CN1639938A - 用于接地故障保护的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于接地故障保护的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1639938A
CN1639938A CNA038046148A CN03804614A CN1639938A CN 1639938 A CN1639938 A CN 1639938A CN A038046148 A CNA038046148 A CN A038046148A CN 03804614 A CN03804614 A CN 03804614A CN 1639938 A CN1639938 A CN 1639938A
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China
Prior art keywords
distribution system
electronic unit
circuit breaker
earth fault
node electronic
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Granted
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CNA038046148A
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English (en)
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CN100511905C (zh
Inventor
威廉姆·詹姆斯·普雷莫兰尼
厄图格鲁尔·伯坎
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ABB Schweiz AG
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06F1/04—Generating or distributing clock signals or signals derived directly therefrom
    • G06F1/12—Synchronisation of different clock signals provided by a plurality of clock generators
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02H7/263—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of measured values
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract

提供一种用于监测集中控制的配电系统的方法和装置。该方法包括采样集中控制的配电系统(10)中的电流，将所采样的电流信号发送到中央控制处理单元(24)上，基于从所有节点电子单元(20)接收的电流信号确定接地故障出现及位置，以及通过打开供给电能给故障的断路器(16)而隔离所确定的接地故障。该装置构造成采样集中控制的配电系统(10)中的电流，发送与每个断路器(16)相关的采样电流信号给中央控制处理单元(24)，基于从配电系统(10)中的所有节点电子单元(20)接收的电流信号确定接地故障出现及位置，以及通过打开断路器而隔离所确定的接地故障。

Description

用于接地故障保护的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明一般来说涉及电气开关装置，并且更具体地涉及一种用于有助于监测和保护集中控制的配电系统的方法和装置。
背景技术
在工业配电系统中，将发电公司生产的电力供给工业或商业企业，其中将电力分配给整个工业或商业企业的各种设备上，如，电动机，焊接机，计算机，加热器，照明设备以及其他电气设备。至少某些已知的配电系统包括开关装置，该开关装置有助于将电能分成支路，支路提供电力给工业企业的各个部分。在每个支路中提供断路器，从而有助于保护支路中的设备。另外，因为对特殊负载可进行通电或断电而不影响其他负载，因此每个支路中的断路器可有助于减小设备故障，从而产生增加的效率及减小操作和制造成本。尽管所使用的开关操作更加复杂，但类似的开关装置也可用在电业传输系统及多个配电变电所中。
除配电系统元件以外，开关装置一般包括有助于提供配电系统元件的保护、监测和控制的多个设备。例如，至少某些已知的断路器包括多个并联跳闸电路，低压继电器，跳闸单元，以及多个辅助开关，这些辅助开关在供给配电元件的电力中出现预料不到的中断和波动时闭合断路器。另外，至少一个已知的配电系统还包括监测配电系统性能的监测设备、控制配电系统运行的控制设备以及当保护设备激励时启动保护响应的保护设备。
在至少某些已知的配电系统中，监测和控制系统与保护系统独立运行。例如，保护设备可基于其本身的预定操作限制切断配电系统的一部分，而监测设备不记录该事件。监测系统没有记录系统切断可使操作者误认为在配电系统内没发生过电流情况，并且因而操作者不启动恰当的校正行为。另外，保护设备，即，断路器，可因为配电系统中的过电流情况打开，但是控制系统可将该过电流情况解释成电源的电能损耗而不是故障情形。同样，控制逻辑可不希望地企图将故障电路连接到可替换电源上，因此恢复过电流情况。除在使用这些设备而出现的操作性失误中的电压增加外，与这些设备相关的多个设备和互连布线的使用可导致设备尺寸增加，设备布线复杂性增加，和/或安装的设备的数量增加。
发明内容
在一方面，提供一种用于监测集中控制配电系统的方法。该配电系统包括多个断路器，每个断路器通信连接到单个节点电子单元上，每个节点电子单元远离各自的断路器，并且每个节点电子单元通过至少一个数字网络通信连接到至少一个中央控制处理单元上。该方法包括采样集中控制配电系统中靠近每个断路器的集中控制配电系统中的电流，其中所述采样由该中央控制处理单元进行时间同步，发送与每个断路器相关的采样电流信号给中央控制处理单元，基于从配电系统中所有的节点电子单元接收的电流信号确定接地故障发生并且位于配电系统内；以及通过打开给故障提供电力的断路器而隔离该确定的接地故障。
在另一方面，提供一种用于监测集中控制配电系统的装置。该系统包括多个断路器，每个断路器通信连接到单个节点电子单元上，设置每个节点电子单元远离各自的断路器，并且每个节点电子单元通过至少一个数字网络通信连接到至少一个中央控制处理单元上。该装置构造成采样所述集中控制配电系统中靠近每个断路器的所述集中控制配电系统中的电流，其中每个采样由所述中央控制处理单元进行时间同步，发送与每个断路器相关的所述采样电流信号给中央控制处理单元，基于从所述配电系统中所有的所述节点电子单元接收的所述电流信号确定接地故障发生并且位于配电系统内；以及通过打开给所述故障提供电力的断路器而隔离所述确定的接地故障。
附图说明
图1是配电系统的代表性示意图；
图2是单个节点配电系统的代表性示意图；
图3是示出与图1所示的配电系统一起使用的中央控制处理单元的代表性示意图；
图4是与图1所示的配电系统一起使用的节点电子单元的代表性示意图；
图5是与图1所示的配电系统一起使用的断路器的代表性示意图；
图6是图1所示的配电系统的代表性实施例的单线示意框图；以及
图7是示出用于监测图1所示的集中控制配电系统的方法的代表性实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了例如由工业企业使用的配电系统10的代表性示意图。在代表性实施例中，系统10包括至少一个主馈电系统12，配电总线14，多个电力电路开关或断流器，这里也称作断路器(CB)16，以及至少一个负载18，该负载18例如但不局限于电动机，焊接机，计算机，加热器，照明设备，和/或其他电气设备。
使用中，将电力从电源(未示出)供给主馈电系统12，即，例如开关板。该电源如由原动机本地驱动的发电机，或变电站的电力电源。该原动机可从例如但并不局限于涡轮机或内燃机获得动力。供给主馈电系统12的电力由多个母线分成多个支路，这些母线构造成使电力从支路馈电断路器和母线联络断路器馈送到多个负载断路器16上，负载断路器16将电力提供给工业企业中的各种负载18上。另外，在各支路中提供断路器16以有助于保护设备，即，负载18，该负载18连接在各支路中。此外，因为可将特殊负载18通电或者断电而不影响其他负载18，因此断路器16有助于使设备故障达到最小，从而产生增加的效率，以及减小操作和制造成本。
配电系统10包括断路器控制保护系统19，控制保护系统19包括多个节点电子单元20，并且每个节点电子单元20通过网络接口控制器开关23通信连接到数字网络22上，该网络接口控制器开关23例如但不局限于以太网开关23。断路器控制保护系统19还包括至少一个中央控制处理单元(CCPU)24，该中央控制处理单元24通信连接到数字网络22上。在使用中，每个单独的节点电子单元20电连接到各自的断路器16上，这样CCPU24通过数字网络22并通过关联的节点电子单元20通信连接到每个断路器16上。
在一个实施例中，数字网络22包括，例如，至少一个局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)，拨号连接(dial-in-connection)，电缆调制解调器，以及专用高速ISDN线。数字网络22还包括能互连到互联网上的任何设备，这些设备包括基于网络的电话机，个人数字助理(PDA)，或其他基于网络的连接设备。
在一个实施例中，CCPU24是计算机，并包括设备26，例如软盘驱动器或者CD-ROM驱动器，从而有助于读取来自计算机可读媒介28的指令和/或数据，计算机可读媒介28如软盘或CD-ROM。在另一个实施例中，CCPU24执行存储在固件(未示出)中的指令。将CCPU24进行编程以实现在此描述的功能，但其他可编程电路可同样进行编程。因此，如此处所使用的，术语计算机并不局限于现有技术中称作计算机的那些集成电路，而是广泛地指计算机，处理器，微控制器，微机，可编程逻辑控制器，应用专用集成电路及其他可编程电路。另外，尽管描述在配电设备中，也可考虑本发明对包括工业系统的所有配电系统产生有益之处，例如，但不局限于安装在办公楼中的配电系统。
图2是示出了与配电系统10(示于图1)并尤其与断路器控制保护系统19(示于图1)一起使用的节点配电系统29的代表性示意图。节点配电系统29包括电源30，该电源30通过节点配电总线32电连接到节点电子单元20上。在代表性实施例中，电源30是不间断电源(UPS)。在一个实施例中，电源30接收来自配电系统10的电能并且然后将该电能通过节点配电总线32分配给节点电子单元20。在可替换实施例中，不将电能供给电源30，而是，电源30采用内部电源将电能提供给节点电子单元20，该内部电源例如但不局限于多个电池(未示出)。在另一个可替换实施例中，节点电子单元20由从电流传感器82和/或电压传感器84得到的二次电流提供电能。在该实施例中，断路器控制保护系统19不包括节点配电系统29，电源30或节点配电总线32。
图3是CCPU24的代表性示意图。CCPU24包括至少一个存储器装置40，该存储器装置例如但不局限于只读存储器(ROM)42，快速存储器44，和/或随机存取存储器(RAM)46。CCPU24还包括中央处理器单元(CPU)48，该中央处理器单元48电连接到至少一个存储器装置40上，还连接到内部总线50，通信接口52以及通信处理器54上。在代表性实施例中，CCPU24是印刷电路板，并且包括电源56，从而提供电能给印刷电路板上的多个设备。
此外，在代表性实施例中，内部总线50包括地址总线，数据总线，以及控制总线。在使用中，地址总线构造成使CPU48对多个内部存储器位置或输入/输出接口进行访问，该输入/输出接口例如但不局限于通过通信处理器54的通信接口52，以及通过网关处理器58的网关接口57。该数据总线构造成在CPU48和至少一个输入/输出之间发送指令和/或数据，并且控制总线构造成在多个设备之间发送信号从而有助于确保这些设备同步运行。在代表性实施例中，内部总线50是双向总线，这样使得信号可在内部总线50上的任何一个方向上发送。CCPU24还包括至少一个存储装置60，存储装置60构造成存储多个通过内部总线50发送的信息。
在使用中，网关接口57通过互联网链接62或内联网62与远程工作站(未示出)进行通信。在代表性实施例中，远程工作站是包括网络浏览器的个人计算机。尽管描述了单个工作站，此处描述的这种功能可在与网关接口57连接的多台个人计算机的一台上实现。例如，网关接口57可通信连接到各种单机上并连接到第三方上，单机包括本地操作机，第三方如通过ISP互联网连接的远程系统操作机。在该代表性实施例中的通信示出为通过互联网实现，然而，任何其他广域网(WAN)型的通信可在其他实施例中使用，其他实施例即，系统和方法不限于通过互联网实现。在一个实施例中，信息在网关接口57上接收并通过CCPU24和数字网络22发送给节点电子单元20。在另一个实施例中，从节点电子单元20发送的信息在通信接口52上接收并通过网关接口57发送给互联网62。
图4是单个节点电子单元20的代表性示意图。在该代表性实施例中，节点电子单元20是远离CCPU24和断路器16安装的单一设备。在代表性实施例中，节点电子单元20与断路器16隔开，但靠近断路器16。
在一个实施例中，节点电子单元20接收从多个设备输入的信号，这些设备例如但并不局限于电流传感器82，电压传感器84，和/或断路器16。来自断路器16的多个输入作为状态输入86提供，并且这些输入可包括例如但不局限于辅助开关状态，弹簧加载开关状态的输入。另外，节点电子单元20至少发送状态输入86给断路器16以便控制断路器16的一个或多个状态。
在使用中，状态输入86和从电流传感器82，电压传感器84接收的信号通过节点电子单元20及数字网络22发送给CCPU24。节点电子单元20接收状态输入86和从电流传感器82，电压传感器84接收的信号，并将数字消息进行打包，该数字消息包括该输入和与节点电子单元20的质量(health)和状态相关的附加数据。该质量和状态数据可包括信息，该信息基于由内部诊断程序发现的问题和自测程序的状态，自测程序在节点电子单元20内本地运行。CCPU24使用一个或多个保护算法，监测算法以及其任意组合处理数字消息85。响应数字消息85的处理，CCPU24通过数字网络22将数字消息返还给节点电子单元20。在代表性实施例中，节点电子单元20通过响应从CCPU24接收的数字消息的信号来激励断路器16。在一个实施例中，响应仅由CCPU24发送的命令来激励断路器16，即，断路器16不受节点电子单元20本地控制，而是基于从电流传感器82，电压传感器84接收的输入以及从网络22上的节点电子单元20接收的状态输入86而从CCPU24远程操作。
图5是电连接到节点电子单元20上的断路器16的代表性示意图。在该代表性实施例中，断路器16包括开关组件，该开关组件包括可动和/或固定触头，抑弧装置，以及跳闸和操作机构。断路器16附件仅包括一个跳闸线圈100，闭合线圈102，辅助开关104，操作弹簧加载开关106，以及电动机108。断路器16不包括跳闸单元。辅助开关和传感器通过线束连接到节点电子单元20上，该线束可包括铜导线和通信管道。电流传感器82，以及电压传感器84通过电缆连接到节点电子单元20上，电缆可包括铜导线和/或通信管道。断路器16为靠近CCPU20，电流传感器82以及电压传感器84安装的单一设备。
在使用中，将来自节点电子单元20的激励信号发送给断路器16，从而激励断路器16中的多个功能，例如，但并不局限于，操作跳闸线圈100，操作闭合线圈102，以及影响断路器闭锁特征。辅助开关104和操作弹簧加载开关106提供断路器参数的状态指示给节点电子单元20。电动机108构造成对工作弹簧进行再加载，当断路器16闭合后构造成为闭合弹簧(未示出)。值得注意的是电动机108可包括，例如，弹簧加载开关，能对跳闸弹簧进行再加载的螺线管和其他任一种电子-机械装置。为了闭合断路器16，闭合线圈102由来自激励电源模块(未示出)的关断信号通电。闭合线圈102激励闭合机构(未示出)，该闭合机构将至少一个可动电气触头(未示出)连接到相应的固定电气触头(未示出)上。断路器16的闭合机构锁定在闭合位置，这样使得当闭合线圈102断电时断路器16保持闭合。当断路器16闭合时，辅助开关104的“a”触头也将闭合并且辅助开关104的“b”触头将打开。“a”和“b”触头的位置由节点电子单元20进行检测。为了打开断路器16，节点电子单元20向跳闸线圈(TC)100通电。TC100直接作用于断路器16上以释放保持断路器16闭合的锁定机构。当锁定机构释放时，断路器16将打开，打开辅助开关104的“a”触头并闭合辅助开关104的“b”触头。然后跳闸线圈100由节点电子单元20断电。在断路器16打开后，与由电动机108进行再加载的闭合弹簧一起，断路器16为下一个工作周期作准备。在代表性实施例中，每个节点电子单元20以一对一的对应关系连接到断路器16上。例如，每个节点电子单元20仅与一个断路器16直接通信。在可替换实施例中，节点电子单元20可与多个断路器16进行通信。
图6使图1所示的配电系统10的代表性实施例的单线(one-line)示意框图。配电系统10作为三相四线配电系统示出，并包括一次电路600以及多个传感器，用于在其他事物(thing)中执行接地故障表，该接地故障表用于防止一次电路遭受由接地故障情况导致的电流，这些接地故障情况可出现在系统10中。一次电路600由三个主母线602，604，606以及互连主母线的三个联络母线608，610以及611组成。在代表性实施例中，多个电源，例如三相中线接地变压器612，614，616，提供给负载母线618和负载母线620的电源，当主断路器闭合时，负载母线618和负载母线620分别通过主开关或断路器622，624，626连接到主母线602，604，606上。打开主断路器622将电源612从其相关母线602上断开，打开主断路器624使电源614从其相关母线604上断开，以及打开主断路器626使电源616从其相关母线606上断开。联络母线608和610包含联络开关或断路器628，该联络开关或断路器628闭合时，将主母线602和604连接在一起，当该联络开关或断路器628打开时，打开联络母线608从而将主母线互相断开。联络母线610和611包含联络开关或断路器630，当该联络开关或断路器630闭合时，将主母线604和606连接在一起，并且当打开时，打开联络母线611从而将主母线互相断开。主母线602，604和606以及联络母线608和610每个由三相导体和中性导体构成。
电源612，614和616示出为每个包括变压器次级线圈，该变压器次级线圈具有以星形结构连接的三相线圈，它们的中性点分别在632，634和636上固定接地。电源612的中性点连接到中性导体642上，同时电源614的中性点连接到中性导体644上，并且电源616的中性点连接到中性导体646上。
在代表性实施例中，接地故障保护电路磁耦合到一次电路，并设置为防止系统10遭受可出现在系统中的接地故障。例如，如果接地故障出现在主母线602上，通常必须打开主断路器622和联络断路器628，以将故障从剩下的系统中隔离。在这种情况下，余下的断路器624，626和630将保持在接地故障出现之前的位置，从而使来自电源614和616的不间断电源在完好的母线604，606，610上继续。
同样，如果接地故障出现在主母线604上，主断路器624和联络断路器628及630将打开以将故障与剩下的母线隔离，同时主断路器622和626将保持闭合，从而分别保持来自电源612和616的电力分别到主母线602和606上。
主断路器622，624和626以及联络断路器628，630的接地故障跳闸功能由通过每个断路器各自的节点电子单元20从每个CCPU24接收的指令和动作消息进行控制。每个节点电子单元20接收来自各电流传感器652，654和656的电流信号，各电流传感器652，654和656监测靠近各断路器622，624和626的每个节点电子单元20的电母线。所有节点电子单元20通过网络23发送与其各自断路器相关的电流信号给所有的CCPU24。每个CCPU24处理电流数据，以确定接地故障的出现，并且确定将要发送给所有节点电子单元20的指令和动作消息。每个节点电子单元20基于从CCPU24接收的指令和动作命令其各自的断路器。
电流传感器对各传感器位置上的一次导体上流过的电流的矢量和起反应。每个电流传感器由四个电流互感器(未示出)组成，电流互感器用于感应在其相关的相和中性母线中的电流。这些电流互感器形成(develop)电流信号，并将这些信号发送到它们的各自的节点电子单元20上，这些信号表示相和中性母线中的电流。CCPU24接收来自节点电子单元20的电流信号。这些电流信号在节点电子单元20上进行同步，这样所有由CCPU24接收的电流信号代表五微秒时间窗内的配电系统10母线上的电流值。CCPU24计算所有相电流和所有在配电系统10上得到的接地电流的相位和矢量和，从而确定接地故障的出现。因为CCPU24能同时检测所有相电流和所有接地电流，因此CCPU24可确定在由用户的需求所指定的多个区域内的接地故障。另外，CCPU24的响应可基于配电系统10的条件响应操作者启动和响应由CCPU24形成的指令和动作的改变而变化，该条件与接地故障情况独立。循环中性电流的结果可由采样多个位置上的相位和中性电流而帮助消除。从基尔霍夫定律知道，电路中任意一点上流进的电流等于流出该点的电流。因为CCPU24接收几乎同时采样的电流数据，例如，在每五微秒内进行的采样，从配电系统10的多个位置采样的电流可求和以简化误差，这些误差可由循环中性电流引入。例如，来自第一组传感器的电流值可进行求和以确定接地故障的出现。来自第二不同组传感器的求和电流值可肯定接地故障的出现，或者可对基于第一组传感器所作的确定的精确度产生怀疑。CCPU24构造成解决来自不同组传感器的电流求和之间的矛盾。第一组传感器和第二组传感器可具有每组共用的单个传感器。由第二组传感器所作的确定有助于确定接地故障的位置。另外，在线验证，以及保护动作的仔细检查可通过采用不同组传感器监测配电系统10的不同位置来检测接地故障而实现。此外，当电流传感器或其他元件故障时，CCPU24可在接地故障的出现和位置的后备确定中使用其他传感器。
图7是示出用于监测图1所示的集中控制配电系统10的方法700的代表性实施例的流程图。方法700包括监测702靠近配电系统10中所有断路器的相导体电流和中性导体电流。包括用于配电系统10每相以及用于中性导体的传感器的电流传感器设置为靠近配电系统10导体，这样每个传感器对导体中的电流起响应。电流传感器在空间上位于靠近相关的断路器，这样流过断路器的多个负载触头的电流由相关的电流传感器进行监测。例如，电流传感器652位于靠近断路器622上游(相对电源612)的导体。所有流过断路器负载触头和中性导体的电流可由电流传感器652监测。
所监测的电流从电流传感器652被发送704到例如相关的节点电子单元20，并通过网络23从节点电子单元20发送到CCPU24上。CCPU24接收来自配电系统10中所有断路器的监测电流，并且维持综合信息设置，该设置包括监测电流为其一部分的配电系统10的状态数据。从该监测电流，CCPU24基于对进入和离开配电系统10中的指定节点上的电流求和而确定706配电系统10中接地故障的出现。如果基于第一组传感器确定接地故障，CCPU24可通过基于第二组/群传感器做出可改变确定而仔细检测该确定，其中第一和第二组传感器是不同的，尽管每组中的单个传感器可以共用。
当确定接地故障出现在配电系统10上时，CCPU24确定708接地故障的区域保护，其中系统有助于使由于接地故障而导致的配电系统10负载上的功率损耗减到最小。CCPU24确定特定母线或多个母线的接地故障的位置。然后CCPU24确定710哪个断路器打开以将接地故障隔离，同时使负载的功率损耗最小。在代表性实施例中，CCPU24可选择地闭合断路器从而使进行断电以隔离接地故障的母线再通电。CCPU24将不自动给故障母线进行再通电。
CCPU24确定712发送给节点电子单元20的指令和动作消息，以执行所确定的故障隔离指令。CCPU24发送714该指令和动作消息给配电系统10上的所有节点电子单元20。每个节点电子单元20接收在相同时间多点传送或广播给所有节点电子单元20的消息。每个消息包括对每个节点电子单元20进行访问的指令和动作。例如，配电系统10可包括十个断路器16和十个相关节点电子单元20，因此每个多点传送消息可包括十个分开访问的指令和动作消息，每一个用于一个节点电子单元20。
每个节点电子单元20接收每个指令和动作消息，并基于所接收的指令和动作消息确定716对相关断路器16的激励指令，以及发送所确定的激励指令给其相关断路器16。断路器16当由节点电子单元20命令时进行动作以打开或关闭。
上述的配电系统网络监测系统成本低而且可靠性高。每个系统包括至少一个中央控制处理单元(CCPU)以及通过高速数字网络通信连接的多个节点电子单元。可具有附加CCPU和相应的网络干线，网络干线连接在配电系统中从而有助于满足系统可靠性目标。每个节点电子单元通过数字消息包通信到每个CCPU上，数字信息包有助于在维持系统潜在要求的同时有效通信。因此，配电系统通信系统有助于以划算和可靠方式运行的电力系统的保护和优化。
配电系统通信系统元件的代表性实施例在上面已经详细描述过。但这些元件并不局限于在此描述的特定实施例，而是，每个系统的元件可独立并与在此描述的其他元件分开使用。每个配电系统通信系统元件也可与其他配电系统元件结合使用。
尽管本发明已经依据各种特定实施例进行了描述，本领域技术人员知道本发明可用落入权利要求的精神和范围内的改变来实施。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于监测包括多个断路器的配电系统的方法，该方法包括：
以同步方式在所述多个断路器的每一个处采样电力状态；
发送所述多个断路器的每一个的所述电力状态到中央控制处理单元；
基于所述电力状态确定配电系统中接地故障的出现和位置；以及
通过打开提供功率给所述位置的所述多个断路器的一个或多个而隔离所述接地故障。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述同步方式确保所述多个断路器的每一个的所述电力状态在指定时间窗内进行采样。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中所述窗在约五微秒到约十微秒之间。
4.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述接地故障的所述出现和位置基于相电流值进行确定。
5.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述电力状态为电流。
6.根据权利要求1的方法，其中确定接地故障出现和位置包括：
基于从第一组电流传感器接收的电流值确定接地故障出现和位置；以及
基于从第二组电流传感器接收的电流值确定接地故障出现和位置，其中第一组传感器和第二组传感器不同。
7.根据权利要求6的方法，进一步包括解决基于第一组传感器的接地故障的第一确定和基于第二组传感器的接地故障的第二确定之间的冲突。
8.根据权利要求1的方法，进一步包括为了将接地故障从配电系统电源隔离，确定至少一个断路器打开。
9.根据权利要求1的方法，其中隔离所确定的接地故障包括：
从中央控制处理单元发送消息给多个节点电子单元；以及
从每个节点电子单元发送断路器激励命令给其各自的断路器，该激励命令基于所发送的消息，以及接地故障出现的确定。
10.一种用于监测和控制配电系统(10)的装置，包括：
连接到配电系统(10)的电源(30)的多个断路器(16)；
与所述多个断路器(16)的各自一个通信的节点电子单元(20)，所述节点电子单元(20)远离其所述多个断路器(16)的各自一个；以及
与每个所述节点电子单元(20)电气通信的中央处理单元(24)，所述中央处理单元(24)控制每个所述节点电子单元(20)，从而执行所述电源(30)的条件的基本同步的采样，以使所述中央处理单元(24)可执行所述多个断路器(16)的所述条件的比较，以确定配电系统(10)中的故障。
11.如权利要求10的装置，其中所述条件为电流相量值，并且所述故障是接地故障。
12.如权利要求11的装置，其中所述中央处理单元(24)执行所述比较以确定所述故障在配电系统(10)中的位置。
13.如权利要求12的装置，其中所述中央处理单元(24)基于所述故障和所述位置控制所述多个断路器(16)。
14.如权利要求10的装置，其中所述节点电子单元(20)的所述基本同步的采样在所选择的时间窗内进行。
15.如权利要求14的装置，其中所述所选择的时间窗在约五微秒到约十微秒之间。
16.如权利要求10所述的装置，进一步包括数字网络(22)，所述数字网络将所述中央处理单元(24)设置为与每个所述节点电子单元(20)电气通信。
17.如权利要求16的装置，其中每个所述节点电子单元(20)通过所述数字网络(22)发送消息包给所述中央控制处理单元(24)，所述消息包包括所述条件。
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CN108462157A (zh) * 2017-02-22 2018-08-28 通用电气公司 功率分配系统以及在其中执行接地故障检测的方法
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