CN1725984A - 一种固定装置 - Google Patents

一种固定装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1725984A
CN1725984A CNA2003801062908A CN200380106290A CN1725984A CN 1725984 A CN1725984 A CN 1725984A CN A2003801062908 A CNA2003801062908 A CN A2003801062908A CN 200380106290 A CN200380106290 A CN 200380106290A CN 1725984 A CN1725984 A CN 1725984A
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fixture
wall
airfoil
shaped portion
fastening
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CN100469335C (zh
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佩-英瓦尔·布兰尼马克
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Pyos Biotechnology AB
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Medevelop AB
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    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
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    • A61C8/0018—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于紧固骨组织的固定装置，该固定装置具有一固定紧固部分(1)和一可供连接一假体之用的作用部分(2)。所述作用部分(2)包括一外端和一与所述紧固部分(1)连接的端部。根据本发明，所述作用部分(2)包括一翼形部分(7)，其外沿自所述翼形部分(7)与所述紧固部分(1)相连接的端部向所述作用部分(2)的外端方向扩展。该翼形部分(7)是横向于该固定装置的轴向弹性回弹的。本发明还涉及此固定装置的用途以确保假体使用的安全。

Description

一种固定装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种紧固于骨组织的所谓的固定装置。该固定装置是一种包括一用来紧固固定装置的紧固部分和一作用部分的装置，所述作用部分可供连接一假体之用且有一外端和一与所述紧固部分连接的端部。
背景技术
这种固定装置被用于假体外科手术中，其中假体、假体零件或一假体架借助于一个或多个这种固定装置被固定在患者的骨组织中。固定装置可适用于不同类型的假体，根据假体的不同类型，固定装置的型号也不同。不过，根据本发明的固定装置主要供紧固管状骨头之用，可用于如指关节、髋关节的关节再造。当然本发明不限于这些应用，它还可用于保障安装于患者的骨组织当中的假肢或其它类型的假体的安全。
该固定装置包括一紧固部分和一作用部分。紧固部分被安全置于患者的骨组织中，例如通过将该紧固部件旋入骨组织中预先钻好的孔内。作用部分则被设计成能以一种合适的方式连接到假体。
当固定孔设于骨头纵向的骨髓中时，由于骨头的内轮廓线，该孔的开口应朝外扩张。将该固定装置装入指定位置的孔中后，当紧固部分全部旋入骨质中，作用部分将全部或部分地置于所述扩张的区域。
这就导致该固定装置和骨质间形成一空腔或空隙，这样既不适于紧固的稳定性也不适于愈合处理，因此有必要避免该空腔的产生。
针对此背景，本发明的目的在于提供一种可克服上述缺陷的固定装置，即一种可避免在作用部分产生固定装置和骨组织间的空腔或空隙的固定装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的是根据本发明的作用部分的特点来实现的，该作用部分包括一外沿自与紧固部分相连的端部向作用部分的外端方向扩展的翼形部分，其中所述翼形部分是在横向于该固定装置的轴向方向弹性回弹的。
因为该作用部分包括一在上述方式中扩展的部件，所述固定装置将基本填满该空腔，否则就会产生空腔。再者，由于弹性回弹，所述翼形部分将与紧固固定装置时相应于在孔外端发生的扩展的形状相适应，这样就消除了由于空腔的存在而产生的愈合问题所带来的危险。而且，由于孔的开口变大，所述部分将被挤压、变形，于是拉紧翼形部分并由此锁住。这是由于产生的压力要迫使所述部分恢复到它原先的形状，回弹部分因此将其装夹入周围的组织中，导致其紧固性更加稳定。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例，该翼形部分由一围绕一空腔的外壁形成，该空腔是朝该作用部分的外端开放的，且具有自该作用部分的外端延伸的通透槽，以连接该空腔和外壁外部。由于该槽的存在，所述外壁形成多个舌形薄片，其自由端能够在作用部分的外端向内弹。于是弹性回弹就以一建设性的简单方式轻松实现，弹性部分可适应插入孔的扩口形状。
根据本发明的又一个最佳实施例，紧固部分包括一螺纹部分，能够通过将所述紧固部分旋入预钻的孔从而起到紧固该固定装置的作用，所述扩展部分有一沿螺纹部件限定的中心轴旋转对称的外轮廓线。
将紧固部分旋入骨组织是最常用的安全设置固定装置的方法。因此，本发明的固定装置有突出的优势，因为它可被旋入骨组织内。而且当通过将固定装置旋入骨组织中来紧固该固定装置时，所述作用部分的创造性设计具有特别的目的性。旋转对称的翼形部分也使将固定装置旋入骨组织中变得更容易。
根据本发明进一步的一个最佳实施例，所述翼形部分有一截去尖端的锥形形状。由于发生在插入孔开口处的扩展通常为锥形形状，所述翼形部分的截去尖端的锥形形状具有适应该孔扩展部分的优点。当通过将固定装置旋入骨组织中来紧固该固定装置时，锥形形状也是最合适的。
根据本发明的另一最佳实施例，所述锥形角为5°～12°，最佳为7°～9°，该锥形角最好稍大于插入孔开口处的扩展部分的相应锥形角。但是不应过大，因为可能会产生极强的变形阻力，使紧固该固定装置变得困难并导致在假体紧固过程中产生有害的巨大压力。所选的锥形角范围能够在各种可能的不同应用状态下最佳平衡上述这些问题。譬如，用于指关节的固定装置所具有的锥形角最好为8°左右，这是鉴于上述方面的问题最有针对性的角度。
根据本发明的另一最佳实施例，每个槽限定一个与所述截去尖端的锥形纵向的夹角，这意味着从截面看该槽壁穿过外壁倾斜延伸，也意味着在外周方向看每个槽都沿轴方向倾斜延伸。槽的倾斜表示当弹性部分受压时所产生的变形将被统一，以便当旋入固定装置时基本保持一锥形形状。
根据本发明的另一最佳实施例，所述槽在相对于该固定装置被旋入的由所述紧固部分的螺纹部件限定的方向自内向外往后方倾斜。
因为所述槽往后面斜倾，所以在拧紧固定装置时该槽的从动壁与锥形的外侧所形成的边缘是钝边，而相对应的该槽主壁上的边则是锐边。
因为在拧紧固定装置时产生的边缘是钝的，这样所述边缘在拧紧固定装置时紧钩入周围组织材料的风险就会比较小。这表示当拧紧固定装置时所产生的压力变形不会被所述边缘钩入周围组织材料所干扰。主导边被钩入周围组织材料而产生一拧紧固定装置阻力的危险也同样降低。在拧紧固定装置时，所述锥形可被看做是被周围的组织材料“平稳地敲击”。另一方面，由于拧松固定装置时所述槽会起阻碍作用，所述锥形的倾斜在拧松固定装置时有反作用，这就减小了固定装置被无意拧松的危险，因此提高紧固的安全性。
根据本发明的另一最佳实施例，所述槽在轴向和径向外端有一20°～40°的夹角，最佳的范围为27°～33°，而在多种应用中，30°的夹角是最适合的角度。上述范围内的夹角将使预想中的变形尽量统一、和谐，且最适合于周围组织材料轮廓线。
根据本发明的另一最佳实施例，所述外壁厚度为0.3～1.0mm，最佳为0.5～0.7mm。
优选外壁的厚度，以便一方面对周围的组织产生一稳固的支持，另一方面产生在槽与槽之间的部件的径向回弹压力。鉴于以上因素，可相信前述外壁厚度可提供最佳的平衡。
根据本发明的又一最佳实施例，所述固定装置由钛制成。尽管所述固定装置可由其它合适的材料，如聚合材料、合成材料或除钛以外的其它金属制成，但钛是最佳的材料。已发现在所谓的骨整合术中将钛接合到骨质中不会发生把异物植入身体组织内时所常见的那些不良反应。钛能够在分子层与骨组织相结合并融合在一起，这样钛就与骨组织接合了。于是一钛固定装置就可以很安全地被紧固了。
本发明的固定装置的前述最佳实施例在所附的从属权利要求中都有阐述。
本发明还涉及将一假体安全置于骨组织中的用途。
该创造性的应用具有相对于本发明的固定装置及其最佳实施例的上述优点的各项优点。
现参照本发明的固定装置的一个实施例和附图对本发明进行详细的说明。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明构成的一固定装置的纵截面视图；
图2是图1所示固定装置的自其作用端所视的端视图；
图3示意性地说明了根据该固定装置的工作原理。
(附图按5∶1的比例绘制)
具体实施方式
图1是本发明的固定装置的纵截面视图。所绘的固定装置是供指关节使用并且其尺寸也是为此目的定制的。该固定装置包括一紧固部分1和一作用部分2。紧固部分的长度约为20mm而作用部分的长度约为10mm。
紧固部分包括一可将固定装置旋入骨组织预钻的孔中的适合的外螺纹3。在所绘制的图中，该螺纹为一M6螺纹。预钻的孔的直径最好比该螺纹内径略小一些，即大约4.5mm的直径。该螺纹3沿所述紧固部分2的全长延伸。
由于本发明特别着眼于作用部分2的设计上，所以无需对紧固部分的设计做详细的描述。
所述作用部分包括一中心本体4，沿其延伸的主体圆柱形循环，其包括一直径为2.5mm的中心孔5。本体4外端为一六边形(见图2)，以供能使用相应的工具旋入该固定装置中。
外壁7设在中心本体4周围。该外部体形状为一截去尖端的锥形，其窄端与固定装置的紧固部分1连接，阔端与作用部分的外端相连，所述截去尖端的锥形与中心本体4的长度大致相同。
中心本体4与圆锥形外壁7之间形成一从与紧固部分相邻端向作用部分外端扩展的环状空隙。
所述外壁的厚度为0.6mm。所述截去尖端的锥形的最小直径为5mm，最大直径为9mm，长度约为10mm，这与8°的锥形角相对应。
如图2所示，圆锥外壁7中有6个槽8，每个槽相对于圆锥的径向倾斜。在槽的径向和轴向的最外端，径向与槽的方向之间的夹角α为30°。每个槽在圆锥的两端之间延伸，因而朝圆锥的锥面轴向方向倾斜。每个槽的宽度为0.5mm，即两相邻槽壁间的距离为0.5mm。图2中的箭头A表示该固定装置旋入的方向。从该固定装置旋入的方向看，从动槽壁9与圆锥的外侧之间形成一钝边，其中所述边在圆锥大端的角度为120°左右。主导槽壁10在相应位置形成一锐边，角度为60°。
图3从侧视角度示意性地描述了旋入一指关节附近骨质中的本发明的固定装置，现参照图3对本发明的工作方式做更详细的说明。
在此例中，该固定装置沿骨头纵向方向被旋入骨髓腔中，该骨髓腔中有一早就钻好的内径尺寸与螺丝内径相应的孔。该固定装置是自攻螺丝式，这样紧固部分1上的螺纹将切入周围的骨组织中并在其中形成一螺丝。
如图3所示，所述骨髓腔沿朝骨端方向扩展，于是在其开口处通常将会有一圆锥形扩展。所述固定装置作用部分上的外壁7有一锥形角，与该骨髓腔的扩展基本相符。在图3中，所述固定装置并没有完全旋到位。从图中所示的位置将固定装置继续旋入骨中将使外壁7接近限制骨髓腔扩展的壁并最终在此形成挡体。当进一步将该固定装置向骨内旋时，所述作用部分的锥形外壁7会受到如箭头B所示的骨髓腔限制壁的向内的压力。如前所述，槽8使外壁7是弹性的，故这是可能的。此压力可使圆锥大端的直径从9mm减小至小于8mm。
当所述固定装置完全旋到位时，其外壁7于是也将以某一压力在所述的骨髓腔腔口处紧紧抵住该腔的圆锥形扩张。这就避免了如果固定装置的作用部分是典型的圆锥状时在该位置可能形成的空腔中的炎症或其他同样的问题。前述的外壁7与锥形扩口的骨髓腔的挡体产生一有效的固定支撑作用，从而提供一稳固、安全的固定装置并增长其使用寿命。

Claims (12)

1、一种用于紧固骨组织的固定装置，包括一固定紧固部分(1)和一能供连接假体之用的作用部分(2)，其中所述作用部分(2)具有一外端和一与所述紧固部分(1)连接的端部，其特征在于，所述作用部分(2)包括一翼形部分(7)，其外沿自所述翼形部分(7)与所述紧固部分(1)相连接的端部向所述作用部分(2)的外端方向扩展，其中所述翼形部分(7)是横向于该固定装置的轴向弹性回弹的。
2、根据权利要求1所述的固定装置，其特征在于，所述翼形部分(7)由一外壁(7)形成，该外壁环绕一向所述作用部分(2)的外端开口的空腔，其中所述外壁(7)具有多个自所述作用部分的外端延伸并将所述外壁(7)外侧与所述空腔相连接的通透槽(8)。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的固定装置，其特征在于，所述紧固部分(1)包括一螺纹部分(3)，将所述固定装置旋入骨质物使起到紧固该固定装置的作用；以及所述翼形部分(7)有一围绕由所述螺纹部分(3)所限定的中心轴的旋转对称的外轮廓线。
4、根据权利要求3所述的固定装置，其特征在于，所述翼形部分(7)具有一截去尖端的锥形。
5、根据权利要求4所述的固定装置，其特征在于，所述截去尖端的锥形的锥形角为5°～12°，最佳为7°～9°。
6、根据权利要求4或5所述的固定装置，其特征在于，各个通透槽(8)与所述截去尖端的锥形的径向方向限定一角(α)。
7、根据权利要求6所述的固定装置，其特征在于，所述通透槽(8)在相对于该固定装置被旋入时的旋转方向自内向外往后方倾斜，该方向是由所述的螺纹部分限定的。
8、根据权利要求6所述的固定装置，其特征在于，所述通透槽(8)在相对于该固定装置被转动时的方向自内向外往前方倾斜，该方向是由所述的螺纹部分限定的。
9、根据权利要求6～8中任一项所述的固定装置，其特征在于，在各通透槽轴向和径向外端的所述槽角为20°～40°，最佳为27°-33°。
10、根据权利要求1～9中任一项所述的固定装置，其特征在于，所述外壁(7)厚度为0.3～1.0mm，最佳为0.5～0.7mm。
11、根据权利要求1～10中任意一个所述的固定装置，其特征在于，所述固定装置由钛制成。
12、如权利要求1～11中任意一个所述的固定装置的用途，用于将一假体紧固于骨组织上。
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