传感设备所捕获的图像进行各种操纵从而导致产生任何输出图像中的各种效果的装置和方法。所述操纵被公开为在本质上高度灵活并且可通过插入到Artcam卡中来实施，所述卡在其上编码了用于操纵图像的各种指令，该卡在以下被称为Artcard。Artcam进一步具有Artcam中央处理器单元(ACP)中的显著的板载处理能力，所述单元被互连于存储器设备以便于存储重要数据和图像。
Artcam相机系统是具有内建整体彩色打印机的数字相机。另外，该相机提供了用于增加图像传感系统的可见分辨率并将图像转换成各种各样的“艺术风格”以及图形增强的硬件和软件。
在一个方面中，Artcam相机系统包括：至少一个面积图像传感器，用于成像场景；相机处理器装置，用于依照预定场景变换要求来处理所述被成像的场景；打印机，用于在打印介质上将所述经处理的图像场景打印出来；打印介质；以及打印墨，其被存储在所述相机系统内的单个可拆卸模块中，所述相机系统包括便携手持单元，用于通过所述面积图像传感器来成像场景并通过所述打印机将所述场景直接打印出所述相机系统。
优选地，相机系统包括用于存储打印介质的打印辊和用于由打印机来利用的打印墨，打印辊可从相机系统被拆卸。此外，打印辊可包括包含认证信息的认证芯片，并且相机处理装置适合于询问认证芯片以当所述打印辊被插入所述相机系统内时确定其可靠性。
此外，打印机可包括按需滴墨喷墨打印机和用于分离所打印的照片的剪切机装置。
借助这种安排，能用每个输出照片来记录辅助信息将是理想的。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是为诸如音频的信息的磁记录提供Artcam设备所输出的照片。
依照本发明的第一方面，提供了一种用于生成图像的相机系统，该相机系统包括：传感器，用于传感图像；处理装置，用于依照预定处理要求来处理所传感的图像；打印机装置，用于在打印介质的表面上打印所传感的图像，所述打印介质包括磁敏感表面；磁记录装置，用于在磁敏感表面上记录关联信息。
所述关联信息可包括与所传感的图像关联的音频信息，并且打印机装置优选地在所述打印介质的第一表面上打印所传感的图像，而磁记录装置在打印介质的第二表面上记录关联信息。打印介质可被存储在相机系统中的内部可拆卸辊上。在一个实施例中，磁敏感表面可包括被附着于打印介质后表面的磁条(strip)。
依照本发明的第二方面，提供了一种用于记录图像的相机系统，所述相机系统包括：
电子图像传感器，用于传感图像；
数字处理装置，用于依照预定处理要求来处理所述所传感的图像；
照片宽度喷墨打印机装置，用于在喷墨打印介质的表面上打印所述经处理的图像，所述喷墨打印介质包括磁记录表面；
磁记录装置，用于在所述磁记录表面上记录关联信息。
优选地，所述关联信息包括与所述所传感的图像关联的音频信息。
优选地，打印机装置在所述打印介质的第一表面上打印所述所传感的图像，而磁记录装置在所述打印介质的第二表面上记录所述关联信息。优选地，所述第一和所述第二表面处于所述打印介质的不同面上。
优选地，所述喷墨打印介质被存储在所述相机系统中的内部可拆卸辊上，所述相机系统包括手持便携相机设备，所述照片宽度喷墨打印机被构建到所述手持便携相机设备内。
附图说明
尽管有可属于本发明范围内的任何其它形式，但仅为了举例，现在将参照附图来描述本发明的优选形式，在附图中：
图1示意性地说明依照优选实施例构建的相机系统；
图2示意性地说明优选实施例的打印机机构和记录机构；
图3说明在照片背面的磁条的格式；
图4说明被用于读取在照片的背面记录的数据的读取器设备；并且
图5说明对优选实施例的设备的利用。
具体实施方式
在所述优选实施例中，磁敏感打印介质材料被用于在输出照片的背面记录音频消息。Artcam设备被改变成包括磁记录设备，其可包括覆盖照片的整个表面的磁记录器的阵列，或者可替换的是，可提供磁条，其中，例如照片的中心部分是磁敏感的。Artcam设备被进一步提供了记录音频消息以便于以后回放的能力。
该优选实施例优选地通过对诸如在提交于1997年7月15日的题为“Image Processing Method and Apparatus”(Art01)的澳大利亚临时申请No.PO7991(USSN 09/113,060)中描述的手持相机设备进行适当编程来实施。
上述专利说明书公开了一种相机系统，以下被称为“Artcam”型相机，其中所传感的图像可由Artcam便携相机单元直接打印出来。此外，上述说明书公开了用于对相机传感设备所捕获的图像进行各种操作从而导致产生任何输出图像中的各种效果的装置和方法。所述操作被公开为在本质上高度灵活并且可通过插入到Artcam卡中来实施，所述卡在其上编码了用于操作图像的各种指令，所述卡在以下被称为Artcard。Artcam进一步具有借助Artcam中央处理器单元(ACP)的显著的板上(onboard)处理能力，所述单元被互连于存储器设备以便于存储重要数据和图像。
在该优选实施例中，Artcam设备被适当地修改成向其配备麦克风设备和关联的记录技术。当获取照片时，提供了记录周围声音环境或与该图像关联的消息的机会。打印介质或膜被预处理以使其以类似于磁带介质所提供的方式是磁敏感的。记录可处于输出照片的整个背面上，或者可替换的是，可提供磁敏感条。所记录的音频以经编码的格式被存储在输出照片的背面，所述编码优选地处于高度数字弹性形式。所记录的音频提供了与对应照片关联的永久音频记录。然后，提供回放设备用于扫描经编码的音频并解码该信息。
现在转到图1，以示意形式说明了优选实施例1，其包括如在上述专利说明书中描述的装置，其中图像2通过CCD传感器3来感测并被转发给Artcam中央处理器4，其包括如在上述专利说明书中描述的大量计算资源。Artcam中央处理器4可将图像存储在存储器5中，该存储器优选地包括高速RAMBUS(商标)界面存储器。Artcam中央处理器4除了负责控制磁记录头16，用于在照片背面进行记录以外，亦负责控制打印头6的工作，用于打印出全色照片，例如7，从而按需提供即时图像。
在该优选实施例中，相机装置1亦被提供有声音芯片10，其在ACP处理器4的控制下通过RAMBUS总线11而连接至存储器5。声音芯片10可处于标准或专门的形式，并且可例如包括DSP处理器，其从声音麦克风13获取模拟输入12。可替换的是，随着芯片复杂度的增加(摩尔定律)，声音芯片10的功能性可被结合到ACP芯片4上，其优选地包括前沿CMOS型集成电路芯片。将容易显而易见的是，属于本发明范围内的许多其它类型的装置可被提供。
声音芯片10将模拟输入12转换成对应的数字形式并将其转发以便于存储在存储器5中。记录过程可借助于按压相机设备上的按钮(未示出)来激励，该按钮处于ACP处理器4的控制下，否则当获取照片时，它可基本上是自动的。所记录的数据被存储在存储器5中。
现在转到图2，相机装置优选地包括诸如喷墨打印机的打印机设备6，其包括用于在兼容打印介质17上打印图像的打印头6和磁记录头16。另外的打印头可被用于在打印介质17的背面打印信息。用于在输出照片图像的背面打印信息的类似装置被描述于USSN 09/112,741(Art 12)中，其内容在此引入作为交叉参考。
现在转到图3，说明了在照片介质17的背面形成的磁条18的实例，所述条通过图1或图2的记录头16被记录于其上。所记录的信息可包括位置、日期和时间数据，其中位置数据借助于键盘输入来提供，或可替换地通过包括诸如GPS等的定位系统来提供。图4示出了图像17的背面，其上亦被记录了音频信息的经编码的形式22。编码的格式可以是本领域技术人员知识范围内的任何形式。然而，优选的是所述编码提供了高度容错的编码形式以容许可由于使用和处理打印介质而产生的错误。所述编码格式可以是例如对数据的Reed-Solomon编码以提供高度的容错性。
现在转到图4，当需要“回放”所记录的音频时，照片17被传递经过读取器设备26，其包括压轮，用于将照片17引导经过磁性传感器设备27。
现在参考图5，以示意形式说明了图5的音频读取器设备26的操作。磁性传感器27被互连于第二Artcam中央处理器(ACP)28，其很适合于读取和解码在照片背面存储的数据。经解码的音频信息被存储在存储器32中以便于通过扬声器29上的声音处理芯片35来回放。声音处理芯片35可在ACP解码器28的控制下工作，该解码器又在各种用户输入控制33的控制下工作，所述控制可包括音量控制、倒带(rewind)、播放和快进控制等。
从对优选实施例的以上描述可以看出，提供了一种系统，用于自动记录与输出图像关联的音频以提供与在喷墨介质上打印的照片关联的音频记录。亦公开了一种音频读取器系统，用于读取在这种照片的背面记录的图像。
本领域的技术人员将理解，可在不脱离如广泛描述的本发明的精神和范围内，可对如在特定实施例中示出的本发明做出大量改变和/或修改。例如，利用更为复杂的音频记录和回放技术，如立体声和B格式技术。因此，当前实施例应被认为在所有方面上是说明性的而非局限性的。
喷墨技术
本发明的实施例使用喷墨打印机型设备。当然，许多不同的设备可被使用。然而，当前流行的喷墨打印技术未必是适合的。
有关热喷墨的最显著的问题是功耗。其是高速度所需的功耗的近似100倍，并且源于墨滴喷出的能量低效的装置。这包含使水快速沸腾以产生排出墨的汽泡。水具有很高的热容，并且在热喷墨应用中必须被过度加热。这导致从电输入到墨滴动量(和增加的表面面积)输出的0.02％左右的效率。
有关压电喷墨的最显著的问题是尺寸和成本。压电晶体在合理的驱动电压处具有很小的偏转，并因此需要一大面积用于每个喷嘴。还有，每个压电激励器必须被连接于分离基片上的其驱动电路。这在每个打印头300个左右喷嘴的目前限制下不是显著的问题，但对于制造具有19,200个喷嘴的页宽打印头是主要的障碍。
理想的是，所使用的喷墨技术满足相机内数字彩色打印和其它高质量、高速度、低成本打印应用的严格要求。为满足数字摄影术的要求，已创建了新的喷墨技术。目标特征包括：
低功率(小于10瓦)
高分辨率能力(1,600dpi或以上)
摄影质量输出
低制造成本
小尺寸(页宽乘以最小横截面)
高速度(＜2秒每页)。
所有这些特征都可由以下所述的喷墨系统以不同的难度级别来满足或超过。45种不同的喷墨技术已由受让人开发以给出用于大量制造的宽范围的选择。这些技术形成被转让给本受让人的分离应用的部分，如在以下的表中所提出的。
在此示出的喷墨设计适合于宽范围的数字打印系统，从电池供电的一次使用的数字相机到桌面和网络打印机，并且到商业打印系统。
为便于使用标准过程设备来制造，打印头被设计成具有MEMS后处理的单片0.5微米CMOS芯片。对于彩色摄影应用，打印头是100mm长，具有取决于喷墨类型的宽度。所设计的最小打印头是IJ38，其是0.35mm宽，从而给出35平方毫米的芯片面积。打印头的每个都包含19,200个喷嘴加上数据和控制电路。
墨通过注模塑料墨通道而供应到打印头的后面。所述模制件需要50微米的特征，其可通过在标准注模工具中使用平板印刷地微机械加工的插入物来产生。墨流经通过晶片而刻蚀的孔到达在晶片的前表面上制造的喷嘴室。打印头通过带自动绑定(tape automated bonding)而连接于相机电路。
按需滴墨喷墨表
各个喷墨喷嘴的基本操作的十一个重要特性已被标识。这些特性很大程度上是正交的，因此可被说明为十一维矩阵。该矩阵的十一个轴的大多数包括由本受让人开发的项。
以下的表形成喷墨类型的十一维表的轴。
激励器机构(18种类型)
基本操作模式(7种类型)
辅助机构(8种类型)
激励器放大或修改方法(17种类型)
激励器运动(19种类型)
喷嘴再填充方法(4种类型)
限制通过入口的回流的方法(10种类型)
喷嘴清扫方法(9种类型)
喷嘴板构造(9种类型)
墨滴喷出方向(5种类型)
墨类型(7种类型)
由这些轴表示的完整的十一维表包含喷墨喷嘴的369亿种可能配置。尽管不是所有可能的组合都导致可行的喷墨技术，但成百万个配置是可行的。说明所有可能配置显然是不实际的。相反，某些喷墨类型已被详细调查。这些被表示为以上的IJ01到IJ45。
可通过替换沿这11个轴的一个或多个的可替换配置从这45个实例中容易地得到其它喷墨配置。IJ01到IJ45实例的大多数可以以优于任何当前可用的喷墨技术的特性而被结合到喷墨打印头中。
在有发明人已知的现有技术实例的情况下，这些实例的一个或多个被列在下表的实例列中。IJ01到IJ45系列亦被列在实例列中。在一些情况下，在打印机享有具有多于一个项的特性时，该打印机可在表中被列出多于一次。
用于喷墨技术的适当应用包括：家用打印机、办公室网络打印机、短期数字打印机、商业打印系统、织物打印机、袖珍打印机、互联网WWW打印机、视频打印机、医学成像、宽格式打印机、笔记本PC打印机、传真机、工业打印系统、照片复印机、摄影微型实验室等。
            与上述11维矩阵关联的信息在下表中被提出。
激励器机构(仅应用于所选墨滴)
描述 优点 缺点 实例
热泡 电热加热器将墨加热至沸点以上，从而将相当的热传递给水性墨。气泡成核并迅速形成，排出墨。该过程的效率是低的，其中典型地小于0.05％的电能被变换成墨滴的动能。 ·产生大的力·构造简单·没有移动部分·快速操作·激励器所需的小芯片面积 ·高功率·墨载体局限于水·低效率·需要高温·高机械应力·需要不常用的材料·大驱动晶体管·气穴导致激励器故障·Kogation减少气泡形成·难以制造大打印头 ·CanonBubblejet 1979Endo等GB专利2,007,162·Xeroxheater-in-pit 1990Hawkins等USP4,899,181·Hewlett-PackardTIJ 1982 Vaught等USP 4,490,728
压电 诸如锆酸镧铅(PZT)的压电晶体被电激励，并且膨胀、剪切或弯曲以 ·低功耗·很多墨类型可被使用·快速操 ·激励器所需的很大面积·难以与电子器件集成 ·Kyser等USP3,946,398·Zoltan USP3,683,212·1973 Stemme
施加压力给墨，从而喷出墨滴。 作·高效率 ·需要高电压驱动晶体管·由于激励器尺寸而使全页宽打印头不实用·在制造期间需要以高场强进行电极化(poling) USP 3,747,120·Epson Stylus·Tektronix·IJ04
电伸缩 电场被用于激励诸如钛酸锆酸镧铅(PLZT)或铌酸镁铅(PMN)的张弛振荡器材料中的电致伸缩性 ·低功耗·多种墨可被使用·低热膨胀·可没有困难地产生所需电场强(近似3.5V/μm)·不需要电极化 ·低最大应变(近似0.01％)·由于低应变而导致激励器所需的大面积·响应速度是临界的(～10μs)·需要高电压驱动晶体管·由于激励器尺寸而使 ·Seiko Epson，Usui等JP253401/96·IJ04
全页宽打印头不实用
铁电 电场被用于感应反铁电(AFE)和铁电相之间的相变。诸如锡改性的钛酸锆酸镧铅(PLZSnT)的钙钛矿材料显示出与AFE到FE的相变关联的高达1％的大应变。 ·低功耗·多种墨可被使用·快速操作(＜1μs)·相对高的纵向应变·高效率·可容易地提供3V/μm左右的电场强度 ·难以与电子器件集成·需要诸如PLZSnT的不常用的材料·激励器需要大面积 ·IJ04
  静电板 传导性板由可压缩或流体电介质(通常为空气)来分离。一旦施加了电压，所述板相互吸引并移位墨，从而导致墨滴喷出。传导性板可处于梳状或蜂巢状 ·低功耗·多种墨可被使用·快速操作 ·难以在水性环境下操作静电设备·静电激励器通常需要与墨分离·实现大的力需要很大面积·可能需要高电压驱动 ·IJ02，IJ04
结构，或被堆积以增加表面面积并因此增加所述力。 晶体管·由于激励器尺寸而导致全页宽打印头没有竞争力
静电拉引墨 强电场被施加给墨，基于此，静电吸引使墨向着打印介质加速 ·低电流消耗·低温 ·需要高电压·由于空气击穿而导致可能被火花损坏·随着墨滴尺寸减小，所需的场强增加·需要高电压驱动晶体管·静电场吸引粉尘 ·1989 Saito等，USP 4,799,068·1989 Miura等，USP 4,810,954·Tone-jet
永磁体电磁 电磁体直接吸引永磁体，从而移位墨并导致墨滴喷出。具有1特斯拉左右的场强的 ·低功耗·多种墨可被使用·快速操作·高效率 ·复杂的制造·需要诸如钕铁硼(NdFeB)的永磁性材 ·IJ07，IJ10
稀土磁体可被使用。实例是：钐钴(SaCo)和钕铁硼族中的磁性材料(NdFeB，NdDyFeBNb，NdDyFeB等) ·容易从单个喷嘴扩展到页宽打印头 料·需要高局部电流·铜金属化应当被用于长的电迁移寿命和低电阻率·有色墨通常不可行·局限于Curie温度的操作温度(540K左右)
软磁芯电磁 螺线管在由诸如电镀铁合金(如CoNiFe[1]，CoFe，或NiFe合金)的铁材料制成的软磁芯或者磁轭中感应磁场。典型地，软磁性材料处于两个部分，其通常 ·低功耗·多种墨可被使用·快速操作·高效率·容易从单个喷嘴扩展到页宽打印头 ·复杂的制造·需要通常不在CMOS结构(fab)中存在的材料，如NiFe，CoNiFe或CoFe·需要高局部电流·铜金属化 ·IJ01，IJ05，IJ08，IJ10，IJ12，IJ14，IJ15，IJ17
由弹簧保持分开。当螺线管被激励时，所述两个部分吸引，从而移位墨。 应当被用于长的电迁移寿命和低电阻率·需要电镀·需要高饱和通量密度(借助CoNiFe[1]可实现2.0-2.1T)
Lorenz力 利用在磁场中施加于电流载运线上的Lorenz力。这允许磁场从外部被提供给打印头，例如借助稀土永磁体。仅电流载运线需要被制造于打印头上，从而简化了材料要求。 ·低功耗·多种墨可被使用·快速操作·高效率·容易从单个喷嘴扩展到页宽打印头 ·力起到扭转运动的作用·典型地，仅四分之一的螺线管长度提供有用方向上的力·需要高局部电流·铜金属化应当被用于长的电迁移寿命和低电阻率·有色墨通 ·IJ06，IJ11，IJ13，IJ16
常不可行
磁致伸缩 激励器使用诸如Terfenol-D(在NavalOrdnanceLaboratory开发的铽、镝和铁的合金，因此为Ter-Fe-NOL)的材料的巨磁致伸缩效应。为了最佳的效率，激励器应被预加应力至近似8MPa。 ·多种墨可被使用·快速操作·高效率·容易从单个喷嘴扩展到页宽打印头·可得到大的力 ·力起到扭转运动的作用·需要诸如Terfenol-D的不常用的材料·需要高局部电流·铜金属化应当被用于长的电迁移寿命和低电阻率·可能需要预加应力 ·Fischenbeck，USP 4,032,929·IJ25
表面张力降低 处于正压下的墨通过表面张力而保持在喷嘴中。墨的表面张力被降低于气泡阈以下，使墨自喷嘴外出 ·低功耗·简单的构造·在制造过程中不需要不常用的材料·高效率·容易从单个喷嘴 ·需要补充的力以实现墨滴分离·需要专门的墨表面活性剂·速度可受限于表面活性剂特性 ·Silverbrook，EP0771 658 A2和相关专利申请
扩展到页宽打印头
粘度降低 墨粘度被局部降低至以选择哪些墨滴要被喷出。粘度降低可对大多数墨电热地实现，但专门的墨可被设计用于100∶1的粘度降低 ·简单的构造·在制造过程中不需要不常用的材料·容易从单个喷嘴扩展到页宽打印头 ·需要补充的力以实现墨滴分离·需要专门的墨粘度特性·难以实现高速度·需要振荡的墨压力·需要高温差(典型为80度) ·Silverbrook，EP0771 658 A2和相关专利申请
声学的 声波被产生并聚集于墨滴喷出区域上 ·可无需喷嘴板而操作 ·复杂的驱动电路·复杂的制造·低效率·对墨滴位置的控制差·对墨滴体积的控制差 ·1993Hadimioglu等，EUP 550,192·1993 Elrod等，EUP 572,220
热弹性弯曲激励器 依赖于基于Joule加热的差分热膨胀的激 低功耗·多种墨可被使用 ·有效的水性操作需要热侧上的热 ·IJ03，IJ09，IJ17，IJ18，IJ19，IJ20，IJ21，IJ22，IJ23，
励器被使用 ·简单的平面制造·每个激励器所需的小芯片面积·快速操作·高效率·CMOS兼容的电压和电流·标准的MEMS过程可被使用·容易从单个喷嘴扩展到页宽打印头 绝缘体·防腐可能是困难的·有色墨可能不可行，因为色素颗粒可能堵塞弯曲激励器 IJ24，IJ27，IJ28，IJ29，IJ30，IJ31，IJ32，IJ33，IJ34，IJ35，IJ36，IJ37，IJ38，IJ39，IJ40，IJ41
高CTE热弹性激励器 使用具有很高热膨胀系数(CTE)的材料，如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。由于高CTE材料通常是非导 ·大的力可被产生·PTFE淀积的三种方法处于开发中：化学气相淀 ·需要专门材料(例如PTFE)·需要PTFE淀积过程，其还不是ULSI ·IJ09，IJ17，IJ18，IJ20，IJ21，IJ22，IJ23，IJ24，IJ27，IJ28，IJ29，IJ30，IJ31，IJ42，IJ43，IJ44
电性的，结合了由导电材料制造的加热器。具有多硅加热器的50μm长的PTFE弯曲激励器和15mW功率输入可提供180μN的力和10μm的偏转。激励器运动包括：弯曲推动翘曲(buckle)旋转 积(CVD)、旋涂和蒸发·PTFE是用于ULSI中的低电介质常数绝缘的候选者·很低的功耗·多种墨可被使用·简单的平面制造·每个激励器所需的小芯片面积·快速操作·高效率·CMOS兼容的电压和电流·容易从单个喷嘴 弧前盆地中的标准·PTFE淀积不能后接高温(350℃以上)处理·有色墨可能不可行，因为色素颗粒可能堵塞弯曲激励器
扩展到页宽打印头
导电聚合物热弹性激励器 具有高热膨胀系数的聚合物(如PTFE)被掺杂有导电物质以将其导电率增加至铜的传导率以下大约3个数量级。当被电阻加热时，导电聚合物膨胀。导电掺杂剂的实例包括：碳纳米管金属纤维导电聚合物，如掺杂的聚噻吩碳粒 ·大的力可被产生很低的功耗·多种墨可被使用·简单的平面制造·每个激励器所需的小芯片面积·快速操作·高效率·CMOS兼容的电压和电流·容易从单个喷嘴扩展到页宽打印头 ·需要专门材料的开发(高CTE导电聚合物)·需要PTFE淀积过程，其还不是ULSI结构中的标准·PTFE淀积不能后接高温(350℃以上)处理·蒸发和CVD淀积金属不能被使用·有色墨可能不可行，因为色素颗粒可能堵塞弯曲激励器 ·IJ24
形状记忆合金 诸如TiNi(亦已知为在 ·可得到大的力(成 ·疲劳限制了最大循环 ·IJ26
NavalOrdnanceLaboratory开发的Nitinol-镍钛合金)的形状记忆合金被热切换于其弱马氏体状态和其高刚度奥氏体状态之间。处于其马氏体状态下的激励器的形状被相对于奥氏体形状而变形。形变导致墨滴的喷出 百MPa的应力)·可得到大的应变(大于3％)·高耐蚀性·简单的构造·容易从单个喷嘴扩展到页宽打印头·低电压操作 次数·需要低应变(1％)来扩展抗疲劳性·循环速率受限于热去除·需要不常用的材料(TiNi)·必须提供变换的潜热·高电流操作·需要预加压力以使马氏体状态畸变
线性磁性激励器 线性磁性激励器包括线性感应激励器(LIA)、线性永磁体同步激励器(LPMSA)、线性磁阻同步激 ·可通过使用平面半导体制造技术借助高推力、长行程和高效率来构建线性 ·需要不常用的半导体材料，如软磁合金(例如CoNiFe)·一些变化亦需要永磁性材料，如 ·IJ12
励器(LRSA)、线性开关磁阻激励器(LSRA)和线性步进器激励器(LSA)。 磁性激励器·可得到长激励器行程·可得到中等力·低电压操作 钕铁硼(NdFeB)·需要复杂的多相驱动电路·高电流操作
基本操作模式
描述 优点 缺点 实例
激励器直接推动墨 这是最简单的操作模式：激励器直接提供足够的动能以排出墨滴。墨滴必须具有足够的速度以克服表面张力。 ·简单的操作不需要外部场·如果墨滴速度小于4m/s，则可避免附属墨滴·可能是有效的，这取决于所使用的激励器 ·墨滴重复速率通常被局限于10kHz左右。然而，这对于该方法不是基本的，而是涉及一般使用的再填充方法·所有的墨滴动能必须由激励器提供·如果墨滴 ·热喷墨·压电喷墨·IJ01，IJ02，IJ03，IJ04，IJ05，IJ06，IJ07，IJ09，IJ11，IJ12，IJ14，IJ16，IJ20，IJ22，IJ23，IJ24，IJ25，IJ26，IJ27，IJ28，IJ29，IJ30，IJ31，IJ32，IJ33，IJ34，IJ35，IJ36，IJ37，IJ38，IJ39，IJ40，IJ41，IJ42，IJ43，IJ44
速度大于4.5m/s，则通常形成附属墨滴
接近 待打印的墨滴是通过某种方式选择的(例如，加压墨的热感应的表面张力减小)。所选墨滴通过与打印介质或传递辊的接触而与喷嘴中的墨分离。 ·可使用很简单的打印头制造·墨滴选择装置不需要提供分离墨滴与喷嘴所需的能量 ·需要打印头和打印介质或传递辊之间的紧密接近·可能需要两个打印头打印图像的交替行·单片彩色打印头是困难的 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请
静电拉引墨 待打印的墨滴是通过某种方式选择的(例如，加压墨的热感应的表面张力减小)。所选墨滴通过强电场与喷嘴中的墨分离。 ·可使用很简单的打印头制造·墨滴选择装置不需要提供分离墨滴与喷嘴所需的能量 ·需要很高的静电场·用于小喷嘴尺寸的静电场处于空气击穿以上·静电场可吸引粉尘 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请·Tone-Jet
磁性拉引墨 待打印的墨滴是通过某种方 ·可使用很简单的打印 ·需要磁性墨 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2
式选择的(例如，加压墨的热感应的表面张力减小)。所选墨滴通过施加于磁性墨的强磁场与喷嘴中的墨分离。 头制造·墨滴选择装置不需要提供分离墨滴与喷嘴所需的能量 ·除了黑色以外的墨颜色是困难的·需要很高的磁场 和相关专利申请
闸板(shutter) 激励器移动闸板以阻塞到喷嘴的墨流动。墨压力以墨滴喷出频率的倍数而脉冲化。 ·由于减小的再填充时间而造成可实现高速(＞50kHz)操作·墨滴时序可以很精确·激励器能量可以很低 ·需要移动部件·需要墨压力调制器·必须考虑摩擦和磨损·静摩擦是可能的 IJ13，IJ17，IJ21
被遮挡的格子(shutteredgrill) 激励器移动闸板以阻塞墨通过格子流动到喷嘴。闸板移动仅需要等于格子孔的宽度。 ·可使用具有小行程的激励器·可使用具有小力的激励器·可实现高速(＞50kHz)操作 ·需要移动部件·需要墨压力调制器·必须考虑摩擦和磨损·静摩擦是可能的 ·IJ08，IJ15，IJ18，IJ19
脉冲式磁性拉引墨推动器 脉冲式磁场以墨滴喷出频率吸引“墨推动器”。激励器控制锁扣(catch)，其当墨滴不被喷出时防止墨推动器移动 ·极低能量的操作是可能的·没有热耗散问题 ·需要外部脉冲式磁场需要用于激励器和墨推动器两者的专门材料·复杂的构造 ·IJ10
辅助机构(适用于所有喷嘴)
描述 优点 缺点 实例
无 激励器直接发射墨滴，并且不需要外部场或其它机构 ·构造的简单性·操作的简单性·小物理尺寸 ·墨滴喷出能量必须由单独的喷嘴激励器来提供 ·大多数喷墨，包括压电和热气泡·IJ01，IJ02，IJ03，IJ04，IJ05，IJ07，IJ09，IJ11，IJ12，IJ14，IJ20，IJ22，IJ23，IJ24，IJ25，IJ26，IJ27，IJ28，IJ29，IJ30，IJ31，IJ32，IJ33，IJ34，IJ35，IJ36，IJ37，IJ38，IJ39，IJ40，IJ41，IJ42，IJ43，IJ44
振荡墨压力(包括声学刺激) 墨压力振荡，从而提供墨滴喷出能量的大部分。激励器选择哪些墨滴待通过选择性地阻塞或使能喷嘴而发射。墨压力振荡可通过振动打印头或优选地通过墨供应中的激励器来实现。 ·振荡墨压力可提供再填充脉冲，从而允许较高的操作速度·激励器可以以低得多的能量来工作·声学透镜可被用于将声音聚焦于喷嘴上 ·需要外部墨压力振荡器·必须仔细控制墨压力相位和振幅·必须为此而设计墨室中的声学反射 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请·IJ08，IJ13，IJ15，IJ17，IJ18，IJ19，IJ21
介质接近 打印头被放置得与打印介质紧密接近。所选墨滴从打印头伸出得比未选墨滴远，并且接触打印介质。墨滴足够快地渗入介质中以导致墨滴分离。 ·低功率·高精度·简单的打印头构造 ·需要精确组装·纸纤维可导致问题·不能在粗糙的基片上打印 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请
传递辊 墨滴被打印到传递辊而不是 ·高精度·可使用各 ·体积大·昂贵 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2
直接打印到打印介质。传递辊亦可被用于接近的墨滴分离。 种各样的打印基片·墨可被干燥于传递辊上 ·复杂的构造 和相关专利申请·Tektronix热熔性压电喷墨·IJ系列中的任何一个
静电的 电场被用于向着打印介质而加速所选墨滴。 ·低功率·简单的打印头构造 ·分离小墨滴所需的场强在空气击穿附近或以上 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请·Tone-Jet
直接磁场 磁场被用于向着打印介质而加速所选的磁性墨滴。 ·低功率·简单的打印头构造 ·需要磁性墨·需要强磁场 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请
交叉磁场 打印头被放置在恒定磁场中。电流载运线中的Lorenz力被用于移动激励器 ·不需要待在打印头制造过程中集成的磁性材料 ·需要外部磁体·电流密度可能是高的，从而导致电迁移问题 ·IJ06，IJ16
脉冲式磁场 脉冲式磁场被用于循环地吸引桨板(paddle)，其 ·很低功率的操作是可能的·小打印头 ·复杂的打印头构造·在打印头中需要磁性 ·IJ10
推动墨。小激励器移动锁扣，其选择性地防止桨板移动。 尺寸 材料
激励器放大或修改方法
描述 优点 缺点 实例
无 没有使用激励器机械放大。激励器直接驱动墨滴喷出过程。 ·操作的简单性 ·许多激励器机构没有足够的行程或力来有效地驱动墨滴喷出过程 ·热气泡喷墨·IJ01，IJ02，IJ06，IJ07，IJ16，IJ25，IJ26
差分膨胀弯曲激励器 激励器材料在一侧上膨胀得比另一侧上的多。该膨胀可以是热的、压电的、磁致伸缩的或其它机理。弯曲激励器将大力低行程激励器机构转换成高行程、较小力的 ·在减小的打印头面积中提供较大的行程 ·包含高应力·必须注意材料不能分层·由形成期间的高温或高应力导致了残留弯曲 ·压电的·IJ03，IJ09，IJ17，IJ18，IJ19，IJ20，IJ21，IJ22，IJ23，IJ24，IJ27，IJ29，IJ30，IJ31，IJ32，IJ33，IJ34，IJ35，IJ36，IJ37，IJ38，IJ39，IJ42，IJ43，IJ44
机构。
瞬时弯曲激励器 三层弯曲激励器，其中两个外层是相同的。这消除了由于环境温度和残留应力而导致的弯曲。该激励器仅对一侧或另一侧的瞬时加热做出响应。 ·很好的温度稳定性·高速度，这是因为新墨滴可在热耗散之前被发射·消除了形成的残留应力 包含高应力必须注意材料不能分层 ·IJ40，IJ41
还原弹簧 激励器加载弹簧。当激励器被关闭时，弹簧释放，这可还原激励器的力/距离曲线以使其与墨滴喷出的力/时间要求兼容 ·对墨的较好耦合 ·制造的复杂度·弹簧中的高应力 ·IJ05，IJ11
激励器堆 一系列薄激励器被堆放。这在激励器需要高电场强度，如静电和压电 ·增加了行程·减小了驱动电压 ·增加的制造复杂度·由于针孔而导致增加了短路的可 ·一些压电喷墨·IJ04
激励器的情况下可能是适当的。 能性
多个激励器 多个较小的激励器被同时用于移动墨。每个激励器仅需要提供所需力的一部分。 ·增加了可从激励器获得的力·多个激励器可被定位以精确地控制墨流动 ·激励器力可能不是线性地增加，从而降低了效率 ·IJ12，IJ13，IJ18，IJ20，IJ22，IJ28，IJ42，IJ43
线性弹簧 线性弹簧被用于将具有小行程和大力的运动变换成较长行程、较小力的运动 ·使低行程激励器与较高行程要求匹配·运动变换的非接触方法 ·需要用于弹簧的打印头面积 ·IJ15
盘绕的激励器 弯曲激励器被盘绕以在降低的芯片面积上提供较大的行程 ·增加了行程·减小了芯片面积·平面实施是相对容易制造 ·由于在其它方位上极端的制造困难而导致通常局限于平面实施 ·IJ17，IJ21，IJ34，IJ35
的
挠性弯曲激励器 弯曲激励器具有在固定点附近的小区域，其挠曲比激励器的剩余部分容易得多。激励器挠曲被有效地从均匀卷曲转换成有角度的弯曲，从而导致激励器尖的较大行程。 ·增加弯曲激励器行程的简单装置 ·必须注意不超过挠性区域中的弹性极限·应力分布很不均匀·难以用有限元分析精确模拟 ·IJ10，IJ19，IJ33
锁扣(catch) 激励器控制小锁扣。锁扣使能或禁止以体(bulk)方式被控制的墨推动器的运动。 ·很低的激励器能量·很小的激励器尺寸 ·复杂的构造需要外力·不适合于有色墨 ·IJ10
齿轮 齿轮可被用于以持续时间为代价而增加行程。圆形齿轮、齿条和小齿轮、棘轮和其 ·小力、低行程激励器可被使用·可使用标准的表 ·需要移动部件·需要几个激励器循环·较复杂的驱动电子器 ·IJ13
它齿轮传动方法可被使用。 面MEMS过程来制造 件·复杂的构造·摩擦和磨损是可能的
凹凸板(buckle) 凹凸板可被用于将慢激励器变成快速运动。其还可将大力、低行程激励器转换成高行程、中等力的运动。 ·可实现很快的运动 ·为了长器件寿命，必须停留在材料的弹性极限内·包含高应力·通常高的功率要求 ·S.Hirata等，“An Ink-jet HeadUsing DiaphragmMicroactuator”，Proc.IEEEMEMS，Feb.1996，pp 418-423·IJ18，IJ27
锥形磁极 锥形磁极可以以力为代价而增加行程 ·使磁力/距离曲线线性化 ·复杂的构造 ·IJ14
杠杆 杠杆和支点被用于将具有小行程和大力的运动变换成具有较长行程和较小力的运动。杠杆亦可颠倒行程的方向。 ·使低行程激励器与较高行程要求匹配·支点区域没有线性运动，并且可被用于流体密 ·支点周围的高应力 ·IJ32，IJ36，IJ37
封
旋转叶轮 激励器被连接于旋转叶轮。激励器的小角度偏转导致叶轮叶片的旋转，其相对于静止叶片而推动墨并将其推出喷嘴 ·高机械优点·激励器的力与行程比可通过改变叶轮叶片的数量而匹配于喷嘴要求 ·复杂的构造·不适合于有色墨 ·IJ28
  声学透镜 折射或衍射(例如波带片)声学透镜被用于集中声波 ·没有移动部件 ·需要大面积·仅相关于声学喷墨 ·1993Hadimioglu等，EUP 550,192·1993 Elrod等，EUP 572,220
锐利导电点 锐利点被用于集中静电场 ·简单的构造 ·对于表面墨喷出，难以使用标准VLSI过程来制造·仅相关于静电喷墨 ·Tone-jet
激励器运动
描述 优点 缺点 模式
体积膨胀 激励器的体积变化，从而在所有方向上推动墨 ·热喷墨情况下简单的构造 ·典型地需要高能量以实现体积膨胀。这导致热喷墨实施中的热应力、空穴和结垢 ·Hewlett-Packard热喷墨·CanonBubblejet
线性，垂直于芯片表面 激励器在垂直于打印头表面的方向上移动，喷嘴典型地处于运动的线上。 ·对垂直于表面而喷出的墨滴的有效耦合 ·可需要高制造复杂度以实现垂直运动 ·IJ01，IJ02，IJ04，IJ07，IJ11，IJ14
平行于芯片表面 激励器平行于打印头表面移动。墨滴喷出仍垂直于所述表面 ·适合于平面制造 ·制造复杂度·摩擦·静摩擦 ·IJ12，IJ13，IJ15，IJ33，IJ34，IJ35，IJ36
隔膜(membrane)推动 具有大力但具有小面积的激励器被用于推动与墨接触的刚性隔膜。 ·激励器的有效面积变为隔膜面积 ·制造复杂度·激励器尺寸·VLSI过程中集成的难度 ·1982 HowkinsUSP 4,459,601
旋转 激励器导致一些元件的旋转，如格子或叶轮 ·旋转杠杆可被用于增加行程·小芯片面积要求 ·器件复杂度·在枢轴点处可具有摩擦 ·IJ05，IJ08，IJ13，IJ28
弯曲 当被供能时，激励器弯曲。这可以是由于差分热膨胀、压电膨胀、磁致伸缩、或其它形式的相对尺度变化 ·尺度上的很小变化可被转换成大运动 ·需要激励器由至少两个截然不同的层制成或具有激励器上的热差 ·1970 Kyser等USP 3,946,398·1973 StemmeUSP 3,747,120·IJ03，IJ09，IJ10，IJ19，IJ23，IJ24，IJ25，IJ29，IJ30，IJ31，IJ33，IJ34，IJ35
转动(swivel) 激励器绕中心枢轴而转动。在有相反力，如Lowo-renz力被施加于桨板的相对侧的情况下，该运动是适合的。 ·在桨板上的净线性力为零的情况下允许操作·小芯片面积要求 ·对墨运动的低效耦合 ·IJ06
伸直 激励器被法向弯曲并当被供能时伸 ·在奥氏体相为平面的情况 需要仔细平衡应力以确保静 ·IJ26，IJ32
直。 下可与形状记忆合金一起被使用 态弯曲是精确的
双弯曲 当一个元件被供能时，激励器在一个方向上弯曲，并且当另一个元件被供能时，以另一种方式弯曲。 ·一个激励器可被用于为两个喷嘴提供功率·减小了芯片尺寸·对环境温度不敏感 ·难以使通过两个弯曲方向而喷出的墨滴相同·与等效单弯曲激励器相比，有小的效率损失 ·IJ36，IJ37，IJ38
剪切 为激励器供能导致激励器材料的剪切运动 ·可增加压电激励器的有效行程 ·不容易适用于其它激励器机构 ·1985 FishbeckUSP 4,584,590
径向收缩 激励器挤压墨容器，从而从收缩的喷嘴中推动墨。 ·相对容易从玻璃管将单喷嘴制造为宏观结构 ·需要大力·低效·难以与VLSI过程集成 ·1970 ZoltanUSP 3,683,212
盘绕/解开 盘绕的激励器解开或盘 ·作为平面VLSI ·对于非平面器件 ·IJ17，IJ21，IJ34，IJ35
绕得更紧。激励器自由端的运动喷出墨。 过程是容易制造的·需要小面积，因此是低成本的 是难以制造的·平面外刚度不好
弓曲(bow) 当被供能时，激励器在中部弓曲(或翘曲)。 ·可增加行进速度·在机械上是坚硬的 ·最大行程被约束·需要大力 ·IJ16，IJ18，IJ27
推拉 两个激励器控制闸板。一个激励器拉闸板，另一个推它。 ·该结构在两端处被销住，因此具有高的平面外刚性 ·不容易适合于直接推动墨的喷墨 ·IJ18
向内卷曲 一组激励器向内卷曲以减小它们所封闭的墨的体积。 ·到激励器之后的区域的好的流体流动增加了效率 ·设计复杂度 ·IJ20，IJ42
向外卷曲 一组激励器向外卷曲，从而给激励器周围的室中 ·相对简单的构造 ·相对大的芯片面积 ·IJ43
的墨加压，并且将墨从室中的喷嘴排出。
虹膜 多个叶片封闭一个体积的墨。它们同时旋转，从而减小叶片之间的体积。 ·高效率·小芯片面积 ·高制造复杂度·不适合于有色墨 ·IJ22
声学振动 激励器以高频率振动。 ·激励器可在物理上远离墨 ·有用频率处的有效操作需要大面积·声学耦合和串扰·复杂的驱动电路·不好控制墨滴体积和位置 ·1993Hadimioglu等，EUP 550,192·1993 Elrod等，EUP 572,220
无 在各种喷墨设计中，激励器不移动。 ·无移动部件 ·需要各种其它折中来消除移动部件 ·Silverbrook，EP0771 658 A2和相关专利申请·Tone-jet
喷嘴再填充方法
描述 优点 缺点 实例
表面张力 这是喷墨被再填充的一般方式。在激励器被供能之后，它典型地迅速返回到其正常位置。该迅速返回通过喷嘴开口吸入空气。喷嘴处的墨表面张力然后施加小力将弯液面恢复到最小面积。由此迫使再填充喷嘴。 ·制造的简单性·操作的简单性 ·低速度·与激励器力相比，表面张力相对小·长的再填充时间通常支配总重复速率 ·热喷墨·压电喷墨·IJ01-IJ07，IJ10-IJ14，IJ16，IJ20，IJ22-IJ45
遮挡式振荡墨压力 到喷嘴室的墨是在以墨滴喷出频率的两倍而振荡的压力处被提供的。当要喷出墨滴时，闸板被打开用于3个半循环：墨滴喷 ·高速度·低激励器能量，这是因为激励器仅需要打开或关闭闸板，而不是喷出墨滴 ·需要公共墨压力振荡器·可能不适合于有色墨 ·IJ08，IJ13，IJ15，IJ17，IJ18，IJ19，IJ21
出、激励器返回和再填充。闸板然后被关闭以防止喷嘴室在接下来的负压循环期间变空。
再填充激励器 在主激励器已喷出墨滴之后，第二(再填充)激励器被供能。再填充激励器将墨推到喷嘴室中。再填充激励器缓慢地返回以防止其返回再次清空所述室。 ·高速度，这是因为喷嘴被主动再填充 ·每个喷嘴需要两个独立的激励器 ·IJ09
正墨压力 墨被保持在微正压。在墨滴被喷出之后，在表面张力和墨压力两者操作用于再填充喷嘴时，喷嘴室迅速填充。 ·高再填充速率，因此高墨滴重复率是可能的 ·必须防止表面溢出·需要高度疏水的打印头表面 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请·可替换用于：IJ01-IJ07，IJ10-IJ14，IJ16，IJ20，IJ22-IJ45
限制通过入口的回流的方法
描述 优点 缺点 实例
长入口通道 到喷嘴室的墨入口通道被制作得长且相对窄，这依赖于粘性曳力以减小入口回流。 ·设计的简单性·操作的简单性·减小了串扰 ·限制了再填充速率·可导致相对大的芯片面积·仅部分有效 ·热喷墨·压电喷墨·IJ42，IJ43
正墨压力 墨处于正压下，从而使在静态状态下，一些墨滴已从墨喷嘴伸出。这减小了喷出某个体积的墨所需的喷嘴室中的压力。室压力的减小导致经过喷嘴被推出的墨的减少。 ·墨滴选择和分离力可被减小·快的再填充时间 ·需要一种防止淹没打印头喷出表面的方法(如喷嘴轮圈或有效的疏水化，或两者) ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请·以下的可能操作：IJ01-IJ07，IJ09-IJ12，IJ14，IJ16，IJ20，IJ22，IJ23-IJ34，IJ36-IJ41，IJ44
挡板 一个或多个挡板被放置在入口墨流动中，当激励器被供 ·再填充速率不象长入口方法一样被限制 ·设计的复杂度·可能增加制造复杂度 ·HP热喷墨·Tektronix压电喷墨
能时，快速墨运动生成限制经过入口的流动的漩涡。较慢的再填充过程不被限制，并且不导致漩涡。 ·减小了串扰 (例如Tektronix热熔性压电打印头)
挠性瓣(flap)限制入口 在Canon最近公开的该方法中，膨胀的激励器(气泡)推动限制入口的挠性瓣。 ·对于edge-shooter热喷墨设备，有效地减小了回流 ·不适合于大多数喷墨配置·增加了制造复杂度·聚合物瓣的非弹性变形导致逼近扩展的使用 ·Canon
入口过滤器 过滤器位于墨入口和喷嘴室之间。过滤器具有众多小孔或缝(slit)，限制墨流。过滤器亦去除可阻塞喷嘴的颗粒。 ·墨过滤的附加优点·墨过滤器可不借助附加的过程步骤来制造 ·限制了再填充速率·可导致复杂的构造 ·IJ04，IJ12，IJ24，IJ27，IJ29，IJ30
与喷嘴相 到喷嘴室的墨 ·设计的简 ·限制了再 ·IJ02，IJ37，
比的小入口 入口通道的横截面比喷嘴的小很多，从而导致墨从喷嘴放出比入口放出容易。 单性 填充速率·可导致相对大的芯片面积·仅部分有效 IJ44
入口闸板 次级激励器控制闸板的位置，从而当主激励器被供能时关闭墨入口 ·增加了喷墨打印头操作的速度 ·需要分离的再填充激励器和驱动电路 ·IJ09
入口位于墨推动表面之后 该方法通过将激励器的墨推动表面设置在入口和喷嘴之间而避免了入口回流的问题。 ·回流问题被消除 ·需要仔细的设计以使浆板后的负压最小 ·IJ01，IJ03，IJ05，IJ06，IJ07，IJ10，IJ11，IJ14，IJ16，IJ22，IJ23，IJ25，IJ28，IJ31，IJ32，IJ33，IJ34，IJ35，IJ36，IJ39，IJ40，IJ41
激励器的部分移动以关闭入口 激励器和墨室的壁被设置成使激励器的运动关闭入口。 ·可实现回流的显著减小·紧凑的设计是可能的 ·制造复杂度的小增加 ·IJ07，IJ20，IJ26，IJ38
喷嘴激励器不导致墨回流 在一些喷墨的配置中，没有可导致通过入 ·墨回流问题被消除 ·没有涉及激励时的墨回流 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申
口的回流的激励器的膨胀或运动 请Value-jetTone-jet
喷嘴清洁方法
描述 优点 缺点 实例
正常喷嘴发射 在墨有机会干燥之前，所有喷嘴都被周期性地激发。当不在使用中时，喷嘴相对于空气而被密封(盖住)。喷嘴发射通常在首先将打印头移动到清洁站之后的专门清扫循环期间进行。 ·未增加有关打印头的复杂度 ·可能不足以移除干燥的墨 ·大多数喷墨系统·IJ01，IJ02，IJ03，IJ04，IJ05，IJ06，IJ07，IJ09，IJ10，IJ11，IJ12，IJ14，IJ16，IJ20，IJ22，IJ23，IJ24，IJ25，IJ26，IJ27，IJ28，IJ29，IJ30，IJ31，IJ32，IJ33，IJ34，U36，IJ37，IJ38，IJ39，IJ40，IJ41，IJ42，IJ43，IJ44，IJ45
给墨加热器的额外功率 在加热墨但在正常情况下不使其沸腾的系统中，可通过给加 ·如果加热器相邻于喷嘴，则可以是高度有效的 ·需要用于清扫的较高驱动电压·可能需 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请
热器提供过度功率并使喷嘴处的墨沸腾来实现喷嘴清洁。 要较大的驱动晶体管
激励器脉冲的快速接替(succession) 激励器以快速接替被激发。在一些配置中，这可导致喷嘴处的热积聚，使墨沸腾，从而清扫喷嘴。在其它情况下，它可导致清扫堵塞喷嘴的足够振动。 ·不需要打印头上的额外驱动电路·可由数字逻辑容易地控制和启动 ·有效性基本上取决于喷墨喷嘴的配置 ·可以和以下一起使用：IJ01，IJ02，IJ03，IJ04，IJ05，IJ06，IJ07，IJ09，IJ10，IJ11，IJ14，IJ16，IJ20，IJ22，IJ23，IJ24，IJ25，IJ27，IJ28，IJ29，IJ30，IJ31，IJ32，IJ33，IJ34，IJ36，IJ37，IJ38，IJ39，IJ40，IJ41，IJ42，IJ43，IJ44，IJ45
给墨推动激励器的额外功率 在激励器不被正常驱动到其运动极限的情况下，可通过提供增强的驱动信号给激励器来辅助喷 ·适用情况下的简单解决方案 ·在有对激励器运动的硬限制的情况下不适合 ·可以和以下一起使用：IJ03，IJ09，IJ16，IJ20，IJ23，IJ24，IJ25，IJ27，IJ29，IJ30，IJ31，IJ32，IJ39，IJ40，IJ41，IJ42，IJ43，IJ44，
嘴清扫。 IJ45
声学共振 超声波被施加给墨室。该波具有适当的振幅和频率以使喷嘴处的力足以清扫阻塞。如果超声波处于墨腔的共振频率，则这是最容易实现的。 ·可实现高喷嘴清扫能力·在已包括声学激励器的系统中，可以以很低的成本来实施 ·如果系统尚未包括声学激励器，则需要高实施成本 ·IJ08，IJ13，IJ15，IJ17，IJ18，IJ19，IJ21
喷嘴清扫板 使微制造板推压喷嘴。该板具有用于每个喷嘴的杆。杆移动经过每个喷嘴，从而移位干燥的墨。 ·可清扫严重堵塞的喷嘴 ·需要精确的机械对准·需要移动部件·有损坏喷嘴的危险·需要精确的制造 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请
墨压力脉冲 墨的压力被暂时增加以使墨从所有喷嘴流动。这 ·在不能使用其它方法的情况下可能 ·需要压力泵或其它压力激励器 ·可以和所有IJ系列喷墨打印机一起使用
可结合激励器供能而被使用。 是有效的 ·昂贵·浪费墨
打印头擦拭器 横跨打印头表面擦拭挠性“片”。该片通常由挠性聚合物制成，例如橡胶或合成弹性体。 ·对于平面打印头表面是有效的·低成本 ·如果打印头表面是非平面的或者很易碎，则难以使用·需要机械部分·片可在高容量打印系统中磨损 ·许多喷墨系统
分离的墨沸腾加热器 尽管正常的墨滴喷出机构不需要它，分离的加热器仍被提供于喷嘴处。该加热器不需要单独的驱动电路，这是因为许多喷嘴可被同时清扫，并且不 ·在不能使用其它喷嘴清扫方法的情况下可能是有效的·在一些喷墨配置中，可以没有附加成本的情况下实施 ·制造的复杂度 ·可以和许多IJ系列喷墨打印机一起使用
需要成像。
喷嘴清扫方法
描述 优点 缺点 实例
喷嘴板构造
描述 优点 缺点 实例
电铸镍 喷嘴板由电铸镍单独制成，并且被结合于打印头芯片 ·制造的简单性 ·需要高温度和压力来结合喷嘴板·最小厚度约束·差分热膨胀 ·HewlettPackard热喷墨
激光切除或钻孔聚合物 在喷嘴板中，各个喷嘴孔由强化UV激光来烧蚀，所述喷嘴板典型地是聚合物，如聚酰亚胺或聚砜。 ·不需要掩模·可以相当快·对喷嘴轮廓的一些控制是可能的·所需设备是相对低成本的 ·每个孔必须被单独形成·需要专门的设备·在每个打印头有成千上万个喷嘴的情况下是缓慢的·可能在出口孔处产生细小毛刺  ·CanonBubblejet·1998 Sercel等，SPIE，VOL.998 ExcimerBeamApplications，pp.76-83·1993Watanabe等，USP 5,208,604
硅微机械加工的 分离的喷嘴板是由单晶硅机械加结合于打印头晶片。 ·可实现高精度 ·二部分构造·高成本·需要精确的对准·喷嘴可能被粘结剂堵塞 ·K.Bean，IEEETransactions onElectronDevices，Vol.ED-25，No.10，1978，pp1185-1195·Xerox 1990Hawkins等，USP 4,899,181
玻璃毛细管 细玻璃毛细管从玻璃管拉制而成。该方法已被用于制作单独的喷嘴，但难以用于大批制造具有成千上万个喷嘴的打印头。 ·不需要昂贵的设备·制作单个喷嘴是简单的 ·难以形成很小的喷嘴尺寸·不适合于大规模生产 ·1970 ZoltanUSP 3,683,212
单片的，使用VLSI平板印刷过程进行表面微机械加工的 使用标准VLSI淀积技术将喷嘴板淀积成层。使用VLSI平板印刷术和刻蚀在喷嘴板中刻蚀喷嘴。 ·高精度(＜1μm)·单片的·低成本·可使用现有过程 ·需要喷嘴板以下的牺牲层来形成喷嘴室·表面对于触摸可能是易碎的 ·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请·IJ01，IJ02，IJ04，IJ11，IJ12，IJ17，IJ18，IJ20，IJ22，IJ24，IJ27，
IJ28，IJ29，IJ30，IJ31，IJ32，IJ33，IJ34，IJ36，IJ37，IJ38，IJ39，IJ40，IJ41，IJ42，IJ43，IJ44
喷嘴清扫方法
描述 优点 缺点 实例
单片的，刻蚀经过基片的 喷嘴板是晶片中的埋入式刻蚀停止。喷嘴室被刻蚀于晶片的前面，而晶片从背侧被变薄。喷嘴然后被刻蚀于刻蚀停止层中。 ·高精度(＜1μm)·单片的·低成本·没有差分膨胀 ·需要长刻蚀时间·需要支持晶片 ·IJ03，IJ05，IJ06，IJ07，IJ08，IJ09，IJ10，IJ13，IJ14，IJ15，IJ16，IJ19，IJ21，IJ23，IJ25，IJ26
没有喷嘴板 已尝试各种方法完全消除喷嘴以防止喷嘴堵塞。这些包括热气泡机构和声学透镜机构。 ·没有喷嘴要变得被堵塞 ·难以精确控制墨滴位置·串扰问题 ·Ricoh 1995Sekiya等USP5,412,413·1993Hadimioglu等EUP 550,192·1993 Elrod等EUP 572,220
槽 每个墨滴喷出器都具有槽，浆板通过它而移动。没有喷嘴板。 ·减小了制作复杂度·单片的 ·墨滴发射方向对芯吸是敏感的 ·IJ35
喷嘴缝隙而不是各个喷嘴 消除喷嘴孔并且替换成围绕许多激励器位置的缝隙减少了喷嘴堵塞，但由于墨表面波而增加了串扰。 ·没有喷嘴要变得被堵塞 ·难以精确控制墨滴位置·串扰问题 ·1989 Saito等USP 4,799,068
墨滴喷出方向
描述 优点 缺点 实例
边缘(“边缘喷射”) 墨流动是沿芯片的表面，并且墨滴从芯片边缘被喷出 ·简单的构造·不需要硅刻蚀·通过基片的好的散热·机械上是强的·容易进行芯片传送 ·喷嘴被限制于边缘·高分辨率是困难的·快速彩色打印需要每个颜色一个打印头 ·CanonBubblejet 1979Endo等GB专利2,007,162·Xeroxheater-in-pit 1990Hawkins等USP4,899,181·Tone-jet
(handing)
表面(“顶喷射”) 墨流动是沿芯片的表面进行的，并且墨滴从芯片表面被喷出，垂直于芯片的平面 ·不需要整体硅刻蚀·硅可进行有效的散热·机械强度 ·最大墨流动被严格限制 ·Hewlett-PackardTIJ 1982 Vaught等USP 4,490,728·IJ02，IJ11，IJ12，IJ20，IJ22
通过芯片，向前(“上喷墨”) 墨流动通过芯片，并且墨滴从芯片的前表面被喷出 ·高墨流动·适合于页宽打印头·喷嘴包装密度高，因此制造成本低 ·需要整体硅刻蚀 ·Silverbrook，EP0771 658 A2和相关专利申请·IJ04，IJ17，IJ18，IJ24，IJ27-IJ45
通过芯片，倒退(“下喷墨”) 墨流动通过芯片，并且墨滴从芯片的后表面被喷出 ·高墨流动·适合于页宽打印头·喷嘴包装密度高，因此制造成本低 ·需要晶片变薄·在制造期间需要专门处理 ·IJ01，IJ03，IJ05，IJ06，IJ07，IJ08，IJ09，IJ10，IJ13，IJ14，IJ15，IJ16，IJ19，IJ21，IJ23，IJ25，IJ26
通过激励器 墨流动通过激励器，该激励器不被制造为与驱动晶体管相同 ·适合于压电打印头 ·页宽打印头需要对驱动电路的几千个连接·不能被制 ·Epson Stylus·Tektroni热熔性压电喷墨
的基片的部分 造于标准CMOS结构中·需要复杂的组装
墨类型
描述 优点 缺点 实例
水合，染料 水基墨，其典型地包含：水、染料、表面活性剂、湿润剂和杀生物剂。现代墨染料具有高耐水性、耐光性 ·环境友好·没有气味 ·干燥缓慢·腐蚀性·在纸上渗料·可透墨(strikethrough)·把纸弄皱 ·大多数现有喷墨·所有IJ系列喷墨·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请
水合，颜料 水基墨，其典型地包含：水、颜料、表面活性剂、湿润剂和杀生物剂。颜料具有减小渗料、芯吸和透墨方面的优点。 ·环境友好·没有气味·减小了渗料·减小了芯吸·减小了透墨 ·干燥缓慢·腐蚀性·颜料可堵塞激励器机构·把纸弄皱 ·IJ02，IJ04，IJ21，IJ26，IJ27，IJ30·Silverbrook，EP 0771 658 A2和相关专利申请·压电喷墨·热喷墨(具有明显限制)
甲基乙基酮(MEK) MEK是被用于在诸如铝罐的困难表面上工业打印的高度挥发性的溶剂 ·干燥很快·诸如金属和塑料的各种基片上的印迹 ·有气味·易燃 ·所有IJ系列喷墨
酒精(乙醇、2-丁醇及其它) 酒精基墨可在打印机必须在水的凝固点以下的温度处工作的情况下被使用。其实例是相机内消费者摄影打印。 ·快速干燥·在冰点以下的温度处工作·减小了纸皱·低成本 ·轻微的气味·易燃 ·所有IJ系列喷墨
相变(热熔性) 墨在室温时是固体，并且在喷射之前被熔化于打印头中。热熔性墨通常是蜡基的，具有80℃左右的熔点。在喷射之后，一旦接 ·没有干燥时间一墨瞬时凝固于打印介质上·可使用几乎任何打印介质·没有纸皱发生 ·高粘度·被打印的墨典型地具有“象蜡”的感觉·被打印的页可“阻塞”·墨温度必须在永磁体的居里点以上·墨加热器消耗 ·Tektronix热熔性压电喷墨·1989 NowakUSP 4,820,346·所有IJ系列喷墨
触打印介质或传递辊，墨几乎瞬时凝固。 ·没有芯吸发生·没有渗料发生·没有透墨发生 功率·长预热时间
油 油基墨被广泛地用在胶版打印中。它们具有改进的纸上特性(特别是没有芯吸或弄皱)的优点。需要可溶于油的染料和颜料。 ·用于一些染料的高可溶性介质·不把纸弄皱·不通过纸而芯吸 ·高粘度：这是对在喷墨中使用的明显局限性，其通常需要低粘度。一些短链和多分支油具有足够低的粘度·干燥缓慢 ·所有IJ系列喷墨
微乳液 微乳液是油、水和表面活性剂的稳定、自形成乳液。特征墨滴尺寸小于100nm，并且由表面活性剂的优选曲率来确定。 ·停止了墨渗料·高染料可溶性·可使用可溶于水、油和两性的染料·可使颜 ·粘度比水高·成本略微高于水基墨·需要高表面活性剂浓度(5％左右) ·所有IJ系列喷墨
料悬浮稳定

Claims (5)

1.一种用于记录图像的相机系统，所述相机系统包括：
电子图像传感器，用于传感图像；
数字处理装置，用于根据预定处理要求来处理所述传感的图像；
照片宽度喷墨打印机装置，用于在喷墨打印介质的表面上打印所述处理的图像，所述打印介质包括磁记录表面；
磁记录装置，用于在所述磁记录表面上记录关联信息。
2.权利要求1的相机系统，其中所述关联信息包括与所述传感的图像关联的音频信息。
3.权利要求1的相机系统，其中所述打印机装置将所述传感的图像打印在所述打印介质的第一表面上，而所述磁记录装置将所述关联信息记录在所述打印介质的第二表面上。
4.权利要求1的相机系统，其中所述打印介质被存放在所述相机系统中的内部可拆卸辊上，所述相机系统包括手持便携相机设备，所述照片宽度喷墨打印机被构建到所述手持便携相机设备内。
5.权利要求3的相机系统，其中所述第一和所述第二表面处于所述打印介质的不同面上。
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US7970275B2 (en) 2011-06-28
US7742696B2 (en) 2010-06-22
US20050270503A1 (en) 2005-12-08
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US20100254694A1 (en) 2010-10-07
US7558476B2 (en) 2009-07-07
AU2002325078B2 (en) 2006-03-02
AU2002325078A1 (en) 2004-01-06
US20080075443A1 (en) 2008-03-27
US20110228026A1 (en) 2011-09-22
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US20070003275A1 (en) 2007-01-04
US7590347B2 (en) 2009-09-15
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US20030058418A1 (en) 2003-03-27

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