CN1723306A - 用于消防员服装的外壳的纺织织物 - Google Patents

用于消防员服装的外壳的纺织织物 Download PDF

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CN1723306A
CN1723306A CNA2004800019587A CN200480001958A CN1723306A CN 1723306 A CN1723306 A CN 1723306A CN A2004800019587 A CNA2004800019587 A CN A2004800019587A CN 200480001958 A CN200480001958 A CN 200480001958A CN 1723306 A CN1723306 A CN 1723306A
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staple fibre
yarn
textile
fabric
aramid
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CN100590245C (zh
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戴安娜·B·赫斯
查尔斯·A·托马斯
克利夫顿·A·佩里
理查德·O·塔克
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Pbi Work Products Co
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/443Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/08Heat resistant; Fire retardant
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D02G3/047Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials including aramid fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D03D1/0035Protective fabrics
    • D03D1/0041Cut or abrasion resistant
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
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    • Y10S428/92Fire or heat protection feature
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    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3065Including strand which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/313Strand material formed of individual filaments having different chemical compositions
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
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    • Y10T442/3179Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • Y10T442/3293Warp and weft are identical and contain at least two chemically different strand materials
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    • Y10T442/3984Strand is other than glass and is heat or fire resistant

Abstract

本发明涉及一种纺织织物,其特别适合用作消防员服装的外壳织物。该织物为由短纤纱和复丝纱形成的针织物或者机织物。短纤纱包括第一短纤维其选自下述聚合物组:芳族聚酰胺、聚苯并咪唑(PBI)、PBO、蜜胺甲醛、或者它们的组合;第二短纤维为芳族聚酰胺;所述复丝纱包括芳族聚酰胺长丝。

Description

用于消防员服装的外壳的纺织织物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纺织织物,用作消防员服装的外壳织物。
背景技术
消防员服装的外壳织物必须耐火、耐热、耐磨、抗撕裂、以及防潮,还要耐用,质轻。这种外壳织物为消防员提供第一层保护。
美国专利US5095549;US5136723;US5701606;US5983409;US5996122;以及US6038700公开了具有由聚苯并咪唑/芳族聚酰胺纤维制成的外壳织物的消防员服装。
美国专利US5299602中公开了一种机织物外壳织物,用于消防员服装,其中的经纱为复丝芳族聚酰胺纱线,而纬纱为复丝芳族聚酰胺纤维或短纤芳族聚酰胺纱线。
美国专利US6828065中公开了一种针织物的消防员帽,该针织物由聚苯并咪唑和芳族聚酰胺纤维混合形成。
美国专利US6065153和US6192520公开了一种用于消防员服装的机织物外壳织物。这种织物具有平纹组织、斜纹组织、或者防破裂组织(rip stop weave)。纱线为聚苯并咪唑和芳族聚酰胺纤维的混合物。该织物具有的重量在5.5到8OSY范围内,优选为7.5OSY。
一种很受欢迎的外壳织物为由聚苯并咪唑(PBI)和芳族聚酰胺人造短纤维构成的短纤纱制成的机织物。这种织物在市场上的名称为“PBI GOLD”。在美国,这种织物通常被制成下述形式:1)由16/2英制支数短纤纱制成的7.5OSY防破裂组织,所述纱线由重量40%的聚苯并咪唑(PBI)和重量为60%的对芳族聚酰胺构成的短纤纱;2)标称7.0OSY(实际7.3到7.4OSY)防破裂组织,其由40%的聚苯并咪唑(PBI)和重量为60%的对芳族聚酰胺构成的21/2英制支数短纤纱制成.在国际上,这种织物为6.0到6.5OSY防破裂织物,并且使用由40%的聚苯并咪唑(PBI)和60%的对芳族聚酰胺构成24-25/2英制支数短纤纱,或者为由40%的聚苯并咪唑(PBI)和60%的对芳族聚酰胺构成的35/2英制支数短纤纱制成的斜纹组织。
另外一种用作外壳织物的织物是市场上以商标“Millenia”出售的织物,其由Southern Mills,Inc.of Union City,GA制造。这种织物由40%的PBO和60%的对芳族聚酰胺人造短纤构成的短纤纱制成。
尽管“PBI GOLD”’已经证明是出色的外壳织物,但是依然需要对这些织物进行改进。现有技术中需要更轻质并且具有更好抗撕裂和耐磨的外壳织物。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种纺织织物。该织物优选用作消防员服装的外壳织物。该织物为由短纤纱(spun yarns)和复丝纱(multi-filament yarns)制成的机织物或针织物。短纤纱包括第一短纤维,该第一短纤维选自下述聚合物组:芳族聚酰胺或聚苯并咪唑(PBI)或PBO或蜜胺甲醛;短纤纱还包括第二短纤维,该第二短纤维为芳族聚酰胺聚合物。复丝纱包括芳族聚酰胺长丝。
附图说明
为了说明本发明,下面的附图中示出了本发明的一种形式。然而,应该明白,本发明并不局限于图中所示出的结构和手段。
图1示出了根据本发明制出的纺织织物的平面视图;
图2示出了根据本发明制出的纺织织物的放大平面图。
具体实施方式
参照附图,在图1中类似的元件用相同的标号标识,图1中示出了根据本发明制得的纺织织物10。优选地,织物10具有金色并具有“彩格(checkered)”图案,这种“彩格”图案可以由黑色复丝纱线14形成。织物10可以是机织物或者针织物。织物10优选用短纤纱12和复丝纱14机织形成。所采用的组织可以选自下述组:平纹组织、斜纹组织、防破裂组织,以及牛津组织。织物重量可以在6到8OSY,优选,7OSY。短纤纱与复丝纱的重量比应当在85∶15到92∶8范围,优选,90∶10。复丝纱可以沿着短纤纱嵌入,不论是经纱还是纬纱都可以,嵌入比为1∶5到1∶20,优选,1∶9。优选地,该织物经过防水/防潮处理,这是众所周知的。
短纤纱12为由第一短纤维和第二短纤维的混纺。第一短纤维选自下述聚合物组:芳族聚酰胺或聚苯并咪唑(PBI)或PBO或蜜胺甲醛或者它们的组合。第二短纤维为一种芳族聚酰胺或者多种芳族聚酰胺的混纺。举例来说,但不限于此,短纤纱包括芳族聚酰胺短纤维、PBI和芳族聚酰胺短纤维的混纺、PBO和芳族聚酰胺短纤维的混纺、蜜胺甲醛和芳族聚酰胺短纤维的混纺、以及PBI、PBO、蜜胺甲醛和芳族聚酰胺短纤维的混纺。短纤纱可以具有任何第一和第二短纤维的重量比。第一和第二短纤维的重量比优选是第一短纤维占20-60%,第二短纤维占40-80%。短纤纱最优选包括重量占30-45%的第一短纤维,重量占55-70%的芳族聚酰胺短纤维。短纤纱的细度范围可以是英制支数32/2到16/2,优选,24/2。
PBI短纤维商业上可以从Celanese Acetate LLC of Charlotte,NC购得。PBO短纤维商业上从Toyobo Co.,LTD of Osaka,Japan购买商标为ZYLON的商品。而蜜胺甲醛纤维商业上可以从BASFCorporation of Mount Olive,New Jersey购买商标为BASOFIL的商品。
芳族聚酰胺短纤维可以是间芳族聚酰胺或者对芳族聚酰胺。这些芳族聚酰胺纤维商业上可以从Teijin Co.of Osaka,Japan购买商标为TWARON,CONEX,以及TECHNORA的商品;或者从DuPont ofWilmington,DE购买商标为NOMEX或KELVAR的商品;或者从Lenzing AG of Lenzing,Austria购买P84;或者从Rhodia Inc.ofCranbury,NJ购买商标为KERMEL的商品。当芳族聚酰胺短纤维构成上述的第二短纤维,其可以是对芳族聚酰胺或者间芳族聚酰胺。当芳族聚酰胺短纤维构成上述第二短纤维时,其优选为对芳族聚酰胺。
复丝纱线由芳族聚酰胺长丝制得。芳族聚酰胺可以是间芳族聚酰胺或者对芳族聚酰胺,对芳族聚酰胺是优选的。这种芳族聚酰胺纤维商业上可以从Teijin Co.of Osaka,Japan购买商标为TWARON,CONEX,以及TECHNORA的商品;或者从DuPont ofWilmington,DE购买商标为NOMEX或KELVAR的商品;或者从Lenzing AG of Lenzing,Austria购买P84;或者从Rhodia Inc.ofCranbury,NJ购买商标为KERMEL的商品。复丝纱线的粗细在200到1500旦尼尔,优选,400旦尼尔。复丝纱线可以为扁平纱线,加捻纱线,或者牵切纱线(stretch broken yarn)。
与PBI GOLD相比,本发明具有优质的抗撕裂和耐磨特性,具有较低的重量,如表1中示出。
织物A为6.0OSY织物;短纤纱为27/2英制支数,其具有45%重量的PBI和55%的Technora短纤维;复丝是扁平纱线,其在经纱和纬纱中每10根插入一根。
织物B为6.9OSY织物;短纤纱为24/2英制支数,其具有45%重量的PBI和55%的Twaron微细短纤维;复丝是加捻的纱线,其在经纱和纬纱中每9根插入一根。
表1
  特性   测试方法   PBI Gold   本发明A   本发明B
  重量(OSY)   7.5   6.0   6.8-7.0
  梯形撕破(lbs)   ASTM D5733(梯形法)   40×35   75×75   63×63
  泰伯磨损   ASTM D3884(500g重量,使用H18摩擦轮)   225   180   293
  热保护性能,TPP(复合)   NFPA 1971(2000版6.10)   40   40   40
  UV后的梯形撕破   AATCC 16E(在1.1拉德下氙弧暴露的标准方法)
  60小时   28.4×18.7   44.6×38.5
  180小时   17.8×123   25.7×18.9
  300小时   15.2×10.6   21.2×16.1
  阳光后的梯形撕破   ASTM D5733(梯形法)
  1周   30.8×20.8   64.9×62.7
  2周   243×17.0   45.5×40.1
  3周   20.0×14.6   39.0×34.2
  4周   18.8×13.1   34.0×33.9
  5周   16.6×13.5   29.7×30.1
  6周   14.8×10.5   26.6×23.6
本发明可以在不脱离其精神和中心品质的情况下以其它形式实施,因此,保护范围应当由所附的权利要求书界定而不应当仅仅限于说明书。

Claims (19)

1、一种纺织织物,包括:短纤纱和复丝纱形成的机织材料,所述短纤纱包括第一短纤维,该第一短纤维选自下述聚合物组:芳族聚酰胺或聚苯并咪唑(PBI)或PBO或蜜胺甲醛;短纤纱还包括第二短纤维,该第二短纤维为芳族聚酰胺聚合物;所述复丝纱包括芳族聚酰胺长丝;短纤纱和复丝纱的重量比在85∶15到92∶8的范围内。
2、如权利要求1所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,短纤纱和复丝纱的重量比为90∶10。
3、如权利要求1所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,其中所述复丝纱被插入在所述机织材料中的经纱和纬纱中,复丝纱与短纤纱之比为1∶5到1∶20。
4、如权利要求1所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,所述机织材料重量的范围是6OSY到8OSY。
5、如权利要求1所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,所述机织材料的组织选自平纹组织、斜纹组织、防撕破组织、或者牛津组织。
6、如权利要求1所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,所述短纤纱的细度从32/2到16/2英制支数。
7、如权利要求1所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,所述复丝纱的细度从200旦尼尔到1500旦尼尔。
8、如权利要求1所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,第一短纤维与第二短纤维的重量比为20-60%∶40-80%。
9、一种纺织织物,包括:短纤纱和复丝纱形成的机织材料,所述短纤纱为混纺短纤纱,第一短纤维选自下述聚合物组:芳族聚酰胺、聚苯并咪唑(PBI)、PBO、蜜胺甲醛、或者它们的组合;第二短纤维为芳族聚酰胺;所述复丝纱包括芳族聚酰胺长丝,所述复丝纱被插入在所述机织材料的经纱和纬纱中,复丝纱与短纤纱的比率为1∶5到1∶20。
10、如权利要求9所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,所述短纤纱为芳族聚酰胺短纤维的混纺纱。
11、如权利要求9所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,所述短纤纱为PBI和芳族聚酰胺短纤维的混纺纱。
12、如权利要求9所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,所述短纤纱为PBO与芳族聚酰胺短纤维的混纺纱。
13、如权利要求9所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,所述短纤纱为PBI,PBO,以及芳族聚酰胺短纤维的混纺纱。
14、如权利要求9所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,所述短纤纱的细度为32/2到16/2英制支数。
15、如权利要求9所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,所述复丝纱的细度从200旦尼尔到1500旦尼尔。
16、如权利要求9所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,所述机织织物重量的范围是6OSY到8OSY。
17、如权利要求16所述的纺织织物,其特征在于,所述机织织物的组织选自平纹组织、斜纹组织、防撕破组织、或者牛津组织。
18、一种纺织织物,包括:短纤纱和复丝纱形成的机织材料,所述短纤纱为混纺短纤纱,第一短纤维由选自下述芳族聚酰胺聚合物的材料制成:对芳族聚酰胺、间芳族聚酰胺或者其组合;第二短纤维选自下述芳族聚酰胺聚合物的材料制成:对芳族聚酰胺、间芳族聚酰胺或者其组合;所述复丝纱包括芳族聚酰胺长丝,所述复丝纱被插入在所述机织材料的经纱和纬纱中,复丝纱与短纤纱的比率为1∶5到1∶20。
19、一种纺织织物,包括:短纤纱和复丝纱形成的机织材料,所述短纤纱包括第一短纤维,第一短纤维为选自下述聚合物组的芳族聚酰胺聚合物:对芳族聚酰胺、间芳族聚酰胺或者其组合;第二短纤维为芳族聚酰胺聚合物;所述复丝纱包括芳族聚酰胺长丝,短纤纱和复丝纱的重量比在85∶15到92∶8的范围内。
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