CN1685651A - 用于空时分集发射天线对的动态功率控制 - Google Patents

用于空时分集发射天线对的动态功率控制 Download PDF

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CN1685651A
CN1685651A CNA2003801000507A CN200380100050A CN1685651A CN 1685651 A CN1685651 A CN 1685651A CN A2003801000507 A CNA2003801000507 A CN A2003801000507A CN 200380100050 A CN200380100050 A CN 200380100050A CN 1685651 A CN1685651 A CN 1685651A
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洪志超
李凌
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    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
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    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
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    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
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    • H04W52/38TPC being performed in particular situations
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Abstract

一种在带有Nr个发射天线的多输入/多输出(MIMO)无线通信系统中用来发射数据符号流的方法。数据符号流首先被解复成为M个子流,其中M=Nr/2。然后对每个子流进行空时发射分集编码,以产生一对发射信号。根据从接收发射信号的接收机接收到的相应反馈信号,动态地为发射信号对中的每一个信号分配功率。所述的反馈信号中包含了发射信号所用信道的信道系数的绝对值总和比。

Description

用于空时分集发射天线对的动态功率控制
技术领域
本发明主要涉及无线通信,并且尤其涉及具备动态功率分配的多输入/多输出无线通信系统。
背景技术
发射分集是使用在第三代无线通信系统中的一项关键技术。通过多个发射天线将信号发送给多个接收天线,就能获得空间分集增益,从而提高系统容量。空时发射分集(STTD)是一种开环技术,在该技术中利用空时分组码对符号进行调制,参见Alamouti的“A simpletransmit diversity technique for wireless communications”,IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.,16:1451-1468,1998。
STTD方案由于其简单的实现方式与最大分集增益而为3GPP采用。发射自适应阵列(TXAA)是3GPP所采用的一种闭环发射分集技术。移动接收机向基站反馈估算的最优发射权重系数。基站利用该反馈信息来调节发射信号的功率水平,以使得预期移动接收机处的接收功率最大化。
仿真结果显示STTD在较高的速度下非常鲁棒,而TXAA则在较低速度下提供最大的效益,参见Derryberry等人的“TransmitDiversity in 3G CDMA Systems”,IEEE Comm.Magazine,vol.40,no.4,pp.68-75,April 2002.
开环与闭环分集技术的组合可被用来对抗快、慢衰落。最近提出了一种自适应STTD(ASTTD)方案,该方案将STTD与自适应发射功率分配结合起来,以改善STTD系统的性能,见Huawei的“STTDwith Adaptive Transmitted Power Allocation”,3GPP TSG-R WG1文档,TSGR1#26 R1-02-0711,Gyeongju,Korea May 13-16,2002。
发明内容
在含有Nr个发射天线的多输入/多输出(MIMO)无线通信系统中用来发射数据符号流的方法。
数据符号流首先被解复为M个子流,其中M=Nr/2。然后,对各个子流进行空时发射分集编码,以产生一对发射信号。
根据从发射信号的接收机接收到的相应反馈信号,动态地为发射信号对中的每一个信号分配功率。
反馈信号中包含了发射信号所用信道的信道系数的幅值总和之比。
附图说明
图1示出了应用本发明的多输入/多输出无线通信系统的框图;以及
图2示出了图1所示系统的接收机的框图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一种运用本发明的MIMO系统100。STTD编码器110利用解复器103由单个输入信号101产生多个输出信号102。在被送给多个发射机天线120之前,每个输出信号的功率由功率放大器加权120,再由发射机天线通过响应特性为h的信道发送给接收机200的接收机天线201,见图2。
加权系数w1和w2都是正实数,在 w 1 2 + w 2 2 = 1 的限制条件下对它们进行选择以使得接收机200处的SNR最大化。STTD编码110是一种空时块码,它将输入信号[X1 X2]T101编码成输出信号102
X 1 - X 2 * X 2 X 1 * , - - - ( 1 )
其中*表示复共轭,并且该矩阵的每一行都被分配给同一个发射天线120。
图2更详细地示出了接收机200。接收机中包括一个组合器220、一个STTD解码器230以及一个干扰消除级240。
假设在接收机200中有Nr个接收机天线201。第i个接收机天线处的接收信号ri(n)210可以被表示为
Figure A20038010005000061
其中hij是第i个发射机天线与第j个接收机天线之间信道的信道系数,v(n)则是时刻n处的加性白高斯噪声样值,假设这些噪声样值在所有的接收机天线单元处都是独立的。
来自所有天线201的接收信号210在被送入STTD解码器230之前首先被组合在一起220。因此,STTD解码器230对应于一个空时码块中的两个连续发射符号的输出
Figure A20038010005000062
可由下式给出
r ~ ( n ) = r ~ 1 r ~ 2 = H * r ( n )
h 11 * h 21 h 12 * h 22 . . . h 1 Nr * h 2 Nr h 21 * - h 11 h 22 * - h 12 . . . h 2 Nr * - h 1 Nr r ( n ) - - - ( 3 )
H * H ~ X + H * v ( n ) = A B - B * A X 1 X 2 + v ~ ( n )
其中
A = w 1 Σ i = 1 Nr | h 1 Nr | 2 + w 2 Σ i = 1 Nr | h 2 Nr | 2 ,
B = w 2 Σ i = 1 Nr h 1 Nr * h 2 Nr - w 1 Σ i = 1 Nr h 1 Nr * h 2 Nr - - - ( 4 )
v ~ ( n ) = H * v ( n ) = Σ i = 1 Nr h 1 i * v i ( n ) + Σ i = 1 Nr h 2 i v i * ( n + 1 ) Σ i = 1 Nr h 2 i * v i ( n ) - Σ i = 1 Nr h 1 i v i * ( n + 1 ) - - - ( 5 )
为了消除方程(4)中的串扰项B,串扰消除级240使STTD解码符号的SNR最大化。输出 250由下式给出
X ^ 1 X ^ 2 = A B - B * A r ~ * ( n ) - - - ( 6 )
= | A | 2 + | B | 2 0 0 | A | 2 + | B | 2 X 1 X 2 + A * - B B * A v ~ ( n )
因此,输出信号的条件SNR可由下式求得
SNR | h ij = ( | A | 2 + | B | 2 ) E s σ v 2 Σ j Σ i | h ij | 2 - - - ( 7 )
其中Es为发射的符号能量,σv 2则是加性白噪声功率。
由于方程(4)中的A项贡献了期望信号能量的主要部分,因此可以通过最大化A来替代最大化方程(7)中的SNR。
从而,通过在功率固定的限制条件 w 1 2 + w 2 2 = 1 下令dA/dw1=0,就可得到最佳权重函数。
w 1 = 1 1 + ( Σ i = 1 Nr | h 2 Nr | 2 Σ i = 1 Nr | h 1 Nr | 2 ) 2
w 2 = 1 1 + ( Σ i = 1 Nr | h 1 ZNr | 2 Σ i = 1 Nr | h 2 Nr | 2 ) 2 - - - ( 8 )
方程8表明仅是信道系数的幅值总和之比就足以让发射机计算出最佳发射加权系数。这远比现有的闭环技术(TXAA)简单,后者利用传播信道的幅度与相位信息来计算发射加权系数。本发明还能减少比特数,或是使反馈信息更可靠地传输。
如果对反馈的大小没有限制,就可以使用特征模式作为替换方法来计算发射加权系数。发射加权系数向量被选为对应于信道相关矩阵R的最大特征值的主要特征向量,其中
自适应STTD的性能在BER=10-3下可提供0.8dB SNR增益,在FER=10-1下可提供1.0dB增益。应该注意的是,本发明也可用于多发射天线与单接收天线。
尽管本文中通过优选实施例的方式对本发明进行了说明,但是应该理解,在本发明的指导思想与范围内还可以作出各种其他调整与变动。因此,附带权利要求的目的就是要涵盖所有这些处在本发明真正的指导思想与范围之内的变动与改进。

Claims (6)

1.一种在包括Nr个发射天线的多输入/多输出无线通信系统中用来发射数据符号流的方法,包括:
将数据符号流解复为M个子流,其中M=Nr/2;
对各个子流进行空时发射分集编码以产生一对发射信号;以及
根据从接收机接收到的相应反馈信号,动态地为所述一对发射信号中的每一个信号分配功率,其中所述反馈信号中包含了发射信号所用信道的信道系数的幅值总和之比。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的一对发射信号的功率分别由两个正实数w1和w2加权,且 w 1 2 + w 2 2 = 1 .
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中
w 1 = 1 1 + ( Σ i = 1 Nr | h 2 Nr | 2 Σ i = 1 Nr | h 1 Nr | 2 ) 2
w 2 = 1 1 + ( Σ i = 1 Nr | h 1 Nr | 2 Σ i = 1 Nr | h 2 Nr | 2 ) 2
其中hij代表第i个发射机天线与第j个接收机天线之间信道的信道系数,其中j为Nr
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述的加权系数w1和w2是对应于信道相关矩阵R的最大特征值的主特征向量。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中
R = H ^ H ^ H , H ^ = h 11 h 12 · · · h 1 Nr h 21 h 22 · · · h 2 Nr
其中hij代表第i个发射机天线与第j个接收机天线之间信道的信道系数,其中j为Nr
6.一种使用在包括Nr个发射天线的多输入/多输出无线通信系统中发射机,包括:
一个解复器,被设置来输出一个数据符号流的M个子流,其中M=Nr/2;
一个空时发射分集编码器,被设置来将每个子流编码成一对发射信号;以及
一个功率放大器,被设置来根据从一个接收机接收到的相应反馈信号动态地为发射信号对中的每一个信号分配功率,其中所述反馈信号中包含了发射信号所用信道的信道系数的幅值总和之比。
CNB2003801000507A 2002-10-31 2003-10-30 用于空时分集发射天线对的动态功率控制 Expired - Fee Related CN100375419C (zh)

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CN100428864C (zh) * 2006-09-01 2008-10-22 清华大学 基于中断概率的空时分组码下行发送功率分配方法
CN102084601A (zh) * 2008-02-11 2011-06-01 爱立信电话股份有限公司 分布式天线分集传输方法
CN102099696A (zh) * 2009-05-29 2011-06-15 松下电器产业株式会社 天线评价装置和天线评价方法

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