CN1679007A - 具有增强性能的视频存储网络 - Google Patents

具有增强性能的视频存储网络 Download PDF

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CN1679007A
CN1679007A CNA038200082A CN03820008A CN1679007A CN 1679007 A CN1679007 A CN 1679007A CN A038200082 A CNA038200082 A CN A038200082A CN 03820008 A CN03820008 A CN 03820008A CN 1679007 A CN1679007 A CN 1679007A
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CN100386746C (zh
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史蒂文·布赖恩·罗斯克
查理·托德·辛格
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/433—Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request, caching operations
    • H04N21/4335—Housekeeping operations, e.g. prioritizing content for deletion because of storage space restrictions
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    • G06F12/0802—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches
    • G06F12/0866—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches for peripheral storage systems, e.g. disk cache
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F16/50—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of still image data
    • G06F16/51—Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
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    • G06F3/0602—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
    • G06F3/061—Improving I/O performance
    • G06F3/0613—Improving I/O performance in relation to throughput
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
    • G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
    • G06F3/0655—Vertical data movement, i.e. input-output transfer; data movement between one or more hosts and one or more storage devices
    • G06F3/0659—Command handling arrangements, e.g. command buffers, queues, command scheduling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
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    • H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
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    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/27—Server based end-user applications
    • H04N21/274—Storing end-user multimedia data in response to end-user request, e.g. network recorder
    • H04N21/2743—Video hosting of uploaded data from client
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/27—Server based end-user applications
    • H04N21/274—Storing end-user multimedia data in response to end-user request, e.g. network recorder
    • H04N21/2747—Remote storage of video programs received via the downstream path, e.g. from the server
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04N21/4331—Caching operations, e.g. of an advertisement for later insertion during playback
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    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/162—Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing
    • H04N7/163—Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing by receiver means only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications
    • H04N7/17318—Direct or substantially direct transmission and handling of requests

Abstract

一种视频存储系统(10)，包括存储区网络(12)和至少一个本地高速缓冲存储单元(14)。存储装置和本地高速缓冲存储单元均至少存储一些公共内容。响应读取请求，读取导控器(20)确定存储装置和本地高速缓冲存储单元中的哪一个包含所请求的内容。在确定所请求的内容位于本地高速缓冲存储单元上时，读取导控器将内容请求送往本地高速缓冲存储单元，从而降低对存储装置的要求。如果内容并未在本地高速缓冲存储单元上，则读取导控器将请求送往存储装置，但如果内容不可用，则将以来自填充数据源(24)的填充数据来满足内容请求。

Description

具有增强性能的视频存储网络
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2002年8月28日递交的美国临时专利申请序列号No.60/406,623在35 U.S.C.119(e)下的优先权，且这里将其一并作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于存储视频信息的视频存储网络。
背景技术
过去，视频编辑发生在单独的设备上，典型地发生在磁带录像机上。想要创建由分离的剪辑构成的视频片断的编辑人员将在一台或多台源机器上按照所需的次序对剪辑进行排列，然后选择所需的剪辑进行记录。共享视频存储的出现极大地改变了目前所进行的视频编辑的方式。利用今天的共享存储网络，多个用户可以利用非线性编辑技术，每人对相同内容的副本进行编辑。因为带宽约束，现在许多视频存储网络经常对用户的数量加以限制。这种视频存储网络的开关结构通常不会允许多于所限数量的用户来访问存储设施。通过提供额外的链路来克服此缺点整体上增加了成本。
因此，需要一种技术，用于提供一种克服了上述缺点的共享视频存储系统。
发明内容
简要地，根据优选实施例，提出了一种用于存储内容、优选地为视频文件的存储系统。本发明的存储系统包括存储装置，大容量硬盘驱动器或一个或多个廉价盘驱动器冗余阵列(RAID)。所述存储系统还包括至少一个本地高速缓冲存储单元，用于镜像存储在所述存储装置上的内容的至少一部分。因此，用户可以从所述本地高速缓冲存储单元获得这些镜像的内容，而不是从所述存储装置，从而降低了对所述存储装置的带宽要求。写入导控器与所述存储装置和所述一个本地高速缓冲存储单元相连，用于控制写入所述存储装置和所述本地高速缓冲存储单元中的输入内容。高速缓存管理器对所述存储装置和所述本地高速缓冲存储单元之间的内容一致性进行管理，从而所述存储装置上的至少一些内容也存在于所述本地高速缓冲存储单元上，反之亦然。读取导控器响应于来自用户的内容请求，并根据其各自的内容可用性，将所述请求送往所述存储装置和所述本地高速缓冲存储单元之一。按照这种方式，如果所述内容可以在所述本地高速缓冲存储单元上得到，则所述用户从该单元而不是所述存储装置进行读取。存储装置存取管理器对从和到所述存储装置的内容读取和写入进行监控，以便相应地控制所述读取和写入管理器。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明优选实施例的存储系统的方框示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了提供提高效率的、根据本发明优选实施例的存储系统10。在其内部，存储系统10包括由单一盘驱动器或一个或多个廉价盘驱动器冗余阵列(RAID)构成的存储装置12，接收用于用户的随后访问的内容。典型地，存储装置12存储具有或不具有嵌入音频的视频文件，以便进行编辑和/或广播。使所有用户能够在任意给定的时间访问存储装置将对带宽造成约束，因此对最大用户数量加以限制。为了克服此缺点，本发明的存储系统10还包括至少一个本地高速缓冲存储单元14，以及优选地，多个这种单元。每个本地高速缓冲存储单元14典型地具有盘驱动器或一个或多个RAID的形式。
如稍后详细所讨论的那样，本地高速缓冲存储单元14对存储在存储装置12上的至少一些内容进行镜像。换句话说，本地高速缓冲存储单元14至少存储一些与存储装置12相同的文件。按照这种方式，想要访问既存储在存储装置12又存储在本地高速缓冲存储单元14上的特定文件的用户可以访问本地高速缓冲存储单元而不是存储装置。对本地高速缓冲存储单元14进行访问降低了对存储装置12的带宽要求。实际上，每个不同的用户组可以具有专用的本地高速缓冲存储单元。可选地，可以动态地将本地高速缓冲存储单元14分配给用户组。
写入导控器16对输入内容从外部源(未示出)到存储装置12和本地高速缓存中的每一个的写入进行控制。这种输入内容可以包括从摄像机或卫星馈送接收到的现场视频或先前记录的视频。实际上，写入导控器16采用编程处理器、硬布线逻辑电路或现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等形式，响应于从存储装置存取管理器17接收到的控制信息，存储装置存取管理器17对存储装置12上的读和写负荷进行监控。实际上，存储装置存取管理器17采用编程处理器、硬布线逻辑电路或现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的形式。根据来自存储装置存取管理器17的输出信号，写入导控器16将输入内容送往存储装置12和本地高速缓冲存储单元14中的一个或全部。
典型地为编程处理器、硬布线逻辑电路或现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等形式的高速缓存管理器18根据来自本地高速缓冲存储单元的控制信号，对本地高速缓冲存储单元14和存储装置12之间的内容写入进行控制，以保持内容一致性。换句话说，高速缓存管理器18至少保持存储装置12和本地高速缓冲存储单元14上的一些公共内容。为了实现此任务，高速缓存管理器18对文件进行从存储装置12到本地高速缓冲存储单元14的后台复制(“下行流”(trickle down))。类似地，高速缓存管理器18对文件进行从本地高速缓冲存储单元14到存储装置12的后台复制(“上行流”(trickle up))。当用户对内容进行了编辑时，这种上行流成为必需，以便其他人稍后使用。“下行流”和“上行流”发生的速率是对存储装置12的整体带宽要求的函数。高速缓存管理器18还通过删除很少被存取的文件，对本地高速缓冲存储单元14的存储容量进行管理。如果本地高速缓冲存储单元14的可用存储容量超过预定水平，高速缓存管理器18将首先删除最早被访问过的文件。之后，高速缓存管理器18将删除下一个最早被访问过的文件，直到本地高速缓冲存储单元14的可用存储容量达到可接受的水平。
为了从存储系统10读取内容，用户输入由读取导控器20接收的读取请求。实际上，读取导控器20采用编程处理器的形式，对存储装置12和本地高速缓冲存储单元14上的内容进行监控。在接收到读取请求时，读取导控器20确定所请求的内容是否位于本地高速缓冲存储单元14上。如果是，读取导控器20向读取源选择器22(典型地为多路复用器)发送命令，以指定本地高速缓冲存储单元14作为所请求的内容的源。因此，在这种情况下，读取导控器20将读取请求“重新定向”到本地高速缓冲存储单元14。在本地高速缓冲存储单元14没有所请求的内容的情况下，读取导控器20使读取源选择器22选择存储装置12。可选地，在本地高速缓冲存储单元14不能提供所请求的内容，且不存在足够的带宽以实现对存储装置12的存取的情况下，读取导控器20将使读取源选择器22选择存储单元24，向用户提供填充内容。当本地高速缓冲存储单元14没有所请求的内容时，读取导控器20向高速缓存管理器18进行告警。作为响应，高速缓存管理器18发起下行流复制操作，以便从存储装置12向本地高速缓冲存储单元14传送所述内容。
在操作中，存储系统10通过降低对存储装置12的带宽要求，有利地提供了增强性能。本地高速缓冲存储单元14用于镜像存储装置12上的至少一些内容，从而提供用于向用户提供这些内容的可选源。在存储装置存取管理器17的监控下，高速缓存管理器18响应于存储装置12的状态，仔细管理本地高速缓冲存储单元14，以确保本地高速缓冲存储单元将包括必备的内容。存储装置存取管理器17在高带宽要求的间隙期间，对从和到存储装置的内容的读取和写入进行控制。
上面对具有增强性能的存储网络进行了描述。

Claims (16)

1、一种存储系统，包括：
用于存储内容的存储装置；
至少一个本地高速缓冲存储单元，用于镜像存储在所述存储装置上的至少一部分内容；
写入导控器，与所述存储装置和所述至少一个本地高速缓冲存储单元相连，用于对写入到所述存储装置和所述至少一个本地高速缓冲存储单元中的内容进行控制；
高速缓存管理器，对所述存储装置和所述至少一个本地高速缓冲存储单元之间的内容复制进行管理，以保持至少部分内容一致性；
读取导控器，响应于来自用户的内容请求，根据其各自的内容可用性，将所述内容请求送往所述至少一个本地高速缓冲存储单元和所述存储装置中所选择的一个；以及
存储装置存取管理器，用于监控所述存储装置的读和写负荷，以及用于根据所述存储装置的读和写负荷，来控制所述读取和写入导控器以及所述高速缓存管理器。
2、根据权利要求1所述的存储系统，其特征在于所述高速缓存管理器通过顺序地删除最少被访问的文件，直到所述本地高速缓冲存储单元具有高于预定水平的可用存储容量为止，来对所述本地高速缓冲存储单元的存储容量进行管理。
3、根据权利要求1所述的存储系统，其特征在于还包括填充存储单元，用于存储填充内容，以及当所请求的内容从所述存储装置和所述本地高速缓冲存储单元均不可得到时，所述读取导控器将所述读取请求送往所述填充存储单元，以提供填充内容。
4、根据权利要求1所述的存储系统，其特征在于所述存储装置还包括至少一个盘驱动器。
5、根据权利要求1所述的存储系统，其特征在于所述存储装置还包括至少一个廉价盘驱动器冗余阵列(RAID)。
6、根据权利要求1所述的存储系统，其特征在于所述本地高速缓冲存储单元还包括至少一个盘驱动器。
7、根据权利要求1所述的存储系统，其特征在于所述本地高速缓冲存储单元还包括至少一个廉价盘驱动器冗余阵列(RAID)。
8、根据权利要求1所述的存储系统，其特征在于当所请求的内容在其上可得到时，所述读取导控器将内容请求重新定向到所述本地高速缓冲存储单元，以降低对所述存储装置的带宽要求。
9、根据权利要求1所述的存储系统，其特征在于所述高速缓存管理器将至少一些先前在所述本地高速缓冲存储单元上不可得到的内容从所述存储装置复制到所述本地高速缓冲存储单元上。
10、根据权利要求1所述的存储系统，其特征在于所述存储装置存取管理器在有限存储装置带宽的间隔期间，对所述读取和写入导控器进行控制，以减少从和到所述存储装置的读取和写入。
11、一种用于存储内容的方法，包括以下步骤：
将输入内容写入存储区网络(存储装置)和本地高速缓冲存储单元中的至少一个；
监控所述存储装置和所述本地高速缓冲存储单元之间的内容一致性；
根据二者之间的内容一致性，在所述存储装置和所述本地高速缓冲存储单元之间复制内容；
根据其各自的内容可用性，将来自用户的内容请求送往所述存储装置和所述本地高速缓冲存储单元中所选择的一个；
监控所述存储装置的读和写负荷；以及
根据所述存储装置的读和写负荷，控制从和到所述存储装置的内容读取和写入。
12、根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于发送所述内容请求的步骤还包括如果所请求的内容位于所述本地高速缓冲存储单元上，则将所述内容请求重新定向到所述本地高速缓冲存储单元。
13、根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于发送所述内容请求的步骤还包括如果所请求的内容既不位于所述本地高速缓冲存储单元也不位于所述存储装置上，则将所述内容请求重新定向到填充存储单元，以提供填充数据。
14、根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于还包括将内容从所述存储装置写入到所述本地高速缓冲存储单元的步骤。
15、根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于还包括将内容从所述本地高速缓冲存储单元写入到所述存储装置的步骤。
16、根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于控制从和到所述存储装置的内容读取和写入的步骤还包括在高带宽要求的间隔期间限制对所述存储装置的存取的步骤。
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