CN1726501A - 具有用于确定到目标距离的系统的图像扫描装置 - Google Patents

具有用于确定到目标距离的系统的图像扫描装置 Download PDF

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CN1726501A
CN1726501A CNA2003801062382A CN200380106238A CN1726501A CN 1726501 A CN1726501 A CN 1726501A CN A2003801062382 A CNA2003801062382 A CN A2003801062382A CN 200380106238 A CN200380106238 A CN 200380106238A CN 1726501 A CN1726501 A CN 1726501A
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target
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A·布瑞特曼
M·科瑞切弗
B·S·卡尔松
T·D·施
D·雅威德
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0004—Hybrid readers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
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    • G06K19/14—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards the marking being sensed by radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10366—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications
    • G06K7/10376—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications the interrogation device being adapted for being moveable
    • G06K7/10386—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications the interrogation device being adapted for being moveable the interrogation device being of the portable or hand-handheld type, e.g. incorporated in ubiquitous hand-held devices such as PDA or mobile phone, or in the form of a portable dedicated RFID reader
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • G06K7/10712—Fixed beam scanning
    • G06K7/10722—Photodetector array or CCD scanning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
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    • G06V30/10—Character recognition
    • G06V30/26—Techniques for post-processing, e.g. correcting the recognition result
    • G06V30/262—Techniques for post-processing, e.g. correcting the recognition result using context analysis, e.g. lexical, syntactic or semantic context
    • G06V30/274—Syntactic or semantic context, e.g. balancing
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06V30/10—Character recognition

Abstract

本发明提供一个图像扫描装置(12)，其包括用于确定到扫描的目标的距离(Zo)的系统(404、604)。图像扫描装置包括光学系统以及图像传感器阵列(403、603)，用于聚焦光束以及使目标成像。该装置优选的包括一个自动聚焦系统，用于校准光学系统的位置以便校准焦点，并且借此将目标的图像聚焦到图像传感器阵列上。在图像扫描装置的一个实施例中，通过分析由瞄准光束构成的瞄准目标图案来确定距离。在另一个实施例中，通过分析当光束击中目标时由斑纹效应所引起的斑纹图案来确定距离。

Description

具有用于确定到目标距离的系统的图像扫描装置
发明背景
1. 发明领域
本发明涉及光代码阅读设备中的成像。本发明尤其适用于固体元件、基于面图像传感器、手持代码阅读器，其位于相对于目标代码的不同方向和距离，并且其中代码的精确聚焦图像对于代码的可靠捕获和解码是合乎需要的。
2.相关技术的描述
迄今为止已经开发了各种各样的光阅读器和光学扫描系统，其用于读取在标签或物品表面上出现的例如条形码符号的标记。条形码符号本身是一种标记的代码模式，包括一系列不同宽度的条形图，该条形图由不同宽度的跳跃(bound)空白互相以一定距离间隔开，该条形图和空白具有不同的光反射特征。阅读器和扫描系统将图形标记电光学上地转换为电信号，其译码为字母数字混合编制的字符，该字符意欲描述该物品或其某些特性。这种字符一般表示为数字形式并且作为数据处理系统的一个输入使用，以便用于销售点处理、库存管理等应用。
这种扫描系统的一个实施例存在于一种由用户支撑的手提式的、便携式激光器扫描头中，其配置为允许用户用光束瞄准该头部，并且尤其是要读取的目标和符号。
激光扫描器条形码阅读器中的光源一般是气体激光器或半导体激光器。由于半导体器件的尺寸小、成本低以及电压低的必要条件，通过利用半导体器件作为扫描系统中的光源尤为合乎需要。激光束在光学上一般可由聚焦光学组件调整，以便在目标距离形成某一尺寸的光束点。在目标距离光束点的横截面最好与不同光反射率区域间的最小宽度大致相同，即符号的条形图以及空白。
条形码符号由条形图组成，或者在形状上一般由长方形的元素组成，其具有各种可能的宽度。具体的元素的排列定义了该字符，所述字符按照由代码或使用的“符号体系”(symbology)定义的一组规则及定义来表示。条形图以及空白的相对尺寸由使用编码的类型确定，即条形图以及空白的实际尺寸。由条形码符号表示的每一给定区域的字符数目称为符号的密度。为编码一个字符的理想的序列，把元素配置的集合连在一起以形成完整的条形码符号，每个信息的字符由它自己的相应的元素组表示。在一些符号体系中，唯一的“开始”以及“停止”字符用来指示条形码的开始以及结束的地方。存在大量不同的条形码符号体系。这些符号体系包括UPC/EAN、Code 39、Code 128、Codabar以及Interleaved2 of5。
为了我们的讨论，由符号体系识别和定义的字符将被称为合法的字符，而不被符号体系识别和定义的字符称为不合法的字符。因此，不被给出的符号体系译码的元素的排列相当于一个对于那些符号体系中不合法的字符。
在本领域公知的激光束扫描系统中，激光器光束由一个透镜或类似的光学组件沿着一个光路导引指向一个表面上包括条形码或其它符号的目标。移动的光束扫描器依靠配置在光束路径中的扫描组件的运动通过反复地扫描穿过符号的一行或者一系列行的光束，所述扫描组件例如光源本身或镜子。扫描组件要么扫描穿过符号的光束点并且跟踪扫描线或穿过符号的图案，要么扫瞄所述扫描器的视场，或者两个都完成。
条形码阅读系统还包括一个传感器或光电探测器，其功能是检测从符号反射或散射的光。光电探测器或传感器以一种光学路径位于扫描器中，以便它具有保证捕获一部分光线的视场，所述光线从所述符号反射或散射并且被检测以及转化为一个电信号。电子电路或软件将电信号译码为数据的数字表示，该数据由已经扫描的符号表示。例如，由光电探测器检测的模拟电信号可以转化为一个脉冲宽度调制数字信号，具有对应于条形图和空白物理宽度的宽度。然后根据由符号使用的具体的符号体系来把这种数字化信号译码为在符号中编码的数据的二进制表示，并且随后转化为以此表示的字母数字字符。
移动光束激光扫描器不是唯一类型的能够读取条形码符号的光学仪器。尤其与本发明有关的另一类型条形码阅读器是一个包括基于电荷耦合器件(CCD)技术的检波器的条形码阅读器。在这种现有技术的阅读器中，因为CCD前方物镜透镜图像的减小，检波器的尺寸一般小于读取的符号。整个符号被来自光源的光线充满，所述光源例如阅读器中的发光二极管(LED)，并且顺序读出每个CCD单元以确定条形图或者空白的存在。
包含一种方法的一个自动聚焦系统被认为是一种用于延长本系统多面性和工作范围的方法，所述方法用于确定目标标记和CCD中可动的或变焦的光学装置或其它基于扫描器图像的距离。
本发明的总体目标是提供一个改善的不受现有技术阅读器限制的光学代码阅读器。
本发明的另一目标是提供一种装置，用于按照到目标标记确定的距离控制一个光学代码阅读器中的自动聚焦光学组件。
本发明的另一目标是提供一种系统，用于创建和分析光图案以确定到目标标记的距离，并且随后向光学组件提供焦点调节控制信号。
发明概述
本发明涉及用于改善光学代码阅读器的代码采集的方法和装置，尤其是图像代码阅读器。公开了这样一种技术，其适用于确定到目标标记的距离以控制图像代码阅读器的自动聚焦光学组件。本发明利用瞄准目标图案以及斑纹图案以确定距离。
在光学代码阅读器的第一实施例中，其中瞄准目标图案用于确定距离，激光束瞄准目标标记。入射到标记的光束随后被反射回该光学代码阅读器并且由检波器的部分检测，即光电探测器阵列、CCD或其它成像元件。所反射的光束根据到目标标记的距离照射检波器的不同的部分。通过使用代码阅读器内组件的已知位置，以及基本方程，可以确定到目标标记的距离。距离确定可以要么通过使用用于根据来自检波器的数据计算距离的处理器来实时的执行，要么通过使用一个数据结构，例如一个查找表格，其相互参照检波器数据和它们对应的距离值。
在光学代码阅读器的另一个实施例中，其中斑纹图案用来确定距离，激光束照射目标标记在图像传感器上产生一个斑纹图案，如本领域公知的斑纹效应。随着移动图像传感器使其接近于目标标记，那些组成斑纹图案的斑纹噪声或斑纹逐渐变小，在图像传感器上产生一个较高的空间分布频率，而相反地随着移动图像传感器远离目标标记，斑纹尺寸增加并且合并一起产生一个低的空间分布频率。到目标标记的距离和斑纹空间分布频率间的关系可以使用一个数据结构来相互关联，例如一个查找表格，其中把大量空间分布值与它们对应的距离值互相参照。替代地处理器通过使用一个算法或应用软件来根据斑纹空间分布数据计算到目标标记的距离。
附图的简短描述
这里参考以下的附图，将描述本发明不同的实施例，其中：
附图1是一种手持光学代码阅读器和一种主机终端图解视图的示意图；
附图2是示出内部组件的根据本发明附图1的手持光学代码阅读器的方框图，所述内部组件包括一个自动聚焦光学组件和距离确定(测距)组件；
附图3是成像引擎更详细的表示；
附图4a和4b是根据本发明用于确定到标记距离的瞄准目标图案方法的一个实施例的方块图表示；以及
附图5是确定目标距离的一个实施例的方块图表示，其使用一种由斑纹效应所引起的斑纹图案。
优选实施例的详细说明
在本发明中，提供一种具有成像引擎的光学代码阅读器。光学代码阅读器包括一个图像传感器。这种图像传感器可以是二维的或区域电荷耦合器件(CCD)以及相关联的电路，用于为视场产生对应于二维像素信息阵列的电子信号。本发明的光学代码阅读器还能够通过利用反射相干光的属性来确定到目标标记的距离，以及根据所确定的距离来校准照射在图像传感器上图像的聚焦质量。
附图1是手持光学代码阅读器12的图示以及主机终端26的示意图，其可以用于本发明不同的成像功能。手持代码阅读器12包括用于罩住成像引擎10的外壳14，所述外壳14具有一般细长的把手或手柄16以及上部部分18。成像引擎10的正面15出现在手持光学代码阅读器12上部18的前端。把手部分16的横截面尺寸以及总尺寸足以让光学代码阅读器12可以方便地为用户的手所紧握。
光学代码阅读器12感知在光学代码阅读器12的视场内从一个物体(所述物体可以是多个物体)反射的入射光以获得图像数据。所述物体可以是例如条形码的光代码或无代码物体。成像操作意指，例如依照移动关系把人工触发器20安装在光学代码阅读器12前向区域中的把手部分16上。用户的食指通常通过按下触发器20来启动光学代码阅读器12以便启动物体的感测以及成像。
提供一个灵活的电缆22将光学代码阅读器12连接到主机终端26。在可替换实施例中，电缆22还可以向阅读器12提供电力。在更进一步的可替换实施例中，电缆22可以部分或完全地由无线电通信装置替代，例如射频、光学或蜂窝式通信装置。在优选实施例中，光学代码阅读器12包括一个用于处理像素信号的装置，并且处理过的信息可以经过电缆22从光学代码阅读器12传输到主机终端26。
在光学代码阅读器12和/或主机终端26中可以提供一个译码模块用于译码对应于光代码的图像数据。可以提供图像数据压缩模块27以便压缩图像数据。
主机终端26包括至少一个数据处理机，其中至少一个数据处理机可以连接到一或多个外设或计算装置，例如视频监视器和/或网络。压缩图像数据可以通过电缆22传输到主机终端26。视频数据的传输可以通过按压触发器20来触发，或通过启动光学代码阅读器12上的另一个开关来触发。然后把图像数据施加到主机终端26。当把个人计算机用作主机终端26时，可以把压缩图像数据施加于一个主机终端26的串行通信端口，例如个人计算机的串行通信端口。图像数据可以由个人计算机内的数据处理机(未示出)处理并且有选择地显示在监视器上(未示出)。可以获得一个彩色视频图像。
附图2是光学代码阅读器12内部组件的剖面图。内部组件包括一个自动聚焦光学组件、距离确定组件、成像装置以及并入在手持光学代码阅读器12中的各种其它支持系统。经由多个标准的无线技术中的一个，阅读器12能够连接到一个数据存储系统，即基于计算机的库存管理数据库或现金出纳机，所述无线电技术允许在选择的特定无线协议工作范围内更大的、无限制的移动性。
在无线实施例中，有必要在手持12中包含一个电源，优选的为可再充电电池，并且可以提供一个再充电托架用于再充电手持装置。托架可以连接到数据存储系统用于下载来自光学代码阅读器12的数据并且用于向光学代码阅读器12上传数据。
参考附图2，光学代码阅读器12是一个具有人机工程学的、手枪紧握类型把手50的手持、枪状装置。使用一个可移动触发器52来允许操作者激活图像获取组件54以及距离确定装置组件56。外罩14包括光源、自动聚焦装置、图像传感器以及信号处理电路58，其包括一个实施译码算法以及查找表格数据检索功能的CPU。还包括存储器组件59用于存储使光图案参数与距离值相关的查找表数据。
以电池的形式提供电源60。代码阅读器12前端的光线透射窗口62允许输出光束脱离外罩14并且允许输入反射光进入，而同时防止灵敏的光学装置进入灰尘以及刮涂。无线接收机和发射机64以及天线66允许操作者非常大的运动自由度。
在必须通过位于手柄50底部的连接器68在基座上再充电之前，可再充电的电源60提供大功率以允许代码阅读器12操作一个适当的时段。一般地这类代码阅读器12被设计来在光代码或标记的几英寸的范围内操作。
可以理解的是本发明的若干方面同样适用于并不位于传统的手持扫描器或枪中的成像引擎。例如，成像引擎可以并入在固定位置或在转台中的计算机终端中。这种配置尤其适合于把成像引擎和距离确定组件作为电视电话系统的部分使用，所述系统同样使用计算机的显示、处理和I/O功能。
本发明的光学代码阅读器12可以更进一步的包括帧取样电路，用于提供视频信号以显示由终端监视器上的装置产生的图像。在这种情况下可以避免现有终端的硬件变更。
替代地成像引擎10可以附着于或与一个便携式、袖珍计算机装置结合，例如可从符号技术(Symbol Technologies)公司获得的PDA和袖珍计算机装置，例如PDT 6800系列和PDT 8100系列便携式数据终端，或附着于或与便携式扫描系统或终端结合，例如来自符号技术公司的那些可用的扫描系统或终端。这种系统可以组成为局域网、细胞网络或广域网的一部分以便协同扫描及其他如下所述的图像处理功能。
在电力由电池提供的便携式应用中，保存能量尤其重要。功率管理技术可以包括将图像转换为低分辨率或帧率以便保存电力。替代地，可以使成像引擎或其它光学代码阅读器电路或其部分定期关闭或进入一个睡眠模式，或当系统感知充电器级别已经降低到预先选择的级别的程度时关闭。
参考附图3，成像引擎310包括一个具有至少一个透镜的透镜组件302，用于聚焦入射在照相传感器上的光，其中透镜组件302安装在透镜引导组件303上，并且具有一个透镜调节机制304，用于沿着透镜引导组件303移动透镜组件302的至少一个透镜以便改变透镜组件302的焦距。透镜调节机制304可操作来连接到透镜组件302以便沿着透镜引导组件303移动透镜组件302的一或多个光学透镜。透镜调节机制304可以位于成像引擎310的内部或成像引擎310的外部。
成像引擎310还包括用于捕获一个图像306的电路，包括用于照相感测、模拟数字转换、时间产生、自动增益控制(AGC)的电路以及控制上述组件的外围电路。用于捕获图像306的电路包括基于区域的图像传感器308，优选的为电荷耦合器件(CCD)。在其它实施例中，图像传感器308可以是CMOS器件、CMD(电荷调节器件)或CED(电荷注入器件)传感器。当透镜组件302的至少一个透镜沿着透镜引导组件303移动时，图像306被聚焦在图像传感器308上。
在光学代码阅读器的第一实施例中，使用由照明源产生的瞄准目标图案来确定到目标光代码或标记的距离。把瞄准目标图案从目标标记反射到图像传感器。然后使用入射在目标上的瞄准目标图案的反射角度可以确定到目标标记的距离。
附图4a和4b示出本方法实施例的表示。附图4a使用两个激光束源401而附图4b示出使用图案发生器409的模型。在本实施例中，由照明组件的激光二极管401产生的光束405a从代码阅读器的外罩406朝向目标标记402a发射。随后，入射光束405a由标记反射以形成反射光束405b。反射光束405b返回到外罩406，穿过一个物镜407并且穿透检波器403的部分，即阵列或CCD单元中的光电探测器。处理器404使检波器403的激活区域的尺寸和在查找表内存储的距离数据相互关联，所述查找表如下面示出的示例性查找表。用于导出数据的算法是：
Z 0 = Z s P S
其中：
Z0是激光器401到目标402的距离
ZS是透镜407到传感器403的距离
P是两个电子光束的间距(在附图4a中)或图案的尺寸(在附图4b中)
S是传感器403上图案的高度
然后可以把距离数据转换为一种形式，可用于由处理器404来控制相关的自动聚焦光学组件408以便在检波器403上聚焦图像，如上所述关于由附图3示出的透镜调节机制304。
    查找表格
尺寸(S) 距离(Z0)
 1 12
 2 6
 3 4
 4 3
 …… ……
第二实施例使用由斑纹效应产生的斑纹图案来确定距离。斑纹效应是所观察到的由激光照射粗糙表面而导致散射光内的干涉现象。正如其名字所暗示的，斑纹效应产生作为干涉结果的具有明亮的和黑暗区域的斑纹图案。随着图像传感器远离表面，斑纹在尺寸方面不断增大并且彼此互相结合在一起。
斑纹的空间分布频率相对于距离所产生的变化用来确定到目标标记的距离，如附图5所示。图像传感器603检测通过激光器601照明标记602所产生的斑纹图案。斑纹图案数据传输到图像处理机604用于分析空间分布频率。一旦确定了空间分布频率，就可以根据查找表获取对应的距离值，所述查找表包括预先确定的成对频率-距离数据，如以下所示保存在代码阅读器的存储器605中的示例性查找表。根据下列方程式导出距离数据：
Z 0 = P fλ
其中：
Z0是激光器601到目标602的距离
f是传感器603上的空间分布
P是光束的直径
λ是波长
然后如上所述，对于由附图3示出的透镜调节机制304，处理器604使用对应的距离值来控制自动聚焦光学组件608以便控制透镜组件的至少一个透镜的移动，从而聚焦照射在图像传感器603上的图像。
          查找表格
空间频率。(f) 距离(z0)
100 25.64
200 12.82
300 8.55
400 6.41
…… ……
上述光学代码阅读器使用光图案，例如瞄准和斑纹图案以及查找表或其它数据结构来确定到目标标记的距离并且控制自动聚焦组件，例如在美国给定的申请序号为10/425,344的一并待审申请中描述的自动聚焦组件，这里一并引用其内容。距离确定组件使由目标标记反射的所检测的图案与保存在查找表中的距离值相互关联。
本发明描述的实施例意在是说明性的而不是限制性的，并且不意在描述本发明的每个实施例。在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下可以做出不同的修改和变化，所述精神或范围如下面权利要求中字面上以及依法承认的等效物所阐述的。

Claims (23)

1.一种包括图像传感器的光学代码阅读器，所述光学代码阅读器包括：
用于朝向目标发射辐射信号的辐射组件；
用于检测由目标反射所发出的辐射信号的组件；以及
处理器，用于分析与由发射辐射所反射产生的图案有关的特征，以便确定到目标的距离，其中所述图案选自瞄准图案以及斑纹图案中的一个。
2.如权利要求1所述的光学代码阅读器，还包括一个由处理器控制的自动聚焦光学组件，用于根据所确定的距离来聚焦目标图像。
3.如权利要求1所述的光学代码阅读器，其中处理器包括用于确定在由瞄准图案照射的光学代码阅读器的图像传感器上的区域之间间距的装置，所述瞄准图案由目标反射。
4.如权利要求3所述的光学代码阅读器，其中处理器包括用于使确定的间距与到目标的距离相互关联的装置。
5.如权利要求4所述的光学代码阅读器，其中用于相互关联的装置包括数据结构，所述数据结构使在图像传感器区域和瞄准图案之间多个间距中的每一个与各自到目标的距离相互关联。
6.如权利要求1所述的光学代码阅读器，其中处理器包括用于分析由目标反射辐射信号所创建的斑纹图案。
7.如权利要求1所述的光学代码阅读器，其中处理器包括：
用于根据所分析的斑纹图案来确定斑纹空间分布频率的装置；以及
用于使确定的斑纹空间分布频率与到目标的距离相互关联的装置。
8.如权利要求7所述的光学代码阅读器，其中用于相互关联的装置包括数据结构，所述数据结构使多个斑纹空间分布频率中的每一个与各自到目标的距离相互关联。
9.如权利要求1所述的光学代码阅读器，还包括至少一个基本上位于沿着图像传感器成像阵列的基准面的光电探测器，用于检测斑纹图案。
10.一种用于确定到目标距离的光学代码阅读器的组件，所述组件包括：
用于发射至少一个瞄准光束以照射目标的辐射组件；
用于检测通过瞄准光束从目标反射所创建的瞄准图案的组件；以及
处理器，用于分析所检测的瞄准图案以确定到目标的距离。
11.如权利要求10所述的组件，还包括由处理器控制的自动聚焦光学组件，用于根据所确定的距离来聚焦目标图像。
12.如权利要求10所述的组件，其中处理器包括用于测量由瞄准图案照射的光学带码阅读器的图像传感器上的区域间的间距的装置，所述瞄准图案由目标反射。
13.如权利要求12所述的组件，其中处理器包括用于使确定的间距与到目标的距离相互关联的装置。
14.如权利要求12所述的组件，其中用于相互关联的装置包括数据结构，所述数据结构使在图像传感器区域和瞄准图案之间多个间距中的每一个与各自到目标的距离相互关联。
15.一种用于确定到目标距离的光学代码阅读器的组件，所述组件包括：
用于发射光以照射目标的辐射组件；
用于检测由目标反射的光所创建的斑纹图案的组件；以及
处理器，用于处理检测的斑纹图案以确定目标距离。
16.如权利要求15所述的组件，还包括由处理器控制的自动聚焦光学组件，用于根据所确定的距离来聚焦目标图像。
17.如权利要求15所述的组件，其中处理器包括：
用于分析检测的斑纹图案以确定斑纹空间分布频率的装置；以及
用于使斑纹空间分布频率与到目标的距离相互关联的装置，其中用于相互关联的装置包括数据结构，所述数据结构使多个斑纹空间分布频率中的每一个与各自到目标的距离相互关联。
18.一种在电光学的成像并读取标记期间的距离确定方法，包括步骤：
发射瞄准的光束以照射标记；
检测瞄准光束通过由标记反射所创建的瞄准图案；以及
分析所检测的瞄准图案以确定到目标的距离。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其中确定距离步骤包括测量光学代码阅读器的光轴和瞄准图案间形成的角度。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法，其中标记选自由光代码、字母数字、图像和手写的注释构成的组。
21.一种在电光学成像并读取标记期间的距离确定方法，包括步骤：
用入射光束来照射标记；
检测通过入射光束由标记反射所产生的斑纹图案；以及
分析所检测的斑纹图案以确定目标距离。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法，其中分析步骤包括步骤：
根据所检测的斑纹图案来计算斑纹空间分布频率；以及
使计算的斑纹空间分布频率与到目标的距离相互关联。
23.一种用于包括图像传感器的光学代码阅读器的光学系统，所述光学系统包括：用于将光代码的图像自动聚焦到图像传感器上的装置；
用于通过分析借助辐射信号由光代码发射所产生的图案来确定到目标距离的装置，其中所述图案选自由瞄准图案以及斑纹图案构成的组；以及
用于向自动聚焦装置提供至少一个控制信号以根据所确定的距离来控制聚焦装置的装置。
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