CN1658806A - 口腔卫生用方法和工具 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种牙齿和口腔的自我清洁方法和材料,所述方法和材料联合使用可见区内的光源(14)和在可见区内具有宽吸收光谱的光敏性口腔卫生组合物。本发明通过使用光敏剂和光源(14)选择性地消除有害细菌。本发明包括使用一种可提供光的牙科器械来活化光敏剂和破坏口腔内的有害细菌。本发明预防或阻止口腔疾病、炎症和感染。
Description
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明总体上涉及一种牙齿和口腔的家用清洁方法,该方法使用一种提供光的器具和口腔清洁漱洗液,所述漱洗液含有光敏剂和一种材料,该材料用于防止口腔内流体的损毁作用和消除口腔内的有害细菌。
2.信息公开
通常,现有技术使用一种光辅助的牙科治疗方法,该方法需要专业护理,以及仅仅在为对付口腔出现的特殊问题,即,病灶、创伤、微生物或牙周疾病时才实施。另外,使用波长小于1500nm的激光可产生潜在危险,为了防止这种危险,必需采取安全预防措施来保护使用者免受伤害。那些可进行家用自我保健的器械提供一种在较低能级使用的激光,这样就潜在地减少了清洁方法的有效性。
另外,以前的光辅助的牙科治疗方法不提供基本的保护材料,所述材料可使光敏剂附着于口腔内的细菌上。在现有技术中,光敏剂在接触口内的唾液、白细胞和其它天然的防御物质时,其效力显著降低。尽管光敏剂在没有那些身体防卫机制或其它安全介质的介质中可容易地附着于细菌上,但是尚无证实的方法可有效地保护光敏剂免受口内存在的其它物质的影响。
炎性牙周疾病是人类最普遍的疾病之一,其是慢性牙周炎的早期形式,是导致成人牙齿缺失的主要原因。治疗慢性牙周炎的方法包括机械除去龈下菌斑,进而消除由抗菌剂治疗所产生的致病微生物。这通常包括使用钝器刮掉或另外使用物理力除去菌斑。在这种情况下,菌斑的除去绝不是完全成功的。在治疗中长期使用抗菌剂药物有很多缺点,特别地,对抗菌剂药物耐药性的发展使得这些药物不是临床有效的;并且其干扰口腔菌群,进而带来许多难题。另外,预防性清洁方法的开发妨碍了菌斑的形成,这将从一开始就可防止牙周疾病的产生。
本发明人先前的专利(Neuberger,US 5,658,148)描述了一种激光牙刷,该牙刷可用于家庭治疗,但是其只是使用了与特定光敏剂相匹配的具有特定波长的激光。有限的吸收光谱减少了选择性光源活化光敏剂的效力。这些安全限制减少了这种家用器械的成效。
本发明人的另一个专利(Neuberger;US 6,056,548)描述了使用强化光敏剂进行光力学治疗(PDT),这种治疗方法也需要使用具有特定波长的光源来活化口腔卫生组合物中的光敏剂,另外,先前的发明没有提供任何的机制用于仅仅针对和选择有害细菌。
美国专利5,611,793(Wilson和Harvey)描述了一种PDT方法,该方法用于口腔内伤口或病灶的消毒,该方法主要用在诊所或其它医疗机构中,由医疗领域内的专业人员使用。
本发明总体上提供了一种自我牙齿保健方法,该方法使用一种提供光的牙科器械和一种含有宽吸收光谱的光敏剂的牙膏、洗口药、漱洗液或凝胶体,可安全地用于家庭的口腔保健用途。
发明目的和概述
本发明的目的在于解决对通用的卫生学口腔清洁方法的需求,该方法对细菌、病毒和其它微生物具有显著的破坏作用,同时对于自我治疗而言总体上是安全的。本发明设计一种口腔清洁方法,其用于治疗口腔内任何和全部的组织、细菌或其它物质,包括但不限于牙齿、菌斑、舌头、面颊内组织、齿龈、龈下菌斑、食物或其它残余物、腭(palate)和唾液腺。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种牙科用牙膏、洗口药、漱洗液或凝胶体,这些一般称作口腔卫生组合物,其含有光敏剂,用于增加治疗的积极效果。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有宽吸收光谱的光敏剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供口腔卫生组合物中的一种物质,该物质促进组合物与牙齿和菌斑的粘着,确保光敏剂免受口腔内天然存在的血清、唾液和其它物质的损毁作用,从而产生有效的光活化。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种靶向成分,其可使得口腔卫生组合物识别有害微生物和有益微生物,因此可积极地改变口腔的微生物平衡。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种牙科器械,其可递送光,所述光可活化光敏剂及有助于消除口腔内的有害微生物。
简而言之,本发明提供了一种牙齿和口腔的自我清洁用方法和材料,所述方法和材料联合使用了一种可见区内的光源和一种在可见区内具有宽吸收光谱的光敏性口腔卫生组合物。本发明通过使用光敏剂和光源选择性地消除了有害细菌。本发明包括使用一种提供光的牙科器械来活化光敏剂以及破坏口腔内的有害细菌。其预防或阻止口腔疾病、炎症和感染。
本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点通过下面的说明结合附图将是显而易见的。
附图概述
图1是美国专利5,658,148(Neuberger)中总体上所设计的牙科器械的末端视图。
图2是一种牙科器械的末端视图,该器械使用二极管或灯作为光源而不是激光。
图3是可供选择的一种提供光的器械视图,该器械使用了发光二极管或灯作为光源。
图4是金丝桃素(hypericin)的吸收光谱图,主要在可见波长区内。
优选实施方案详述
在现有技术中,如前面所总结的,大多数PDT的应用需要使用特定波长的光源,目的是有效地活化光敏剂。先前发明中使用的光敏剂需要特定的活化波长,特别是在可见区中的波长。
另外,现有技术没有认真地考虑到由消费者来进行的使用和操作。本发明解决了对这种预防性清洁而不是治疗的需要。先前的发明解决的是由经过培训的医疗专业人员通常遇到的那些已经存在的牙科问题或口腔病灶问题的治疗。
现有技术一般证实光敏剂在没有任何具有损毁作用的物质的环境中与菌斑粘着时的效力。然而,现有技术通常不能成功地提供一种机制或基本的牙科材料或物质,用于保护光活化的化合物免受身体中天然存在的防御物质和其它物质的分解作用。血清和唾液以及其它物质使得光敏剂与菌斑的附着能力减弱。
最后,现有技术没有包括一种与光敏剂一起使用的靶向机制,该机制通过选择性地针对有害细菌而使得其它害处不大的微生物得以生存来积极改变口腔中的微生物平衡。
在一个优选实施方案中,如图1所示,使用了一种牙科器械,该器械与美国专利5,568,148中使用的器械相似。在这一实施方案中,牙科器械中的发光二级管或灯提供光源。光源从刷毛之间发光或在旋转式刷头的圆形结构的中部发光。口腔卫生组合物通过使用常规的牙刷或其它方法自牙科器械而加以施用。使用低粘性的口腔卫生组合物需要使口腔内摄入特定的剂量,类似于人们使用洗口药那样的方法在口内移动该组合物,相似地,具有较高粘性的口腔卫生组合物需要象人们使用常规的牙膏那样使用。光敏剂具有宽吸收谱带,如图4所示,它能吸收大部分可见光源,即使不是全部的话。金丝桃素为一种贯叶连翘(Hypericum perforatum)(St.John′s Wort)的提取物,在优选实施方案中,它是合适的光敏剂。630nm波长的激光适用于该实施方案,其它波长的可见光同样是适用的。牙刷含有较长的刷毛,其围绕圆形刷头间歇式地间隔布置,目的是确保通过引入口腔卫生组合物进行有效的清洁以及从牙齿内部空间除去光敏剂。
尽管金丝桃素可以以纯品形式被提取,得自贯叶连翘的其它提取物含有金丝桃素作为主要的化学物质而只含有微量的无害杂质。这些提取物也适用于本发明。不纯的金丝桃素的成本也低于纯品形式的成本。
另一种适用于本发明的可能的光敏剂为赤鲜红B。美国专利6,254,856(Tsuchiya)描述了赤鲜红B用于菌斑鉴定的组合物中。赤鲜红B是酪氨酸(Tyrosin)氧化得到的红色物质。业已证明它是一种光学药物,在本发明中非常适合用作光敏剂。
口腔卫生组合物可很好地适用于口腔用途,这是由于该组合物中的成分可抵抗口腔内天然存在的唾液、血清和其它物质的分解作用。口腔卫生组合物中的一种成分可保护光敏剂以及可在充分长的时间内抵抗分解,从而可使光敏剂附着于牙齿和菌斑并被光源活化。所述相同成分或附加成分也可增加口腔卫生组合物的粘性。粘性的增加改变了口腔卫生组合物的物理性质。通过改变这种物理性质,有关成分或抗性试剂促进组合物与口腔内治疗部位如牙齿、齿龈或其它区域的附着。适用于口腔卫生组合物中的抗性成分包括已知试剂,如二氧化硅、火成二氧化硅、硅胶、羟乙基纤维素、羊毛脂酸酯以及其它脂肪酸。美国专利6,254,388(Yarborough)描述了这种抗性试剂用于牙科漂白物质中的保护。硅酸钠是有益的,因为它与铁及其它重金属具有亲合性,而这些重金属往往可使口腔卫生组合物中的光敏剂的效力降低。铁及其它重金属存在于口腔内的血清中并使得光敏剂针对和破坏有害细菌的效力降低。口腔卫生组合物中的抗性成分也可保护光敏剂免受唾液酶作用的降解作用。硅酸钠及其它抗性成分可保护光敏剂免受这些天然存在的物质的破坏,从而可在充分长的时间内进行有效治疗。本发明包括一种口腔卫生组合物,该组合物非常适用于口腔中,因为它可抵抗任何的分解,其品质使得它可理想地用于与菌斑和牙齿的粘着。上面列出的所有抗性成分增加口腔卫生组合物的粘性,促进组合物与牙齿或口腔内其它治疗部位的粘着。口腔卫生组合物内光敏剂的化学和物理保护可促进有害细菌的有效破坏。
在另一个优选实施方案中,如图2所示,口腔卫生组合物和牙科器械与图1所述中的相似。激光是本实施方案中的光源。水源通过牙刷将激光与水或相似液体一起运输到口腔内。器械中的液体射流使用全反射方法携带光,使得激光源本身是安全的。器械的刷毛也可起到光纤传输器的作用,较长的刷毛起到光纤维的作用,也有助于活化牙齿之间的光敏剂。口腔的清洁过程与前段所述的过程相似。
在另一个优选实施方案中,如图3所示,光敏剂通过稍有不同的牙科器械被活化,同样地,该器械可使用二极管、灯、激光或其它光源。金丝桃素或其它适当的光敏剂的吸收光谱可容易地吸收可见光谱中的光。口腔卫生组合物通过常规的牙刷或其它方法施用于口腔内并漱洗。将光源施用于整个口腔内,活化光敏剂并使其破坏有害细菌。所述光源具有适当的尺寸,可使口腔内的操纵安全方便,光源体是连接的或易弯曲的,因此可进入口腔内难进的空间或角度。然后口腔卫生组合物可进行刷拭和洗去,方法与常规的牙齿清洁方法相似。
金丝桃素是临床上被证实有效的化合物,其是一种光敏剂,用于治疗抑郁,并用在AIDS和癌症相关疾病的试验中。美国专利6,001,882(Fox等人)描述了金丝桃素的各种用途。过度接触金丝桃素可导致对日光的超敏反应,这是使用该药物在AIDS和癌症试验组中普遍的副作用。试验组表现皮疹和其它皮肤疾病,这些疾病与超敏作用有关。在本发明的实施方案中,只需要递送十分低剂量的金丝桃素,从而避免任何潜在的副作用。金丝桃素是优选的光敏剂,因为它具有宽吸收光谱,可理想地与宽区的可见光源一起使用。在其目前的制剂中,金丝桃素和其它光敏剂构成部分的自我或专业保健系统。金丝桃素的宽吸收光谱使得其成为理想的候选光敏剂,其在预防性的家庭保健系统中与一系列光源一起使用。另外,口腔卫生组合物可选择性地针对有害细菌和积极地改变口腔的微生物平衡的能力主要指向预防性用途。然而,本发明也可用于针对和治愈病灶和其它医学问题,这些问题已经存在于口腔中,即通过医疗专业人员而理想地发挥活性。
金丝桃素和其它光学药物可与其它形成靶向机制的化合物联合使用,使口腔卫生组合物可积极地改变口腔的微生物平衡。口腔中存在多种微生物,它们对人类是有益的。口腔卫生组合物只针对和破坏有害细菌。图4表示金丝桃素在可见区内的相对吸光度。这一性质增加了从实施方案中所述可见光源的吸收。
抗体是由B细胞产生的蛋白分子中的任何一种,其作为主要的免疫防御物质。业已证实,它们可有效针对口腔内的细菌。美国专利6,251,419(Graber等人)描述了使用抗体的优势,可使由牙周炎导致的缺失的齿龈和其它口腔组织再生。抗体针对有害细菌的能力使得它适合用作本发明中的载体分子。
可很好地适用作载体分子的其它物质是多赖氨酸残基。多赖氨酸是一种聚合物,其可起到靶向药物载体的作用。它与光学药物偶合,从而更特异地针对口腔内的有害细菌。美国专利6,262,030(Wu等人)描述了使用多赖氨酸与各种药物偶合,从而针对体腔内的有害细菌。它的靶向性质适用于本发明中。
本发明进一步通过以下实施例得以阐述,但不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1:图1中牙科器械的使用。能源20提供电源,水源18提供水或其它液体以及口腔卫生组合物。也可将漱洗液直接施用到旋转式刷头10上。二极管、灯或其它光源从出口14发光。水、口腔卫生组合物和光源从器械的出口14发射出来,出口14位于刷毛12之间或位于圆形刷头10的中部。施用口腔卫生组合物并针对有害细菌适当时间后,使用者可激活光源14。旋转式刷头10上的较长刷毛16伸出并超过标准刷毛12,从而除去牙齿之间和其它难以到达空间内的菌斑和光敏剂。得自水源18的水可用于冲洗上述步骤结束时的残余物。刷头10是一种可取下的和可替换的器件,目的是替换用旧的刷毛。能源20延伸到一独立的直流电源上或可插入家用或旅行用的墙壁插座内。水源18与旅行用的便携式蓄水器连接,或直接与家用或旅行用水龙头连接,并使用一种可张开的或可替换的连接器用于密接。光源14是一独立的、可替换的器件,以容易地替换用旧的灯泡或二极管。可使用具有不同波长的二极管或灯,使得对于光敏剂的吸收光谱达最佳辐照。金丝桃素具有宽的吸收光谱,这使得白色光是最佳光源。
实施例2:图2所示牙科器械的设计。除了使用激光源32代替作为辐照光源的灯或二极管之外,实施方案与图1相似。激光从旋转式刷头22中部、围绕或邻接水源32的出口28发光。由激光源32发出的激光使用全反射方法通过水射流的方式或单独的纤维的方式被运输到口腔内。分开的刷毛24也可起到光纤股线的作用,其可传输激光。水源也可围绕光源。口腔卫生组合物以与实施例1相似的方式被施用。激光源32被激活,以与实施例1相似的方法清洁牙齿。激光源32、纤维和出口28是器械中独立的、可取下的器件,从而确保容易地替换。较长的刷毛30确保充分清洁牙齿之间的空间。在这一实施方案中,刷毛起到光纤传输器的作用,其也可将辐射传输到牙齿之间的空间内。
实施例3:如图3所示牙科器械或光源的设计。电源44向二极管、激光器或光源40提供电源。塑性体40是易弯曲的,其具有接头、或使用其它手段以确保其可灵活操纵并进入口腔内的全部区域。使用常规牙刷或其它方法施用口腔卫生组合物,然后激活光源40,其激活光敏剂。接着,使用者可使用常规的牙刷或其它方法来清洁牙齿和除去牙齿和口腔内的残余物。图3中的光源40也是可取下的,从而确保在通常用旧的和破损的情况下可进行划算的替换。
已经参考附图描述了本发明的优选实施方案。可以理解,本发明不限于这些准确的实施方案,本领域的技术人员可对本发明的实施方案做各种改变和修改,而并不脱离本发明的保护范围和精神,其由随附的权利要求书所限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种口腔卫生组合物,其包括:
一种光敏剂,其具有在可见波长处的宽吸收光谱,所述光敏剂在适量使用时是安全的;
一种化合物,其保护光敏剂免受口腔内的血清、唾液或其它体液的有害作用。
2.权利要求1的口腔卫生组合物,其中所述光敏剂是得自贯叶连翘的提取物。
3.权利要求1的口腔卫生组合物,其中所述光敏剂是金丝桃素。
4.权利要求1的口腔卫生组合物,其中所述的光敏剂是赤鲜红B。
5.权利要求1的口腔卫生组合物,其中所述光敏剂与载体分子结合形成一种靶向机制,该靶向机制可选择性地减少口腔内的有害细菌。
6.权利要求5的口腔卫生组合物,其中所述载体分子是抗体。
7.权利要求5的口腔卫生组合物,其中所述载体分子是多赖氨酸残基。
8.权利要求1的口腔卫生组合物,其中所述口腔卫生组合物与口腔内受侵袭的区域很好地粘着,使得所述光敏剂可附着到希望的位置上,以及所述口腔卫生组合物具有足够的抗性,可抵抗唾液和其它天然存在的身体防御物质的分解作用。
9.一种牙科卫生器械,其包括:
至少一种光源,其具有的发射波长特征与权利要求1所述的口腔卫生组合物的吸收性质交迭;
其中所述的至少一种光源具有的输出功率符合使权利要求1所述的口腔卫生组合物活化的要求;
一种装置,其可将光从所述的至少一种光源传输到使用者口腔内的所述口腔卫生组合物上。
10.一种口腔卫生用方法,其包括以下步骤:
a.将权利要求1的口腔卫生组合物施用到使用者口腔内的表面上;
b.使用一种牙科卫生器械活化所述的口腔卫生组合物,所述卫生器械包括至少一种光源,其具有的发射波长特征与权利要求1所述的口腔卫生组合物的吸收特征交迭,其中所述的至少一种光源具有的输出功率符合使权利要求1所述的口腔卫生组合物活化的要求;和一种装置,其可将光从所述的至少一种光源传输到使用者口腔内的所述口腔卫生组合物上;和
c.冲洗所述使用者口腔内的任何残余物。
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- 2002-09-09 JP JP2003530169A patent/JP2005503422A/ja active Pending
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CN109803569A (zh) * | 2017-02-20 | 2019-05-24 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | 具有可旋转刷的真空吸尘器吸头 |
CN108577165A (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-28 | 中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所 | 一种光学保健牙刷 |
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JP2005503422A (ja) | 2005-02-03 |
US20030059738A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
CA2461662C (en) | 2011-11-01 |
US6561808B2 (en) | 2003-05-13 |
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AU2002324917B2 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
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